WO2019208515A1 - Marking structure, road marker, road furniture, and construct - Google Patents

Marking structure, road marker, road furniture, and construct Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019208515A1
WO2019208515A1 PCT/JP2019/017081 JP2019017081W WO2019208515A1 WO 2019208515 A1 WO2019208515 A1 WO 2019208515A1 JP 2019017081 W JP2019017081 W JP 2019017081W WO 2019208515 A1 WO2019208515 A1 WO 2019208515A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
structure according
marking
reflecting member
reflecting
marking structure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/017081
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
原口　学
Original Assignee
日本ゼオン株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 日本ゼオン株式会社 filed Critical 日本ゼオン株式会社
Priority to JP2020516351A priority Critical patent/JP7363775B2/en
Publication of WO2019208515A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019208515A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/30—Arrangements interacting with transmitters or receivers otherwise than by visible means, e.g. using radar reflectors or radio transmitters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
    • E01F9/506—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users characterised by the road surface marking material, e.g. comprising additives for improving friction or reflectivity; Methods of forming, installing or applying markings in, on or to road surfaces
    • E01F9/524—Reflecting elements specially adapted for incorporation in or application to road surface markings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a marking structure, a road marking using the marking structure, a road accessory, and a building, and more particularly, a radar such as a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar is used in an automatic driving system or a driving support system.
  • the present invention relates to a marking structure, a road marking, a road accessory, and a building that can be used advantageously when performing sensing.
  • an on-vehicle radar device or the like is used, and road markings such as lane markings and stop lines of the driving path; curbs, circuit breakers, protective fences (guard rails, guard pipes, etc.), rubber It is important to develop technology to accurately detect poles, distance indicators, lighting lights, utility poles, traffic lights, signal poles, road accessories such as road signs and road sign pillars, and buildings such as fences and outer walls. .
  • Patent Document 1 for example, a difference in reflectance intensity between the road surface and the road surface marking that can reduce detection malfunction when using a laser radar, a thermoplastic binder, an extender, Glass having a predetermined refractive index and particle diameter on the surface of a band-shaped line formed of a melt-type marking coating material, which essentially comprises a plasticizer, a color pigment, and glass beads having a predetermined refractive index and a particle diameter Road surface markings made by spreading and fixing beads have been proposed.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 for example, a millimeter wave radar is used as an all-weather white line detection technology that is difficult to detect even during bad weather such as rainfall, snowfall, and fogging, and during snowfall.
  • a technique for detecting a rib-type white line provided with ribs at equal intervals has been proposed.
  • the in-vehicle radar is a millimeter-wave radar or a quasi-millimeter-wave radar that is difficult to detect even during bad weather and snow. It is preferable to use it.
  • the above-described conventional marking structures such as the road surface marking and the rib-type white line described above, the reception intensity of reflected waves when using a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar is low.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a sign structure that can increase the reception intensity of a reflected wave when sensing is performed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a road marking, a road accessory, and a building that can be satisfactorily sensed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
  • An object of the present invention is to advantageously solve the above problems.
  • the following ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 19> marking structures the following ⁇ 20> to ⁇ 21> road markings, The following ⁇ 22> to ⁇ 23> road accessories and the following ⁇ 24> to ⁇ 25> buildings are provided.
  • ⁇ 1> A marking structure having a repetitive structure portion in which reflecting members that reflect millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves are repeatedly arranged at intervals of 0.2 mm to 40 mm.
  • ⁇ 3> The reflecting structure according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the reflective member has a negative real part of a complex relative dielectric constant.
  • the reflective member includes a metal.
  • ⁇ 5> The marking structure according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the reflective member has a real part of a complex relative dielectric constant of 5 or more.
  • ⁇ 6> The marking structure according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the reflective member has a real part of complex relative permeability exceeding 1.
  • ⁇ 7> The marking structure according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the reflective member has a negative real part of complex relative permeability.
  • ⁇ 8> The marking structure according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, wherein the reflecting member is repeatedly arranged at a constant period in the repeating structure portion.
  • ⁇ 9> The marking structure according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, wherein an arrangement interval of the reflecting members is modulated in the repetitive structure portion.
  • ⁇ 10> The marking structure according to ⁇ 9>, wherein an arrangement interval of the reflection members in the repeating structure portion is in a range of 0.7 times to 1.3 times an average value of the arrangement intervals.
  • the marking structure according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, wherein ⁇ 12> The marking structure according to any one of the above ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, having a plurality of repeating structures having different repeating directions.
  • ⁇ 13> The marking structure according to the above ⁇ 12>, wherein the repetitive structure portion includes 5 or more and less than 20 reflective members.
  • ⁇ 14> The marking structure according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 13>, wherein the reflecting member is a linear member.
  • the linear member is a linear member.
  • ⁇ 16> The marking structure according to ⁇ 14>, wherein the linear member is a curved member.
  • ⁇ 17> The marking structure according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 16>, wherein the marking structure is transparent to millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves and has a cover layer that covers the repetitive structure portion.
  • the cover layer is a layer that hides the repetitive structure portion from at least one of visible light and infrared light.
  • the cover layer absorbs at least one of visible light and infrared light.
  • a road marking comprising the marking structure according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 19> above.
  • the marking structure according to any one of ⁇ 17> to ⁇ 19> above, The cover layer is a road marking that has a higher reflectance of at least one of visible light and infrared light than an installation surface.
  • a road accessory comprising the marking structure according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 19> above.
  • the marking structure according to any one of ⁇ 17> to ⁇ 19> above, The cover layer is a road accessory having a higher reflectance of at least one of visible light and infrared light than an installation surface.
  • the cover layer is a building having a higher reflectance of at least one of visible light and infrared light than an installation surface.
  • the reception intensity of the reflected wave can be increased when sensing is performed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide road markings, road accessories, and buildings that can be satisfactorily sensed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
  • FIG. 1 It is a top view which shows the structure of an example of a marking structure.
  • (A) And (b) is a top view which shows the structure of the modification of a marking structure. It is a top view which shows the structure of the other example of a marking structure.
  • (A)-(c) is a top view which shows the structure of another example of a marking structure. It is a top view which shows the structure of another example of a marking structure. It is a top view which shows the structure of another example of a marking structure. It is a top view which shows the structure of another example of a marking structure. It is a top view which shows the structure of another example of a marking structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of an example of a marking structure.
  • FIG. 1 It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of an example of a road marking. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of an example of a road accessory. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the other example of a road accessory. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of another example of a road accessory.
  • the marking structure of the present invention can be suitably sensed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
  • radar such as millimeter-wave radar or quasi-millimeter-wave radar is used in an automatic driving system or a driving support system. Can be provided on the object to be sensed.
  • the road markings, road accessories and buildings of the present invention have the marking structure of the present invention, and can be suitably sensed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
  • the marking structure of the present invention has a repetitive structure portion in which reflecting members that reflect millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves are repeatedly arranged at intervals of 0.2 mm or more and 40 mm or less. In this way, if the reflecting members are repeatedly arranged at intervals of 0.2 mm or more and 40 mm or less, the reflected waves formed by the millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves scattered and reflected by the reflecting members propagate in a mutually reinforcing manner. The reception intensity of the reflected wave can be increased.
  • the marking structure may further have a cover layer that covers the repetitive structure portion.
  • examples of the millimeter wave and the quasi-millimeter wave include electromagnetic waves having a frequency of 20 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength of 1 mm to 15 mm.
  • the millimeter wave includes an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength of 1 mm to 10 mm
  • the quasi-millimeter wave has a frequency of 20 GHz to less than 30 GHz and a wavelength of 10 mm.
  • An electromagnetic wave that is super 15 mm or less can be mentioned.
  • the repetitive structure portion includes a reflective member that is repeatedly arranged at a predetermined interval, and a portion that is located between the reflective members and has a millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave reflectance different from that of the reflective member.
  • the form of the repetitive structure portion is not particularly limited.
  • a plurality of reflecting members are provided on an installation surface where the reflectance of millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves is different from that of the reflecting member.
  • a plurality of reflective members are arranged at predetermined intervals so that a part of the surface layer portion of the installation surface having a reflectance of millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave different from that of the reflective member is exposed on the surface.
  • Embedded form (3) a form in which a member having a different millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave reflectance from the reflective member is laid between a plurality of reflective members arranged at predetermined intervals on the installation surface, and (4) millimeter wave
  • Form in which the installed installation surface is a reflecting member
  • installation surface Form reflecting member member different reflectivity of a millimeter wave or submillimeter wave and the reflection member on the reflective member paved is arranged so as to be exposed at predetermined intervals, and the like.
  • the “part where the reflectance of the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave is different from that of the reflecting member” may be one that absorbs the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave.
  • the marking structure may have only one repeating structure part or a plurality of repeating structure parts.
  • the reflecting member, the member having a reflectance different from that of the reflecting member, and the member that absorbs millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves are provided on the installation surface. It may be directly installed or arranged on the installation surface, or may be installed or arranged indirectly on the installation surface via an adhesive layer or the like.
  • the repeating structure portion having the above-described form usually has a distribution in which the complex relative permittivity and / or the complex relative permeability change repeatedly at the above-described intervals.
  • the reflecting member any member can be used without any particular limitation as long as it is a member capable of differentiating the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave reflectance from the portion located between the reflecting members.
  • the reflecting member for example, a member made of a material having a negative real part of a complex relative dielectric constant such as metal, forsterite, aluminum oxide, barium niobate, barium titanate, barium titanate, oxidation
  • a member made of a material having a negative real part of the complex relative permeability such as a metamaterial.
  • a reflecting member made of a material having a negative real part of complex relative permittivity such as metal.
  • a reflecting member made of a material having a real part of complex relative permeability exceeding 1 such as a magnetic material is preferable.
  • a reflecting member made of a material having a negative real part of the complex relative permeability such as a metamaterial is preferable.
  • polarized light that can be reflected by a material having a real part of complex relative permittivity of 5 or more, or a material having a negative real part of complex relative permittivity, and a real part of complex relative permeability is 1 or more. Since the real part of the material or complex relative permeability is different from the polarized light that can be reflected by a negative material, select the material characteristics according to the polarized light emitted from the millimeter-wave radar or quasi-millimeter-wave radar. It is preferable.
  • each of the reflective members arranged repeatedly usually has a sufficiently long length with respect to the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave wavelength, and a sufficiently short width with respect to the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave wavelength.
  • the reflecting member has a length of 0.1 mm or more, for example.
  • the width of the reflecting member is, for example, 1/200 or more and 2/3 or less, preferably 1/50 or more and 1/5 or less, of the average value of the arrangement interval of the reflecting members in the repetitive structure portion.
  • the height of the reflecting member provided on the installation surface is preferably 3 mm or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. If the height of the reflecting member is not more than the above upper limit value, it is possible to suppress the formation of excessive irregularities on the structure provided with the marking structure. Therefore, for example, when a road marking is formed using a marking structure, it is possible to prevent a vehicle such as a motorcycle from being obstructed and prevent the road marking from being scraped off during snow removal by a snow removal grader or the like. can do. Moreover, if the height of the reflecting member is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, the reception intensity of the reflected wave when sensing using millimeter wave radar or quasi-millimeter wave radar can be sufficiently increased.
  • each reflection member that is repeatedly arranged is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a linear shape, a curved shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a cross shape, a polygonal shape, or the like. Can be mentioned. And when a reflective member is linear, it is preferable that the repeating direction of a reflective member is a direction which cross
  • positioned repeatedly needs to be 0.2 mm or more and 40 mm or less, it is preferable that it is 0.5 mm or more and 40 mm or less, and it is more preferable that it is 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less. .
  • the interval between the reflecting members is out of the above range, the reception intensity of the reflected wave cannot be sufficiently increased.
  • the interval between the reflecting members adjacent in the repeating direction is not constant (for example, the adjacent reflecting members are not arranged in parallel with each other, between the central portions of the reflecting members, and the reflecting member In the case where the interval is different between the end portions of each other), the interval between the reflecting members refers to the average distance between the reflecting members adjacent in the repeating direction.
  • the member that can be arbitrarily used and has a reflectance different from that of the reflecting member is not particularly limited, and a member made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the reflecting member can be used.
  • the reflectance of the reflecting member can also be changed by changing the mixing ratio of the materials constituting the reflecting member and / or the porosity in the reflecting member.
  • the member having a reflectance different from that of the reflecting member may be a member that absorbs millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
  • the member that absorbs millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves is not particularly limited, and is made of a material having an absorption rate of millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves of usually 10% or more, preferably 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more. Can be used. The absorption rate can be measured by a free space method.
  • the installation surface on which the above-described members can be disposed may be the surface of a structure that imparts a marking structure, or may be the surface of an undercoat layer provided on the surface of a structure that imparts a marking structure. That is, the repetitive structure portion is configured by arranging the above-described members on the surface or surface layer portion of the structure or the surface or surface layer portion of the undercoat layer.
  • the undercoat layer is not particularly limited.
  • the resin layer that smoothes the unevenness of the surface of the structure that provides the marking structure, and the adhesion between the above-described member and the surface of the structure is improved.
  • examples thereof include a resin layer and a resin layer that suppresses unnecessary reflection of millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
  • the sign structure having the repetitive structure portion described above is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sign structures as shown in FIGS.
  • the repetitive structure portion 10 of the marking structure shown in FIG. 1 is arranged on the installation surface S so that the linear reflecting members 1 made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S are parallel to each other at the above-described predetermined intervals. Being done. That is, the reflecting member 1 is repeatedly arranged at a constant period. Each reflecting member 1 extends in a direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1) orthogonal to the repeating direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 1).
  • the linear reflecting members 1A made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S on the installation surface S are parallel to each other at the predetermined intervals described above. It is arranged in. That is, the reflecting member 1A is repeatedly arranged at a constant period. Each reflective member 1A extends while being inclined with respect to a direction orthogonal to the repeating direction (left-right direction in FIG. 1). When the reflecting member 1A is inclined with respect to the repeating direction, sensing using a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar is performed from a vehicle traveling beside the marking structure, and the millimeter wave or the quasi-millimeter wave is indicated by the marking structure. Even if the light is incident from an oblique direction, it can be reflected toward the incident direction.
  • the curved reflecting members 1B made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S on the installation surface S are parallel to each other at the predetermined intervals described above. It is arranged in. That is, the reflecting member 1B is repeatedly arranged at a constant period. Each reflecting member 1B extends in a curved manner so that the central portion is convex in one of the repeating directions (left direction in FIG. 1). And when reflective member 1B is curvilinear, the reflective direction at the time of sensing using a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar can be expanded, and robustness can be improved.
  • the linear reflecting members 1 made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S are arranged on the installation surface S in parallel with each other at different intervals. Yes. That is, the reflecting member 1 is arranged so that the arrangement interval is modulated within the range of the predetermined interval described above. In FIG. The portions where the arrangement intervals are densely present alternately in the repeating direction. Each reflecting member 1 extends in a direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1) orthogonal to the repeating direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 1). And when the arrangement
  • the arrangement interval of the reflection members 1 in the repetitive structure portion 10C is modulated as in the marking structure shown in FIG. 3, the arrangement interval of the reflection members 1 is 0. 0 of the average value of the arrangement intervals. It is preferably within the range of 7 to 1.3 times. If the variation in the arrangement interval is within the above range, the reception intensity of the reflected wave when sensing using millimeter wave radar or quasi-millimeter wave radar can be sufficiently increased.
  • the sign structure has a plurality of repetitive structure portions arranged apart from each other. May be.
  • the marking structure has a plurality of repetitive structures separated from each other, the reflection wavelength band, the reflection direction of the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave can be widened, and the robustness can be improved.
  • the marking structure shown in FIG. 4A has a plurality of (three in the illustrated example) repetitive structures 10D, 10E, and 10F that are spaced apart from each other in the left-right direction in FIG. 4A. ing.
  • Each of the repetitive structures 10D, 10E, and 10F is configured such that the linear reflecting members 1 made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S are arranged in parallel on the installation surface S. That is, the reflecting member 1 is repeatedly arranged at a constant period.
  • Each reflecting member 1 extends in a direction (vertical direction in FIG. 4A) orthogonal to the repeating direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 4A).
  • the repetitive structures 10H and 10I are formed by arranging, on the installation surface S, linear reflecting members 1A made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S in parallel with each other at the above-described predetermined interval. Specifically, the reflecting members 1A are repeatedly arranged at a constant cycle, and each reflecting member 1A extends while being inclined with respect to a direction orthogonal to the repeating direction (left-right direction in FIG. 4B). is doing.
  • the repetitive structure portion 10G located between the repetitive structure portions 10H and 10I has a linear reflecting member 1 made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S on the installation surface S with the above-described predetermined interval. It is arranged in parallel. Specifically, the reflecting members 1 are repeatedly arranged at a constant cycle, and each reflecting member 1 extends in a direction orthogonal to the repeating direction (left-right direction in FIG. 4B). And if the extending direction of the reflective member is different between the multiple repeating structures of the marking structure, the reflection direction when sensing using millimeter wave radar or quasi-millimeter wave radar is expanded, and robustness is increased. Can do.
  • the marking structure shown in FIG. 4C has a plurality of repetitive structures 10J in which the repetitive directions of the reflecting member 1 are different.
  • each of the repetitive structure portions 10J is configured such that the linear reflecting members 1 made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S are arranged on the installation surface S in parallel with each other at the predetermined interval described above.
  • Each of the reflecting members 1 repeatedly arranged at a constant period extends in a direction orthogonal to the repeating direction.
  • high reflectance can be obtained in all directions when sensing using millimeter wave radar or quasi-millimeter wave radar. .
  • the number of the reflecting members which each repeating structure has is 5 or more and less than 20.
  • the repetitive direction of the reflecting member is different between the repetitive structural parts, if the number of reflecting members is 5 or more, the directionality of reflection necessary for sensing with millimeter wave radar or quasi-millimeter wave radar should be sufficiently provided. Can do. If the number of reflecting members is less than 20, redundancy can be given to the wavelength band and directivity of the reflected wave.
  • the reflective members are arranged at a constant period in all the repetitive structures.
  • the repetitive members are repeatedly arranged.
  • the period of the reflecting member may be different between at least two repetitive structures. That is, the marking structure includes a first repeating structure in which the reflecting member is repeatedly arranged at the first period, and a second repeating structure in which the reflecting member is repeatedly arranged at the second period different from the first period. May have a part.
  • each repeating structure part reflects a millimeter wave or a quasi-millimeter wave corresponding to each period, so that a wide wavelength band is obtained. High reflectivity can be obtained for millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
  • the reflecting member in each repeating structure portion is a linear member having the same length and width.
  • the reflecting member in the repeating structure portion has a shape as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, for example. It may be.
  • the repetitive structure portion 10K of the marking structure shown in FIG. 5 is made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S, and the linear reflecting members 1 and 1C having different lengths are arranged on the installation surface S. Are alternately arranged at the predetermined intervals described above. Specifically, the reflecting members 1 and 1C are repeatedly arranged at a constant period so that they are parallel to each other and the center in the length direction is located on the same straight line. Each of the reflecting members 1 and 1C extends in a direction (vertical direction in FIG. 5) orthogonal to the repeating direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 5).
  • the reflecting member 1 and the reflecting member 1C are preferably arranged at equal intervals.
  • the length of the reflecting member 1 is longer than half of the wavelength of the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave, and the length of the reflecting member 1C is shorter than half of the wavelength of the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave. It is preferable.
  • the repetitive structure portion 10L of the marking structure shown in FIG. 6 is configured such that the dot-shaped reflecting members 1D made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S are arranged on the installation surface S at the predetermined intervals described above. .
  • the reflecting member 1D is repeatedly arranged at a constant period in both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction in FIG. And when the dot-shaped reflection member 1D is arrange
  • the repetitive structure portion 10M of the marking structure shown in FIG. 7 is formed by repeatedly arranging the linear reflecting members 1E made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S at the predetermined intervals described above.
  • the repeating structure portion 10M in FIG. 7, four reflecting members 1E (first reflecting member row) juxtaposed in the vertical direction (direction orthogonal to the repeating direction (left and right direction in FIG. 7));
  • three reflecting members 1E (second reflecting member rows) juxtaposed in the vertical direction are alternately and repeatedly arranged at a constant period.
  • each reflecting member 1E that constitutes the second reflecting member row is located between the reflecting members 1E that constitute the first reflecting member row.
  • the reflecting member 1E extends in a direction along the left-right direction (repetition direction) in FIG. And according to the repeating structure part 10M of the marking structure shown in FIG. 7, a high reflectance can be obtained with respect to the polarization that vibrates in the left-right direction.
  • each reflecting member exists independently in the above-described example, the reflecting member in the repetitive structure portion may intersect as shown in FIG. 8, for example.
  • the linear reflecting member 1 made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction in FIG.
  • the linear reflecting member 1 made of a material having a different reflectance from the installation surface S is repeatedly arranged in the vertical direction in FIG. That is, the marking structure shown in FIG. 8 has a plurality of (two in FIG. 8) repeating structures 10N and 10P in which the reflecting direction of the reflecting member 1 is different.
  • the repetitive direction of the reflecting member is different between the plurality of repetitive structure portions of the marking structure and the reflecting members cross each other in a lattice shape, millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves are transmitted in a plurality of directions (see FIG. In the example shown, it can be reflected well in two directions.
  • the repetitive structure portion may be covered with a cover layer that is permeable to millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
  • the repeated structure portion formed by repeatedly arranging the reflecting member 1 may be covered with the cover layer 3.
  • the cover layer 3 may be covered with the cover layer 3.
  • the cover layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a sheet having an adhesive layer, and a layer made of a coating material including a synthetic resin, a pigment, an extender, and a plasticizer.
  • a cover layer is a layer which hides a repeating structure part with respect to at least one of visible light and infrared light. If the repetitive structure is concealed from at least one of visible light and infrared light, the driver and other sensors mounted on the vehicle (for example, visible light camera, infrared camera, infrared laser radar, etc.) ) Can be prevented from being misrecognized.
  • the layer which conceals a repeating structure part with respect to at least one of visible light and infrared light can be formed by containing dye, a pigment, or the material which has light-scattering property.
  • the cover layer is preferably a layer that absorbs at least one of visible light and infrared light. Absorbing at least one of visible light and infrared light gives false recognition to the driver and other sensors (for example, a visible light camera, an infrared camera, an infrared laser radar, etc.) mounted on the automobile. Can be prevented.
  • the layer that absorbs at least one of visible light and infrared light can be formed by containing a dye or a pigment.
  • road surface markings such as a division line of a runway, a stop line; curbstone, a circuit breaker, a protection fence (a guardrail, a guard pipe, etc.
  • Examples include road poles such as rubber poles, distance markers, lighting lamps, electric poles, traffic lights, signal poles, road signs and road sign poles, and buildings such as fences and outer walls.
  • the cover layer has the reflectance of at least one of visible light and infrared light higher than an installation surface. If the reflectance of at least one of visible light and infrared light of the cover layer is higher than the installation surface, the cover layer can have a function as a marking structure for visible light and / or infrared light, and the driver, It becomes a highly redundant marking structure that can be detected by a visible light camera, an infrared light camera, an infrared light laser radar, or the like.
  • the sign structure when used in an automatic driving system or driving support system as a sensing object using radar such as millimeter wave radar or quasi-millimeter wave radar, the sign structure has a repetitive direction of the reflecting member when the vehicle is running. It is preferable to have at least one repeating structure portion parallel to the direction.
  • the reflecting member 1 is repeatedly arranged on the surface of the undercoat layer 2 provided on the road surface 20 so that the traveling direction of the vehicle is the repeat direction, and the white line 4 serving as the cover layer is further provided as the undercoat layer. 2 and the reflecting member 1. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the visibility of the white line 4, a visible retroreflection material such as a glass bead 5 or an infrared light reflection material (not shown) is provided on the surface layer portion of the white line 4.
  • a reflected wave with high intensity can be obtained by sensing using a radar such as a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar from a traveling vehicle.
  • a radar such as a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar from a traveling vehicle.
  • the guard rail 30 shown in FIG. 11 is provided with a repetitive structure portion 10 in which the repetitive direction of the reflecting member is parallel to the traveling direction of the vehicle in the beam portion.
  • the guardrail 30 can obtain a reflected wave with high intensity by sensing from a traveling vehicle using a radar such as a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar.
  • the curbstone 40 shown in FIG. 12 is provided with a repetitive structure 10 on the surface and side surfaces in which the repetitive direction of the reflecting member is parallel to the traveling direction of the vehicle.
  • the curb 40 can obtain a reflected wave with high intensity by sensing from a traveling vehicle using a radar such as a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar.
  • the utility pole 50 shown in FIG. 13 is provided with a repeating structure 10 on the surface along the circumferential direction, in which the repeating direction of the reflecting member is parallel to the traveling direction of the vehicle. And in this utility pole 50, a reflected wave with high intensity
  • the radars such as a millimeter wave radar and a quasi-millimeter wave radar
  • the reception intensity of the reflected wave can be increased when sensing is performed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide road markings, road accessories, and buildings that can be satisfactorily sensed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.

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Abstract

Provided is a marking structure whereby the reception strength of a reflected wave can be increased when sensing is carried out by a radar using millimeter waves or submillimeter waves. Also, provided are a road marker, road furniture, and a construct which may be sensed well by a radar using millimeter waves or submillimeter waves. The marking structure according to the present invention includes a repetitive structure portion in which reflective members for reflecting millimeter waves or submillimeter waves are arranged in a repetitive manner at an interval of 0.2 mm or more and 40 mm or less. Also, the road marker, the road furniture, and the construct according to the present invention are provided with the marking structure.

Description

標示構造、並びに、路面標示、道路付属物および建造物Sign structure, road markings, road accessories and buildings
　本発明は、標示構造、並びに、当該標示構造を用いた路面標示、道路付属物および建造物に関し、特には、自動運転システムや運転支援システムにおいてミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーなどのレーダーを用いたセンシングを行う際に有利に活用し得る標示構造、路面標示、道路付属物および建造物に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a marking structure, a road marking using the marking structure, a road accessory, and a building, and more particularly, a radar such as a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar is used in an automatic driving system or a driving support system. The present invention relates to a marking structure, a road marking, a road accessory, and a building that can be used advantageously when performing sensing.
　近年、自動車のドライバーの運転操作を支援する運転支援システムや、ドライバーが運転操作を行わなくとも自動車を自動で走行させる自動運転システムが注目されている。 In recent years, attention has been focused on driving support systems that support driving operations of automobile drivers, and automatic driving systems that automatically drive automobiles without the driver performing driving operations.
　ここで、運転支援システムおよび自動運転システムにおいては、車載レーダー装置等を使用し、走行路の区画線や停止線等の路面標示；縁石、遮断機、防護柵（ガードレール、ガードパイプ等）、ラバーポール、距離標、照明灯、電柱、信号機、信号柱、道路標識および道路標識柱等の道路付属物；並びに、塀や外壁等の建造物；などを的確に検知する技術の開発が肝要である。 Here, in the driving support system and the automatic driving system, an on-vehicle radar device or the like is used, and road markings such as lane markings and stop lines of the driving path; curbs, circuit breakers, protective fences (guard rails, guard pipes, etc.), rubber It is important to develop technology to accurately detect poles, distance indicators, lighting lights, utility poles, traffic lights, signal poles, road accessories such as road signs and road sign pillars, and buildings such as fences and outer walls. .
　そこで、例えば特許文献１では、路面との間の反射率強度の差が大きく、レーザーレーダーを用いた際の検知の誤作動を低減し得る路面ライン標示として、熱可塑性結合材と、体質材と、可塑剤と、着色顔料と、所定の屈折率および粒子径を有するガラスビーズとを必須とする溶融式の標示用塗料で形成された帯状ラインの表面に所定の屈折率および粒子径を有するガラスビーズを散布固着させてなる路面ライン標示が提案されている。 Therefore, in Patent Document 1, for example, a difference in reflectance intensity between the road surface and the road surface marking that can reduce detection malfunction when using a laser radar, a thermoplastic binder, an extender, Glass having a predetermined refractive index and particle diameter on the surface of a band-shaped line formed of a melt-type marking coating material, which essentially comprises a plasticizer, a color pigment, and glass beads having a predetermined refractive index and a particle diameter Road surface markings made by spreading and fixing beads have been proposed.
　また、例えば非特許文献１では、降雨、降雪および霧発生などの悪天候時、並びに、積雪時でも検知性能が低下し難い全天候型の白線検知技術として、ミリ波レーダーを使用し、例えば４００ｍｍ程度の等間隔でリブを設けたリブ式白線を検知する技術が提案されている。 Further, in Non-Patent Document 1, for example, a millimeter wave radar is used as an all-weather white line detection technology that is difficult to detect even during bad weather such as rainfall, snowfall, and fogging, and during snowfall. A technique for detecting a rib-type white line provided with ribs at equal intervals has been proposed.
特開２０１５－１４８１１４号公報JP 2015-148114 A
　ここで、天候等の影響を受け難い運転支援システムおよび自動運転システムを実現する観点からは、車載レーダーとしては、悪天候時および積雪時でも検知性能が低下し難いミリ波レーダーまたは準ミリ波レーダーを用いることが好ましい。しかし、上述した路面ライン標示やリブ式白線などの上記従来の標示構造では、ミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーを用いた際の反射波の受信強度が低かった。 Here, from the viewpoint of realizing a driving support system and an automatic driving system that are not easily affected by the weather, etc., the in-vehicle radar is a millimeter-wave radar or a quasi-millimeter-wave radar that is difficult to detect even during bad weather and snow. It is preferable to use it. However, in the above-described conventional marking structures such as the road surface marking and the rib-type white line described above, the reception intensity of reflected waves when using a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar is low.
　そこで、本発明は、ミリ波または準ミリ波を用いたレーダーでセンシングを行った際に反射波の受信強度を高めることが可能な標示構造を提供することを目的とする。
　また、本発明は、ミリ波または準ミリ波を用いたレーダーで良好にセンシングし得る路面標示、道路付属物および建造物を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a sign structure that can increase the reception intensity of a reflected wave when sensing is performed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a road marking, a road accessory, and a building that can be satisfactorily sensed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
　この発明は、上記課題を有利に解決することを目的とするものであり、本発明によれば、下記＜１＞～＜１９＞の標示構造、下記＜２０＞～＜２１＞の路面標示、下記＜２２＞～＜２３＞の道路付属物および下記＜２４＞～＜２５＞の建造物が提供される。
＜１＞ミリ波または準ミリ波を反射する反射部材を０．２ｍｍ以上４０ｍｍ以下の間隔で繰り返し配置してなる繰り返し構造部を有する、標示構造。
＜２＞前記反射部材は、高さが３ｍｍ以下である、上記＜１＞に記載の標示構造。
＜３＞前記反射部材は、複素比誘電率の実部が負である、上記＜１＞または＜２＞に記載の標示構造。
＜４＞前記反射部材は、金属を含む、上記＜３＞に記載の標示構造。
＜５＞前記反射部材は、複素比誘電率の実部が５以上である、上記＜１＞または＜２＞に記載の標示構造。
＜６＞前記反射部材は、複素比透磁率の実部が１超である、上記＜１＞または＜２＞に記載の標示構造。
＜７＞前記反射部材は、複素比透磁率の実部が負である、上記＜１＞または＜２＞に記載の標示構造。
＜８＞前記繰り返し構造部内で、前記反射部材が一定の周期で繰り返し配置されている、上記＜１＞～＜７＞の何れかに記載の標示構造。
＜９＞前記繰り返し構造部内で、前記反射部材の配設間隔が変調している、上記＜１＞～＜７＞の何れかに記載の標示構造。
＜１０＞前記繰り返し構造部内における前記反射部材の配設間隔が、配設間隔の平均値の０．７倍以上１．３倍以下の範囲内である、上記＜９＞に記載の標示構造。
＜１１＞前記反射部材が第一の周期で繰り返し配置されている第一繰り返し構造部と、前記反射部材が前記第一の周期とは異なる第二の周期で繰り返し配置されている第二繰り返し構造部とを有する、上記＜１＞～＜７＞の何れかに記載の標示構造。
＜１２＞繰り返し方向が異なる複数の繰り返し構造部を有する、上記＜１＞～＜７＞の何れかに記載の標示構造。
＜１３＞前記繰り返し構造部内に、５以上２０未満の反射部材が含まれる、上記＜１２＞に記載の標示構造。
＜１４＞前記反射部材が線状部材である、上記＜１＞～＜１３＞の何れかに記載の標示構造。
＜１５＞前記線状部材が直線状部材である、上記＜１４＞に記載の標示構造。
＜１６＞前記線状部材が曲線状部材である、上記＜１４＞に記載の標示構造。
＜１７＞ミリ波または準ミリ波に対して透過性を有し、且つ、前記繰り返し構造部を覆うカバー層を有する、上記＜１＞～＜１６＞の何れかに記載の標示構造。
＜１８＞前記カバー層は、前記繰り返し構造部を可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方に対して隠蔽する層である、上記＜１７＞に記載の標示構造。
＜１９＞前記カバー層は、可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方を吸収する、上記＜１７＞に記載の標示構造。
＜２０＞上記＜１＞～＜１９＞の何れかに記載の標示構造を備える、路面標示。
＜２１＞上記＜１７＞～＜１９＞の何れかに記載の標示構造を備え、
　前記カバー層は、設置面よりも、可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方の反射率が高い、路面標示。
＜２２＞上記＜１＞～＜１９＞の何れかに記載の標示構造を備える、道路付属物。
＜２３＞上記＜１７＞～＜１９＞の何れかに記載の標示構造を備え、
　前記カバー層は、設置面よりも、可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方の反射率が高い、道路付属物。
＜２４＞上記＜１＞～＜１９＞の何れかに記載の標示構造を備える、建造物。
＜２５＞上記＜１７＞～＜１９＞の何れかに記載の標示構造を備え、
　前記カバー層は、設置面よりも、可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方の反射率が高い、建造物。 An object of the present invention is to advantageously solve the above problems. According to the present invention, the following <1> to <19> marking structures, the following <20> to <21> road markings, The following <22> to <23> road accessories and the following <24> to <25> buildings are provided.
<1> A marking structure having a repetitive structure portion in which reflecting members that reflect millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves are repeatedly arranged at intervals of 0.2 mm to 40 mm.
<2> The marking structure according to <1>, wherein the reflection member has a height of 3 mm or less.
<3> The reflecting structure according to <1> or <2>, wherein the reflective member has a negative real part of a complex relative dielectric constant.
<4> The marking structure according to <3>, wherein the reflective member includes a metal.
<5> The marking structure according to <1> or <2>, wherein the reflective member has a real part of a complex relative dielectric constant of 5 or more.
<6> The marking structure according to <1> or <2>, wherein the reflective member has a real part of complex relative permeability exceeding 1.
<7> The marking structure according to <1> or <2>, wherein the reflective member has a negative real part of complex relative permeability.
<8> The marking structure according to any one of <1> to <7>, wherein the reflecting member is repeatedly arranged at a constant period in the repeating structure portion.
<9> The marking structure according to any one of <1> to <7>, wherein an arrangement interval of the reflecting members is modulated in the repetitive structure portion.
<10> The marking structure according to <9>, wherein an arrangement interval of the reflection members in the repeating structure portion is in a range of 0.7 times to 1.3 times an average value of the arrangement intervals.
<11> A first repeating structure in which the reflecting member is repeatedly arranged at a first period, and a second repeating structure in which the reflecting member is repeatedly arranged at a second period different from the first period. The marking structure according to any one of <1> to <7>, wherein
<12> The marking structure according to any one of the above <1> to <7>, having a plurality of repeating structures having different repeating directions.
<13> The marking structure according to the above <12>, wherein the repetitive structure portion includes 5 or more and less than 20 reflective members.
<14> The marking structure according to any one of <1> to <13>, wherein the reflecting member is a linear member.
<15> The marking structure according to <14>, wherein the linear member is a linear member.
<16> The marking structure according to <14>, wherein the linear member is a curved member.
<17> The marking structure according to any one of <1> to <16>, wherein the marking structure is transparent to millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves and has a cover layer that covers the repetitive structure portion.
<18> The marking structure according to <17>, wherein the cover layer is a layer that hides the repetitive structure portion from at least one of visible light and infrared light.
<19> The marking structure according to <17>, wherein the cover layer absorbs at least one of visible light and infrared light.
<20> A road marking comprising the marking structure according to any one of <1> to <19> above.
<21> The marking structure according to any one of <17> to <19> above,
The cover layer is a road marking that has a higher reflectance of at least one of visible light and infrared light than an installation surface.
<22> A road accessory comprising the marking structure according to any one of <1> to <19> above.
<23> The marking structure according to any one of <17> to <19> above,
The cover layer is a road accessory having a higher reflectance of at least one of visible light and infrared light than an installation surface.
<24> A building comprising the marking structure according to any one of <1> to <19>.
<25> The marking structure according to any one of <17> to <19> above,
The cover layer is a building having a higher reflectance of at least one of visible light and infrared light than an installation surface.
　本発明の標示構造によれば、ミリ波または準ミリ波を用いたレーダーでセンシングを行った際に反射波の受信強度を高めることができる。
　また、本発明によれば、ミリ波または準ミリ波を用いたレーダーで良好にセンシングし得る路面標示、道路付属物および建造物を提供することができる。 According to the marking structure of the present invention, the reception intensity of the reflected wave can be increased when sensing is performed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide road markings, road accessories, and buildings that can be satisfactorily sensed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
標示構造の一例の構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the structure of an example of a marking structure. （ａ）および（ｂ）は、標示構造の変形例の構成を示す平面図である。(A) And (b) is a top view which shows the structure of the modification of a marking structure. 標示構造の他の例の構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the structure of the other example of a marking structure. （ａ）～（ｃ）は、標示構造の別の例の構成を示す平面図である。(A)-(c) is a top view which shows the structure of another example of a marking structure. 標示構造の更に別の例の構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the structure of another example of a marking structure. 標示構造の更に別の例の構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the structure of another example of a marking structure. 標示構造の更に別の例の構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the structure of another example of a marking structure. 標示構造の更に別の例の構成を示す平面図であるIt is a top view which shows the structure of another example of a marking structure. 標示構造の一例の構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of an example of a marking structure. 路面標示の一例の構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of an example of a road marking. 道路付属物の一例の構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the structure of an example of a road accessory. 道路付属物の他の例の構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the other example of a road accessory. 道路付属物の別の例の構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the structure of another example of a road accessory.
　本発明の標示構造は、ミリ波または準ミリ波を用いたレーダーで好適にセンシングし得るものであり、例えば、自動運転システムや運転支援システムにおいてミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーなどのレーダーを用いたセンシングを行う対象物に設けることができる。また、本発明の路面標示、道路付属物および建造物は、本発明の標示構造を備えており、ミリ波または準ミリ波を用いたレーダーで好適にセンシングすることができる。 The marking structure of the present invention can be suitably sensed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves. For example, radar such as millimeter-wave radar or quasi-millimeter-wave radar is used in an automatic driving system or a driving support system. Can be provided on the object to be sensed. Moreover, the road markings, road accessories and buildings of the present invention have the marking structure of the present invention, and can be suitably sensed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
（標示構造）
　本発明の標示構造は、ミリ波または準ミリ波を反射する反射部材を０．２ｍｍ以上４０ｍｍ以下の間隔で繰り返し配置してなる繰り返し構造部を有している。このように、反射部材を０．２ｍｍ以上４０ｍｍ以下の間隔で繰り返し配置すれば、ミリ波または準ミリ波が反射部材で散乱・反射されてなる反射波が互いに強め合って伝搬するため、レーダーにおける反射波の受信強度を高めることができる。
　なお、標示構造は、繰り返し構造部を覆うカバー層を更に有していてもよい。 (Indication structure)
The marking structure of the present invention has a repetitive structure portion in which reflecting members that reflect millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves are repeatedly arranged at intervals of 0.2 mm or more and 40 mm or less. In this way, if the reflecting members are repeatedly arranged at intervals of 0.2 mm or more and 40 mm or less, the reflected waves formed by the millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves scattered and reflected by the reflecting members propagate in a mutually reinforcing manner. The reception intensity of the reflected wave can be increased.
In addition, the marking structure may further have a cover layer that covers the repetitive structure portion.
＜ミリ波・準ミリ波＞
　ここで、ミリ波および準ミリ波としては、周波数が２０ＧＨｚ以上３００ＧＨｚ以下であり、波長が１ｍｍ以上１５ｍｍ以下である電磁波が挙げられる。具体的には、ミリ波としては、周波数が３０ＧＨｚ以上３００ＧＨｚ以下であり、波長が１ｍｍ以上１０ｍｍ以下である電磁波が挙げられ、準ミリ波としては、周波数が２０ＧＨｚ以上３０ＧＨｚ未満であり、波長が１０ｍｍ超１５ｍｍ以下である電磁波が挙げられる。 <Millimeter wave / Quasi-millimeter wave>
Here, examples of the millimeter wave and the quasi-millimeter wave include electromagnetic waves having a frequency of 20 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength of 1 mm to 15 mm. Specifically, the millimeter wave includes an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength of 1 mm to 10 mm, and the quasi-millimeter wave has a frequency of 20 GHz to less than 30 GHz and a wavelength of 10 mm. An electromagnetic wave that is super 15 mm or less can be mentioned.
＜繰り返し構造部＞
　また、繰り返し構造部は、所定の間隔で繰り返し配置された反射部材と、反射部材間に位置してミリ波または準ミリ波の反射率が反射部材とは異なる部分とを有している。具体的には、繰り返し構造部の形態としては、特に限定されることなく、例えば、（１）ミリ波または準ミリ波の反射率が反射部材とは異なる設置面の上に複数の反射部材を所定の間隔で設置した形態、（２）ミリ波または準ミリ波の反射率が反射部材とは異なる設置面の表層部に一部が表面に露出するように複数の反射部材を所定の間隔で埋設した形態、（３）設置面上に所定の間隔で配置した複数の反射部材の間にミリ波または準ミリ波の反射率が反射部材とは異なる部材を敷き詰めた形態、（４）ミリ波または準ミリ波を反射し得る設置面上にミリ波または準ミリ波を吸収する部材を設置面が所定の間隔で露出するように配置した形態（ミリ波または準ミリ波を吸収する部材間に位置する設置面が反射部材となる形態）、（５）設置面上に敷き詰めた反射部材の上にミリ波または準ミリ波の反射率が反射部材とは異なる部材を反射部材が所定の間隔で露出するように配置した形態、等が挙げられる。
　なお、「ミリ波または準ミリ波の反射率が反射部材とは異なる部分」は、ミリ波または準ミリ波を吸収するものであってもよい。また、標示構造は、繰り返し構造部を１つのみ有していてもよいし、複数有していてもよい。更に、上記（１）、（３）、（４）および（５）において、反射部材、反射率が反射部材とは異なる部材、並びに、ミリ波または準ミリ波を吸収する部材は、設置面上に直接設置または配置してもよいし、設置面上に接着層等を介して間接的に設置または配置してもよい。 <Repeated structure part>
In addition, the repetitive structure portion includes a reflective member that is repeatedly arranged at a predetermined interval, and a portion that is located between the reflective members and has a millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave reflectance different from that of the reflective member. Specifically, the form of the repetitive structure portion is not particularly limited. For example, (1) a plurality of reflecting members are provided on an installation surface where the reflectance of millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves is different from that of the reflecting member. (2) A plurality of reflective members are arranged at predetermined intervals so that a part of the surface layer portion of the installation surface having a reflectance of millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave different from that of the reflective member is exposed on the surface. Embedded form, (3) a form in which a member having a different millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave reflectance from the reflective member is laid between a plurality of reflective members arranged at predetermined intervals on the installation surface, and (4) millimeter wave Alternatively, a configuration in which a member that absorbs millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves is arranged on the installation surface that can reflect quasi-millimeter waves so that the installation surface is exposed at a predetermined interval (between the members that absorb millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves) Form in which the installed installation surface is a reflecting member), (5) installation surface Form reflecting member member different reflectivity of a millimeter wave or submillimeter wave and the reflection member on the reflective member paved is arranged so as to be exposed at predetermined intervals, and the like.
The “part where the reflectance of the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave is different from that of the reflecting member” may be one that absorbs the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave. Moreover, the marking structure may have only one repeating structure part or a plurality of repeating structure parts. Further, in the above (1), (3), (4) and (5), the reflecting member, the member having a reflectance different from that of the reflecting member, and the member that absorbs millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves are provided on the installation surface. It may be directly installed or arranged on the installation surface, or may be installed or arranged indirectly on the installation surface via an adhesive layer or the like.
　そして、上述した形態を有する繰り返し構造部は、通常、複素比誘電率および／または複素比透磁率が上述した間隔で繰り返し変化する分布を有する。 The repeating structure portion having the above-described form usually has a distribution in which the complex relative permittivity and / or the complex relative permeability change repeatedly at the above-described intervals.
［反射部材］
　ここで、反射部材としては、反射部材間に位置する部分とミリ波または準ミリ波の反射率を異ならせることができる部材であれば特に限定されることなく、任意の部材を用いることができる。具体的には、反射部材としては、例えば、金属等の複素比誘電率の実部が負である材料よりなる部材、フォルステライト、酸化アルミニウム、ニオブ酸マグネシウム酸バリウム、チタン酸ネオジウム酸バリウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化亜鉛等の複素比誘電率の実部が５以上、好ましくは１０以上である材料よりなる部材、磁性体等の複素比透磁率の実部が１超である材料よりなる部材、および、メタマテリアル等の複素比透磁率の実部が負である材料よりなる部材などが挙げられる。中でも、ミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーを用いてセンシングを行った際の反射波の受信強度を高める観点からは、金属等の複素比誘電率の実部が負である材料よりなる反射部材が好ましい。また、標示構造の施工後に反射部材の設置位置を検知し易い観点からは、磁性体等の複素比透磁率の実部が１超である材料よりなる反射部材が好ましい。更に、ミリ波や準ミリ波の周波数に合わせて特性を設計し、高い反射率を得る観点からは、メタマテリアル等の複素比透磁率の実部が負である材料よりなる反射部材が好ましい。
　なお、複素比誘電率の実部の値が５以上の材料または複素比誘電率の実部の値が負の材料によって反射できる偏波と、複素比透磁率の実部の値が１以上の材料または複素比透磁率の実部の値が負の材料によって反射できる偏波とは異なっているため、ミリ波レーダーまたは準ミリ波レーダーから出射する偏波に合わせて、材料の特性を選択することが好ましい。 [Reflection member]
Here, as the reflecting member, any member can be used without any particular limitation as long as it is a member capable of differentiating the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave reflectance from the portion located between the reflecting members. . Specifically, as the reflecting member, for example, a member made of a material having a negative real part of a complex relative dielectric constant such as metal, forsterite, aluminum oxide, barium niobate, barium titanate, barium titanate, oxidation A member made of a material having a complex relative permittivity of 5 or more, preferably 10 or more, such as magnesium or zinc oxide, a member made of a material having a complex relative permeability of more than 1 such as a magnetic material, and the like And a member made of a material having a negative real part of the complex relative permeability such as a metamaterial. Above all, from the viewpoint of increasing the reception intensity of the reflected wave when sensing using millimeter wave radar or quasi-millimeter wave radar, there is a reflecting member made of a material having a negative real part of complex relative permittivity such as metal. preferable. Further, from the viewpoint of easily detecting the installation position of the reflecting member after the construction of the marking structure, a reflecting member made of a material having a real part of complex relative permeability exceeding 1 such as a magnetic material is preferable. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of designing the characteristics in accordance with the frequency of the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave and obtaining a high reflectance, a reflecting member made of a material having a negative real part of the complex relative permeability such as a metamaterial is preferable.
It should be noted that polarized light that can be reflected by a material having a real part of complex relative permittivity of 5 or more, or a material having a negative real part of complex relative permittivity, and a real part of complex relative permeability is 1 or more. Since the real part of the material or complex relative permeability is different from the polarized light that can be reflected by a negative material, select the material characteristics according to the polarized light emitted from the millimeter-wave radar or quasi-millimeter-wave radar. It is preferable.
　また、繰り返し配置されている各反射部材は、通常、ミリ波または準ミリ波の波長に対して十分に長い長さを有し、ミリ波または準ミリ波の波長に対して十分に短い幅を有する。具体的には、反射部材は、例えば、長さが０．１ｍｍ以上である。また、反射部材の幅は、例えば、繰り返し構造部内における反射部材の配置間隔の平均値の１／２００以上２／３以下、好ましくは１／５０以上１／５以下である。 In addition, each of the reflective members arranged repeatedly usually has a sufficiently long length with respect to the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave wavelength, and a sufficiently short width with respect to the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave wavelength. Have. Specifically, the reflecting member has a length of 0.1 mm or more, for example. The width of the reflecting member is, for example, 1/200 or more and 2/3 or less, preferably 1/50 or more and 1/5 or less, of the average value of the arrangement interval of the reflecting members in the repetitive structure portion.
　更に、設置面上に設ける反射部材の高さは、３ｍｍ以下であることが好ましく、１０μｍ以上１００μｍ以下であることがより好ましい。反射部材の高さが上記上限値以下であれば、標示構造を付与した構造物に過度な凹凸が形成されるのを抑制することができる。従って、例えば標示構造を用いて路面標示を形成した場合には、バイク等の車両の走行に支障をきたすのを防止することができると共に、除雪グレーダー等による除雪時に路面標示が削り取られるのを防止することができる。また、反射部材の高さが上記下限値以上であれば、ミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーを用いてセンシングを行った際の反射波の受信強度を十分に高めることができる。 Furthermore, the height of the reflecting member provided on the installation surface is preferably 3 mm or less, and more preferably 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less. If the height of the reflecting member is not more than the above upper limit value, it is possible to suppress the formation of excessive irregularities on the structure provided with the marking structure. Therefore, for example, when a road marking is formed using a marking structure, it is possible to prevent a vehicle such as a motorcycle from being obstructed and prevent the road marking from being scraped off during snow removal by a snow removal grader or the like. can do. Moreover, if the height of the reflecting member is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, the reception intensity of the reflected wave when sensing using millimeter wave radar or quasi-millimeter wave radar can be sufficiently increased.
　また、繰り返し配置されている各反射部材の平面視形状は、特に限定されることなく、例えば、直線状や曲線状等の線状の他、円状、楕円状、十字状、多角形状などが挙げられる。
　そして、反射部材が線状の場合、反射部材の繰り返し方向は、線状の部材に交差する方向であることが好ましい。 In addition, the planar view shape of each reflection member that is repeatedly arranged is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a linear shape, a curved shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a cross shape, a polygonal shape, or the like. Can be mentioned.
And when a reflective member is linear, it is preferable that the repeating direction of a reflective member is a direction which cross | intersects a linear member.
［反射部材の間隔］
　そして、繰り返し配置されている反射部材の配置間隔は、０．２ｍｍ以上４０ｍｍ以下であることが必要であり、０．５ｍｍ以上４０ｍｍ以下であることが好ましく、１ｍｍ以上１０ｍｍ以下であることがより好ましい。反射部材の間隔が上記範囲外の場合、反射波の受信強度を十分に高めることができない。
　なお、本発明において、繰り返し方向に隣接する反射部材間で間隔が一定でない場合（例えば、隣接する反射部材同士が互いに平行に配置されておらず、反射部材の中央部同士の間と、反射部材の端部同士の間とで間隔が異なる場合など）には、反射部材の間隔とは、繰り返し方向に隣接する反射部材間の平均距離を指すものとする。 [Reflecting member spacing]
And the arrangement | positioning space | interval of the reflection member arrange | positioned repeatedly needs to be 0.2 mm or more and 40 mm or less, it is preferable that it is 0.5 mm or more and 40 mm or less, and it is more preferable that it is 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less. . When the interval between the reflecting members is out of the above range, the reception intensity of the reflected wave cannot be sufficiently increased.
In the present invention, when the interval between the reflecting members adjacent in the repeating direction is not constant (for example, the adjacent reflecting members are not arranged in parallel with each other, between the central portions of the reflecting members, and the reflecting member In the case where the interval is different between the end portions of each other), the interval between the reflecting members refers to the average distance between the reflecting members adjacent in the repeating direction.
［反射率が反射部材とは異なる部材］
　任意に使用し得る、反射率が反射部材とは異なる部材としては、特に限定されることなく、反射率が反射部材とは異なる材料からなる部材を使用することができる。ここで、反射部材の反射率は、反射部材を構成する材料の混合比および／または反射部材中の空隙率を変更することによっても変化させることができる。
　なお、反射率が反射部材とは異なる部材は、ミリ波または準ミリ波を吸収する部材であってもよい。 [A member whose reflectance is different from that of the reflecting member]
The member that can be arbitrarily used and has a reflectance different from that of the reflecting member is not particularly limited, and a member made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the reflecting member can be used. Here, the reflectance of the reflecting member can also be changed by changing the mixing ratio of the materials constituting the reflecting member and / or the porosity in the reflecting member.
The member having a reflectance different from that of the reflecting member may be a member that absorbs millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
［ミリ波または準ミリ波を吸収する部材］
　ミリ波または準ミリ波を吸収する部材としては、特に限定されることなく、ミリ波または準ミリ波の吸収率が通常１０％以上、好ましくは５０％以上、より好ましくは８０％以上の材料からなる部材を使用することができる。
　なお、吸収率は、自由空間法で測定することができる。 [Members that absorb millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves]
The member that absorbs millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves is not particularly limited, and is made of a material having an absorption rate of millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves of usually 10% or more, preferably 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more. Can be used.
The absorption rate can be measured by a free space method.
［設置面］
　上述した部材を配置し得る設置面は、標示構造を付与する構造物の表面であってもよいし、標示構造を付与する構造物の表面に設けた下塗り層の表面であってもよい。即ち、繰り返し構造部は、構造物の表面または表層部、或いは、下塗り層の表面または表層部に上述した部材を配置して構成されている。 [Installation surface]
The installation surface on which the above-described members can be disposed may be the surface of a structure that imparts a marking structure, or may be the surface of an undercoat layer provided on the surface of a structure that imparts a marking structure. That is, the repetitive structure portion is configured by arranging the above-described members on the surface or surface layer portion of the structure or the surface or surface layer portion of the undercoat layer.
　ここで、下塗り層としては、特に限定されることなく、例えば、標示構造を付与する構造物の表面の凹凸を平滑化する樹脂層、上述した部材と構造物の表面との接着性を向上させる樹脂層、並びに、ミリ波または準ミリ波の不要な反射を抑制する樹脂層などが挙げられる。 Here, the undercoat layer is not particularly limited. For example, the resin layer that smoothes the unevenness of the surface of the structure that provides the marking structure, and the adhesion between the above-described member and the surface of the structure is improved. Examples thereof include a resin layer and a resin layer that suppresses unnecessary reflection of millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
＜標示構造の例＞
　そして、上述した繰り返し構造部を有する標示構造としては、特に限定されることなく、例えば図１～７に示すような標示構造が挙げられる。 <Example of marking structure>
The sign structure having the repetitive structure portion described above is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sign structures as shown in FIGS.
　ここで、図１に示す標示構造の繰り返し構造部１０は、設置面Ｓ上に設置面Ｓとは反射率が異なる材料からなる直線状の反射部材１が上述した所定の間隔で互いに平行に配置されてなる。即ち、反射部材１は、一定の周期で繰り返し配置されている。なお、各反射部材１は、繰り返し方向（図１では左右方向）に直交する方向（図１では上下方向）に延在している。 Here, the repetitive structure portion 10 of the marking structure shown in FIG. 1 is arranged on the installation surface S so that the linear reflecting members 1 made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S are parallel to each other at the above-described predetermined intervals. Being done. That is, the reflecting member 1 is repeatedly arranged at a constant period. Each reflecting member 1 extends in a direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1) orthogonal to the repeating direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 1).
　また、図２（ａ）に示す標示構造の繰り返し構造部１０Ａは、設置面Ｓ上に設置面Ｓとは反射率が異なる材料からなる直線状の反射部材１Ａが上述した所定の間隔で互いに平行に配置されてなる。即ち、反射部材１Ａは、一定の周期で繰り返し配置されている。なお、各反射部材１Ａは、繰り返し方向（図１では左右方向）に直交する方向に対して傾斜して延在している。そして、反射部材１Ａが繰り返し方向に対して傾斜している場合、標示構造の横を走行する車両からミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーを用いたセンシングを行ってミリ波や準ミリ波が標示構造に斜め方向から入射しても、入射方向に向かって反射させることができる。 In addition, in the repetitive structure portion 10A of the marking structure shown in FIG. 2A, the linear reflecting members 1A made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S on the installation surface S are parallel to each other at the predetermined intervals described above. It is arranged in. That is, the reflecting member 1A is repeatedly arranged at a constant period. Each reflective member 1A extends while being inclined with respect to a direction orthogonal to the repeating direction (left-right direction in FIG. 1). When the reflecting member 1A is inclined with respect to the repeating direction, sensing using a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar is performed from a vehicle traveling beside the marking structure, and the millimeter wave or the quasi-millimeter wave is indicated by the marking structure. Even if the light is incident from an oblique direction, it can be reflected toward the incident direction.
　更に、図２（ｂ）に示す標示構造の繰り返し構造部１０Ｂは、設置面Ｓ上に設置面Ｓとは反射率が異なる材料からなる曲線状の反射部材１Ｂが上述した所定の間隔で互いに平行に配置されてなる。即ち、反射部材１Ｂは、一定の周期で繰り返し配置されている。なお、各反射部材１Ｂは、中央部が繰り返し方向の一方（図１では左方向）に凸となるように湾曲して延在している。そして、反射部材１Ｂが曲線状である場合、ミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーを用いてセンシングを行った際の反射方向を広げ、ロバスト性を高めることができる。 Furthermore, in the repetitive structure portion 10B of the marking structure shown in FIG. 2B, the curved reflecting members 1B made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S on the installation surface S are parallel to each other at the predetermined intervals described above. It is arranged in. That is, the reflecting member 1B is repeatedly arranged at a constant period. Each reflecting member 1B extends in a curved manner so that the central portion is convex in one of the repeating directions (left direction in FIG. 1). And when reflective member 1B is curvilinear, the reflective direction at the time of sensing using a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar can be expanded, and robustness can be improved.
　また、図３に示す標示構造の繰り返し構造部１０Ｃは、設置面Ｓ上に設置面Ｓとは反射率が異なる材料からなる直線状の反射部材１が間隔を異ならせつつ互いに平行に配置されている。即ち、反射部材１は、上述した所定の間隔の範囲内で配設間隔が変調するように配置されており、図３では、反射部材１の配設間隔が疎になる部分と、反射部材１の配設間隔が密になる部分とが繰り返し方向に交互に存在している。なお、各反射部材１は、繰り返し方向（図１では左右方向）に直交する方向（図１では上下方向）に延在している。そして、反射部材１の配設間隔が変調している場合、広い波長帯域のミリ波または準ミリ波に対して高い反射率を得ることができる。 In addition, in the repetitive structure portion 10C of the marking structure shown in FIG. 3, the linear reflecting members 1 made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S are arranged on the installation surface S in parallel with each other at different intervals. Yes. That is, the reflecting member 1 is arranged so that the arrangement interval is modulated within the range of the predetermined interval described above. In FIG. The portions where the arrangement intervals are densely present alternately in the repeating direction. Each reflecting member 1 extends in a direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1) orthogonal to the repeating direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 1). And when the arrangement | positioning space | interval of the reflection member 1 is modulating, a high reflectance can be obtained with respect to the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave of a wide wavelength band.
　ここで、図３に示す標示構造のように繰り返し構造部１０Ｃ内における反射部材１の配設間隔を変調させる場合、反射部材１の配設間隔は、それぞれ、配設間隔の平均値の０．７倍以上１．３倍以下の範囲内であることが好ましい。配設間隔のバラツキが上記範囲内であれば、ミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーを用いてセンシングを行った際の反射波の受信強度を十分に高めることができる。 Here, when the arrangement interval of the reflection members 1 in the repetitive structure portion 10C is modulated as in the marking structure shown in FIG. 3, the arrangement interval of the reflection members 1 is 0. 0 of the average value of the arrangement intervals. It is preferably within the range of 7 to 1.3 times. If the variation in the arrangement interval is within the above range, the reception intensity of the reflected wave when sensing using millimeter wave radar or quasi-millimeter wave radar can be sufficiently increased.
　更に、上述した例では標示構造が繰り返し構造部を１つのみ有する場合について説明したが、標示構造は、図４に示すように、互いに離隔して配置された複数の繰り返し構造部を有していてもよい。標示構造が互いに離隔した複数の繰り返し構造部を有している場合、反射する波長帯域、ミリ波または準ミリ波の反射方向を広げ、ロバスト性を高めることができる。 Furthermore, in the above-described example, the case where the sign structure has only one repetitive structure portion has been described. However, as shown in FIG. 4, the sign structure has a plurality of repetitive structure portions arranged apart from each other. May be. When the marking structure has a plurality of repetitive structures separated from each other, the reflection wavelength band, the reflection direction of the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave can be widened, and the robustness can be improved.
　ここで、図４（ａ）に示す標示構造は、図４（ａ）では左右方向に互いに離隔して配置された複数（図示例では３つ）の繰り返し構造部１０Ｄ，１０Ｅ，１０Ｆを有している。そして、各繰り返し構造部１０Ｄ，１０Ｅ，１０Ｆは、設置面Ｓ上に設置面Ｓとは反射率が異なる材料からなる直線状の反射部材１が互いに平行に配置されてなる。即ち、反射部材１は、一定の周期で繰り返し配置されている。なお、各反射部材１は、繰り返し方向（図４（ａ）では左右方向）に直交する方向（図４（ａ）では上下方向）に延在している。そして、標示構造が反射部材の繰り返し方向に互いに離隔した複数の繰り返し構造部を有している場合、広い波長帯域のミリ波または準ミリ波に対して高い反射率を得ることができる。 Here, the marking structure shown in FIG. 4A has a plurality of (three in the illustrated example) repetitive structures 10D, 10E, and 10F that are spaced apart from each other in the left-right direction in FIG. 4A. ing. Each of the repetitive structures 10D, 10E, and 10F is configured such that the linear reflecting members 1 made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S are arranged in parallel on the installation surface S. That is, the reflecting member 1 is repeatedly arranged at a constant period. Each reflecting member 1 extends in a direction (vertical direction in FIG. 4A) orthogonal to the repeating direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 4A). When the marking structure has a plurality of repetitive structures separated from each other in the repetitive direction of the reflecting member, a high reflectance can be obtained for a millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave in a wide wavelength band.
　また、図４（ｂ）に示す標示構造は、図４（ｂ）では上下方向に互いに離隔して配置された複数（図示例では３つ）の繰り返し構造部１０Ｈ，１０Ｇ，１０Ｉを有している。そして、繰り返し構造部１０Ｈ，１０Ｉは、設置面Ｓ上に設置面Ｓとは反射率が異なる材料からなる直線状の反射部材１Ａが上述した所定の間隔で互いに平行に配置されてなる。具体的には、反射部材１Ａは、一定の周期で繰り返し配置されており、各反射部材１Ａは、繰り返し方向（図４（ｂ）では左右方向）に直交する方向に対して傾斜して延在している。また、繰り返し構造部１０Ｈ，１０Ｉの間に位置する繰り返し構造部１０Ｇは、設置面Ｓ上に設置面Ｓとは反射率が異なる材料からなる直線状の反射部材１が上述した所定の間隔で互いに平行に配置されてなる。具体的には、反射部材１は、一定の周期で繰り返し配置されており、各反射部材１は、繰り返し方向（図４（ｂ）では左右方向）に直交する方向に延在している。そして、標示構造が有する複数の繰り返し構造部間で反射部材の延在方向が異なる場合、ミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーを用いてセンシングを行った際の反射方向を広げ、ロバスト性を高めることができる。 4B includes a plurality of (three in the illustrated example) repetitive structure portions 10H, 10G, and 10I that are spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction in FIG. 4B. Yes. The repetitive structures 10H and 10I are formed by arranging, on the installation surface S, linear reflecting members 1A made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S in parallel with each other at the above-described predetermined interval. Specifically, the reflecting members 1A are repeatedly arranged at a constant cycle, and each reflecting member 1A extends while being inclined with respect to a direction orthogonal to the repeating direction (left-right direction in FIG. 4B). is doing. Further, the repetitive structure portion 10G located between the repetitive structure portions 10H and 10I has a linear reflecting member 1 made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S on the installation surface S with the above-described predetermined interval. It is arranged in parallel. Specifically, the reflecting members 1 are repeatedly arranged at a constant cycle, and each reflecting member 1 extends in a direction orthogonal to the repeating direction (left-right direction in FIG. 4B). And if the extending direction of the reflective member is different between the multiple repeating structures of the marking structure, the reflection direction when sensing using millimeter wave radar or quasi-millimeter wave radar is expanded, and robustness is increased. Can do.
　更に、図４（ｃ）に示す標示構造は、反射部材１の繰り返し方向が異なる複数の繰り返し構造部１０Ｊを有している。具体的には、各繰り返し構造部１０Ｊは、設置面Ｓ上に設置面Ｓとは反射率が異なる材料からなる直線状の反射部材１が上述した所定の間隔で互いに平行に配置されてなり、一定の周期で繰り返し配置された各反射部材１は、繰り返し方向に直交する方向に延在している。そして、標示構造が有する複数の繰り返し構造部間で反射部材の繰り返し方向が異なる場合、ミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーを用いてセンシングを行った際にあらゆる方向に高い反射率を得ることができる。 Furthermore, the marking structure shown in FIG. 4C has a plurality of repetitive structures 10J in which the repetitive directions of the reflecting member 1 are different. Specifically, each of the repetitive structure portions 10J is configured such that the linear reflecting members 1 made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S are arranged on the installation surface S in parallel with each other at the predetermined interval described above. Each of the reflecting members 1 repeatedly arranged at a constant period extends in a direction orthogonal to the repeating direction. And when the repetitive direction of the reflecting member is different between the plurality of repetitive structure portions of the marking structure, high reflectance can be obtained in all directions when sensing using millimeter wave radar or quasi-millimeter wave radar. .
　なお、反射部材の繰り返し方向が異なる複数の繰り返し構造部を有する場合、各繰り返し構造が有する反射部材の数は、５以上２０未満であることが好ましい。繰り返し構造部間で反射部材の繰り返し方向が異なる場合に、反射部材の数が５以上であれば、ミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーでのセンシングに必要な反射の指向性を十分に持たせることができる。また、反射部材の数が２０未満であれば、反射波の波長帯域と指向性に冗長性を与えることができる。 In addition, when it has several repeating structure parts from which the repeating direction of a reflecting member differs, it is preferable that the number of the reflecting members which each repeating structure has is 5 or more and less than 20. When the repetitive direction of the reflecting member is different between the repetitive structural parts, if the number of reflecting members is 5 or more, the directionality of reflection necessary for sensing with millimeter wave radar or quasi-millimeter wave radar should be sufficiently provided. Can do. If the number of reflecting members is less than 20, redundancy can be given to the wavelength band and directivity of the reflected wave.
　また、図４に示す例では、全ての繰り返し構造部において反射部材が一定の周期で配置されていたが、標示構造が反射部材の繰り返し方向が異なる複数の繰り返し構造部を有する場合、繰り返し配置された反射部材の周期は、少なくとも２つの繰り返し構造部間で異なっていてもよい。即ち、標示構造は、反射部材が第一の周期で繰り返し配置されている第一繰り返し構造部と、反射部材が第一の周期とは異なる第二の周期で繰り返し配置されている第二繰り返し構造部とを有していてもよい。反射部材が異なる周期で配置された第一繰り返し構造部および第二繰り返し構造部を有する場合、各繰り返し構造部がそれぞれの周期に応じたミリ波または準ミリ波を反射するため、広い波長帯域のミリ波または準ミリ波に対して高い反射率を得ることができる。 In the example shown in FIG. 4, the reflective members are arranged at a constant period in all the repetitive structures. However, when the marking structure has a plurality of repetitive structures having different repetitive directions of the reflective members, the repetitive members are repeatedly arranged. The period of the reflecting member may be different between at least two repetitive structures. That is, the marking structure includes a first repeating structure in which the reflecting member is repeatedly arranged at the first period, and a second repeating structure in which the reflecting member is repeatedly arranged at the second period different from the first period. May have a part. When the reflecting member has the first repeating structure part and the second repeating structure part arranged at different periods, each repeating structure part reflects a millimeter wave or a quasi-millimeter wave corresponding to each period, so that a wide wavelength band is obtained. High reflectivity can be obtained for millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
　更に、上述した例では、各繰り返し構造部内の反射部材が、同一の長さおよび幅を有する線状部材であったが、繰り返し構造部内の反射部材は、例えば図５～７に示すような形状であってもよい。 Further, in the above-described example, the reflecting member in each repeating structure portion is a linear member having the same length and width. However, the reflecting member in the repeating structure portion has a shape as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, for example. It may be.
　ここで、図５に示す標示構造の繰り返し構造部１０Ｋは、設置面Ｓとは反射率が異なる材料からなり、且つ、互いに長さが異なる直線状の反射部材１，１Ｃが、設置面Ｓ上に上述した所定の間隔で交互に配置されてなる。具体的には、反射部材１，１Ｃは、互いに平行に、且つ、長さ方向中央が同一直線上に位置するように、一定の周期で繰り返し配置されている。なお、各反射部材１，１Ｃは、繰り返し方向（図５では左右方向）に直交する方向（図５では上下方向）に延在している。そして、長さが異なる反射部材が交互に配置されている場合、ミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーを用いてセンシングを行った際の反射波の受信強度を更に高めることができる。
　なお、反射波の受信強度を高める観点からは、反射部材１と反射部材１Ｃとは等間隔で配置することが好ましい。また、同様の理由により、反射部材１の長さは、ミリ波または準ミリ波の波長の半分よりも長く、反射部材１Ｃの長さは、ミリ波または準ミリ波の波長の半分よりも短いことが好ましい。 Here, the repetitive structure portion 10K of the marking structure shown in FIG. 5 is made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S, and the linear reflecting members 1 and 1C having different lengths are arranged on the installation surface S. Are alternately arranged at the predetermined intervals described above. Specifically, the reflecting members 1 and 1C are repeatedly arranged at a constant period so that they are parallel to each other and the center in the length direction is located on the same straight line. Each of the reflecting members 1 and 1C extends in a direction (vertical direction in FIG. 5) orthogonal to the repeating direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 5). And when the reflecting member from which length differs is arrange | positioned alternately, the receiving intensity of the reflected wave at the time of sensing using a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar can further be raised.
Note that, from the viewpoint of increasing the reception intensity of the reflected wave, the reflecting member 1 and the reflecting member 1C are preferably arranged at equal intervals. For the same reason, the length of the reflecting member 1 is longer than half of the wavelength of the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave, and the length of the reflecting member 1C is shorter than half of the wavelength of the millimeter wave or quasi-millimeter wave. It is preferable.
　また、図６に示す標示構造の繰り返し構造部１０Ｌは、設置面Ｓとは反射率が異なる材料からなるドット状の反射部材１Ｄが、設置面Ｓ上に上述した所定の間隔で配置されてなる。具体的には、反射部材１Ｄは、図６では上下方向および左右方向の双方に、一定の周期で繰り返し配置されている。そして、ドット状の反射部材１Ｄが一定の周期で配置されている場合、ミリ波または準ミリ波を複数の方向に対して良好に反射することができる。 In addition, the repetitive structure portion 10L of the marking structure shown in FIG. 6 is configured such that the dot-shaped reflecting members 1D made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S are arranged on the installation surface S at the predetermined intervals described above. . Specifically, the reflecting member 1D is repeatedly arranged at a constant period in both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction in FIG. And when the dot-shaped reflection member 1D is arrange | positioned with a fixed period, a millimeter wave or a quasi-millimeter wave can be favorably reflected with respect to a some direction.
　更に、図７に示す標示構造の繰り返し構造部１０Ｍは、設置面Ｓとは反射率が異なる材料からなる直線状の反射部材１Ｅが上述した所定の間隔で繰り返し配置されてなる。具体的には、繰り返し構造部１０Ｍでは、図７では上下方向（繰り返し方向（図７では左右方向）に直交する方向）に並置された４つの反射部材１Ｅ（第１の反射部材列）と、図７では上下方向に並置された３つの反射部材１Ｅ（第２の反射部材列）とが、交互に、一定の周期で繰り返し配置されている。なお、図７の上下方向において、第２の反射部材列を構成する各反射部材１Ｅは、第１の反射部材列を構成する反射部材１Ｅの間に位置している。また、反射部材１Ｅは、図７では左右方向（繰り返し方向）に沿う方向に延在している。そして、図７に示す標示構造の繰り返し構造部１０Ｍによれば、左右方向に振動する偏波に対して、高い反射率を得ることができる。 Furthermore, the repetitive structure portion 10M of the marking structure shown in FIG. 7 is formed by repeatedly arranging the linear reflecting members 1E made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S at the predetermined intervals described above. Specifically, in the repeating structure portion 10M, in FIG. 7, four reflecting members 1E (first reflecting member row) juxtaposed in the vertical direction (direction orthogonal to the repeating direction (left and right direction in FIG. 7)); In FIG. 7, three reflecting members 1E (second reflecting member rows) juxtaposed in the vertical direction are alternately and repeatedly arranged at a constant period. In addition, in the up-down direction of FIG. 7, each reflecting member 1E that constitutes the second reflecting member row is located between the reflecting members 1E that constitute the first reflecting member row. Moreover, the reflecting member 1E extends in a direction along the left-right direction (repetition direction) in FIG. And according to the repeating structure part 10M of the marking structure shown in FIG. 7, a high reflectance can be obtained with respect to the polarization that vibrates in the left-right direction.
　更に、上述した例では、各反射部材が独立して存在している場合について示したが、繰り返し構造部内の反射部材は、例えば図８に示すように交差していてもよい。 Furthermore, although the case where each reflecting member exists independently in the above-described example, the reflecting member in the repetitive structure portion may intersect as shown in FIG. 8, for example.
　ここで、図８に示す標示構造では、設置面Ｓとは反射率が異なる材料からなる直線状の反射部材１を図８では左右方向に繰り返し配置してなる繰り返し構造部１０Ｎの反射部材１と、設置面Ｓとは反射率が異なる材料からなる直線状の反射部材１を図８では上下方向に繰り返し配置してなる繰り返し構造部１０Ｐの反射部材１とが格子状に交差している。即ち、図８に示す標示構造は、反射部材１の繰り返し方向が異なる複数の（図８では２つの）繰り返し構造部１０Ｎ，１０Ｐを有している。そして、標示構造が有する複数の繰り返し構造部間で反射部材の繰り返し方向が異なり、且つ、反射部材同士が交差して格子状になっている場合、ミリ波または準ミリ波を複数の方向（図示例では２方向）に対して良好に反射することができる。 Here, in the marking structure shown in FIG. 8, the linear reflecting member 1 made of a material having a reflectance different from that of the installation surface S is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction in FIG. In FIG. 8, the linear reflecting member 1 made of a material having a different reflectance from the installation surface S is repeatedly arranged in the vertical direction in FIG. That is, the marking structure shown in FIG. 8 has a plurality of (two in FIG. 8) repeating structures 10N and 10P in which the reflecting direction of the reflecting member 1 is different. When the repetitive direction of the reflecting member is different between the plurality of repetitive structure portions of the marking structure and the reflecting members cross each other in a lattice shape, millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves are transmitted in a plurality of directions (see FIG. In the example shown, it can be reflected well in two directions.
＜カバー層＞
　そして、本発明の標示構造において、繰り返し構造部は、ミリ波または準ミリ波に対して透過性を有するカバー層で覆われていてもよい。 <Cover layer>
In the marking structure of the present invention, the repetitive structure portion may be covered with a cover layer that is permeable to millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
　具体的には、図９に反射部材１の繰り返し方向に沿う断面の構造を示すように、反射部材１を繰り返し配置してなる繰り返し構造部は、カバー層３で覆われていてもよい。なお、図９では、標示構造を付与する構造物の表面Ｓの上に設けられた下塗り層２上に反射部材１が設けられている場合を示しているが、本発明は図９に示す形態に限定されるものではない。 Specifically, as shown in the cross-sectional structure along the repeating direction of the reflecting member 1 in FIG. 9, the repeated structure portion formed by repeatedly arranging the reflecting member 1 may be covered with the cover layer 3. In addition, in FIG. 9, although the case where the reflection member 1 is provided on the undercoat layer 2 provided on the surface S of the structure which provides a marking structure is shown, this invention is the form shown in FIG. It is not limited to.
　ここで、カバー層としては、特に限定されることなく、例えば、接着層を有するシートや、合成樹脂、顔料、体質材および可塑剤を含む塗料からなる層などが挙げられる。
　中でも、カバー層は、繰り返し構造部を可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方に対して隠蔽する層であることが好ましい。繰り返し構造部を可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方に対して隠蔽すれば、運転者、並びに、自動車に搭載された他のセンサ（例えば、可視光カメラ、赤外線カメラ、赤外光のレーザーレーダー等）に誤認識を与えることを防ぐことができる。なお、繰り返し構造部を可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方に対して隠蔽する層は、染料、顔料または光散乱性を有する材料を含有させることで形成することができる。
　また、カバー層は、可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方を吸収する層であることが好ましい。可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方を吸収すれば、運転者、並びに、自動車に搭載された他のセンサ（例えば、可視光カメラ、赤外線カメラ、赤外光のレーザーレーダー等）に誤認識を与えることを防ぐことができる。なお、可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方を吸収する層は、染料または顔料を含有させることで形成することができる。 Here, the cover layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a sheet having an adhesive layer, and a layer made of a coating material including a synthetic resin, a pigment, an extender, and a plasticizer.
Especially, it is preferable that a cover layer is a layer which hides a repeating structure part with respect to at least one of visible light and infrared light. If the repetitive structure is concealed from at least one of visible light and infrared light, the driver and other sensors mounted on the vehicle (for example, visible light camera, infrared camera, infrared laser radar, etc.) ) Can be prevented from being misrecognized. In addition, the layer which conceals a repeating structure part with respect to at least one of visible light and infrared light can be formed by containing dye, a pigment, or the material which has light-scattering property.
The cover layer is preferably a layer that absorbs at least one of visible light and infrared light. Absorbing at least one of visible light and infrared light gives false recognition to the driver and other sensors (for example, a visible light camera, an infrared camera, an infrared laser radar, etc.) mounted on the automobile. Can be prevented. The layer that absorbs at least one of visible light and infrared light can be formed by containing a dye or a pigment.
＜構造物＞
　そして、上述した標示構造を設ける構造物としては、特に限定されることなく、例えば、走行路の区画線や停止線等の路面標示；縁石、遮断機、防護柵（ガードレール、ガードパイプ等）、ラバーポール、距離標、照明灯、電柱、信号機、信号柱、道路標識および道路標識柱等の道路付属物；並びに、塀や外壁等の建造物；などが挙げられる。 <Structure>
And as a structure which provides the above-mentioned marking structure, it is not specifically limited, For example, road surface markings, such as a division line of a runway, a stop line; curbstone, a circuit breaker, a protection fence (a guardrail, a guard pipe, etc.), Examples include road poles such as rubber poles, distance markers, lighting lamps, electric poles, traffic lights, signal poles, road signs and road sign poles, and buildings such as fences and outer walls.
　なお、これらの構造物に対してカバー層を有する標示構造を設ける場合、カバー層は、設置面よりも、可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方の反射率が高いことが好ましい。カバー層の可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方に対する反射率が設置面よりも高ければ、カバー層が可視光および／または赤外光に対する標示構造としての機能を兼ね備えることができ、運転者、並びに、可視光カメラ、赤外光カメラおよび赤外光のレーザーレーダー等でも検知が可能な冗長性の高い標示構造となる。 In addition, when providing the marking structure which has a cover layer with respect to these structures, it is preferable that the cover layer has the reflectance of at least one of visible light and infrared light higher than an installation surface. If the reflectance of at least one of visible light and infrared light of the cover layer is higher than the installation surface, the cover layer can have a function as a marking structure for visible light and / or infrared light, and the driver, It becomes a highly redundant marking structure that can be detected by a visible light camera, an infrared light camera, an infrared light laser radar, or the like.
　また、標示構造をミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーなどのレーダーを用いたセンシングの対象として自動運転システムや運転支援システムに活用する場合には、標示構造は、反射部材の繰り返し方向が車両の走行方向と平行な繰り返し構造部を少なくとも一つ有することが好ましい。 In addition, when the sign structure is used in an automatic driving system or driving support system as a sensing object using radar such as millimeter wave radar or quasi-millimeter wave radar, the sign structure has a repetitive direction of the reflecting member when the vehicle is running. It is preferable to have at least one repeating structure portion parallel to the direction.
（路面標示）
　ここで、上述した標示構造を用いた路面標示としては、例えば、図１０に車両の走行方向と平行な断面を示すような路面標示が挙げられる。図１０に示す路面標示は、路面２０上に設けた下塗り層２の表面に反射部材１を車両の走行方向が繰り返し方向になるように繰り返し配置し、更に、カバー層となる白線４を下塗り層２および反射部材１の上に設けてなる。また、白線４の表層部には、白線４の視認性を高める観点から、ガラスビーズ５等の可視光の再帰反射材や赤外光反射材（図示せず）が設けられている。 (Road marking)
Here, as the road marking using the above-described marking structure, for example, a road marking that shows a cross section parallel to the traveling direction of the vehicle in FIG. In the road marking shown in FIG. 10, the reflecting member 1 is repeatedly arranged on the surface of the undercoat layer 2 provided on the road surface 20 so that the traveling direction of the vehicle is the repeat direction, and the white line 4 serving as the cover layer is further provided as the undercoat layer. 2 and the reflecting member 1. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the visibility of the white line 4, a visible retroreflection material such as a glass bead 5 or an infrared light reflection material (not shown) is provided on the surface layer portion of the white line 4.
　そして、この路面標示では、走行する車両からミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーなどのレーダーを用いてセンシングを行うことにより、強度の高い反射波を得ることができる。 And in this road marking, a reflected wave with high intensity can be obtained by sensing using a radar such as a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar from a traveling vehicle.
（道路付属物）
　また、上述した標示構造を用いた道路付属物としては、特に限定されることなく、例えば、図１１に示すようなガードレール３０、図１２に示すような縁石４０、図１３に示すような電柱５０が挙げられる。 (Road accessories)
Moreover, it does not specifically limit as a road accessory using the marking structure mentioned above, For example, the guardrail 30 as shown in FIG. 11, the curb 40 as shown in FIG. 12, the utility pole 50 as shown in FIG. Is mentioned.
　ここで、図１１に示すガードレール３０は、反射部材の繰り返し方向が車両の走行方向と平行な繰り返し構造部１０がビーム部分に設けられている。
　そして、このガードレール３０では、走行する車両からミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーなどのレーダーを用いてセンシングを行うことにより、強度の高い反射波を得ることができる。 Here, the guard rail 30 shown in FIG. 11 is provided with a repetitive structure portion 10 in which the repetitive direction of the reflecting member is parallel to the traveling direction of the vehicle in the beam portion.
The guardrail 30 can obtain a reflected wave with high intensity by sensing from a traveling vehicle using a radar such as a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar.
　また、図１２に示す縁石４０は、反射部材の繰り返し方向が車両の走行方向と平行な繰り返し構造部１０が表面および側面に設けられている。
　そして、この縁石４０では、走行する車両からミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーなどのレーダーを用いてセンシングを行うことにより、強度の高い反射波を得ることができる。 In addition, the curbstone 40 shown in FIG. 12 is provided with a repetitive structure 10 on the surface and side surfaces in which the repetitive direction of the reflecting member is parallel to the traveling direction of the vehicle.
The curb 40 can obtain a reflected wave with high intensity by sensing from a traveling vehicle using a radar such as a millimeter wave radar or a quasi-millimeter wave radar.
　更に、図１３に示す電柱５０は、反射部材の繰り返し方向が車両の走行方向と平行な繰り返し構造部１０が周方向に沿って表面に設けられている。
　そして、この電柱５０では、走行する車両からミリ波レーダーや準ミリ波レーダーなどのレーダーを用いてセンシングを行うことにより、強度の高い反射波を得ることができる。 Furthermore, the utility pole 50 shown in FIG. 13 is provided with a repeating structure 10 on the surface along the circumferential direction, in which the repeating direction of the reflecting member is parallel to the traveling direction of the vehicle.
And in this utility pole 50, a reflected wave with high intensity | strength can be obtained by sensing using the radars, such as a millimeter wave radar and a quasi-millimeter wave radar, from the vehicle which drive | works.
　本発明の標示構造によれば、ミリ波または準ミリ波を用いたレーダーでセンシングを行った際に反射波の受信強度を高めることができる。
　また、本発明によれば、ミリ波または準ミリ波を用いたレーダーで良好にセンシングし得る路面標示、道路付属物および建造物を提供することができる。 According to the marking structure of the present invention, the reception intensity of the reflected wave can be increased when sensing is performed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide road markings, road accessories, and buildings that can be satisfactorily sensed by a radar using millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves.
１，１Ａ，１Ｂ，１Ｃ，１Ｄ，１Ｅ　反射部材
２　下塗り層
３　カバー層
４　白線
５　ガラスビーズ
１０，１０Ａ，１０Ｂ，１０Ｃ，１０Ｄ，１０Ｅ，１０Ｆ，１０Ｇ，１０Ｈ，１０Ｉ，１０Ｊ，１０Ｋ，１０Ｌ，１０Ｍ，１０Ｎ，１０Ｐ　繰り返し構造部
２０　路面
３０　ガードレール
４０　縁石
５０　電柱
Ｓ　設置面 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E Reflective member 2 Undercoat layer 3 Cover layer 4 White wire 5 Glass beads 10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F, 10G, 10H, 10I, 10J, 10K, 10L, 10M, 10N, 10P Repeating structure 20 Road surface 30 Guard rail 40 Curb stone 50 Power pole S Installation surface

Claims (25)

  1. 　ミリ波または準ミリ波を反射する反射部材を０．２ｍｍ以上４０ｍｍ以下の間隔で繰り返し配置してなる繰り返し構造部を有する、標示構造。 A sign structure having a repetitive structure portion in which reflecting members that reflect millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves are repeatedly arranged at intervals of 0.2 mm to 40 mm.
  2. 　前記反射部材は、高さが３ｍｍ以下である、請求項１に記載の標示構造。 The marking structure according to claim 1, wherein the reflecting member has a height of 3 mm or less.
  3. 　前記反射部材は、複素比誘電率の実部が負である、請求項１または２に記載の標示構造。 The sign structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reflecting member has a negative real part of a complex relative dielectric constant.
  4. 　前記反射部材は、金属を含む、請求項３に記載の標示構造。 The sign structure according to claim 3, wherein the reflecting member includes a metal.
  5. 　前記反射部材は、複素比誘電率の実部が５以上である、請求項１または２に記載の標示構造。 The sign structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reflective member has a real part of a complex relative dielectric constant of 5 or more.
  6. 　前記反射部材は、複素比透磁率の実部が１超である、請求項１または２に記載の標示構造。 The sign structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reflecting member has a real part of complex relative permeability exceeding 1.
  7. 　前記反射部材は、複素比透磁率の実部が負である、請求項１または２に記載の標示構造。 The sign structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reflective member has a negative real part of complex relative permeability.
  8. 　前記繰り返し構造部内で、前記反射部材が一定の周期で繰り返し配置されている、請求項１～７の何れかに記載の標示構造。 The marking structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the reflecting member is repeatedly arranged at a constant period in the repeating structure portion.
  9. 　前記繰り返し構造部内で、前記反射部材の配設間隔が変調している、請求項１～７の何れかに記載の標示構造。 The marking structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an arrangement interval of the reflecting members is modulated in the repetitive structure portion.
  10. 　前記繰り返し構造部内における前記反射部材の配設間隔が、配設間隔の平均値の０．７倍以上１．３倍以下の範囲内である、請求項９に記載の標示構造。 The marking structure according to claim 9, wherein an arrangement interval of the reflecting members in the repeating structure portion is in a range of 0.7 times to 1.3 times an average value of the arrangement intervals.
  11. 　前記反射部材が第一の周期で繰り返し配置されている第一繰り返し構造部と、前記反射部材が前記第一の周期とは異なる第二の周期で繰り返し配置されている第二繰り返し構造部とを有する、請求項１～７の何れかに記載の標示構造。 A first repeating structure in which the reflecting member is repeatedly arranged in a first period; and a second repeating structure in which the reflecting member is repeatedly arranged in a second period different from the first period. The marking structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
  12. 　繰り返し方向が異なる複数の繰り返し構造部を有する、請求項１～７の何れかに記載の標示構造。 The marking structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the marking structure has a plurality of repeating structures having different repeating directions.
  13. 　前記繰り返し構造部内に、５以上２０未満の反射部材が含まれる、請求項１２に記載の標示構造。 The sign structure according to claim 12, wherein 5 or more and less than 20 reflective members are included in the repetitive structure portion.
  14. 　前記反射部材が線状部材である、請求項１～１３の何れかに記載の標示構造。 The marking structure according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the reflecting member is a linear member.
  15. 　前記線状部材が直線状部材である、請求項１４に記載の標示構造。 The sign structure according to claim 14, wherein the linear member is a linear member.
  16. 　前記線状部材が曲線状部材である、請求項１４に記載の標示構造。 The marking structure according to claim 14, wherein the linear member is a curved member.
  17. 　ミリ波または準ミリ波に対して透過性を有し、且つ、前記繰り返し構造部を覆うカバー層を有する、請求項１～１６の何れかに記載の標示構造。 The marking structure according to any one of claims 1 to 16, further comprising a cover layer that is transparent to millimeter waves or quasi-millimeter waves and covers the repetitive structure portion.
  18. 　前記カバー層は、前記繰り返し構造部を可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方に対して隠蔽する層である、請求項１７に記載の標示構造。 The sign structure according to claim 17, wherein the cover layer is a layer that hides the repetitive structure portion from at least one of visible light and infrared light.
  19. 　前記カバー層は、可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方を吸収する、請求項１７に記載の標示構造。 The sign structure according to claim 17, wherein the cover layer absorbs at least one of visible light and infrared light.
  20. 　請求項１～１９の何れかに記載の標示構造を備える、路面標示。 A road marking comprising the marking structure according to any one of claims 1 to 19.
  21. 　請求項１７～１９の何れかに記載の標示構造を備え、
    　前記カバー層は、設置面よりも、可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方の反射率が高い、路面標示。     A marking structure according to any one of claims 17 to 19,
    The cover layer is a road marking that has a higher reflectance of at least one of visible light and infrared light than an installation surface.
  22. 　請求項１～１９の何れかに記載の標示構造を備える、道路付属物。 A road accessory comprising the marking structure according to any one of claims 1 to 19.
  23. 　請求項１７～１９の何れかに記載の標示構造を備え、
    　前記カバー層は、設置面よりも、可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方の反射率が高い、道路付属物。     A marking structure according to any one of claims 17 to 19,
    The cover layer is a road accessory having a higher reflectance of at least one of visible light and infrared light than an installation surface.
  24. 　請求項１～１９の何れかに記載の標示構造を備える、建造物。 A building comprising the marking structure according to any one of claims 1 to 19.
  25. 　請求項１７～１９の何れかに記載の標示構造を備え、
    　前記カバー層は、設置面よりも、可視光および赤外光の少なくとも一方の反射率が高い、建造物。     A marking structure according to any one of claims 17 to 19,
    The cover layer is a building having a higher reflectance of at least one of visible light and infrared light than an installation surface.
PCT/JP2019/017081 2018-04-27 2019-04-22 Marking structure, road marker, road furniture, and construct WO2019208515A1 (en)

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