WO2019205846A1 - 一种小型化三频段单向辐射天线 - Google Patents

一种小型化三频段单向辐射天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019205846A1
WO2019205846A1 PCT/CN2019/079183 CN2019079183W WO2019205846A1 WO 2019205846 A1 WO2019205846 A1 WO 2019205846A1 CN 2019079183 W CN2019079183 W CN 2019079183W WO 2019205846 A1 WO2019205846 A1 WO 2019205846A1
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Prior art keywords
quasi
miniaturized
bent
metal plate
metal
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PCT/CN2019/079183
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English (en)
French (fr)
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蒋之浩
洪伟
余超
张雷
张彦
蔡龙珠
郑司斗
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东南大学
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Publication of WO2019205846A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019205846A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/285—Aircraft wire antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/18—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/106—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using two or more intersecting plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of electronic devices of wireless communication systems, and particularly relates to a miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiation antenna, which supports almost all wireless communication services below 6 GHz, and is suitable for airport high-speed communication, broadband multi-mode software radio communication, fifth generation mobile communication. , in-vehicle communications and other fields.
  • the transmission of such data mainly relies on the flight personnel or the ground crew to manually bring the flight data storage disk to the airport after the aircraft stops, and then, before taking off, store the data required for the next flight with the data storage tape. board the plane.
  • This method is inefficient and labor intensive and will not meet the needs of future giant airports.
  • the terminal has limited parking space, many aircraft must be docked at a remote location, which will greatly increase the time cost of manually transmitting data, which can lead to delays in aircraft travel. Therefore, data exchange between the aircraft and the airport control center must be resolved in a reliable high-speed wireless communication.
  • a promising solution is to deploy a portable multi-mode software radio in each aircraft, using commercial wireless services (such as GSM, Wifi, WiMAX, 3G, 4G/LTE, 5G, etc.) ) Interconnect with the airport control center for data upload and download.
  • commercial wireless services such as GSM, Wifi, WiMAX, 3G, 4G/LTE, 5G, etc.
  • these commercial wireless channels will become overcrowded.
  • the multi-mode software radios equipped on the aircraft must be able to be switched to other frequency bands for data transmission, including 0.7–2.7 GHz.
  • the non-commercial band between the two, and the recently announced AeroMacs band at 5.12–5.13 GHz. This requires that the software radio must carry a miniaturized antenna that covers the 0.7–2.7 GHz, 3.3–3.6 GHz, and 5.1–6 GHz bands.
  • the antenna since the base station or hotspot of the airport is located outside the aircraft, the antenna also needs to have a unidirectional radiation pattern in these frequency bands.
  • directional multi-frequency antennas and directional broadband/ultra-wideband antennas have been extensively studied, there is currently no antenna that can cover multiple frequency bands containing one ultra-wideband, and at the same time have compact electrical dimensions and unidirectional radiation characteristics.
  • the present invention provides a miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiation antenna.
  • the antenna consists of a quasi-L-shaped metal plate and a metal bent monopole located below it.
  • the total electrical dimension does not exceed 0.12 ⁇ ⁇ 0.16 ⁇ ⁇ 0.09 ⁇ , and the volume is very compact. It can cover three frequency bands of 0.7–2.7GHz, 3.3–3.6GHz, and 5.1–6GHz to support almost all wireless communication services below 6GHz, and has better unidirectional radiation characteristics in these three operating bands. .
  • a miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiation antenna of the present invention comprises a quasi-L-shaped metal plate, a metal bent monopole, a metal floor, and a coaxial waveguide feed line; wherein, the vertical portion of the quasi-L-shaped metal plate The bottom is connected to the metal floor, the central portion of the vertical portion is inwardly recessed, and the lower portions of the vertical portion are bent inward; the horizontal portions of the quasi-L-shaped metal plate are bent inwardly; the metal bent monopole is located in the quasi-L shape
  • the horizontal part of the metal plate is vertically disposed on the metal floor, the lower part of the metal bent monopole is a triangular impedance matching part, the metal bent monopole is engraved with a three-dimensional U-shaped groove; the coaxial waveguide feed line is located on the metal At the middle circular hole at the bottom of the floor, the inner conductor of the coaxial waveguide feed line is connected to the bottom of the metal bent monopole.
  • said quasi-horizontal portion of the L-shaped metal plate of length L P, width W p, the vertical portion is high H p, L p value of less than 0.12 ⁇ , W p value of less than 0.16 ⁇ , H p The value is less than 0.09 ⁇ , and ⁇ is the vacuum wavelength of the lowest operating frequency of the antenna.
  • the horizontal portion of the quasi-L-shaped metal plate is bent inwardly on both sides, and the width of the bent portion is H s , and the value of H s is less than 0.01 ⁇ .
  • the vertical portion of the quasi-L-shaped metal plate is recessed inward, the depth of the recess W f , the length of the recessed portion H f , W f ranges from 0.01 ⁇ to 0.04 ⁇ , and the range of H f ranges from 0.01 ⁇ to 0.08 ⁇ .
  • the lower part of the vertical portion of the quasi-L-shaped metal plate is bent inwardly, the height of the bent portion is H b , the width of the bent portion is W b , and the value of H b ranges from 0.01 ⁇ to 0.04 ⁇ , W b The value ranges from 0.01 ⁇ to 0.04 ⁇ .
  • the height of the metal bent monopole is H m
  • the upper width is W m
  • the value of H m must be less than H p
  • the value of W m must be less than W p , that is, the metal bent monopole and the quasi-L-shaped metal
  • the board has no electrical connections.
  • the metal bent monopole is engraved with a three-dimensional U-shaped groove, the total length of the three-dimensional U-shaped groove is L u , and the three-dimensional U-shaped groove width is Wu .
  • the horizontal distance between the quasi-L-shaped metal plate and the metal bent monopole is D, and the value of D ranges from 0.05 ⁇ to 0.08 ⁇ .
  • the coaxial waveguide feed line is a 50 ohm coaxial waveguide.
  • the metal floor should be larger than 0.16 ⁇ 2 and the floor shape can be square, round, or other shape.
  • the lowest operating frequency band of the antenna is an ultra-wideband with a relative bandwidth of 4:1.
  • the antenna can form a stop band in three operating frequency bands by engraving on a quasi-L-shaped metal plate and a metal bent monopole, and an adjustable stop band can be realized by adding active devices.
  • the present invention provides a miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiation antenna, which has advantages over the prior art in that:
  • the first working frequency band is an ultra-wide band with a relative bandwidth of 4:1.
  • the antenna can cover 0.7–2.7 GHz, 3.3–3.6 GHz, and 5.1–6 GHz simultaneously, thus supporting almost all wireless communication services in the frequency band below 6 GHz.
  • the multiple working frequency bands of the antenna have a large span and a wide bandwidth.
  • this antenna provides an additional operating frequency band based on an ultra-wideband.
  • the current path is effectively increased by inwardly bending the sides of the water portion of the L-shaped metal plate, inwardly recessing the central portion of the vertical portion, and bending inwardly at both sides of the lower portion of the vertical portion.
  • the length and the electrical width of the metal plate as the radiating portion.
  • the metal monopole which serves as both a feed and a radiating portion, is bent, and its electrical height is effectively increased while maintaining a low profile.
  • This antenna also has one-way radiation in the case of a compact electrical size and three operating bands including ultra-wideband. Since the multi-mode software radio is intended to be placed in the windshield of the aircraft cockpit, unidirectional radiation can reduce multipath signal attenuation due to reflections in the metal walls of the cockpit. Although there are many miniaturized UWB antennas, they are basically based on monopole antennas, so they are omnidirectional radiation on the H side.
  • the antenna is made of a thin metal plate, the loss is very low, and the radiation efficiency is higher than 98% in its working frequency band.
  • Figure 1 shows a three-dimensional structure of the antenna of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of the antenna of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows the simulated and measured reflection coefficients of the miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiating antenna
  • Figure 4 shows the simulated and measured xz in-plane normalized far-field radiation pattern of the miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiating antenna; where a is a 0.7 GHz pattern, b is a 1.7 GHz pattern, and c is 2.7 GHz.
  • the pattern, d is the 3.5 GHz pattern, e is the 5.1 GHz pattern, and f is the 5.8 GHz pattern;
  • Figure 5 shows the simulated and measured gain curves for the miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiating antenna.
  • the picture has:
  • a miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiating antenna of the present invention comprises a quasi-L-shaped metal plate 1 and a metal bent monopole 2.
  • the bottom of the quasi-L-shaped metal plate 1 is electrically connected to the metal floor 3, and the metal bent monopole 2 is located below the quasi-L-shaped metal plate 1, and is vertically disposed on the metal floor 3.
  • the antenna adopts the traditional coaxial waveguide feeding mode, and the characteristic impedance is 50 ohms.
  • the metal bent monopole 2 is fed from the bottom of the metal floor 3, and the inner conductor of the coaxial waveguide feed line 4 and the bottom of the metal bent monopole 2 Connected.
  • the length L p and the height H p of the quasi-L-shaped metal plate 1 determine the lowest operating frequency of the antenna.
  • the working mode of the antenna is similar to that of a short-circuit patch antenna fed by an inductive probe, L p +H p It should be about a quarter of a wavelength, and the antenna can only operate with a narrow band of about 5% bandwidth around 0.75 GHz.
  • the metal bent monopole 2 can effectively radiate at high frequencies, thereby increasing a working frequency band, covering 5.1–6 GHz, thereby realizing a dual-band antenna.
  • the bandwidth of the first working frequency band can be expanded, and the bandwidth is widened from 20% to About 90%, covering 0.7–2.7GHz.
  • the quasi-L-shaped metal plate 1 is responsible for radiation.
  • the metal bending monopole 2 is only a feeding portion, and is high in the first operating frequency band.
  • the metal bent monopole 2 becomes the main radiation source, and the quasi-L-shaped metal plate 1 becomes a reflector, thereby improving the orientation of the antenna.
  • a folded monopole carved grooves 2b on the three-dimensional U-shaped metal 2 L u may be twice its overall length at wavelength Resonance is formed near the frequency to achieve good impedance matching.
  • the quasi-L-shaped metal plate 1 is mainly used as a reflector to improve the orientation of the antenna.
  • the bandwidth of this band can be controlled by changing the three-dimensional U-shaped groove width W u 2b, the bandwidth W u increases becomes wider.
  • a half-wavelength resonant structure having other geometries can also be used.
  • the water portions of the L-shaped metal plate 1 are aligned and bent inwardly, and the bending width is H s , and the value of H s is less than 0.02 ⁇ ; the L-shaped metal plate 1 is aligned.
  • the central portion of the vertical portion is recessed inward, the depth of the recess W f , the length of the recessed portion L f , W f ranges from 0.01 ⁇ to 0.04 ⁇ , and the range of L f ranges from 0.01 ⁇ to 0.08 ⁇ ;
  • the lower part of the vertical part of the L-shaped metal plate 1 is bent inwardly, the height of the bent part is H b , the width of the bent part is W b , and the range of H b is 0.01 ⁇ - 0.04 ⁇ , and the W b is taken.
  • the values range from 0.01 ⁇ to 0.04 ⁇ ; these methods effectively increase the current path length and the electrical width of the metal plate as the radiating portion, which can be reduced by 20% - 30%.
  • the metal floor 3 size should be greater than 0.16 ⁇ 2 and the floor shape can be square, round, or other shape. Since the antennas are all made of sheet metal, which can be copper, aluminum, or other metals, the loss is low and the radiation efficiency is high. In addition, by grooved on the quasi-L-shaped metal plate 1 and the metal bent monopole 2, a stop band can be formed in three operating frequency bands, and by adding active devices, an adjustable stop band can be realized.
  • 1 and 2 show a schematic diagram of the miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiating antenna.
  • the volume of the antenna does not exceed 0.12 ⁇ ⁇ 0.16 ⁇ ⁇ 0.09 ⁇ , which is very compact, and ⁇ is the vacuum wavelength of the lowest operating frequency of the antenna.
  • Figure 3 shows the simulated and measured reflection coefficients of the miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiating antenna. It can be seen that the results of the simulation and experiment are very consistent.
  • the antenna has a reflection coefficient of less than -10 dB in the three frequency ranges of 0.71 - 2.87 GHz, 3.27 - 3.62 GHz, and 5.04 - 5.92 GHz.
  • the first frequency band with the lowest frequency has a relative bandwidth of more than 4: 1, which proves that the antenna is Impedance matching is well achieved in the target band.
  • Figure 4 shows the y-z plane simulation and the measured normalized far field radiation pattern of the miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiating antenna. It can be seen from the figure that at the lowest frequency end, since the electrical size of the antenna is much smaller than the wavelength, the antenna covers almost the upper half space, and the radiation in the lower half space is weak. In the frequency band above 1.0 GHz, the radiation pattern of the antenna covers a quarter of the space from -y to +z, and the radiation in the lower half space and the +y direction is weak, and has good unidirectional radiation characteristics. At the same time, the antenna cross-polarization is less than -18 dB in three operating bands.
  • Figure 5 shows the simulated and measured gain curves for the miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiating antenna. As can be seen from the figure, the results of the simulation and experiment are very consistent.
  • the miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiating antenna has a gain greater than 4.0 dBi and a maximum increase of 7.1 dBi in the frequency ranges of 0.71 - 2.87 GHz, 3.27 - 3.62 GHz, and 5.04 - 5.92 GHz. And the radiation efficiency is greater than 98%.
  • the present invention provides a miniaturized three-band unidirectional radiating antenna having three operating frequency bands, wherein the first frequency band is ultra-wideband, and further, the antenna has low cross-polarization and small volume.
  • Unidirectional radiation, low cost, high radiation efficiency, etc. have important application prospects in the fields of high-speed airport communication, broadband multi-mode software radio communication, fifth-generation mobile communication, and vehicle communication.

Abstract

本发明公开一种小型化三频段单向辐射天线。所述天线的准L形金属板(1)底部与金属地板 (3)相连，准L形金属板 (1)的水平部分两侧向内弯折、垂直部分中部向内凹陷、垂直部分下部两侧向内弯折，金属弯折单极子 (2)位于准L形金属板 (1)下方并垂直设置在金属地板 (3)上，金属弯折单极子 (2)的下部为三角形阻抗匹配部分 (2a)，金属弯折单极子 (2)上刻有一个三维U形槽 (2b)，同轴波导馈电线 (4)位于金属地板 (3)底部的圆孔处，同轴波导馈电线 (4)的内导体与金属弯折单极子 (2)底部相连。利用本发明的结构，可以实现具有高辐射效率的小型化三频段单向辐射天线，其中，最低的工作频段是一个相对带宽可达4：1的超宽频带。

Description

一种小型化三频段单向辐射天线 技术领域
本发明属于无线通信系统电子器件领域，具体涉及一种小型化三频段单向辐射天线，支持6GHz以下几乎所有无线通信服务，适用于机场高速通信、宽带多模式软件无线电通信、第五代移动通信、车载通信等领域。
背景技术
随着民航技术的成熟和航空服务业的普及，越来越多的人将乘坐飞机作为中远距出行的首选。为了飞机飞行的安全性，当飞机降落在空港后到下一次起飞之间，机场控制中心与飞机需要进行大量的数据交互，包括飞机在飞行过程中记录的技术数据，以及航空公司需要传给飞机的下段飞行的导航信息、旅客信息以及娱乐影院等相关数据。对于大型空港，每天的航空吞吐量巨大，而且，多数民航客机在机场中的停留时间较短暂，在某些情况下甚至仅有45分钟左右，这就要求飞机与机场控制中心之间的数据互传必须在很短的时间内完成。
目前，这类数据的传递主要依靠飞行人员或地勤人员在飞机停靠后将飞行数据存储盘人工带至机场内，然后，在起飞之前，再将存储着下段飞行所需的数据用数据存储盘带上飞机。这种方法效率低，且人工成本较高，将无法满足未来巨型空港的需求。此外，因为候机楼的停机位有限，许多飞机必须停靠在远机位，这将大大增加人工传递数据的时间成本，可导致飞机行程的延误。因此，飞机与机场控制中心之间的数据交换必须以可靠的高速无线通信的方式来解决。
一个较有希望的解决方案是在每个飞机内配置一套可携带的多模式软件无线电设备，利用机场本身配备的商用无线服务(如GSM、Wifi、WiMAX、3G、4G/LTE、5G等等)与机场控制中心互连，进行数据的上传和下载。然而，当机场人流较大时，这些商用无线通道将变得拥挤不堪，此时，飞机上所配备的多模式软件无线电设备必须还能被切换到其它频段进行数据互传，包括0.7–2.7GHz之间的非商用频段、以及最近颁布的位于5.12–5.13GHz的AeroMacs频段。这就要求此软件无线电设备必须携带可以覆盖0.7–2.7GHz、3.3–3.6GHz、以及5.1–6GHz频段的小型化天线。同时，由于机场的基站或热点位于飞机外部，此天线还需要在这些频段内具有单向辐射方向图。虽然定向多频天线和定向宽带/超宽带天线被大量研究，目前却没有一款天线可以对上述含有一个超宽带的多个频段进行覆盖，且同时具有紧凑的电尺寸和单向辐射特性。
发明内容
技术问题：为了解决多模式软件无线电设备所需的天线问题，本发明提供一种小型化三频段单向辐射天线。该天线由一个准L形金属板和一个位于其下方的金属弯折单极子组成，总的电尺寸不超过0.12λ×0.16λ×0.09λ，体积非常紧凑。其可以同时覆盖0.7–2.7GHz、3.3–3.6GHz、以及5.1–6GHz这三个频段，以支持6GHz以下几乎所有的无线通信服务，并且在这三个工作频段内具有较好的单向辐射特性。
技术方案：本发明一种小型化三频段单向辐射天线包括一个准L形金属板、金属弯折单极子、金属地板、以及同轴波导馈电线；其中，准L形金属板垂直部分的底部与金属地板相连，垂直部分的中部向内凹陷、垂直部分的下部两侧向内弯折；准L形金属板的水平部分两侧向内弯折；金属弯折单极子位于准L形金属板水平部分的下方并垂直设置在金属地板上，金属弯折单极子的下部为三角形阻抗匹配部分，金属弯折单极子上刻有一个三维U形槽；同轴波导馈电线位于金属地板底部的中间圆孔处，同轴波导馈电线的内导体与金属弯折单极子底部相连。
其中，所述准L形金属板水平部分的长为L p、宽为W p、垂直部分的高为H p，L p的取值小于0.12λ，W p的取值小于0.16λ，H p的取值小于0.09λ，λ为天线最低工作频点的真空波长。
所述准L形金属板的水平部分两侧向内弯折，弯折部分宽度为H s，H s的取值小于0.01λ。
所述准L形金属板的垂直部分中部向内凹陷，凹陷深度W f，凹陷部分长度H f，W f的取值范围为0.01λ─0.04λ，H f的取值范围为0.01λ─0.08λ。
所述准L形金属板的垂直部分下部两侧向内弯折，弯折部分高度为H b，弯折部分宽度为W b，H b的取值范围为0.01λ─0.04λ，W b的取值范围为0.01λ─0.04λ。
所述金属弯折单极子的高度为H m，上部宽度为W m，H m取值必须小于H p，W m取值必须小于W p，即金属弯折单极子与准L形金属板没有电连接。
所述金属弯折单极子上刻有一个三维U形槽，三维U形槽总长度为L u，三维U形槽槽宽为W u。
所述准L形金属板与金属弯折单极子的水平间距为D，D的取值范围为0.05λ─0.08λ。
所述同轴波导馈电线为50欧姆同轴波导。
所述金属地板尺寸应大于0.16λ 2，地板形状可以是方形、圆形、或其他形状。
该天线最低的工作频段是一个相对带宽达4：1的超宽频带。
该天线通过在准L形金属板和金属弯折单极子上刻槽，可以在三个工作频段内形成阻带，且通过增加有源器件，可以实现可调的阻带。
有益效果：本发明提供的一种小型化三频段单向辐射天线，与现有技术相比，其优势在于：
(1)具有三个工作频段，且第一个工作频段是一个相对带宽可达4：1的超宽频带。所述天线可以同时覆盖0.7–2.7GHz、3.3–3.6GHz、以及5.1–6GHz，因此支持6GHz以下频段几乎所有的无线通信服务。与之前的双频/三频天线相比，本天线的多个工作频段跨度大、带宽宽。与之前的宽带/超宽带天线相比，本天线在拥有一个超宽带的基础上，还额外提供两个工作频段。
(2)具有紧凑的电尺寸。由于采用了小型化技术，通过对准L形金属板的水品部分两侧进行向内弯折、垂直部分中部向内凹陷、以及垂直部分下部两侧向内弯折，有效地增加了电流路径长度和做为辐射部分的金属板的电宽度。此外，对既作为馈源又作为辐射部分的金属单极子进行了弯折，在保持低剖面的情况下有效增加了其电高度。
(3)此天线在具有紧凑的电尺寸、含超宽带的三工作频段的情况下，还具有单向辐射。由于多模式软件无线电设备拟放置于飞机驾驶舱挡风玻璃处，单向辐射可以减少因驾驶舱金属墙壁的反射而造成的多径信号衰减。虽然小型化超宽带天线已有很多，但基本上都是基于单极子天线，因此是在H面为全向辐射。
(4)由于天线用金属薄板制成，损耗很低，在其工作频段内辐射效率均高于98％。
附图说明
图1给出了本发明天线的三维结构图；
图2给出了本发明天线的侧视图；
图3给出了所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线的仿真和实测反射系数；
图4给出了所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线的仿真和实测x-z面内归一化远场辐射方向图；其中a是0.7GHz方向图，b是1.7GHz方向图，c是2.7GHz方向图，d是3.5GHz方向图，e是5.1GHz方向图，f是5.8GHz方向图；
图5给出了所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线的仿真和实测增益曲线。
图中有：
1–准L形金属板      2–金属弯折单极子       2a–三角形阻抗匹配部分
2b–三维U形槽      3–金属地板             4–同轴波导馈电线
L p–准L形金属板的长度      W p–准L形金属板的宽度
H p–准L形金属板的高度      H s–准L形金属板水平部分两侧向内弯折的宽度
W f–准L形金属板垂直部分中部向内凹陷部分的深度
H f–准L形金属板垂直部分中部向内凹陷部分的长度
W b–准L形金属板垂直部分下部两侧向内弯折部分的宽度
H b–准L形金属板垂直部分下部两侧向内弯折部分的高度
H m–金属弯折单极子的高度      W m–金属弯折单极子的宽度
D–准L形金属板与金属弯折单极子的水平间距
L u–三维U形槽的总长度         W u–三维U形槽的槽宽
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。
本发明的一种小型化三频段单向辐射天线，包括一个准L形金属板1和一个金属弯折单极子2。准L形金属板1底部与金属地板3电连接，金属弯折单极子2位于准L形金属板1下方、且被垂直设置在金属地板3上。本天线采用传统同轴波导馈电方式，特征阻抗为50欧姆，从金属地板3底部给金属弯折单极子2馈电，同轴波导馈电线4内导体与金属弯折单极子2底部相连。
在设计中，准L形金属板1的长度L p和高度H p决定天线的最低工作频率，此时天线的工作模式与一个感性探针馈电的短路贴片天线类似，L p+H p应当约为四分之一波长，此时天线仅可以在0.75GHz附近一个带宽约为5％的窄带进行工作。通过利用金属弯折单极子2与准L形金属板1电磁耦合的馈电方式，并增加H p和减小L p，可以将带宽拓宽至约20％。同时，金属弯折单极子2在高频可以有效辐射，进而增加一个工作频段，可覆盖5.1–6GHz，从而实现双频段天线。通过将金属弯折单极子2弯折以增加其有效高度H m，并调节金属弯折单极子2的宽度W m，可以拓展第一个工作频段的带宽，将带宽从20％拓宽至约90％，覆盖0.7–2.7GHz。在第一个工作频段的低频部分(0.7–1.0GHz)，准L形金属板1负责辐射，此时，金属弯折单极子2只是一个馈电部分，而在第一个工作频段的高频部分(1.0–2.7GHz)，金属弯折单极子2成为主要辐射源，准L形金属板1变为一个反射器，进而提高天线的定向性。为了增加第三个工作频段(3.3–3.6GHz)以支持WiMAX和5G通信，在金属弯折单极子2上刻一个三维U形槽2b，可以在波长为其总长度L u的两倍的频率附近形成谐振，实现良好的阻抗匹配。同样，在这个频段，准L形金属板1主要作为反射器，提高天线的定向性。此频段的带宽可以通过改变三维U形槽2b的槽宽W u来控制，带宽随W u的增加而变宽。除了U形槽，具有其它几何形状的半波长谐振结构也可以使用。为了实现天线的小型化，对准L形金属板1的水品部分两侧进行向内进行弯折，弯折宽度为H s，H s的取值小于0.02λ；对准L形金属板1的 垂直部分中部向内进行凹陷，凹陷深度W f，凹陷部分长度L f，W f的取值范围为0.01λ–0.04λ，L f的取值范围为0.01λ–0.08λ；此外，对准L形金属板1的垂直部分下部两侧向内进行弯折，弯折部分高度为H b，弯折部分宽度为W b，H b的取值范围为0.01λ–0.04λ，W b的取值范围为0.01λ–0.04λ；这些方法有效地增加了电流路径长度和做为辐射部分的金属板的电宽度，可以减小20％–30％的体积。金属地板3尺寸应大于0.16λ 2，地板形状可以是方形、圆形、或其他形状。由于天线全部由金属薄板制成，可以是铜、铝、或其它金属，所以损耗很低，辐射效率很高。此外，通过在准L形金属板1和金属弯折单极子2上刻槽，可以在三个工作频段内形成阻带，且通过增加有源器件，可以实现可调的阻带。
图1、图2给出了所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线的示意图，天线的体积不超过0.12λ×0.16λ×0.09λ，非常紧凑，λ为天线最低工作频点的真空波长。
图3给出了所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线的仿真和实测反射系数。可以看出，仿真和实验的结果非常吻合。此天线在0.71–2.87GHz、3.27–3.62GHz、以及5.04–5.92GHz三个频段范围内反射系数均小于-10dB，其中频率最低的第一个频段相对带宽超过4:1，证明了此天线在目标频段内很好的实现了阻抗匹配。
图4给出了所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线的y-z面仿真和实测归一化远场辐射方向图。由图可以看到，在最低频端，由于天线的电尺寸远小于波长，天线覆盖几乎上半空间，下半空间辐射很弱。在1.0GHz以上频段，天线的辐射方向图覆盖从-y到+z这四分之一部分空间，往下半空间和+y方向的辐射很弱，具有较好的单向辐射特性。同时，天线在三个工作频带内交叉极化小于-18dB。
图5给出了所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线的仿真和实测增益曲线。由图可以看到，仿真和实验的结果非常吻合。所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线在0.71–2.87GHz、3.27–3.62GHz、以及5.04–5.92GHz这三个频段的绝大多数频率范围内增益大于4.0dBi，最大可达增长到7.1dBi，且辐射效率大于98％。
综上所述，本发明提供了一种小型化三频段单向辐射天线，具有三个工作频段，且其中第一个频段为超宽频，此外，所述天线具有交叉极化低、体积小、单向辐射、成本低、辐射效率高等优点，在机场高速通信、宽带多模式软件无线电通信、第五代移动通信、车载通信等领域有着重要的应用前景。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式。应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种小型化三频段单向辐射天线，其特征在于所述天线包括一个准L形金属板(1)、金属弯折单极子(2)、金属地板(3)、以及同轴波导馈电线(4)；其中，准L形金属板(1)垂直部分的底部与金属地板(3)相连，垂直部分的中部向内凹陷、垂直部分的下部两侧向内弯折；准L形金属板(1)的水平部分两侧向内弯折；金属弯折单极子(2)位于准L形金属板(1)水平部分的下方并垂直设置在金属地板(3)上，金属弯折单极子(2)的下部为三角形阻抗匹配部分(2a)，金属弯折单极子(2)上刻有一个三维U形槽(2b)；同轴波导馈电线(4)位于金属地板(3)底部的中间圆孔处，同轴波导馈电线(4)的内导体与金属弯折单极子(2)底部相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线，其特征在于，所述准L形金属板(1)水平部分的长为L p、宽为W p、垂直部分的高为H p，L p的取值小于0.12λ，W p的取值小于0.16λ，H p的取值小于0.09λ，λ为天线最低工作频点的真空波长。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线，其特征在于，所述准L形金属板(1)的水平部分两侧向内弯折，弯折部分宽度为H s，H s的取值小于0.01λ。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线，其特征在于，所述准L形金属板(1)的垂直部分中部向内凹陷，凹陷深度W f，凹陷部分长度H f，W f的取值范围为0.01λ─0.04λ，H f的取值范围为0.01λ─0.08λ。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线，其特征在于，所述准L形金属板(1)的垂直部分下部两侧向内弯折，弯折部分高度为H b，弯折部分宽度为W b，H b的取值范围为0.01λ─0.04λ，W b的取值范围为0.01λ─0.04λ。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线，其特征在于，所述金属弯折单极子(2)的高度为H m，上部宽度为W m，H m取值必须小于H p，W m取值必须小于W p，即金属弯折单极子(2)与准L形金属板(1)没有电连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线，其特征在于，所述金属弯折单极子(2)上刻有一个三维U形槽(2b)，三维U形槽(2b)总长度为L u，三维U形槽(2b)槽宽为W u。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线，其特征在于，所述准L形金属 板(1)与金属弯折单极子(2)的水平间距为D，D的取值范围为0.05λ─0.08λ。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线，其特征在于，所述的同轴波导馈电线(4)为50欧姆同轴波导。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线，其特征在于，该天线金属地板(3)尺寸应大于0.16λ 2，地板形状是方形或圆形。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述小型化三频段单向辐射天线，其特征在于，该天线在准L形金属板(1)和金属弯折单极子(2)上刻有槽，槽的形状为弯折线、U形、L形、或弧形槽的总长度取值范围为0.06λ─0.5λ。
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