WO2019203931A1 - Contrôleurs de fenêtres de ligne de jonction - Google Patents

Contrôleurs de fenêtres de ligne de jonction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019203931A1
WO2019203931A1 PCT/US2019/019455 US2019019455W WO2019203931A1 WO 2019203931 A1 WO2019203931 A1 WO 2019203931A1 US 2019019455 W US2019019455 W US 2019019455W WO 2019203931 A1 WO2019203931 A1 WO 2019203931A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
trunk line
electrical connectors
window
electrical
tester
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2019/019455
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dhairya Shrivastava
Sonny Jurgen DUCOTE
Kevin Kazuo KANESHIRO
Thomas Lee HARRELL
Scott Michael SCHMIDT
Jacob VOTH
Original Assignee
View, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by View, Inc. filed Critical View, Inc.
Priority to CN201980031543.0A priority Critical patent/CN112272787A/zh
Priority to EP19787808.5A priority patent/EP3781971A4/fr
Priority to US15/733,765 priority patent/US11384596B2/en
Publication of WO2019203931A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019203931A1/fr
Priority to US17/634,150 priority patent/US20220316269A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/163—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor

Definitions

  • the disclosed embodiments relate generally to optically switchable devices, more particularly to a network of connected optically switchable windows and connectors for testing and troubleshooting the network.
  • testing for proper operation of a network is performed. If improper operation or connectivity of the network is found, troubleshooting is performed. However, testing and
  • a system for communicating with optically switchable windows in a building comprises: a trunk line configured to provide a communication path to a plurality of window controllers and to a plurality of optically switchable windows, the trunk line comprising: a plurality of electrical conductors; a plurality of trunk line segments; the plurality of window controllers configured to be coupled to the plurality of windows; and a plurality of electrical connectors, wherein the plurality electrical connectors are connected in series by the plurality of trunk line segments.
  • each of the plurality of electrical connectors comprises a respective one of the plurality of window controllers.
  • the plurality of electrical connectors are configured to provide access to the plurality of conductors while connected in series with the plurality of trunk line segments.
  • each of the plurality of electrical connectors is integrally formed with a respective one of the plurality of window controllers. In one embodiment, each of the plurality of electrical connectors formed around a respective one of the plurality of window controllers. In one embodiment, each of the plurality of electrical connectors is directly coupled to a respective one of the plurality of window controllers. In one embodiment, the plurality of electrical connectors are coupled to the trunk line via threads. In one embodiment, the plurality of electrical conductors are continuous between their ends. In one embodiment, the plurality of electrical connectors are snapped over or clamped to the trunk line. In one embodiment, the trunk line comprises at least one flat or ribbon portion.
  • the plurality of electrical connectors are defined by a body within or on which a plurality of test points are disposed. in one embodiment, the plurality of electrical connectors are defined by a body from which the plurality of test points extend. In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of test points is embodied as a drop line. In one embodiment, the plurality of optically switchable windows comprise electrochromic windows.
  • FIG. 1 A depicts conventional fabrication of an IGU including an EC pane and incorporation into a window assembly.
  • FIG. 1B depicts a conventional wiring scheme for EC window controllers.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic of a window assembly with an IGU having an onboard controller.
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic of an onboard window controller.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a wiring scheme including EC windows with onboard window controllers.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a distributed network of EC window controllers with conventional end or leaf controllers as compared to a distributed network with EC windows having onboard controllers
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic of an onboard window controller.
  • FIG. 5B depicts a user interface for localized controllers described herein.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a network of connected EC windows.
  • FIGS. 7-10 depict electrical connectors consistent with embodiments described herein.
  • FIGS. 11-12 depict connector blocks consistent with embodiments described herein.
  • FIGS. l3a, l3b, and 14-16 depict a tester consistent with embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 17 depicts a trunk line comprised of connectors comprised of window
  • FIG. 18 depicts a connector comprised of a window controller.
  • FIG. 19 depicts another embodiment of a connector comprised of a window controller.
  • a “localized” controller is a window controller that is associated with, and controls, one or more optically switchable windows, such as electrochromic or“EC” windows.
  • An EC window may include one, two, three or more individual EC panes (an EC device on a transparent substrate).
  • the controller may be configured in close proximity to the EC window, as part of the EC window, or at a distance from the EC window. In certain embodiments, this means that the controller is, for example, within 1 meter of the EC window when controller is installed, in one embodiment, within 0.5 meter, in yet another embodiment, within 0.25 meter.
  • the window controller is an "in situ" controller; that is, the controller is part of a window assembly, which includes an IGU having one or more EC panes, and thus does not have to be matched with the EC window, and installed, in the field.
  • the controller may be installed in the window frame of a window unit, or be part of the IGU, for example, mounted between panes of the IGU.
  • the concepts may apply to other types of switchable optical devices such as liquid crystal devices, suspended particle devices and the like.
  • the window controllers described herein have a number of advantages because they are matched to an insulated glass unit (“IGU”) containing one or more EC devices.
  • the controller is incorporated into the IGU and/or the window frame prior to installation of the EC window.
  • the controller is incorporated into the IGU and/or the window frame prior to leaving the IGU.
  • the controller is incorporated into the IGU, substantially within the secondary seal.
  • the IGU can be characterized using logic and features of the controller that travels with the IGU or window unit. For example, when a controller is part of the IGU assembly, in the event the characteristics of the EC device(s) change over time, this characterization function can be used, for example, to redirect into which product the IGU will be incorporated.
  • the logic and features of the controller can be used to calibrate the control parameters to match the intended installation, and for example if already installed, the control parameters can be recalibrated to match the performance characteristics of the EC pane(s).
  • an "IGU” includes two substantially transparent substrates, for example, two panes of glass, where at least one substrate includes an EC device disposed thereon, and the panes have a separator disposed between them.
  • An IGU is typically hermetically sealed, having an interior region that is isolated from the ambient environment.
  • a "window assembly” includes an IGU, and may include electrical leads for connecting the IGU's one or more EC devices to a voltage source, switches and the like, as well as a frame that supports the IGU and related wiring.
  • FIG. 1 For context, a discussion of conventional window controller technology follows.
  • FIG. 1 A depicts an EC window fabrication and control scheme, 100.
  • An EC pane, 105 having an EC device (not shown, but for example on surface A) and bus bars, 110, which power the EC device, is matched with another glass pane, 115.
  • a separator, 120 is sandwiched in between and registered with substrates 105 and 115.
  • the IGU 125 has an associated interior space defined by the faces of the substrates in contact with separator 120 and the interior surfaces of the separator.
  • Separator 110 is typically a sealing separator, that is, includes a spacer and sealing between the spacer and each substrate where they adjoin in order to hermetically seal the interior region and thus protect the interior from moisture and the like.
  • the IGU 125 must be wired to a controller via wires, 130.
  • the IGU is supported by a frame to create a window assembly, 135.
  • Window assembly 135 is connected, via wires 130, to a controller, 140.
  • Controller 140 may also be connected to one or more sensors in the frame via communication lines 145.
  • conventional EC window controllers are not part of the window assembly itself and thus it is required that the controllers are installed outside of the IGU and/or window assembly. Also, conventional window controllers are calibrated to the EC window they control at the installation site, putting more burden on the installer. Consequently, there are more parts to ship from the manufacturer to the installation site, and this has associated tracking pitfalls, for example,
  • controllers 140 each control an EC window 135.
  • low voltage wiring 130 is of varying length. This is true even if there is only one controller that controls multiple windows. There are associated current drop offs and losses due to this long wiring.
  • any control feedback or diagnostic sensors mounted in the window assembly require separate wiring to be run to the controller— increasing cost and complexity of installation.
  • any identification numbers on the IGU are hidden by the frame and may not be easily accessible, which makes it problematic to check IGU information, for example, checking warranty or other vendor information.
  • localized controllers are installed as part of the wall of the room in which the associated window's or IGU's will be installed. That is, the controllers are installed in the framing and/or wall materials proximate (according to the distances described herein) to where their associated window units or IGU's will be installed. This may be in materials that will ultimately be part of the wall, where a separate window frame and IGU (a window unit) is to be installed, or the controller may be installed in framing materials that will serve, at least partially, as the frame for the EC window, where the IGU's are installed into the framing to complete an IGU and controller proximity matching.
  • one embodiment is a method of installing an EC window and associated controller unit into a wall, the method including (a) installing the associated controller unit into a wall, and (b) installing either an EC window unit which includes a window frame of the EC window, or installing an IGU, where the wall framing serves as the frame for the EC window.
  • controllers described herein are part of a window assembly.
  • a window unit including: a substantially transparent substrate having an electrochromic device disposed thereon; and a controller integrated with the substrate in the window unit for providing optical switching control for the electrochromic device.
  • the window unit further includes: a second substantially transparent substrate; and a sealing separator between the first and second substantially transparent substrates, which sealing separator defines, together with the first and second substantially transparent substrates, an interior region that is thermally insulating.
  • the controller is embedded in the sealing separator.
  • the controller includes control logic for directing electrochromic device to switch between three or more optical states.
  • the controller is configured to prevent the electrochromic device from being connected to in a reverse polarity mode to an external power source.
  • the controller is configured to be powered by a source delivering between about 2 and 10 volts.
  • the window assembly includes an IGU with at least one EC pane; and a window controller configured to control the at least one EC pane of the IGU of the window assembly.
  • the window controller is not positioned within the viewable area of the IGU.
  • the window controller is positioned outside of the primary seal of the IGU. The controller could be in the window frame and/or in between the panes of the IGU.
  • the window controller is included with the IGU. That is, the IGU, which includes a "window unit" including two (or more) panes and a separator, also includes the window controller.
  • the window controller is positioned at least partially between the individual panes of the IGU, outside of the primary seal. In one embodiment, the window controller may span a distance from a point between the two panes of the IGU and a point beyond the panes, for example, so that the portion that extends beyond the panes resides in, at least partially, the frame of the window assembly.
  • the window controller is in between and does not extend beyond the individual panes of the IGU. This configuration is desirable because the window controller can be, for example, wired to the EC device(s) of the EC panes of the IGU and included in the secondary sealing of the IGU. This incorporates the window controller into the secondary seal; although it may be partially exposed to the ambient for wiring purposes.
  • the controller may only need a power socket exposed, and thus be "plugged in” to a low voltage source (for example a 24 v source) because the controller communicates otherwise via wireless technology and/or through the power lines (e.g. like Ethernet over power lines).
  • the wiring from the controller to the EC device for example between 2 v and 10 v, is minimized due to the proximity of the controller to the EC device.
  • Electrochromic windows which are suitable for use with controllers described herein include, but are not limited to, EC windows having one, two or more electrochromic panes. Windows having EC panes with EC devices thereon that are all solid state and inorganic EC devices are particularly well suited for controllers described herein due to their excellent switching and transition characteristics as well as low defectivity. Such windows are described in the following U.S. patent application Ser. No.
  • controllers disclosed herein may useful for switchable optical devices that are not electrochromic devices.
  • Such alternative devices include liquid crystal devices and suspended particle devices.
  • the EC device or devices of the EC windows face the interior region of the IGET to protect them from the ambient.
  • the EC window includes a two-state EC device.
  • the EC window has only one EC pane, the pane may have a two-state (optical) EC device (colored or bleached states) or a device that has variable transitions.
  • the window includes two EC panes, each of which includes a two-state device thereon and the IGET has two optical states, in another embodiment, the IGU has four optical states.
  • the four optical states are: i) overall transmittance of between about 60% and about 90%; ii) overall transmittance of between about 15% and about 30%; iii) overall transmittance of between about 5% and about 10%; and iv) overall transmittance of between about 0.1% and about 5%.
  • the EC window has one pane with an EC device having two states and another pane with an EC device with variable optical state capability. In one embodiment, the EC window has two EC panes, each having an EC device with variable optical state capability. In one embodiment, the EC window includes three or more EC panes.
  • the EC windows are low-defectivity windows.
  • the total number of visible defects, pinholes and short-related pinholes created from isolating visible short-related defects in an EC device of the EC window is less than about 0.1 defects per square centimeter, in another embodiment, less than about 0.045 defects per square centimeter.
  • FIG. 2 A depicts a window assembly, 200, including a window frame, 205.
  • the viewable area of the window unit is indicated on the figure, inside the perimeter of frame 205.
  • inside frame 205 is an IGU, 210, which includes two glass panes separated by a sealing separator, 215, shaded in gray.
  • Window controller, 220 is between the glass panes of IGU 210 and, in this example, does not extend beyond the perimeter of the glass panes of the IGU.
  • the window controller need not be incorporated into a single enclosure as depicted, and need not be along a single edge of the IGU.
  • the controller resides along two, three or four edges of the IGU, in some instances, all within the secondary seal zone.
  • the window controller can extend beyond the perimeter of the IGU and into the frame of the window assembly.
  • the window controller positioned in the frame of the window assembly, particularly in the secondary seal zone of an IGU, some of these include: 1) wiring from the controller to one or more EC devices of the IGU panes is very short, and consistent from window to window for a given installation, 2) any custom pairing and tuning of controller and IGU can be done at the factory without chances of mis-pairing controller and window in the field, 3) even if there are no mismatches, there are fewer parts to ship, track and install, 4) there is no need for a separate housing and installation for the controller, because the components of the controller can be incorporated into the secondary seal of the IGU, 5) wiring coming to the window can be higher voltage wiring, for example 24V or 48V, and thus line losses seen in lower voltage lines (e.g.
  • the controller can store pertinent information about the IGU, for example using an RFID tag and/or memory such as solid state serial memory (e.g. I2C or SPI) which may optionally be programmable.
  • Stored information may include, for example, the manufacturing date, batch ID, window size, warranty information, EC device cycle count, current detected window condition (e.g., applied voltage, temperature, % Tvis), window drive configuration parameters, controller zone membership, and like information, which will be further described below.
  • the window controller includes: a power converter configured to convert a low voltage, for example 24V, to the power requirements of said at least one EC pane, for example between 2V and 10V; a communication circuit for receiving and sending commands to and from a remote controller, and receiving and sending input to and from; a microcontroller including a logic for controlling said at least one EC pane based at least in part by input received from one or more sensors; and a driver circuit for powering said at least one EC device.
  • a power converter configured to convert a low voltage, for example 24V, to the power requirements of said at least one EC pane, for example between 2V and 10V
  • a communication circuit for receiving and sending commands to and from a remote controller, and receiving and sending input to and from
  • a microcontroller including a logic for controlling said at least one EC pane based at least in part by input received from one or more sensors; and a driver circuit for powering said at least one EC device.
  • FIG. 2B depicts an example window controller 220 in some detail.
  • Controller 220 includes a power converter configured to convert a low voltage to the power requirements of an EC device of an EC pane of an IGU. This power is typically fed to the EC device via a driver circuit (power driver).
  • controller 220 has a redundant power driver so that in the event one fails, there is a back up and the controller need not be replaced or repaired.
  • Controller 220 also includes a communication circuit (labeled “communication” in FIG. 2B) for receiving and sending commands to and from a remote controller (depicted in FIG. 2B as “master controller”).
  • the communication circuit also serves to receive and send input to and from a microcontroller.
  • the power lines are also used to send and receive communications, for example, via protocols such as ethemet.
  • the microcontroller includes a logic for controlling the at least one EC pane based, at least in part, by input received from one or more sensors.
  • sensors 1-3 are, for example, external to controller 220, for example in the window frame or proximate the window frame.
  • the controller has at least one or more internal sensors.
  • controller 220 may also, or in the alternative, have "onboard" sensors 4 and 5.
  • the controller uses the EC device as a sensor, for example, by using current-voltage (EV) data obtained from sending one or more electrical pulses through the EC device and analyzing the feedback.
  • EV current-voltage
  • the controller includes a chip, a card or a board which includes appropriate logic, programmed and/or hard coded, for performing one or more control functions.
  • Power and communication functions of controller 220 may be combined in a single chip, for example, a programmable logic device (PLD) chip, field
  • the logic is configured to independently control each of the two EC panes.
  • the function of each of the two EC panes is controlled in a synergistic fashion, that is, so that each device is controlled in order to complement the other.
  • the desired level of light transmission, thermal insulative effect, and/or other property are controlled via combination of states for each of the individual devices.
  • one EC device may have a colored state while the other is used for resistive heating, for example, via a transparent electrode of the device.
  • the two EC device's colored states are controlled so that the combined transmissivity is a desired outcome.
  • Controller 220 may also have wireless capabilities, such as control and powering functions.
  • wireless controls such as RF and/or IR can be used as well as wireless communication such as Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee, EnOcean and the like to send instructions to the microcontroller and for the microcontroller to send data out to, for example, other window controllers and/or a building management system (BMS).
  • Wireless communication can be used in the window controller for at least one of programming and/or operating the EC window, collecting data from the EC window from sensors as well as using the EC window as a relay point for wireless
  • Data collected from EC windows also may include count data such as number of times an EC device has been activated (cycled), efficiency of the EC device over time, and the like.
  • count data such as number of times an EC device has been activated (cycled), efficiency of the EC device over time, and the like.
  • controller 220 may have wireless power function. That is, controller 220 may have one or more wireless power receivers, that receive transmissions from one or more wireless power transmitters and thus controller 220 can power the EC window via wireless power transmission.
  • Wireless power transmission includes, for example but not limited to, induction, resonance induction, radio frequency power transfer, microwave power transfer and laser power transfer.
  • power is transmitted to a receiver via radio frequency, and the receiver converts the power into electrical current utilizing polarized waves, for example circularly polarized, elliptically polarized and/or dual polarized waves, and/or various frequencies and vectors.
  • power is wirelessly transferred via inductive coupling of magnetic fields. Exemplary wireless power functions of electrochromic windows is described in U.S.
  • Controller 220 may also include an RFID tag and/or memory such as solid-state serial memory (e.g. I2C or SPI) which may optionally be a programmable memory.
  • RFID Radio- frequency identification
  • RFID tags use communication via electromagnetic waves to exchange data between a terminal and an object, for example, for the purpose of identification and tracking of the object. Some RFID tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader.
  • RFID tags contain at least two parts. One is an integrated circuit for storing and processing information, modulating and demodulating a radio-frequency (RF) signal, and other specialized functions. The other is an antenna for receiving and transmitting the signal.
  • RF radio-frequency
  • RFID tags There are three types of RFID tags: passive RFID tags, which have no power source and require an external electromagnetic field to initiate a signal transmission, active RFID tags, which contain a battery and can transmit signals once a reader has been successfully identified, and battery assisted passive (BAP) RFID tags, which require an external source to wake up but have significant higher forward link capability providing greater range.
  • RFID has many applications; for example, it is used in enterprise supply chain management to improve the efficiency of inventory tracking and management.
  • the RFID tag or other memory is programmed with at least one of the following types of data: warranty information, installation information, vendor information, batch/inventory information, EC device/IGU characteristics, EC device cycling information and customer information.
  • EC device characteristics and IGU characteristics include, for example, window voltage (Vw), window current (Iw), EC coating temperature (TEC), glass visible transmission (% T vl s), % tint command (external analog input from BMS), digital input states, and controller status.
  • Vw window voltage
  • Iw EC coating temperature
  • % T vl s % tint command
  • controller status digital input states
  • Each of these represents upstream information that may be provided from the controller to a BMS or window management system or other building device.
  • the window voltage, window current, window temperature, and/or visible transmission level may be detected directly from sensors on the windows.
  • the % tint command may be provided to the BMS or other building device indicating that the controller has in fact taken action to implement a tint change, which change may have been requested by the building device. This can be important because other building systems such as HVAC systems might not recognize that a tint action is being taken, as a window may require a few minutes (e.g., 10 minutes) to change state after a tint action is initiated. Thus, an HVAC action may be deferred for an appropriate period of time to ensure that the tinting action has sufficient time to impact the building environment.
  • the digital input states information may tell a BMS or other system that a manual action relevant to the smart window has been taken. See block 504 in FIG.
  • controller status may inform the BMS or other system that the controller in question is operational, or not, or has some other status relevant to its overall functioning.
  • Examples of downstream data from a BMS or other building system that may be provided to the controller include window drive configuration parameters, zone membership (e.g. what zone within the building is this controller part of), % tint value, digital output states, and digital control (tint, bleach, auto, reboot, etc.).
  • the window drive parameters may define a control sequence (effectively an algorithm) for changing a window state.
  • window drive configuration parameters include bleach to color transition ramp rate, bleach to color transition voltage, initial coloration ramp rate, initial coloration voltage, initial coloration current limit, coloration hold voltage, coloration hold current limit, color to bleach transition ramp rate, color to bleach transition voltage, initial bleach ramp rate, initial bleach voltage, initial bleach current limit, bleach hold voltage, bleach hold current limit.
  • the % tint value may be an analog or digital signal sent from the BMS or other management device instructing the onboard controller to place its window in a state corresponding to the % tint value.
  • the digital output state is a signal in which the controller indicates that it has taken action to begin tinting.
  • the digital control signal indicates that the controller has received a manual command such as would be received from an interface 504 as shown in FIG. 5B. This information can be used by the BMS to, for example, log manual actions on a per window basis.
  • a programmable memory is used in controllers described herein.
  • This programmable memory can be used in lieu of, or in conjunction with, RFID technology.
  • Programmable memory has the advantage of increased flexibility for storing data related to the IGU to which the controller is matched.
  • FIG. 3 depicts an arrangement, 300, including EC windows, 305, each with an associated localized or onboard window controller (not shown).
  • FIG. 3 illustrates that with onboard controllers, wiring, for example for powering and controlling the windows, is very simplified versus, for example, conventional wiring as depicted in FIG. 1B.
  • a single power source for example low voltage 24V
  • the window controller has wireless communication and control, or uses the power lines for communication functions, for example ethernet, then only a single voltage power wiring need be strung through the building. If the controller also has wireless power transmission capabilities, then no wiring is necessary, since each window has its own controller.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a distributed network, 400, of EC window controllers with
  • a master controller controls a number of intermediate controllers
  • Network 400 includes the long spans of lower DC voltage, for example a few volts, wiring and communication cables from each of leaf controllers 410 to each window 430.
  • network 420 eliminates huge amounts of lower DC voltage wiring between each end controller and its respective window. Also this saves an enormous amount of space that would otherwise house leaf controllers 410.
  • a single low voltage e.g. from a 24 v source, is provided to all windows in the building, and there is no need for additional lower voltage wiring or calibration of many windows with their respective controllers.
  • the onboard controllers have wireless communication function or capability of using the power wires, for example as in ethernet technology, there is no need for extra communication lines between intermediate controllers 405a and 405b and the windows.
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic depiction of an onboard window controller configuration, 500, including interface for integration of EC windows into, for example, a residential system or a building management system.
  • a voltage regulator accepts power from a standard 24 v AC/DC source. The voltage regulator is used to power a microprocessor (.mu.P) as well as a pulse width modulated (PWM) amplifier which can generate current at high and low output levels, for example, to power an associated smart window.
  • a communications interface allows, for example, wireless communication with the controller's microprocessor.
  • the communication interface is based on established interface standards, for example, in one embodiment the controller's communication interface uses a serial communication bus which may be the CAN 2.0 physical layer standard introduced by Bosch widely used today for automotive and industrial applications.
  • CAN is a linear bus topology allowing for 64 nodes (window controllers) per network, with data rates of 10 kbps to 1 Mbps, and distances of up to 2500 m.
  • Other hard wired embodiments include MODBETS, LonWorks.TM., power over Ethernet, BACnet MS/TP, etc.
  • the bus could also employ wireless technology (e.g. Zigbee, Bluetooth, etc.).
  • the controller includes a discrete input/output (DIO) function, where a number of inputs, digital and/or analog, are received, for example, tint levels, temperature of EC device(s), % transmittance, device temperature (for example from a thermistor), light intensity (for example from a LETX sensor) and the like.
  • Output includes tint levels for the EC device(s).
  • the configuration depicted in FIG. 5A is particularly useful for automated systems, for example, where an advanced BMS is used in conjunction with EC windows having EC controllers as described herein.
  • the bus can be used for communication between a BMS gateway and the EC window controller communication interface.
  • the BMS gateway also communicates with a BMS server.
  • this embodiment assumes that the EC device on a window pane has four separate tint states that can be set.
  • these inputs allow users to override the BMS controls (e.g. untint a window for more light even though the BMS wants it tinted to reduce heat gain).
  • AI-EC Temperature This analog input allows a sensor (thermocouple, thermistor, RTD) to be connected directly to the controller for the purpose of determining the temperature of the EC coating. Thus temperature can be determined directly without measuring current and/or voltage at the window. This allows the controller to set the voltage and current parameters of the controller output, as appropriate for the temperature.
  • AI-Transmittance This analog input allows the controller to measure percent transmittance of the EC coating directly. This is useful for the purpose of matching multiple windows that might be adjacent to each other to ensure consistent visual appearance, or it can be used to determine the actual state of the window when the control algorithm needs to make a correction or state change. Using this analog input, the transmittance can be measured directly without inferring transmittance using voltage and current feedback.
  • AI-Temp/Light Intensity This analog input is connected to an interior room or exterior (to the building) light level or temperature sensor. This input may be used to control the desired state of the EC coating several ways including the following: using exterior light levels, tint the window (e.g. bright outside, tint the window or vice versa); using and exterior temperature sensor, tint the window (e.g. cold outside day in Minneapolis, untint the window to induce heat gain into the room or vice versa, warm day in Phoenix, tint the widow to lower heat gain and reduce air conditioning load).
  • exterior light levels tint the window (e.g. bright outside, tint the window or vice versa)
  • tint the window e.g. cold outside day in Minneapolis, untint the window to induce heat gain into the room or vice versa, warm day in Phoenix, tint the widow to lower heat gain and reduce air conditioning load).
  • AI-% Tint This analog input may be used to interface to legacy BMS or other devices using 0-10 volt signaling to tell the window controller what tint level it should take.
  • the controller may choose to attempt to continuously tint the window (shades of tint proportionate to the 0-10 volt signal, zero volts being fully untinted, 10 volts being fully tinted) or to quantize the signal (0-0.99 volt means untint the window, 1-2.99 volts means tint the window 5%, 3-4.99 volts equals 40% tint, and above 5 volts is fully tinted).
  • a signal is present on this interface it can still be overridden by a command on the serial communication bus instructing a different value.
  • DO-TINT LEVEL bit 0 and bit 1 This digital input is similar to DI-TINT Level bit 0 and DI-TINT Level bit 1. Above, these are digital outputs indicating which of the four states of tint a window is in, or being commanded to. For example if a window were fully tinted and a user walks into a room and wants them clear, the user could depress one of the switches mentioned and cause the controller to begin untinting the window. Since this transition is not instantaneous, these digital outputs will be alternately turned on and off signaling a change in process and then held at a fixed state when the window reaches its commanded value.
  • FIG. 5B depicts an onboard controller configuration 502 having a user interface.
  • the EC window controller for example as depicted in FIG. 5 A, can be populated without the PWM components and function as I/O controller for an end user where, for example, a keypad, 504, or other user controlled interface is available to the end user to control the EC window functions.
  • the EC window controller and optionally EO controllers can be daisy chained together to create networks of EC windows, for automated and non-automated EC window applications.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a network of EC windows and EC window controllers.
  • a bus enables setting and monitoring individual window 601 parameters and relaying that information to a network controller 606.
  • the bus includes a trunk line 608 and electrical connectors 604.
  • the trunk line includes a 5 conductor cable with two electrical conductors that provide power signals, two electrical conductors that provide communication signals, and one conductor that provides ground. In other embodiments, a cable with fewer or more electrical conductors can be used if so desired or needed.
  • connectors 604 physically and electrically connect trunk line segments 603 together to form trunk line 608.
  • signals carried by trunk line 608 are distributed to respective window controllers 602 via respective connectors 604 and respective drop lines 605 connected to the connectors.
  • Fig. 6 represents controllers 602 as being spatially separated from respective windows 601, it is to be understood that in other embodiments, one or more of the window controllers could be integrated in or as part of a respective window.
  • one or more additional connector 607 is connected to form trunk line 608. After installation, additional connector 607 can be left unconnected until needed, for example, for use with a drop line, a window controller, a power supply, or with a tester.
  • FIG. 7 depicts an embodiment of a connector 704 including a body with two ends 711/712 configured to conductively and mechanically couple two trunk line segments together (see 603 in FIG. 6), the body further having a third end 713 configured to be conductively and mechanically coupled to a drop line (see 605 in FIG. 6).
  • ends 711/712/713 are threaded.
  • ends 711/712/713 include conductive structures that provide conductive access to electrical conductors (depicted by dashed lines) that extend within connector 704 between ends 711/712/713.
  • the conductive structures include conductive female or male pins.
  • end 711 of connector 704 is configured with male pins
  • ends 712 and 713 are configured with female pins.
  • connector 704 further includes a number of externally accessible electrical test points 714, each of which is conductively connected to a respective one of the individual electrical conductors.
  • test points 714 include female pins.
  • test points 714 are protected from ingress of debris by displaceable or removable covers.
  • connector 704 includes indicia disposed on an outer surface of the connector.
  • the indicia include colors and/or numbers that are positioned next to or near test points 714.
  • the user can identify which test point to use via the color and/or number nest to the test point.
  • test points 714 enable the presence of signals on any conductor and at any point in a trunk line to be quickly and easily verified by a technician, who can easily do so by connecting leads of a multimeter or other test device to a test point corresponding to a particular colored conductor desired to be tested.
  • Connector 704 facilitates a quick and easy method by which continuity between different electrical conductors and conductive points of interest in a trunk line can be tested without a time consuming process of having to individually disconnect electrical connectors in a trunk line to gain access to electrical conductors and/or having to connect test device leads to electrical conductors that are spatially separated by a distance.
  • two test points of a connector at or near a first point of interest in a trunk line can shorted together by a jumper, and continuity at two test points corresponding to the electrical conductors at test points of a connector at or near a second point of interest can be measured to verify if continuity along the electrical conductors is present.
  • a connector that is not connected to a drop line is used in a trunk line (see connector 607 in FIG. 6)
  • conductive structures at exposed unconnected ends of the connector can also be used as test points.
  • a connector 607 when a connector 607 is used, if desired, it can be provided without test points 714.
  • FIG. 8 is a representation of another embodiment of a connector used to couple segments of a trunk line together.
  • connector 804 provides similar functionality to that provided by the embodiment of FIG. 7, but is different in structure in that conductive and electrical access to electrical conductors of the connector 804 and trunk line segments connected to the connector ends 811 and 812 is provided by test points in the form of conductive structures that provided at a fourth end 815 of the connecter.
  • the conductive structures include male or female pins.
  • fourth end 815 is provided with a cap that can be removed when access to its test points is desired.
  • FIG. 9 is a representation of another embodiment of a connector used to couple segments of a trunk line together.
  • connector 904 provides similar functionality to that provided by the embodiment of FIG. 8, but is different in that access to the test points at a fourth end 915 is provided by flexible insulated electrical conductors 918 of a test lead assembly 916.
  • electrical conductors 918 extend between ends 914 and 919 of the assembly 916.
  • test lead assembly 916 is mechanically and electrically coupled to fourth end 915 by threads or other structures capable of maintaining conductive and physical coupling of the ends 914 and 915.
  • ends 919 facilitate connection to test leads of a test apparatus.
  • ends include female banana type couplers.
  • test lead assembly 916 is configured to act as a drop down cable that connects to a controller of a window or that can be unconnected and, when desired, be used to electrically access conductors of a trunk line with a tester.
  • test lead assembly 916 is configured to act as a drop down cable that connects to a
  • test lead assembly is formed as an integral unit, for example molding ends 914 and 919 onto conductors 918.
  • conductors 918 are dimensioned with a length L sufficient to provide technicians easy dropdown access to hard to reach trunk lines or electrical connectors, for example, as may be encountered during testing or troubleshooting a trunk line located in a tall ceiling.
  • the length L is about 100 cm. In other embodiments, the length can be more than, or less than, 100 cm.
  • FIG. 10 is a representation of an embodiment of a connector configured to snap or clamp over and provide conductive and electrical access to conductors of a trunk line.
  • trunk line 1030 includes a flat or ribbon cable, or a round cable having one or more flat or ribbon like portions along its length.
  • a connector used to snap or clamp over a trunk line are described in U.S. Patent Publication Ser. No. 15/268,204, entitled, "Power Distribution Networks for Electrochromic Devices” filed 16 Sept 2016, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
  • connector 1004 includes electrical test points 1014 that facilitate trunk line testing and troubleshooting in a manner similar to that described above with reference to FIGs. 7 and 8.
  • connector 1004 When flat or ribbon cable or portions form a trunk line, use of connector 1004 enables the trunk line to be formed of continuous cable. Use of continuous cable obviates a-priori calculation of trunk segment lengths and as well performing the time-consuming steps that are needed to connect trunk line segments together to form the trunk line. When a continuous trunk line 1030 is used, the trunk line can be easily and quickly installed above a network of windows, and then as needed or desired, the connectors 1004 can quickly be snapped or clamped over flat portions of the trunk line in locations above the windows.
  • FIG. 11 is a representation of an embodiment of a connector block used to couple segments of a trunk line together.
  • a connector block 1104 includes two connector ends 1111/1112 that are configured to be coupled to ends of trunk line segments 1103 of a trunk line.
  • connector block 1104 is configured to snap or clamp over a flat portion of a trunk line cable.
  • connector block 1104 is configured to include a plurality of insulated electrical conductors or drop lines 1105.
  • conductors or drop lines 1105 are integrated to be part of connector block 1104, for example, by molding, or connected to the connector block 1104 via connectors on the connector bloc and drop lines.
  • connector block 1104 enables aggregation of the functionality of a plurality of individual connectors at one location, which reduces the number of trunk line segments and connectors that need to be used to form a trunk line, which in turn enables the trunk line to be assembled more quickly.
  • one connector block 1104 provides the functionality of 8 separate electrical connectors.
  • the functionality of fewer or more than 8 separate connectors can be provided via the use of a connector block having fewer or more than 8 drop lines 1105.
  • FIG. 12 is a representation of another embodiment of a connector block used to couple segments of a trunk line together.
  • connector block 1204 is similar to block 1104 of the embodiment of FIG. 11, except that electrical test points 1240 are provided on a surface of the connector block.
  • connector block 1204 includes 5 electrical test points, however fewer or more test points can be provided as needed or desired.
  • access to test points 1240 can be provided via implementation of an extended test lead assembly (see 916 in FIG. 9).
  • a connector block including test points 1240 provides technicians the added benefit of reducing trunk line test and troubleshooting time, since the number of locations where tests and troubleshooting would potentially need to be performed is reduced.
  • FIGs. l3a-b are representations of a trunk line tester.
  • tester 1399 includes one or more connectors 1399a configured to be conductively coupled to conductors of a trunk line 608 (see Fig. 6).
  • connector l399a includes male or female pins configured to be coupled to conductors of trunk line 608 directly or via one or more conductive cable.
  • tester 1399 is configured to test trunk line 608 for: the presence or non-presence of shorts between any two conductors, the presence of an open condition in any conductor, and the location of a short or open condition in any conductor.
  • tests provided by tester 1399 are performed when a user interacts with inputs l399c of the tester and/or under the control of a processor, which is optionally provided within the chassis of tester 1399.
  • tester 1399 provides test functionality via interaction with one or more inputs 1399c provided as rotary switches, toggle switches, push buttons or the like.
  • test results are provided by tester 1399a via output indicators 1399b, l399f, and/or l399g in the form of one or more lights or displays that are on or coupled to the tester.
  • tester 1399 measures continuity between conductors of the trunk line that correspond to the inputs.
  • lights 1399b on the tester work in conjunction with the switches l399c they are associated with, where each light displays a different color indicative of a particular test condition, for example, green indicates a short between any two conductors, no damage to cable, conductors are good; red indicates there is a short between the two conductors being tested; and yellow indicates there is an open reading on a conductor.
  • tester 1399 includes one or more inputs l399d that activate a“TDR” (Time Domain Reflectometer), which can be used to locate and display a location along particular conductor where an open or short is present.
  • activation of input l399e causes tests for short and open conditions to be performed and displayed automatically.
  • FIG. 14 is a representation of a trunk line tester being used to test a trunk line.
  • trunk line tester 1399 can be coupled via test points to conductors of a connector 607 to troubleshoot whether and where a malfunction in trunk line 608 is present.
  • an initial step of troubleshooting determines whether the malfunction is to the left or right of connector 607 by first disconnecting the right end of connector from the trunk line and subsequently performing tests on conductors of the trunk line to the left of the connector. Assuming no malfunction is present in the trunk line to the left of connector 607, next the left end of the connector is
  • TDR functionality of the tester 1399 can be next used to determine the location of the condition in the trunk line relative to the location of the tester.
  • Fig. 15 is another representation of a trunk line tester being used to test a trunk line.
  • trunk line tester 1399 can be coupled via test points to conductors of a connector 604 to troubleshoot whether and where a malfunction in trunk line 608 is present.
  • an initial step of troubleshooting determines whether the malfunction is to the left or right of connector 604 by first disconnecting the right end of connector from the trunk line and subsequently performing tests on conductors of the trunk line to the left of the connector. Assuming no malfunction is present in the trunk line to the left of connector 604, next the left end of the connector is
  • trunk line tester 1399 could be coupled to a trunk line at other locations and in other combinations of steps to trouble shoot a trunk line.
  • Fig. 16 is a representation of an embodiment of a trunk line tester connected to conductors of a trunk line.
  • one or more inputs 1399c of a trunk line tester 1399 are embodied in the form of rotary switches A, B, and C.
  • switch B and switch C are positioned to effect coupling of terminals D and E to respective“shield” and“white” conductors of the trunk line such that resistance or impedance measuring functionality that is part of the tester can be used to determine whether there is a short or open between or in the conductors.
  • a shorting terminator 1699 When testing for an open, a shorting terminator 1699 can be inserted across shield and white conductors at a particular upstream point in the trunk line. As desired or needed, other positions of switches B and C, in combination with termination of other conductors by a shorting terminator, can be used to test trunk line 608.
  • trunk line 608 is represented to include 5 conductors, use of trunk lines with fewer or more conductors is within the scope of the disclosed embodiments. Accordingly, a trunk line tester with fewer or more inputs is also within the scope of the disclosed embodiments. Fig.
  • TDR time domain reflectometer
  • the trunk line tester 608 described herein has been described in the context of certain embodiments, however, the tester should not be limited to such, as in other embodiments it is contemplated that the test could be implemented in digital form, where after coupling of a tester including a processor under control of software, the processor could control one or more circuits or components to automatically effect one or more test on the conductors of a trunk line.
  • FIG. 17 is another representation of a trunk line.
  • a trunk line includes trunk line segments joined by electrical connectors coupled to window controllers by drop lines.
  • a trunk line 1708 includes trunk line segments 1703 coupled in series by electrical connectors 1704 that include or are coupled directly to window controllers (described elsewhere herein), each of which in turn is connected to a window 1701.
  • Use of electrical connectors 1704 can facilitate quicker installation and commissioning of windows in a building because it obviates the time needed to connect a controller to the drop line as shown in Fig. 6.
  • FIG. 18 is a representation of an electrical connector including a window controller.
  • electrical connector 1804 includes a body with two ends
  • electrical connector 1804 includes a window controller 1802 configured to provide window controller functionality as described herein.
  • window controller 1802 is formed within third end 1813.
  • the body of electrical connector is molded or formed around window controller 1802.
  • one or more of ends 1811/1812/1813 are threaded.
  • ends 1811/1812/1813 comprise conductive structures that provide conductive access to electrical conductors and/or a controller 1802 within connector 1804.
  • the conductive structures comprise conductive female or male pins.
  • FIG. 19 is another example of an electrical connector including a window controller.
  • electrical connector 1904 includes a primary body l904a with two ends 1911/1912 configured to conductively and mechanically couple two trunk line segments together.
  • electrical connector 1904 additionally includes a secondary body l9l3b having one end configured to be coupled to a window (not shown) and another end configured to be coupled to the primary body l904a.
  • secondary body l9l3b houses a window controller 1902.
  • secondary body l9l3b includes one end l9l3c configured to be electrically and mechanically coupled directly to primary body l904a and another end l9l3d configured to be electrically coupled to a window.
  • secondary body l9l3b is coupled to primary body l904a via threads. In one embodiment, secondary body l9l3b snaps to, in and/or over primary body l904a. In embodiments, the secondary body l9l3b is coupled to primary body via one or more electrical coupling mechanism known to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment, ends 191 l/l9l2/l9l3c/l9l3d comprise conductive structures that provide conductive access to electrical conductors and/or controller 1902 within connector 1904. In one embodiment, the conductive structures comprise conductive female or male pins. In one embodiment, electrical connectors 1904 enables testing or replacing of a secondary body l9l3b without affecting continuity between other electrical connectors connected in a trunk line. In one embodiment, connector 1904 comprises test points according to embodiments described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une ligne de jonction pour fournir un trajet de communication à un réseau de fenêtres optiquement commutables.
PCT/US2019/019455 2015-09-18 2019-02-25 Contrôleurs de fenêtres de ligne de jonction WO2019203931A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201980031543.0A CN112272787A (zh) 2018-04-19 2019-02-25 干线窗户控制器
EP19787808.5A EP3781971A4 (fr) 2018-04-19 2019-02-25 Contrôleurs de fenêtres de ligne de jonction
US15/733,765 US11384596B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2019-02-25 Trunk line window controllers
US17/634,150 US20220316269A1 (en) 2015-09-18 2020-08-18 Trunk line window controllers

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

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US201862660170P 2018-04-19 2018-04-19
US62/660,170 2018-04-19
US201862687187P 2018-06-19 2018-06-19
US62/687,187 2018-06-19
US201862696704P 2018-07-11 2018-07-11
US62/696,704 2018-07-11

Related Parent Applications (1)

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US16/946,140 Continuation-In-Part US11566468B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2020-06-08 Power distribution and communications systems for electrochromic devices

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US15/733,765 A-371-Of-International US11384596B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2019-02-25 Trunk line window controllers
US17/634,150 Continuation-In-Part US20220316269A1 (en) 2015-09-18 2020-08-18 Trunk line window controllers

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EP3781971A1 (fr) 2021-02-24
EP3781971A4 (fr) 2022-01-12
CN112272787A (zh) 2021-01-26

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