WO2019201635A1 - Procédé et outil pour la fabrication d'une roue de véhicule - Google Patents

Procédé et outil pour la fabrication d'une roue de véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019201635A1
WO2019201635A1 PCT/EP2019/058752 EP2019058752W WO2019201635A1 WO 2019201635 A1 WO2019201635 A1 WO 2019201635A1 EP 2019058752 W EP2019058752 W EP 2019058752W WO 2019201635 A1 WO2019201635 A1 WO 2019201635A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rim
wheel
partially
preform
tool
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/058752
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
David Pieronek
Jörg GORSCHLÜTER
Original Assignee
Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag
Thyssenkrupp Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag, Thyssenkrupp Ag filed Critical Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag
Publication of WO2019201635A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019201635A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/26—Making other particular articles wheels or the like
    • B21D53/30—Making other particular articles wheels or the like wheel rims
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B21/00—Rims
    • B60B21/02—Rims characterised by transverse section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
    • B60B3/04—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body with a single disc body not integral with rim, i.e. disc body and rim being manufactured independently and then permanently attached to each other in a second step, e.g. by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B23/00—Attaching rim to wheel body
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a multi-part tool for producing a wheel for a vehicle with a rim for receiving a tire and to the rim material, force and / or form-fitting tethered wheel with a connection area for releasable mounting to a wheel ,
  • Vehicle wheels or motor vehicle wheels are safety components and must therefore be able to absorb the high mechanical and dynamic cyclical loads during ferry operation.
  • Conventional "steel wheels” in sheet metal construction usually consist of a wheel disc (wheel disc), which ensures the connection to the wheel hub and a rim (rim tape), which receives the tire.
  • the wheel components are manufactured on step presses in several steps (up to eleven stages) by cold forming (deep drawing, pressure rolling, profiling).
  • step presses deep drawing, pressure rolling, profiling.
  • microalloyed steels structural steel, fine grained steel
  • dual-phase steels with a strength of 400 to 600 MPa have been used.
  • the joining technique used is preferably an MAG weld in combination with a press connection (deep-bed rim).
  • the weight of the vehicle wheels has a disproportionate effect as a rotationally moving mass on the energy consumption of the vehicles as well as on the unsprung masses. Therefore, in general, the lowest possible vehicle wheel weight should be aimed at ideally high rigidity. Especially for commercial vehicles with several wheels and a single weight of approx. 36 to 40 kg, a significant reduction in weight also has a positive effect on the transport load. Compared to conventionally produced vehicle wheels, further lightweight construction potential can be exploited with steel if, on the one hand, material with a higher strength or fatigue strength is used to safely accommodate the operating loads and, on the other hand, geometric adjustments, such as stampings to compensate for stiffness losses due to lower material thicknesses can be implemented.
  • so-called hot forming in vehicle / body construction is also used, among others also known under indirect or direct hot forming.
  • hot forming the requirement for high formability and simultaneously high strength of the final molded components can be met.
  • Corresponding forming processes which take place involving a preceding heat treatment of the workpiece, for example in a separate oven, are well known from the prior art, in particular the hot forming and press hardening of sheet steel.
  • the use of hot forming for significantly cyclic loaded steel sheet components such as Wishbones, wheels, axle beams, not yet established in automotive vehicle construction.
  • a standard-compliant rim is rotationally symmetrical and / or annular and has in particular about the axis of rotation of the wheel undercut geometry areas on the rim Horn and the rim shoulder (Hump, valve seat), so that the production by direct Warme- is technically difficult to implement.
  • hot working with the known tool components punch, blank holder, die is not expedient.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a suitable method and a corresponding tool for the production of hot-formed or press-hardened rims and thus also wheels made of sheet steel, which a high weight reduction, dimensional stability, durability and safety, especially at acceptable production costs guarantee.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a wheel for a vehicle with a rim for receiving a tire and to the rim material, force and / or form-fitting tethered wheel with a connection area for detachable mounting to a wheel comprising the steps:
  • an already prefabricated, assembled wheel comprising a preform of the rim with a connected Radschadorel, in particular comprising a frictional and / or material connection, at least partially or completely to a temperature of at least A Ci , preferably to a temperature of at least A C3 the steel material of the rim, heated or heated and then at least partially thermoformed in a multi-part tool at least the warm preform of the rim and at least partially press-hardened.
  • a hardened structure arises at least partially in the rim of the wheel, by means of which a high dimensional stability can be achieved by avoiding springback.
  • the dimensional accuracy of the overall wheel in the multipart tool can be improved so that costly reworking, for example, to compensate for concentricity deviations, can be reduced or completely avoided.
  • the at least partially produced hardened structure in the rim when appropriately carried out, leads to a higher operating strength of the rim, which enables a significant weight reduction of the overall wheel.
  • the inner die and / or the upper die each have an active surface, which act on the visible side and / or back of the Radschadorel the arranged between the outer dies, warm preform with tethered Radschüs- sel, the wheel bowl optionally at least partially warm deformed and at least partially press-hardened.
  • the active surfaces at least partially have the end geometry of the connection region on the wheel disc and the connection region can be hot-formed at least in regions in the multi-part tool.
  • the final shape of the wheel disc can also be taken into account in the multi-part tool, which can be saved by advance in the manufacturing steps, in particular substantially the near-net shape geometry or final geometry of the wheel.
  • the operational stability of the connection especially of a possible welded joint, can be Partly influenced, for example, possible softening in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and thus metallurgical notches can be reduced, which has a positive effect on the durability and stability of the overall wheel.
  • HZ heat-affected zone
  • the inner die and / or the upper die are designed such that they each have a further active surface, which are provided at least partially circumferentially around the active surface for the wheel disc and at least partially the final geometry of the inner contour of the rim Rades correspond, wherein the warm preform of the rim by the action of the further active surfaces of the mecanical sen and / or Obergesenks on the inner contour of the preform of the rim at least partially converted into the final geometry of the inner contour of the rim of the wheel, at least partially hot-formed and at least partially press cured.
  • the further active surfaces in the multi-part tool can serve as a kind of counter bearing, in particular if the active surfaces of the outer dies act on the outer contour of the preform of the rim or rim of the wheel and thereby the preform of the rim respectively the rim between them and, by at least partial press hardening, a certain dimensional stability in the rim can be set.
  • the dimensional accuracy of the overall wheel can be improved, so that complex reworking, for example for compensating the runout deviations, can be reduced or completely avoided.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a wheel for a vehicle with a rim for receiving a tire and to the rim material, force and / or form-fitting tethered wheel with a connection area for releasable mounting on a wheel carrier, comprising the steps:
  • the at least partially hot forming is carried out with at least partial press hardening in a multi-part tool, wherein the multi-part tool has at least one inner die, at least one upper die and at least two outer dies, wherein the outer dies each at least partially have an active surface which at least partially the final geometry of Outer contour of the rim of the wheel correspond to the warm preform the rim is arranged between the outer dies and the preform of the rim is transferred to the outer contour of the preform of the rim in the final geometry of the outer contour of the rim of the wheel by action of the active surfaces of the outer dies, at least partially hot-formed and at least partially press-hardened,
  • a preform of the rim in the not yet prefabricated, assembled, ie in not yet connected with a wheel dish state at least partially or completely to a temperature of at least A Ci , preferably to a temperature of at least A C3 , heated or heated and then hot-formed at least in some areas in a multi-part mold and at least partially press-hardened.
  • a hardened structure arises at least partially in the rim of the wheel, by means of which a high dimensional stability can be achieved by avoiding springback.
  • the resulting hardness structure leads, with appropriate implementation to a higher operating strength of the rim, which allows a significant weight reduction of the overall wheel.
  • the wheel disc is heated to a temperature of at least A Ci , preferably to a temperature of at least A C3 , before it is inserted into the multi-part tool and then brought into contact with the warm preform of the rim or before being brought into contact with the warm preform of the rim which is already disposed in the multi-part tool.
  • An at least partially hot forming with at least partial press hardening can therefore be carried out in addition to the at least partially hot forming with at least partial press hardening of the warm preform of the rim and the wheel in the multi-part tool, the hardness structure produced with appropriate implementation to a higher operating strength of the wheel, which allows a significant weight reduction.
  • the processing effort in the multipart tool can reduce the production costs.
  • the wheel dish can also be inserted into the multipart tool in the cold state and then brought into contact with the warm preform of the rim or brought into contact with the warm preform of the rim, which is already in the multi-part mold. gene tool is arranged.
  • the wheel disc may already be optionally hot-formed and at least partially hardened, at least in some areas. A cold forming by spin forming or pressing is conceivable. As a result, at least partial press hardening of the wheel disc in the multi-part tool can be dispensed with, as a result of which the tool has to be made less complex.
  • the wheel disc is connected at least non-positively and / or positively to the rim.
  • the wheel disc whether hot or cold, is brought into contact with the rim's warm preform, where the preform of the rim has a larger diameter compared to the cold state due to thermal expansion, cooling the warm preform of the rim a thermal shrinking onto the wheel disc, whereby at least one press connection (force and / or positive connection) between wheel disc and rim can be provided particularly efficiently by the process.
  • at least one press connection force and / or positive connection
  • an additional material connection can take place in a downstream process step, in particular by means of welding, in order to also ensure a security against rotation of the wheel components. Afford.
  • local stampings or locally geometric shapes can be introduced into the area between the wheel rim and the rim in order to achieve an additional form fit, which makes a subsequent thermal joining process unnecessary for achieving a security against twisting ,
  • a hardenable steel material having a carbon content of at least 0.07 wt.%, In particular of at least 0.10 wt.%, Preferably of at least 0.15 wt., Is preferably used for the rim and optionally for the wheel disc. %, more preferably at least 0.22% by weight.
  • the inventors' vibration strength studies have shown that hardenable steel materials having a predominantly martensitic and / or bainitic structure, such as Manganese-boron, tempering and air- or oil-hardening steels, compared to the conventionally used dual-phase and microalloyed steels have a significantly increased cyclic bending strength and thus in principle further lightweight by sheet thickness reduction, in particular the motor vehicle rim, enable.
  • hardenable steel materials having a predominantly martensitic and / or bainitic structure such as Manganese-boron, tempering and air- or oil-hardening steels
  • the steel material provided may be case hardening steel or tempered steel, in particular grades C10, C15, C22, C35, C45, 42CrMo4, a manganese-containing steel, in particular grade 8MnCrB3,16MnB5, 16MnCr5, 22MnB5, 37MnB5, an air-hardening steel, an oil-hardening steel or a multi-layered steel composite material, for example with three steel layers, of which at least one of the layers is curable.
  • the microstructure begins to convert to austenite and, in particular, is completely austenitic when the temperature A is exceeded.
  • the preform of the rim and / or wheel bowl is heated to a temperature of at least A, so that there is a substantially austenitic structure in the entire component.
  • a Ci and A are characteristic values which are dependent on the composition (alloy constituents) of the steel material used and can be taken from so-called ZTA or ZTU diagrams.
  • the at least partial press-hardening preferably takes place in a tool in which the at least partially hot forming is carried out, where the tool is actively cooled in at least one region in which the press-hardening is to be implemented, so that a rapid cooling by contact with the Tool part, in particular with the tool surface / -wirk Structure is effected to austenite in a hard structure, which in particular predominantly martensite and / or bainite may have to convert, (M f martensite finish).
  • the required cooling rates can also be taken from the ZTU diagrams, depending on the target structure.
  • Under at least partially hot forming is in particular a molding of the preform of the rim and optionally the wheel in the desired final geometry (desired geometry) of the rim and wheel, in other words in the desired final geometry of the wheel, and / or a calibration to improve the dimensional accuracy or compliance with Toleran - to understand zen.
  • a final component with final mechanical properties and at least partially predominantly marttensitic and / or bainitic microstructure of the rim or of the wheel is provided. If necessary, the rim or the wheel can also be completely press hardened.
  • a predominantly martensitic and / or bainitic structure presupposes a minimum proportion of the structural phase individually or in combination of 50%.
  • the rotationally symmetrical and / or tubular and / or near-net shape preform of the rim is produced in particular from a flat sheet metal blank made of a hardenable steel material.
  • a preform of the rim can preferably be provided with a rim well and / or hump and / or rim shoulder and / or rim flange which is close to the final contour.
  • Under outer contour of the preform of the rim or the rim of the wheel is at least partially the outer geometry of the rim flange, in particular sections of the outer geometry of the rim flange and / or the rim shoulder, preferably in sections, the outer geometry of the rim flange, the rim shoulder and / or the Humps
  • the outer geometry of the rim flange, the rim shoulder, the hump and / or the rim well which is no longer visible, in particular, in the state of use of a mounted tire, is particularly preferred.
  • Under inner contour of the preform of the rim or the rim of the wheel is at least partially the inner geometry of the rim flange, in particular sections the inner geometry of the rim flange and / or the rim shoulder, preferably in sections the inner geometry of the rim flange, the rim shoulder and / or of the hump, particularly preferably in sections, the inner geometry of the rim flange, the rim shoulder, the hump and / or the rim well, which is at least partially visible in use, in particular, and is in direct contact with the wheel disc, to understand.
  • the wheel dish can be cold-formed or end-formed cold-formed near the final contour or else it can already be hot-formed at least in regions and optionally at least partially press-hardened.
  • the visible side of the wheel disc corresponds to the side facing away from the vehicle and the rear side corresponds to the side of the wheel disc facing the vehicle which is not visible to the vehicle when mounted on the vehicle.
  • the wheel disc preferably has a material thickness of up to 6 mm for the production of a wheel for passenger vehicles preferably or a thickness of more than 6 mm, in particular more than 8 mm for the production of a wheel for commercial vehicles, which by the higher wheel loads are justified.
  • the rim preferably has a material thickness up to a maximum of 3 mm for the production of a wheel for passenger vehicles or in particular a material thickness of more than 3 mm for the production of a wheel for commercial vehicles, which are justified by the higher wheel loads.
  • deviations from the aforementioned material thicknesses are conceivable in further embodiments depending on the design and vehicle type.
  • the at least partially press-hardening of the preform of the rim and optionally the wheel disc is additionally assisted by the use of a fluid which is brought into direct contact with the warm preform of the rim and optionally warm wheel disc.
  • a fluid which is brought into direct contact with the warm preform of the rim and optionally warm wheel disc.
  • the invention relates to a multi-part tool for producing a wheel for a vehicle with a rim for receiving a tire and to the rim material, force and / or form-fitting tethered wheel with a connection area for releasable mounting to a Radffy, with at least one inner die, at least one upper die and at least two outer dies, wherein the outer dies each at least partially have an active surface which at least partially correspond to the final geometry of the outer contour of the rim of the wheel, with a warm preform the rim between the
  • the warm preform of the rim can be converted into the final geometry of the outer contour of the rim of the wheel, at least partially hot-formed and at least partially press-hardened at least z white outer dies are translationally movable and in the contracted state, the rim of the wheel along its outer contour at least partially, in particular substantially completely can accommodate.
  • the rim of the wheel along its outer contour in the contracted state at least partially, in particular substantially completely, so that at least the warm preform of the rim in the multi-part tool at least at least partially thermoformed and at least partially press-hardened, where at least partially in the rim of the wheel by the at least partial press hardening, a hardened structure is formed by which a high dimensional stability can be achieved by avoiding springback.
  • outer dies are therefore not reduced to two.
  • three, four or more than four outer dies are each translationally movable and an effective face designed correspondingly to the outer contour of the rim for at least partially receiving the rim or the wheel enable.
  • Translationally movable means that the outer valley can preferably be moved radially in the direction of the rim or the wheel, and in particular the axis of rotation of the rim or of the wheel corresponds to the central point in the tool, in particular for the movable embodiment of the outer dies.
  • the inner die and / or the upper die are translationally movable, particularly preferably in the axial direction of the wheel.
  • they are coaxially movable with each other, wherein the axis of rotation of the rim and the axes of the inner and Obergesenks are congruent, in particular the inner die or the upper die can be rigid, whereby the tool can be fitted with less movable components and simpler.
  • the tool at least partially, in particular substantially completely absorbs the wheel in the contracted state, so that a component distortion can be substantially prevented.
  • the inner die and / or the upper die each have an active surface, which acts on the visible side and / or back of the Radschüs- sel arranged between the outer dies, warm preform of the rim with attached Radschadorel, which optionally optionally at least partially thermoforming the wheel disc and at least partially press-hardening it, and in particular the active surfaces at least partially correspond to the final geometry of the connection area on the wheel disc.
  • the at least partially hot forming with at least partial press hardening of the wheel disc next to the rim in the multipart Implemented tool and thereby reducing the manufacturing cost and rework and the dimensional accuracy of the overall wheel can be increased.
  • the inner die and / or the upper die are formed such that they each have a further active surface, which are at least partially circumferentially provided around the active surface for the wheel and at least partially the end geometry of the inner contour of the rim Rades correspond, so that sufficient hardening and dimensional stability can be made possible by the two-sided tool contact.
  • Fig. 15 is a perspective view of an assembled wheel. Description of the Preferred Embodiments
  • the wheel (1) for a vehicle comprises a rim (2) for receiving a tire (not shown) and a wheel bowl (3) connected to the rim (2) in a material, force and / or form-locking manner with a connection region (3.1). for detachable mounting to a wheel carrier, not shown, FIG. 15.
  • the connection of the wheel disc (3) to the rim (2) takes place by means of an interference fit (force and / or form fit) in combination with a thermal joining method ( Material connection) such as a MAG or laser welding.
  • the wheel (1) can be designed for a passenger vehicle, with a material thickness of up to 3 mm being preferred for the rim (2) and preferably a material thickness of up to 6 mm for the wheel disc (3), or in particular for a commercial vehicle are designed, wherein for the rim (2) preferably a material thickness of more than 3 mm and for the wheel disc (3) preferably a material thickness is provided with more than 6 mm.
  • a rotationally symmetrical and / or tubular and / or near-net shape preform of the rim (2 ') and a wheel disc (3') are provided (not shown).
  • the rotationally symmetrical and / or tubular and / or near-net shape preform of the rim (2 ') is produced in particular from a flat sheet metal blank made of a hardenable steel material by means of cold forming, for example by profiling from a hardenable steel material and preferably has an at least near net shape rim base and / or hump and / or rim shoulder and / or rim flange and receiving area of a valve (not shown).
  • the wheel dish (3 ') can also be produced from a hardenable steel material, in particular by means of cold forming, near the end geometry (not shown).
  • the wheel disc (3 ') is connected to the preform of the rim (2') in a material, force and / or form-fitting manner (not shown) and can be used as an already prefabricated, assembled wheel (1 '). be further processed.
  • the connection is made by a press fit in combination with a thermal joining method such as. a MAG or laser welding.
  • the preform of the rim (2 ') with the connected wheel bowl (3') is heated by suitable means, for example in a continuous furnace, at least partially or completely to a temperature of at least A Ci , preferably at least A C 3 warms, with the warm preform of the rim (2 ') or the warm prefabricated wheel (T) then at least partially thermoformed and at least partially press hardened tet is.
  • suitable means for example in a continuous furnace, at least partially or completely to a temperature of at least A Ci , preferably at least A C 3 warms, with the warm preform of the rim (2 ') or the warm prefabricated wheel (T) then at least partially thermoformed and at least partially press hardened tet is.
  • the connected wheel disc (3 ') can optionally also be heated at least partially, in particular actively.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 show a process sequence of a method for producing a wheel (1) at different times using the example of a multi-part tool (10) in a perspective view according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the at least partially hot forming with at least partial press hardening is carried out in a multi-part tool (10), wherein the multi-part tool (10) at least one inner die (1 1), at least one upper die (12) and at least two outer valley (13 ) having.
  • the outer dies (13) each have, at least in regions, an active surface (13.1) which at least partially corresponds to the final geometry of the outer contour (2.2) of the rim (2) of the wheel (1).
  • the prefabricated wheel (1 ') is provided for at least partially hot forming and at least partially press-hardening (FIG. 1).
  • the prefabricated wheel (1 ') with the warm preform of the rim (2') is arranged between the outer dies (13) in the tool (10), in particular inserted in the opened tool (10), wherein in particular the inside - Drop (1 1) is designed such that it can accommodate the prefabricated wheel (1 ') ( Figure 2).
  • the upper die (12) are translationally movable and the inner die (1 1) is rigid.
  • the inner die (1 1) can also be translato- Risch movably executed or the upper die (12) rigid and only the inner die (1 1) be made translationally movable. If the active surfaces (1.1.1, 12.1) on the inner die (11) and on the upper die (12) have, for example, at least in part the final geometry of the connection region, the wheel bowl (3 ') can be in the warm state of the attachment. bonding area (3.1) in the multi-part mold (10) at least partially hot-formed and optionally at least partially press-hardened.
  • the inner die (11) can be designed, for example, segmented in order to reduce the shrinking of the wheel disc (3) and / or the rim (2) in order to achieve a smooth process sequence without component damage.
  • the two outer dies (13) are moved translationally in the direction of the preform of the rim (2 '), symbolized by the illustrated arrows, so that in the combined state, the rim (2) of the wheel (1) along its outer contour (2.2 ) of the rim (2) at least partially, in particular substantially completely can accommodate.
  • the preform of the rim (2 ') by the action of the active surfaces (13.1) of the outer dies (13) on the outer contour (2.2') of the preform of the rim (2 ') in the final geometry of the outer contour
  • the inner die (1 1) and / or the upper die (12) are formed such that they each have a further active surface (1 1.2, 12.2), which at least partially circumferentially around the active surface (1 1.1, 12.1) for the Radschüs- sel (3 ') are provided and at least partially the final geometry of the inner contour
  • (2.3) correspond to the rim (2) of the wheel (1), wherein the warm preform of the rim (2 ') by the action of further active surfaces (1 1 .2, 12.2) of the inner die (1 1) and / or upper die (12 ) on the inner contour (2.3 ') of the preform of the rim (2') at least partially transferred to the final geometry of the inner contour (2.3) of the rim (2) of the wheel (1), at least partially hot-formed and at least partially press-hardened.
  • the further active surfaces (1 1.2, 12.2) in the multi-part tool can serve as a kind of counter bearing, in particular if the active surfaces (13.1) of the outer dies (13) act on the outer contour (2.2 ') of the preform of the rim (2').
  • the rim (2) of the wheel (1) and thereby accommodate the rim (2) between them and a certain dimensional accuracy in the rim (2) can be adjusted by two-sided tool contact and at least partial press hardening.
  • the at least partial press hardening in particular by the tool contact (1 1, 12, 13), arises at least partially in the rim (2) and optionally at least partially in the Radschadorel (3) of the wheel (1) a hardness structure through which a high dimensional stability by avoiding springback and durability can be achieved.
  • the outer valley (13) is designed to be transparent in FIG. 4, so that it can be shown that the wheel (1) is at least partially, preferably substantially completely, accommodated when the tool (10) is moved together.
  • the tool (10) is after a predetermined time, in particular after reaching a temperature, in particular when all conversion processes (bainite and / or martensite) are substantially completed and the desired structure in the wheel (1) is set, in particular after reaching the M f temperature, again opened and the assembled wheel (1) can be removed and in particular further steps are supplied, such as a blast treatment of the surface for the eventual removal of a resulting scale on the wheel (1) and / or a cathodic Dipcoating (KTL) for setting a given corrosion protection.
  • a blast treatment of the surface for the eventual removal of a resulting scale on the wheel (1)
  • KTL cathodic Dipcoating
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show a process sequence of a method for producing a wheel (1) at different times using the example of a multi-part tool (10) in perspective view according to a second embodiment according to the invention, where in the process sequence essentially the process sequence according to FIG
  • the first embodiment according to the invention with the difference corresponds to the fact that, instead of two now four outer counters (13) in the tool (10) translationally movable, symbolized by the arrows, are provided.
  • the four outer dies (13) each enclose one quarter of the outer contour (2.2) of the rim (2) of the wheel (1).
  • a better force distribution and surface pressure can be achieved.
  • the tool (10) is after a predetermined time, in particular after reaching a temperature, in particular when all conversion processes (Bai nit and / or martensite) are substantially completed and the desired structure in the wheel (1) is set, in particular after reaching the m r temperature, reopened and the assembled wheel (1) can be removed.
  • FIGS. 7 to 10 show a process sequence of a method for producing a wheel (1) at different times using the example of a multi-part tool (10) in perspective view according to a third embodiment according to the invention.
  • the configuration of the tool (10) in FIGS. 7 to 10 essentially corresponds to the configuration of the tool (10) in FIGS. 5 and 6 or in FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • a not yet prefabricated or operable wheel (1 ') can alternatively be made available, wherein initially a preform of the rim (2') and a wheel disc (3 ') are provided separately from each other, and a connection of the wheel disc (3 ') during the at least partially hot forming with at least partial press hardening to the preform of the rim (2') and / or after the at least partially hot forming with at least partial press hardening of the wheel disc (3) to the rim (2 ) of the wheel (1) takes place in a separate step (not shown).
  • the preform of the rim (2 ') is heated or heated by suitable means, for example in a through-flow furnace, at least partially or completely to a temperature of at least A Ci , preferably at least A C 3.
  • the warm preform of the rim (2 ') is arranged between the outer dies (13) in the tool (10), in particular inserted into the opened tool (10), wherein in particular the inner die (1 1) is designed such that it can accommodate the warm preform of the rim (2 ') ( Figure 7).
  • a wheel dish (3, 3 ') in the cold state which in particular cold formed close to the final shape or final formed or even already optionally correspondingly optionally at least partially thermoformed and may be at least partially press hardened, or alternatively in the warm state, wherein it is by means of suitable means, for example in a continuous furnace, to a temperature of at least a Ci, preferably at least C 3 a, at least partially or entirely heated or warmed, is provided.
  • the cold or warm wheel bowl (3, 3 ') is inserted into the opened tool (10), in which already the warm preform of the rim (2') is located and on the active surface (1 1 .1) of the inner die (1 1 ), wherein the geometry of the inner die (1 1) is adapted to the rim (2, 2 ') such that the wheel disc (3, 3') can be placed inside the preform (2 '), wherein the warm preform of the rim (2 ') is dimensioned larger due to its thermal expansion compared to the cold state, d.
  • the upper die (12) is moved in a translatory manner in the direction of the inner die (11), symbolized by the illustrated arrow, wherein the upper die (12) also has an active surface (12.1) which faces the visible side (3.2 ') and the active surface (1 1.1) of the inner die (1 1) on the back (3.3') of the wheel disc (3, 3 ') act to at least to cause a fixation of the wheel dish (3, 3 '). If a warm wheel disc (3 ') is used, heat is dissipated by the tool contact (1 1, 12), so that at least cooling down in sections in the wheel disc (3') and, associated therewith, forming at least a portion Hardness structure can be initialized (Figure 9).
  • connection region (3.1) of the wheel disc (3) so that at least the connection area (3.1) the wheel bowl (3 ') in the hot state in the multi-part tool (10) at least partially thermoformed and optionally at least partially press-hardened.
  • the four outer dies (13) are moved translationally in the direction of the preform of the rim (2 '), symbolized by the illustrated arrows, so that in the collapsed state the rim (2) of the wheel (1) along its outer contour (2.2 ) can at least partially, in particular substantially completely absorb.
  • the preform of the rim (2 ') by the action of the active surfaces (13.1) of the outer dies (13) on the outer contour (2.2') of the preform of the rim (2 ') in the final geometry of the outer contour (2.2) of the rim (2) of the wheel (1) transferred, at least partially thermoformed and at least partially press-hardened (Figure 10).
  • the inner die (1 1) and / or the upper die (12) are formed such that they each have a further effective surface (1 1.2, 12.2) which at least partially circumferentially around the active surface (1 1.1, 12.1) for the wheel disc (3 ') are provided and correspond at least in sections to the final geometry of the inner contour (2.3) of the rim (2) of the wheel (1), wherein the warm preform of the rim (2') by acting on the further active surfaces (1 1.2 , 12.2) of the inner die (1 1) and / or upper die (12) on the inner contour (2.3 ') of the preform of the rim (2') at least partially into the Endgeome- industry of the inner contour (2.3) of the rim (2) of the wheel (1), at least partially thermoformed and at least partially press-cured.
  • the tool (10) is after a predetermined time, in particular after reaching a temperature, in particular when all conversion processes (bainite and / or martensite) are essentially completed and the desired structure in the wheel (1) is set, ins - Specially after reaching the M r temperature, reopened and the assembled wheel (1) can be removed and fed in particular further steps, such as a further joining step, preferably by welding to an additional To close the existing press fit between the wheel disc (3) and rim (2) and / or a cathodic dip coating (KTL) for setting a predetermined corrosion protection.
  • KTL cathodic dip coating
  • FIGS. 11 to 14 show a process sequence of a method for producing a wheel (1) at different times using the example of a multi-part tool (10) in a perspective view according to a fourth embodiment according to the invention.
  • the inner die (11) is designed to be movable at the top, translationally movable, and the upper die (12) is rigidly formed in the tool (10). Furthermore, the wheel disc (3, 3 '), irrespective of whether it is in the hot or cold state, is inserted into the opened tool (10) and placed on the active surface (12.1) of the upper die (12) (FIG ).
  • the preform of the rim (2 ') is heated or heated by suitable means, for example in a through-flow furnace, at least partially or completely to a temperature of at least A Ci , preferably at least A C 3.
  • the warm preform of the rim (2 ') is arranged between the outer dies (13) in the tool (10), in particular in the opened tool (10) inserted, in which already the warm or cold wheel bowl (3, 3') is located ,
  • the geometry of the upper die (12) is adapted to the rim (2, 2 ') in such a way that the warm preform of the rim (2') is as it were pushed over between the outer dies (13) and over the wheel bowl (3, 3 ') can be so that the warm preform of the rim (2 '), the Radschadorel (3, 3') within the preform of the rim (2 ') can take, the warm preform of the rim (2') due to their thermal expansion in comparison is dimensioned larger to the cold state, that is, that the diameter of the warm pre
  • the inner die (11) is moved in a translatory manner in the direction of the upper die (12), symbolized by the illustrated arrow, wherein the inner die (11) also has an effective face (1.1.1) which faces the rear (3.3 ') and the active surface (12.1) of the upper die (12) act on the visible side (3.2') of the wheel disc (3, 3 ') to effect at least one fixation of the wheel disc (3, 3'). If a warm wheel disc (3 ') is used, heat is dissipated by the tool contact (1 1, 12), so that at least one cooling down is carried out in sections in the wheel disc (3') and at least one sectional formation of a hardness structure is initialized (FIG. 13).
  • the active surfaces (11.1, 12.1) on the inner die (11) and on the upper die (12) preferably have at least partially the final geometry of the connection region (3.1) of the wheel disc (3), so that at least on the wheel disc (3 ') in the hot state of the connection region (3.1) in the multi-part tool (10) at least partially thermoformed and optionally at least partially press-hardened.
  • the inner die (11) can be designed, for example, segmented in order to reduce the shrinking of the wheel disc (3) and / or the rim (2) in order to achieve a smooth process sequence without component damage.
  • the four outer dies (13) are moved translationally in the direction of the preform of the rim (2 '), symbolized by the illustrated arrows, so that in the collapsed state the rim (2) of the wheel (1) along its outer contour (2.2 ), at least in some areas, for example, can absorb them substantially completely (FIG. 14), cf. also embodiment according to FIG. 10.
  • the tool (10) is essentially completed after a predetermined time, in particular after reaching a temperature, in particular when all conversion processes (bainite and / or martensite) have been completed and the desired structure in the wheel (1). is set, in particular after reaching the M r temperature, reopened and the assembled wheel (1) are removed.
  • Both wheels (1) for passenger vehicles and for commercial vehicles can be produced with the method and tool (10) according to the invention.
  • the individual features shown in the respective exemplary embodiments can also be combined with one another or with one another.
  • the rim (2) of the wheel (1) can be completely or only partially press-hardened, for example only areas such as, for example, the rim flange, the rim shoulder, the hump and / or the rim well.
  • the wheel dish (3) of the wheel (1) can either be completely press-hardened, partially or not at all.
  • the wheel disc (3) is completely press-hardened in a wheel (1) for passenger vehicles and / or the middle region with the ventilation holes in a wheel (1) for commercial vehicles.
  • the tool (10) can furthermore also have means (not shown) for active and / or passive cooling of the individual tool components (11, 12, 13) in order to produce a mass without any appreciable disruption, for example due to tool components to be heated. to ensure.
  • Translationally movable means that the outside Ke (13) radially in the direction of the rim (2, 2 ') respectively of the wheel (1) and are movable away, in particular the axis of rotation (A) of the rim (2, 2') respectively of the wheel (1) the central Point in the tool in particular for the movable execution of the outer Gesenk (13) corresponds.
  • a fluid can additionally be used, in particular if, for example, no tool contact can take place in regions, for example by means of undercut geometries on the wheels (1), so that this area can additionally be acted upon by a fluid in order to produce a certain cooling effect, so that also in these areas a hardness structure can be formed.
  • Tai- lored Products in particular materials with adjusted thicknesses or semi-finished products with adapted geometry, for example, press-rolled blanks, tailored welded blanks, tailored rolled blanks, etc.
  • the manufactured wheels (1) are used in passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, trucks, special vehicles, buses, buses, agricultural machinery, agricultural vehicles, military vehicles, whether with an internal combustion engine and / or electric drive, trailer, semi-trailer or trailers.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un outil multicomposant (10) pour la fabrication d'une roue (1) pour un véhicule ayant une jante (2) pour recevoir un pneu et un logement de roue (3) qui est relié à la jante (2) par liaison de matière, à force et/ou à complémentarité de formes et qui présente une zone de liaison (3.1) pour un montage amovible sur un porte-roue. En outre, l'invention concerne un outil alternatif et multicomposant (10) pour fabriquer une roue (1) pour un véhicule.
PCT/EP2019/058752 2018-04-17 2019-04-08 Procédé et outil pour la fabrication d'une roue de véhicule WO2019201635A1 (fr)

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DE102018205773.7A DE102018205773A1 (de) 2018-04-17 2018-04-17 Verfahren und Werkzeug zur Herstellung eines Fahrzeug-Rades
DE102018205773.7 2018-04-17

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DE102022124635A1 (de) 2022-09-26 2024-03-28 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Wärmebehandlungsanordnung mit einem hohlzylindrischen Metallbauteil und Wärmebehandlungsverfahren

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US20070175037A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2007-08-02 Hayes Lemmerz International Method for producing a wheel, disc
WO2008034564A1 (fr) * 2006-09-20 2008-03-27 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Procédé de fabrication d'un disque de roue
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CN114289589B (zh) * 2021-12-31 2024-04-12 浙江金固股份有限公司 工件的轻量化的加工方法和旋压装置

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