WO2019201356A1 - 饱和电抗器及其参数整定方法、装置及仿真设备 - Google Patents

饱和电抗器及其参数整定方法、装置及仿真设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019201356A1
WO2019201356A1 PCT/CN2019/091597 CN2019091597W WO2019201356A1 WO 2019201356 A1 WO2019201356 A1 WO 2019201356A1 CN 2019091597 W CN2019091597 W CN 2019091597W WO 2019201356 A1 WO2019201356 A1 WO 2019201356A1
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Prior art keywords
reactor
saturable reactor
branch
loss
parallel branch
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高冲
张娟娟
周建辉
张静
纪锋
贺之渊
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Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H02H9/021—Current limitation using saturable reactors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/045—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage adapted to a particular application and not provided for elsewhere
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/006—Calibration or setting of parameters

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of direct current transmission technology, for example, to a saturated reactor and a parameter tuning method, device and simulation device thereof.
  • the saturable reactor is an important protection component in the DC transmission converter valve. Its function is to limit the rapid rise of current when the thyristor is turned on, and to play a partial voltage in the circuit when the thyristor is turned off. Judging from the operation of the DC transmission project that has been put into operation, the current saturable reactors can effectively protect the reliable opening of the thyristors, but most of them have disadvantages such as loss and heat dissipation. In the related art, the saturation reactor of the converter valve adopts various ways to reduce the temperature rise.
  • the winding adopts a hollow tube to dissipate heat through the water, and the water-cooled heat dissipation plate is fixed between the cores, and the whole reactor is not packaged and exposed to the air. Natural cooling, this structure can effectively improve the temperature rise characteristics of the reactor, but the water circuit structure is complex and the failure rate is high.
  • the saturated reactor of the converter valve adopts the shell-type integral potting structure, and the winding also uses the hollow tube to dissipate heat through the water, but the core adopts the natural cooling method, so the temperature rise of the core is high.
  • the application provides a saturation reactor and a parameter tuning method, device and simulation device thereof, which are effective for reducing the core loss of the saturated reactor and improving the temperature rise characteristic thereof.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a saturable reactor, including: a main saturable reactor; a parallel branch, comprising: a branch resistor and a branch reactor connected in series, in parallel with the main saturable reactor, Set to transfer the loss of the main saturable reactor.
  • the branch reactor comprises: a branching reactor configured to transfer the loss of the main saturable reactor to the parallel branch when the converter valve is turned on and off.
  • the branch reactor comprises: a branch saturation reactor configured to transfer the loss of the main saturable reactor to the parallel branch when the converter valve is turned off.
  • the winding of the main saturable reactor is a hollow tube
  • the hollow tube is a coolant passage, and is arranged as a cooling iron core and a winding
  • the parallel branch is an integral package and is disposed on the water-cooled heat dissipation plate.
  • the branch resistors are arranged on both sides of the branch reactor and disposed on the water-cooled heat sink.
  • one side of the core of the branch reactor is fixed to the water-cooled heat sink by a metal clip.
  • a fastening gap between the main saturable reactor and the core of the branch reactor is provided with a gap of a preset width, and a gap pad corresponding to the gap width is adhered in the gap.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a parameter tuning method for a saturable reactor.
  • the parameter tuning method is used to set parameters of a parallel branch of a saturable reactor.
  • the parameter tuning method includes: according to any of the above implementations
  • the parameters of the main saturable reactor in the saturable reactor and the structure of the parallel branch obtain the initial parameters of the parallel branch; bring the initial parameters into the converter valve where the saturable reactor is located to calculate the saturation under multiple operating conditions
  • the loss of the reactor; the initial parameters of the parallel branch are adjusted according to the loss, and the parameters of the parallel branch are obtained.
  • the initial parameter is brought into the converter valve where the saturation reactor is located to calculate the loss of the saturated reactor under a plurality of operating conditions, including: examining the running performance of the saturated reactor in the converter valve; determining the converter valve Whether the running performance meets the preset running performance; when the running performance of the converter valve meets the preset running performance, the loss of the saturated reactor under multiple operating conditions is calculated.
  • adjusting the initial parameters of the parallel branch according to the loss, and obtaining the parallel branch tuning parameter includes: determining whether the loss exceeds the preset loss, and returning the saturated reactor according to any of the above embodiments when the loss exceeds the preset loss.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a parameter setting device for a saturable reactor.
  • the parameter setting device is configured to set parameters of a parallel branch of the saturable reactor, and the device includes: an acquiring module, configured according to the above The parameters of the main saturable reactor and the structure of the parallel branch in the saturable reactor according to any embodiment obtain the initial parameters of the parallel branch; the calculation module is set to bring the initial parameter into the converter valve where the saturable reactor is located Calculate the loss of the saturated reactor under multiple operating conditions; adjust the module, set the initial parameters of the parallel branch according to the loss ratio, and obtain the parameters of the parallel branch.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a simulation device, including: a controller, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory is stored by one processor
  • the executed instructions are executed by at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the parameter tuning method of the saturable reactor described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the saturated reactor provided by the embodiment of the present application and the parameter setting method, device and simulation device thereof are connected in parallel with a parallel branch circuit including a branch resistor and a branch reactor connected in series in the main saturation reactor at the two ends of the related art.
  • the loss of the main saturable reactor is transferred, so that the loss is reduced and the temperature rise is lowered.
  • the loss of the main saturable reactor is reduced, and the temperature rise characteristic is optimized.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the modular structure of a saturable reactor according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for tuning a saturated reactor parameter according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a saturable reactor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of another saturable reactor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a saturation reactor parameter setting device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a simulation device of an embodiment of the present application.
  • the saturable reactor may include:
  • the main saturable reactor 10; the parallel branch 20 includes: a branch resistor 21 and a branch reactor 22 connected in series in parallel with the main saturable reactor, and is arranged to transfer the loss of the main saturable reactor.
  • the main saturable reactor adopts a saturated reactor in the related art, and a parallel branch is merged at both ends of the main saturable reactor, and the branch can be composed of a branch resistor 21 and a branch reactor. 22 is connected in series.
  • the parallel branch is therefore caused.
  • the main saturable reactor can be shunted when the voltage change of the converter valve is turned on or off, thereby realizing the loss of the main saturated reactor.
  • the branch resistance can be a constant resistance, the smaller the value of the branch resistance is, the smaller the branch impedance is, the more obvious the shunting effect on the main reactor, and the more the transfer ratio of the main saturable reactor loss is.
  • the branch resistance can take a small value.
  • the parallel branch of the main saturable reactor is connected in parallel with a branch circuit composed of a branch resistor and a branch reactor, and the loss of the main saturable reactor is reduced, so that the loss is reduced and the temperature rise is lowered.
  • the loss of the main saturable reactor is reduced, and the temperature rise characteristic is optimized.
  • the branch reactor 22 includes a branching reactor 221 configured to transfer the loss of the main saturable reactor to the parallel branch when the converter valve is turned on and off.
  • the branch line reactor 221 can be a constant inductance inductor, and can be a core inductor or a coreless inductor. To reduce the volume of the branch reactor, it can be used in this embodiment. Core inductor.
  • the branch reactor is a branch reactor 221
  • the selection of the branch reactance value will affect the protection characteristics of the saturable reactor to the thyristor.
  • the inductance of the linear reactor is small, in order to reduce the reactor to the thyristor.
  • the inductance value is the same as the inductance of the main reactor when it is not saturated, but should be smaller than the inductance of the main reactor when it is not saturated. Since the inductance value of the branching reactor 221 is constant, the branch reactor acts to transfer the loss of the main reactor at the time of turn-on and turn-off.
  • the branch reactor may also be a branch saturation reactor 222, which is set to be turned off at the converter valve.
  • the branch saturated reactor 222 should adopt a structure of a small iron core and multiple windings; in order to ensure the suppression of the current rising rate of the saturated reactor as a whole, the core flux linkage is selected.
  • the branch saturation flux linkage should not be chosen too small and should be equal to or slightly lower than the saturation flux of the main saturable reactor.
  • the branch saturation reactor 222 is not saturated, the inductance value is large, the parallel branch is approximately open, and the main saturation reactor is desaturated and withstand voltage at the turn-off time.
  • the parallel saturation reactor will be re-saturated from the unsaturated state, which will function as shunt and transfer loss.
  • the main saturable reactor is a shell reactor structure; the branch reactor is a core reactor structure; and the main saturable reactor and the branch reactor are separately disposed.
  • the main saturable reactor and the parallel branch may be placed integrally or separately, in order to avoid excessive concentration of the weight, and at the same time facilitate maintenance and maintenance, and help realize industrial production.
  • the main saturation is adopted.
  • the reactor and the branch reactor are set in separate ways.
  • the main saturated reactor is adopted as a shell type saturated reactor structure, and the hollow tube is used as a reactor winding.
  • the material of the hollow tube may be aluminum or copper, and other hollow tubes which can be used as windings can be used as the embodiment.
  • the hollow tube is a coolant channel, which is arranged as a cooling iron core and a winding.
  • the tube is integrally cast in the epoxy resin, which not only ensures the insulation between the tube and the outer insulation, but also strengthens the mechanical mechanism of the saturated reactor. strength.
  • the core is fixed to the casted winding and then integrally encapsulated in the outer casing by an elastomer.
  • the main saturable reactor is designed with the following optimized process: the core with low loss and low magnetostriction rate reduces the heat generation of the core, and the magnetostriction rate of the core material is much smaller than that of the current saturated reactor core material. Therefore, the vibration characteristics of the saturable reactor can be significantly improved.
  • a high thermal conductivity epoxy casting tube is used.
  • the heat of the core of the shell reactor can be dissipated to the outside of the reactor through the elastomer and the outer casing, or can be dissipated by the epoxy to the cooling water inside the tube. Since the thermal conductivity of the epoxy resin is very low, the heat conduction from the core to the tube is small.
  • the high thermal conductivity epoxy resin after the optimized formulation is used to accelerate the release of the core heat. Bond the core air gap with an adhesive.
  • the electromagnetic attraction force generated by the magnetic flux leakage between the air gap of the silicon steel sheet and the lamination is one of the main factors causing the vibration of the core.
  • the adhesion of the core air gap with the adhesive can reduce the collision between the contact surfaces. Tests have shown that under the same excitation, the vibration and noise of the bonded core are significantly reduced.
  • the branch saturated reactor 222 is a multi-winding structure.
  • the windings are designed to be multi-turn, so that the number of volt-seconds of the shunt reactor and the main saturable reactor are similar.
  • the shunt resistor is placed around the shunt reactor and is integrally encapsulated in the housing with an elastomer.
  • the elastomer has a large internal loss factor, which increases the overall damping characteristics of the saturable reactor, thereby reducing vibration.
  • the parallel branch is designed with the following optimized process: the same as the main saturable reactor, the branch saturated reactor 222 uses a low loss, low magnetostriction core; the branch saturated reactor 222 and the branch resistor are integrally cast.
  • the structure of the package is designed with the following optimized process: the same as the main saturable reactor, the branch saturated reactor 222 uses a low loss, low magnetostriction core; the branch saturated reactor 222 and the branch resistor are integrally cast.
  • the branch resistor also generates a large amount of heat during the operation of the reactor.
  • the branch resistors are arranged on both sides of the branch reactor, and are disposed at Water cooled heat sink.
  • the branch resistors are arranged on the two sides of the branch reactor, and can be fixed on the water-cooled heat dissipation plate by metal clips, and dissipated by the water-cooled heat sink.
  • the shunt reactor and the parallel resistor are collectively packaged in the same casing.
  • the elastomer has a large internal loss factor, which increases the overall damping characteristics of the saturable reactor and reduces vibration.
  • the fastening between the main saturable reactor and the core of the branch reactor is provided with a gap of a preset width, and the gap is bonded with a gap width corresponding to the gap width.
  • Gap pad In an embodiment, the core is a C-shaped or U-shaped structure, and the pair is fastened in a straight line segment of the winding, and is fixed by a metal clip, and an air gap is left at the fastening between each pair of cores, and the air gap width is determined by a standard thickness.
  • the air gap pad control, the air gap can be adjusted according to the electrical performance design of the saturable reactor. By bonding the iron core air gap surface, the vibration propagation can be damped, thereby reducing the noise.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a parameter tuning method for a saturable reactor.
  • the parameter tuning method is used for setting parameters of a parallel branch of a saturable reactor. As shown in FIG. 2, the parameter tuning method includes:
  • the parameters of the main reactor are mainly determined by the common parameters of other components of the converter valve, and the parameters of the main saturable reactor include: main reactor air core inductor L a , main reactor winding resistance R cu , main inductor's magnetizing inductance L m (represented by the flux-current curve of the iron core) and resistance R m representing the core eddy current loss. Therefore, the parameters of the saturable reactor are mainly the parameters of the parallel branch.
  • the parameters required for the structure of the different parallel branches are different, as shown in FIG. 3, when the branch reactor is a linear inductor,
  • the main parameters are the branch inductance value L z and the branch resistance value R z .
  • the branch reactor when the branch reactor is the branch saturated reactor 222, there is a branch resistance value R z , the hollow inductor L za of the branch saturation reactor 222, the winding resistance R zcu , and the excitation of the main reactor.
  • the saturation flux linkage may not be too small, and should be equal to or slightly lower than the saturation flux of the main reactor.
  • the smaller value of the hollow inductor L za and the winding resistance R zcu of the reactor can be ignored.
  • the initial parameters are selected according to the parallel branch structure and the selection rule described above. In this embodiment, the initial parameters may select multiple sets of standby.
  • S20 Bring the initial parameters into the converter valve where the saturable reactor is located to control the operation of the converter valve. After selecting the initial parameters, the converter valve in which the saturable reactor is located can be simulated according to the selected initial parameters.
  • S30 Determine whether the running performance of the converter valve meets the preset running performance. When the running performance of the converter valve satisfies the preset running performance, the process proceeds to S40. When the running performance of the converter valve does not reach the preset running performance, return to S10 and re-select the initial parameters.
  • the preset loss may be set for the loss of the main saturable reactor, and it may be determined whether the loss of the main saturable reactor exceeds a preset loss.
  • the loss exceeds the preset loss return to S10, and re-select the initial
  • the loss of the main saturable reactor can be reduced by 20% to 40%, and the overall performance of the saturable reactor is unchanged, and the replacement is satisfied.
  • Flow valve operation requirements by simulating the operation of the saturable reactor and adjusting the parallel branch, the loss of the main saturable reactor can be reduced by 20% to 40%, and the overall performance of the saturable reactor is unchanged, and the replacement is satisfied.
  • the initial parameters of the parallel branch are determined, and the initial parameters are brought into the converter valve where the saturated reactor is located to calculate the loss of the saturated reactor under multiple operating conditions; Adjust the initial parameters of the parallel branch to obtain the parameters of the parallel branch.
  • the parameters of the parallel branch can be precisely matched with the parameters of the main reactor, and the basic electrical performance of the main saturable reactor is not affected, and the loss of the main saturable reactor is reduced, and the temperature rise characteristic is optimized.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a parameter setting device for a saturable reactor.
  • the device includes: an acquisition module 100, configured according to parameters of a main saturable reactor in a saturable reactor and a structure of a parallel branch Determining an initial parameter of the parallel branch; the calculation module 200 is configured to bring the initial parameter into the converter valve where the saturation reactor is located to calculate the loss of the saturable reactor under a plurality of operating conditions; the adjustment module 300 is set to account for the loss The initial parameters of the parallel branch are adjusted to obtain the parallel branch tuning parameters.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a simulation device.
  • the simulation device is configured to simulate a reactor operation by simulating a reactor operation, where the simulation device includes one or more processors 61 and The memory 62 is exemplified by a processor 61 in FIG.
  • the emulation device may also include an input device 63 and an output device 64.
  • the input device 63 in the simulation device can receive parameter information of the input reactor, for example, selecting a set of parallel branch parameters to input to the simulation device, simulating a complete saturable reactor topology; and output device 64 displaying the simulation result, for example,
  • the running performance of the saturable reactor in the converter valve is shown, which is not limited to the following characteristics: the suppression of the on-current rising rate of the saturable reactor; the oscillation characteristic of the on-current under the transient condition, and whether the current trough value has passed Zero point; the change of the voltage stress of the main reactor after adding the parallel branch; the output device 64 can also display the loss information including the main reactor loss, the branch resistance loss, the branch reactor loss, and the loss analysis result.
  • the memory 62 can store the emulation program and the emulation parameters, and the processor 61 can call the emulation program stored in the memory 62 to execute the parameter tuning method of

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Abstract

一种饱和电抗器及其参数整定方法、装置及仿真设备，其中，该饱和电抗器包括：主饱和电抗器(10)；并联支路(20)，该并联支路包括：依次串联的支路电阻(21)和支路电抗器(22)，与主饱和电抗器并联，设置为转移主饱和电抗器的损耗。该饱和电抗器及其参数整定方法、装置及仿真设备，较为有效的降低了饱和电抗器铁心损耗、改善其温升特性。

Description

饱和电抗器及其参数整定方法、装置及仿真设备
本申请要求在2018年4月17日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810343928.8的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及直流输电技术领域，例如涉及一种饱和电抗器及其参数整定方法、装置及仿真设备。
背景技术
饱和电抗器是直流输电换流阀中一种重要的保护元件，它的作用是在晶闸管开通时限制电流的快速上升，以及在晶闸管关断时在电路中起到分压的作用。从已投运的直流输电工程运行情况来看，目前的饱和电抗器均能有效保护晶闸管的可靠开通，但多数存在损耗、散热等方面的不足。相关技术中，换流阀的饱和电抗器采用多种途径来降低温升，一，绕组采用空心管通水散热，铁心间固定了水冷散热板，同时整台电抗器未封装暴露在空气中进行自然冷却，这种结构可以有效改善电抗器的温升特性，但水路结构复杂，故障率较高。二、换流阀的饱和电抗器采用壳式整体灌封结构，绕组也采用空心管通水散热，但铁心采用自然冷却方式，因此铁心的温升较高。三，结合第二种的饱和电抗器结构，但加入了铁心散热器，旨在改善铁心散热条件，降低温升，但由于铁心散热器放置在电抗器内壁，内壁空气流通率低，导致对整体温升的改善非常有限。四、采用更低损耗的铁心，直接降低饱和电抗器损耗，目前饱和电抗器中采用的铁芯损耗已很低，若进一步降低损耗，会带来成本增加、饱和磁密降低等问题。
因此，如何较为有效的降低饱和电抗器铁心损耗、改善其温升特性成为亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种饱和电抗器及其参数整定方法、装置及仿真设备，较为有效的降低饱和电抗器铁心损耗、改善其温升特性。
在一实施例中，本申请实施例提供了一种饱和电抗器，包括：主饱和电抗器；并联支路，包括：依次串联的支路电阻和支路电抗器，与主饱和电抗器并联，设置为转移主饱和电抗器的损耗。
可选地，支路电抗器包括：支路线性电抗器，设置为在换流阀开通和关断时将主饱和电抗器的损耗转移到并联支路上。
可选地，支路电抗器包括：支路饱和电抗器，设置为在换流阀关断时，将主饱和电抗器的损耗转移到并联支路上。
可选地，主饱和电抗器的绕组为空心管，空心管为冷却液通道，设置为冷却铁芯和绕组；并联支路为整体封装，设置在水冷散热板上。
可选地，支路电阻分列设置在支路电抗器的两侧，设置在水冷散热板上。
可选地，支路电抗器的铁心的一侧通过金属夹件固定在水冷散热板上。
可选地，主饱和电抗器和支路电抗器的铁芯间的扣接处设置有预设宽度的间隙，间隙内粘接有与间隙宽度对应的间隙垫。
在一实施例中，本申请实施例提供了一种饱和电抗器的参数整定方法，参数整定方法用于对饱和电抗器的并联支路的参数进行整定，参数整定方法包括：根据上述任一实施例所述的饱和电抗器中主饱和电抗器的参数以及并联支路的结构获取并联支路的初始参数；将初始参数带入饱和电抗器所在的换流阀中计算多个运行工况下饱和电抗器的损耗；根据损耗调整并联支路初始参数，得到并联支路整定参数。
可选地，将初始参数带入饱和电抗器所在的换流阀中计算多个运行工况下饱和电抗器的损耗包括：考察饱和电抗器在换流阀中的运行性能；判断换流阀的运行性能是否满足预设运行性能；当换流阀的运行性能满足预设运行性能时，计算多个运行工况下饱和电抗器的损耗。
可选地，当换流阀的运行性能未达到预设运行性能时，返回根据上述任一实施例所述的饱和电抗器中主饱和电抗器的参数以及并联支路的结构获取并联支路的初始参数的步骤。
可选地，根据损耗调整并联支路初始参数，得到并联支路整定参数包括：判断损耗是否超出预设损耗，当损耗超出预设损耗时，返回根据上述任一实施 例所述的饱和电抗器中主饱和电抗器的参数以及并联支路的结构获取并联支路的初始参数的步骤。
在一实施例中，本申请实施例提供了一种饱和电抗器的参数整定装置，参数整定装置设置为对饱和电抗器的并联支路的参数进行整定，装置包括：获取模块，设置为根据上述任一实施例所述的饱和电抗器中主饱和电抗器的参数以及并联支路的结构获取并联支路的初始参数；计算模块，设置为将初始参数带入饱和电抗器所在的换流阀中计算多个运行工况下饱和电抗器的损耗；调整模块，设置为根据损耗占比调整并联支路初始参数，得到并联支路整定参数。
在一实施例中，本申请实施例提供了一种仿真设备，包括：控制器，包括：至少一个处理器；以及与至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，存储器存储有可被一个处理器执行的指令，指令被至少一个处理器执行，以使至少一个处理器执行上述任一实施例所述的饱和电抗器的参数整定方法。
本申请实施例提供的饱和电抗器及其参数整定方法、装置及仿真设备，在相关技术中的主饱和电抗器的两端并联一个包括依次串联的支路电阻和支路电抗器的并联支路转移了主饱和电抗器的损耗，使其损耗减小，温升降低。在不改变主饱和电抗器铁心材料与整体结构和不改变饱和电抗器对晶闸管的保护性能不受影响的前提下，降低了主饱和电抗器损耗，优化了温升特性。
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图1示出了本申请实施例的饱和电抗器的模块化结构示意图；
图2示出了本申请实施例的饱和电抗器参数整定方法的流程示意图；
图3示出了本申请实施例的一种饱和电抗器的电路示意图；
图4示出了本申请实施例的另一种饱和电抗器的电路示意图；
图5示出了本申请实施例的饱和电抗器参数整定装置示意图；
图6示出了本申请实施例的仿真设备示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种饱和电抗器，如图1所示，该饱和电抗器可以包 括：
主饱和电抗器10；并联支路20，包括：依次串联的支路电阻21和支路电抗器22，与主饱和电抗器并联，设置为转移主饱和电抗器的损耗。在本实施例中，主饱和电抗器采用相关技术中的饱和电抗器，在主饱和电抗器的两端并入一条并联支路，该支路可以由一个支路电阻21和一个支路电抗器22串联而成，在本实施例中，由于饱和电抗器的损耗主要是由饱和电抗器所在的换流阀和其他换流阀在开通或关断时刻电压跳变引起的，因此，并联支路，可以在换流阀开通或关断时刻电压跳变时，对主饱和电抗器进行分流，从而实现转移主饱和电抗器的损耗。在本实施例中，支路电阻可以为恒定电阻，支路电阻取值越小，支路阻抗越小，对主电抗器的分流效果越明显，对主饱和电抗器损耗的转移占比越多，在本实施例中，支路电阻可取较小的值。
在相关技术中的主饱和电抗器的两端并联一个由支路电阻和支路电抗器串联构成的并联支路，转移主饱和电抗器的损耗，使其损耗减小，温升降低。在不改变主饱和电抗器铁心材料与整体结构和不改变饱和电抗器对晶闸管的保护性能的前提下，降低了主饱和电抗器损耗，优化了温升特性。
在可选的实施例中，如图3所示，支路电抗器22包括：支路线性电抗器221，设置为在换流阀开通和关断时将主饱和电抗器的损耗转移到并联支路上。在本实施例中，支路线性电抗器221可以为感值恒定的电感，可以为有芯电感，也可以为无芯电感，为减小支路电抗器的体积，在本实施例中可以采用有芯电感。当支路电抗器为支路线性电抗器221时，支路电抗值的选取会影响饱和电抗器对晶闸管的保护特性，通常，线性电抗器的电感值较小，为减小电抗器对晶闸 管的保护特性的影响，在本实施例中，电感值与主电抗器的不饱和时电感取同一数量级的电感值，但应小于主电抗器的不饱和时电感值。由于支路线性电抗器221的电感值恒定，在开通和关断时刻，支路电抗器都起到了转移主电抗器损耗的作用。
为了减小饱和电抗器对晶闸管的保护特性的影响，在可选的实施例中，如图4所示，支路电抗器还可以为支路饱和电抗器222，设置为在换流阀关断时，将主饱和电抗器的损耗转移到并联支路上。在本实施例中，为了不增加饱和电抗器的体积，支路饱和电抗器222应采用小铁芯多绕组的结构；为保证饱和电抗器整体对电流上升率的抑制，在选取铁芯磁链-电流曲线时，支路饱和磁链不可选取过小，应等于或略低于主饱和电抗器饱和磁链。在本实施例中，在换流阀开通初始时刻，支路饱和电抗器222未饱和，电感值较大，并联支路近似开路，关断时刻，主饱和电抗器退饱和，承受电压，该电压会使并联饱和电抗器从不饱和状态重新进入饱和状态，起到分流和转移损耗的作用。
在可选地实施例中，主饱和电抗器为壳式电抗器结构；支路电抗器为芯式电抗器结构；主饱和电抗器与支路电抗器分立设置。在本实施例中，主饱和电抗器和并联支路可以整体放置也可以分立放置，为避免重量过度集中，同时方便检修和维护，助于实现产业化生产，在本实施例中，采用主饱和电抗器与支路电抗器分立设置方式进行设置。在本实施例中，主饱和电抗器采为壳式饱和电抗器结构，采用空心管为电抗器绕组，空心管的材质可以为铝或铜，其他可以作为绕组的空心管均可以作为本实施例中的电抗器的绕组，空心管为冷却液通道，设置为冷却铁芯和绕组，管整体浇注于环氧树脂中，既保证了管匝间绝缘和对外绝缘，也增强了饱和电抗器的机械强度。铁心固定在浇注后的绕组上， 然后整体再用弹性体封装于外壳中。主饱和电抗器在设计时采用了如下优化工艺：采用低损耗、低磁致伸缩率的铁心，既降低了铁心发热量，同时该铁心材料的磁致伸缩率远小于当前饱和电抗器铁心材料，因此能显著改善饱和电抗器振动特性。采用高导热系数环氧树脂浇注管。壳式电抗器铁心热量既可以通过弹性体和外壳向电抗器外部散热，也可以通过环氧树脂到达管向内部的冷却水散热。由于环氧树脂的导热系数很低，导致铁心向管传导的热量很小，本发实施例采用优化配方后的高导热环氧树脂，加快铁心热量的释放。将铁心气隙处用粘合剂粘接。硅钢片气隙处和叠片之间因漏磁而产生的电磁吸引力是造成铁心振动的主要因素之一，将铁心气隙处用粘合剂粘接，可减小接触面间的碰撞，试验表明，相同激励下，粘接后的铁心振动和噪声都显著降低。
在可选地实施例中，支路饱和电抗器222为多绕组结构。在本实施例中，仅采用一对铁心，绕组设计为多匝，使得并联电抗器与主饱和电抗器的伏秒数相近。并联电阻放置在并联电抗器周围，并用弹性体整体封装于外壳中。弹性体具有较大内损耗因子，能增加饱和电抗器的整体阻尼特性，从而降低振动。并联支路在设计时采用了如下优化工艺：与主饱和电抗器相同，支路饱和电抗器222采用低损耗、低磁致伸缩率的铁心；支路饱和电抗器222和支路电阻采用整体浇注封装的结构。
支路电阻在电抗器运行过程中也会产生较大的热量，为增加支路电阻的散热，在可选的实施例中，支路电阻分列设置在支路电抗器的两侧，设置在水冷散热板上。将支路电阻分列设置在支路电抗器的两侧，可以通过金属夹件固定在水冷散热板上，借助水冷散热板散热。并联电抗器和并联电阻用弹性体共同封装在同一外壳中，弹性体具有较大内损耗因子，能增加饱和电抗器的整体阻 尼特性，从而降低振动。
为进一步减小振动噪声，在可选的实施例中，主饱和电抗器和支路电抗器的铁芯间的扣接处设置有预设宽度的间隙，间隙内粘接有与间隙宽度对应的间隙垫。在一实施例中，铁心为C型或U型结构，成对扣接于绕组的直线段，通过金属夹件固定，每对铁心间的扣接处留有气隙，气隙宽度用标准厚度的气隙垫控制，气隙可根据饱和电抗器的电气性能设计进行调整。通过对铁芯气隙面的粘接，可以阻尼振动的传播，从而达到减小噪声的作用。
本申请实施例还提供了一种饱和电抗器的参数整定方法，该参数整定方法用于对饱和电抗器的并联支路的参数进行整定，如图2所示，该参数整定方法包括：
S10、根据饱和电抗器中主饱和电抗器的参数以及并联支路的结构确定并联支路的初始参数。在一实施例中，由于主饱和电抗器采用常规用的饱和电抗器，主电抗器的参数主要由换流阀其他组件的参数共同设计决定，主饱和电抗器的参数包括：主电抗器空心电感L a、主电抗器绕组电阻R cu、主电抗器的励磁电感L m(可用铁芯的磁链-电流曲线表示)和代表铁心涡流损耗的电阻R m。因此，饱和电抗器的参数主要为并联支路的参数，在本实施例中，不同的并联支路的结构所需的参数不同，如图3所示，当支路电抗器为线性电感时，主要参数为支路电感值L z、支路电阻值R z。在一实施例中，支路电感值L z与主饱和电抗器在不饱和时的电感取同一数量级，但应小于主饱和电抗器的不饱和电感。
如图4所示，当支路电抗器为支路饱和电抗器222时，有支路电阻值R z、支路饱和电抗器222的空心电感L za、绕组电阻R zcu、主电抗器的励磁电感L zm (铁芯的磁链-电流曲线)以及代表铁芯涡流损耗的电阻R zm。在一实施例中，为保证饱和电抗器整体对电流上升率的抑制，在选取铁芯磁链-电流曲线时，饱和磁链不可选取过小，应等于或略低于主电抗器饱和磁链；电抗器的空心电感L za和绕组电阻R zcu取值较小可以暂不考虑。支路电阻取值R z越小，支路阻抗越小，对主电抗器的分流效果越明显，因此支路电阻可取较小的值。初始参数为根据上述的并联支路结构和选取规则选取的，在本实施例中，初始参数可以选取多组备用。
S20、将初始参数带入饱和电抗器所在的换流阀中控制换流阀运行。在选初始参数后，可以根据选定的初始参数仿真饱和电抗器所在的换流阀运行。
S30、判断换流阀的运行性能是否满足预设运行性能。当换流阀的运行性能满足预设运行性能时，进入S40。在换流阀的运行性能未达到预设运行性能时，返回S10，重新选择初始参数。
S40、计算多个运行工况下饱和电抗器的损耗。在本实施例中，在换流阀运行时，采集主饱和电抗器的损耗，支路电抗器和支路电阻的损耗。并且，可以模拟不同种工况下的饱和电抗器运行时主饱和电抗器的损耗，以及支路电抗器和支路电阻的损耗，在本实施例中，也可以根据主饱和电抗器的损耗，支路电抗器的损耗，以及支路电路的损耗计算出并联支路的损耗占比，可以较为清楚的得到并联支路在减小主饱和电抗器损耗的效果。
S50、判断损耗是否超出预设损耗。在本实施例中，预设损耗可以为针对主饱和电抗器的损耗设定的，可以判断主饱和电抗器的损耗是否超过预设损耗，当损耗超出预设损耗时，返回S10，重新选择初始参数，当损耗未超过预设损耗 时，进入S60。
S60、确定所选参数为并联支路的整定参数。
在本实施例中，通过仿真饱和电抗器运行，并对并联支路进行整定后，可将主饱和电抗器的损耗减小20％～40％，同时饱和电抗器的整体性能不变，满足换流阀运行要求。
根据主饱和电抗器的参数以及并联支路的结构确定并联支路的初始参数，将初始参数带入饱和电抗器所在的换流阀中计算多个运行工况下饱和电抗器的损耗；根据损耗调整并联支路初始参数，得到并联支路整定参数。可以使得并联支路的参数与主电抗器参数精确配合，既要保证主饱和电抗器的基本电气性能不受影响，又要降低主饱和电抗器损耗，优化温升特性。
本申请实施例还提供了一种饱和电抗器的参数整定装置，如图5所示，该装置包括：获取模块100，设置为根据饱和电抗器中主饱和电抗器的参数以及并联支路的结构确定并联支路的初始参数；计算模块200，设置为将初始参数带入饱和电抗器所在的换流阀中计算多个运行工况下饱和电抗器的损耗；调整模块300，设置为根据损耗占比调整并联支路初始参数，得到并联支路整定参数。
本申请实施例提供了一种仿真设备，如图6所示，该仿真设备设置为通过对电抗器运行进行仿真，以整定电抗器的参数，该仿真设备中包括一个或多个处理器61以及存储器62，图6中以一个处理器61为例。
仿真设备还可以包括：输入装置63和输出装置64。仿真设备中的输入装置63可以接收输入的电抗器的参数信息，例如选定一组并联支路参数输入至该仿 真设备，仿真完整的饱和电抗器拓扑；输出装置64显示仿真结果，例如，可以显示该饱和电抗器在换流阀中的运行性能，其包含并不限于以下特性：饱和电抗器对开通电流上升率的抑制情况；暂态工况下开通电流的振荡特性，电流波谷值是否过零点；加入并联支路后主电抗器电压应力的变化；输出装置64还可以显示包括主电抗器损耗、支路电阻损耗、支路电抗器损耗等损耗信息，以及损耗的分析结果。存储器62可以存储仿真程序，以及仿真用参数，处理器61可以调用存储器62存储的仿真程序，执行上述实施例中的饱和电抗器的参数整定方法。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种饱和电抗器，包括：
    主饱和电抗器；
    并联支路，所述并联支路包括：依次串联的支路电阻和支路电抗器，与所述主饱和电抗器并联，设置为转移所述主饱和电抗器的损耗。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的饱和电抗器，其中，所述支路电抗器包括：
    支路线性电抗器，设置为在换流阀开通和关断时将主饱和电抗器的损耗转移到所述并联支路上。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的饱和电抗器，其中，所述支路电抗器包括：
    支路饱和电抗器，设置为在换流阀关断时，将所述主饱和电抗器的损耗转移到所述并联支路上。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的饱和电抗器，其中，
    所述主饱和电抗器的绕组为空心管，所述空心管为冷却液通道，设置为冷却铁芯和绕组；
    所述并联支路为整体封装，设置在水冷散热板上。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的饱和电抗器，其中，
    所述支路电阻分列设置在所述支路电抗器的两侧，设置在所述水冷散热板上。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的饱和电抗器，其中，
    所述支路电抗器的铁心的一侧通过金属夹件固定在所述水冷散热板上。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的饱和电抗器，其中，
    所述主饱和电抗器和所述支路电抗器的铁芯间的扣接处设置有预设宽度的间隙，所述间隙内粘接有与所述间隙宽度对应的间隙垫。
  8. 一种饱和电抗器的参数整定方法，用于对饱和电抗器的并联支路的参数进行整定，包括：
    根据如权利要求1-7任意一项所述的饱和电抗器中主饱和电抗器的参数以及并联支路的结构获取并联支路的初始参数；
    将所述初始参数带入饱和电抗器所在的换流阀中计算多个运行工况下所述饱和电抗器的损耗；
    根据所述损耗调整所述并联支路初始参数，得到并联支路整定参数。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述将所述初始参数带入饱和电抗器所在的换流阀中计算多个运行工况下所述饱和电抗器的损耗包括：
    考察所述饱和电抗器在换流阀中的运行性能；
    判断所述换流阀的运行性能是否满足预设运行性能；
    在所述换流阀的运行性能满足预设运行性能的情况下，计算多个运行工况下所述饱和电抗器的损耗。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其中，在所述换流阀的运行性能未达到预设运行性能的情况下，返回所述根据如权利要求1-7任意一项所述的饱和电抗器中主饱和电抗器的参数以及并联支路的结构获取并联支路的初始参数的步骤。
  11. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述损耗调整所述并联支路初始参数，得到并联支路整定参数包括：
    判断所述损耗是否超出预设损耗，
    当所述损耗超出预设损耗时，返回所述根据如权利要求1-7任意一项所述的饱和电抗器中主饱和电抗器的参数以及并联支路的结构获取并联支路的初始参数的步骤。
  12. 一种饱和电抗器的参数整定装置，设置为对饱和电抗器的并联支路的参数进行整定，包括：
    获取模块，设置为根据如权利要求1-7任意一项所述的饱和电抗器中主饱和电抗器的参数以及并联支路的结构获取并联支路的初始参数；
    计算模块，设置为将所述初始参数带入饱和电抗器所在的换流阀中计算多个运行工况下所述饱和电抗器的损耗；
    调整模块，设置为根据所述损耗占比调整所述并联支路初始参数，得到并联支路整定参数。
  13. 一种仿真设备，包括：控制器，至少一个处理器；以及与所述至少一 个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，所述存储器存储有可被一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行，以使所述至少一个处理器执行如权利要求8-11任意一项所述的方法。
PCT/CN2019/091597 2018-04-17 2019-06-17 饱和电抗器及其参数整定方法、装置及仿真设备 Ceased WO2019201356A1 (zh)

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