WO2019201071A1 - Method for converting aluminum waste into aluminum fuel for power generation - Google Patents

Method for converting aluminum waste into aluminum fuel for power generation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019201071A1
WO2019201071A1 PCT/CN2019/080058 CN2019080058W WO2019201071A1 WO 2019201071 A1 WO2019201071 A1 WO 2019201071A1 CN 2019080058 W CN2019080058 W CN 2019080058W WO 2019201071 A1 WO2019201071 A1 WO 2019201071A1
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aluminum
alloy
fuel
waste
aluminum fuel
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PCT/CN2019/080058
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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王旭
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东深金属燃料动力实验室有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2019201071A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019201071A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/0038—Obtaining aluminium by other processes
    • C22B21/0069—Obtaining aluminium by other processes from scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium, e.g. recovery of alloy constituents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a new technology for converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation.
  • Aluminum and aluminum alloys are widely used in industrial and daily life due to their low density, high specific strength, good electrical conductivity, good corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and easy processing.
  • China's aluminum and aluminum alloy production has advanced by leaps and bounds, and the consumption of aluminum and aluminum alloys has also increased rapidly, which has led to a huge amount of waste aluminum.
  • waste aluminum is difficult to re-smelt into high-quality conductive aluminum and structural aluminum alloy products, the accumulated aluminum waste has not only brought serious environmental pollution, but the inferior aluminum material re-smelted with waste aluminum has also greatly reduced the aluminum material. The application value, this is undoubtedly a serious waste of aluminum resources.
  • the rapid increase in the demand for aluminum products and the continuous exploitation of aluminum resources have led to the abundance of aluminum resources. Vigorously developing high-quality waste aluminum recycling industry is of great significance to the realization of low-carbon economy and the development of a recyclable economy.
  • Aluminum fuel cell has the characteristics of high specific energy, large specific power, safety and environmental protection. It is a green high-energy metal fuel cell, which has important applications in mobile power stations, communication base stations and electric vehicles.
  • the aluminum fuel cell is composed of an aluminum alloy negative electrode, an air electrode positive electrode, an electrolyte, a battery cavity, and related accessory components. During the discharge process of the aluminum fuel cell, the electric energy is outputted externally by consuming the aluminum alloy negative electrode. Therefore, the aluminum alloy anode material is the aluminum fuel of the aluminum fuel cell.
  • the essence of aluminum fuel cells for external power generation is to convert the chemical energy contained in aluminum fuel into electrical energy for external output.
  • the aluminum fuel in the aluminum fuel cell is smelted by high-purity aluminum (purity of 99.99% wt) or industrial grade pure aluminum (purity of 99.5% wt) by smelting with alloying elements.
  • High-purity aluminum (99.99% wt) and industrial grade pure aluminum (99.5% wt) are expensive, resulting in high manufacturing costs for aluminum fuel.
  • the present invention proposes a method for converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation, including Implement the following steps:
  • Pretreatment of waste aluminum disassembling and removing non-aluminum material attached to the waste aluminum material;
  • the waste aluminum material is classified according to the composition of aluminum and aluminum alloy
  • the aluminum fuel is used as a negative electrode in an aluminum fuel cell, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit to start an aluminum fuel cell to generate electricity, and externally output electric energy.
  • the non-aluminum materials include building materials, polymer materials, non-aluminum metal materials, oil stains, and coatings.
  • waste aluminum include: industrial pure aluminum, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mn alloy, Al-Si alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Li alloy, Al-Re alloy, Al-Mg-Si alloy, Al- Cu-Mg alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, and Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy.
  • a coating agent for preventing oxidation may also be added during the smelting process.
  • an inert gas may be introduced to form a protective layer.
  • the temperature in the smelting furnace is controlled in a temperature range of 670 ° C to 850 ° C.
  • the "casting to the mold after the heat preservation" is performed after the heat is kept for 3 to 20 minutes.
  • the press-formed aluminum fuel can also be heat-treated; the heat treatment temperature is controlled in the temperature range of 150 ° C to 450 ° C; the heat preservation time in the heat treatment is controlled in the range of 1 to 24 hours; the higher the heat treatment temperature, the shorter the holding time; the heat treatment process
  • An inert gas can be introduced into the heat treatment furnace to prevent oxidation.
  • the covering agent is a chlorine salt and/or a fluorine salt; the chlorine salt includes NaCl and KCl; and the fluorine salt includes NaF and Na3AlF6.
  • the inert gas added is nitrogen or argon. .
  • the present invention has the advantage of proposing a new technology for converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation.
  • the aluminum fuel produced by the patented technology is used as a negative electrode of an aluminum fuel cell, which not only has high power generation efficiency, but also realizes high-efficiency utilization of waste aluminum.
  • the patented technology not only realizes the efficient utilization of aluminum resources, but also turns waste aluminum into waste, completely solves the environmental pollution of a large amount of waste aluminum, and realizes the sustainable development of aluminum resources.
  • the present technology also significantly reduces the production and operating costs of aluminum fuel cells.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an aluminum fuel cell in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the recovered waste aluminum material is sorted and disassembled by means of dismantling, or low-temperature calcination, or chemical immersion, to remove non-aluminum substances attached to the waste aluminum, including building materials, polymer materials, and non-aluminum materials.
  • the surface of the waste aluminum is cleaned and becomes a raw material that can be put into the smelting furnace to smelt the aluminum fuel.
  • Example 2 Classification method of waste aluminum
  • the pretreated waste aluminum is classified according to the chemical composition of the waste aluminum.
  • the classification of waste aluminum includes the following: industrial pure aluminum, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mn alloy, Al-Si alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Mg-Si alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy, Al- Mg-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, Al-Li alloy, Al- Re alloy, and so on.
  • Example 3 Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using waste industrial aluminum
  • the required amount of waste industrial pure aluminum classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 670 ° C and then kept for 15 minutes to be melted.
  • a mixture of NaCl and KCl was added as a coating agent to the smelting furnace.
  • the amount of the covering agent to be added is such that it can uniformly cover the entire surface of the molten aluminum after it is melted.
  • the alloy composition of Table 1 the required amounts of Mg and Hg were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further heat preservation for 3 minutes, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot, and the argon gas was stopped.
  • the aluminum ingot is taken out from the mold to remove the impure portion of the ingot end, the aluminum ingot is placed on a roll press for rolling, and rolled to a plate of a desired thickness, and then cut into a discharge place. Shaped aluminum fuel.
  • the above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting waste industrial aluminum was used as a negative electrode and placed in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
  • Example 4 Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using waste Al-Cu alloy
  • the required amount of the discarded Al-Cu alloy classified by the pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 780 ° C for 30 minutes to be melted.
  • a coating agent (a mixture of NaCl and KCl) is added to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting.
  • an appropriate amount of nitrogen gas is introduced into the smelting furnace to form a stable inert gas protective layer to reduce burning loss during the smelting process.
  • the required amounts of Ga, Sn, Hg and Mg were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed, and then kept for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the slag is discharged, cast, cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot, and nitrogen gas is stopped at the same time.
  • the aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
  • the formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, heated to 250 ° C for 10 h, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace.
  • the above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Cu alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
  • Example 5 Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using waste Al-Mn alloy
  • the required amount of the discarded Al-Mn alloy classified by the pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 780 ° C for 30 minutes to be melted.
  • a mixture of NaCl, NaF and KCl is added as a covering agent to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting.
  • the required amounts of Ga, Sn, Hg and Mg were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further 10 minutes of heat preservation, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
  • the aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
  • the formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, nitrogen gas was introduced into the heat treatment furnace, and the temperature was raised to 280 ° C for 5 hours, and then the furnace was cooled to room temperature, and nitrogen gas was stopped.
  • the above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Mn alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
  • Example 6 Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using waste Al-Si alloy
  • the required amount of the discarded Al-Si alloy classified after the pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 780 ° C for 10 minutes to be melted.
  • Argon gas is introduced into the smelting furnace to form a stable inert gas protective layer to reduce burning loss during the smelting process.
  • the required amounts of Ga, Sn, S, and Mg were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred to be uniformly mixed. After further heating for 15 minutes, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot, and the argon gas was stopped.
  • the aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
  • the above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Si alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
  • Example 7 Method for preparing aluminum fuel by smelting waste Al-Mg alloy
  • the required amount of the discarded Al-Mg alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 800 ° C for 20 minutes to be melted.
  • the aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and NaF as a covering agent to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting.
  • An appropriate amount of argon gas is introduced into the smelting furnace to form a stable inert gas protective layer to reduce burning loss during the smelting process.
  • the required amounts of Ga, Mn and In were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further 8 minutes of heat preservation, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot, and the argon gas was stopped.
  • the aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
  • the formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, argon gas was introduced into the furnace, and the temperature was raised to 450 ° C for 1 h, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace to stop the passage of argon gas.
  • the above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Mg alloy was used as a negative electrode and placed in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
  • Example 8 Method for smelting and preparing aluminum fuel for discharging with waste Al-Mg-Si alloy
  • the required amount of the discarded Al-Mg-Si alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 760 ° C for 15 minutes to be melted.
  • the aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and NaF as a covering agent, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting.
  • the required amounts of Ga, Sn and Hg were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After another 20 minutes of incubation, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold.
  • the aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
  • the above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Mg-Si alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
  • Example 9 Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using a waste Al-Cu-Mg alloy
  • a certain amount of the discarded Al-Cu-Mg alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 700 ° C for 30 minutes to be melted.
  • An appropriate amount of nitrogen gas is introduced into the smelting furnace to form a stable inert gas protective layer to reduce burning loss during the smelting process.
  • the required amounts of Ga and Sn were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further heat preservation for 20 minutes, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot, and at the same time, nitrogen gas was stopped.
  • the aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
  • the formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, nitrogen gas was introduced, and the temperature was raised to 300 ° C for 5 hours, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace.
  • the above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Cu-Mg alloy was used as a negative electrode and placed in an aluminum fuel cell.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
  • Example 10 Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using a waste Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy
  • the required amount of the discarded Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 850 ° C for 15 minutes to be melted.
  • the aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and KCl as a covering agent, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting.
  • An appropriate amount of nitrogen gas is introduced into the smelting furnace to form a stable inert gas protective layer to reduce burning loss during the smelting process.
  • the required amounts of Ga, Sn and S were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further heating for 15 minutes, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
  • the aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
  • the above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy was used as a negative electrode and placed in an aluminum fuel cell.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
  • Example 11 Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using a waste Al-Si-Cu alloy
  • the required amount of the discarded Al-Si-Cu alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 780 ° C for 15 minutes to be melted.
  • the aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and KCl as a covering agent, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting.
  • the required amounts of Pb, Sn, Bi, Ga, and In were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further 10 minutes of heat retention, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
  • the aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
  • the formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, nitrogen gas was introduced, and the temperature was raised to 150 ° C for 24 hours, and then air-cooled to room temperature.
  • the above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Si-Cu alloy was used as a negative electrode and placed in an aluminum fuel cell.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
  • Example 12 Method for preparing aluminum fuel by smelting waste Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy
  • the required amount of the discarded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 700 ° C for 40 minutes to be melted.
  • the aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and Na 3 AlF 6 as a covering agent to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting.
  • the alloy composition of Table 10 the required amounts of Ga and Pb were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred to be uniformly mixed. After further 20 minutes of heat retention, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
  • the aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
  • the formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, nitrogen gas was introduced, and the temperature was raised to 400 ° C for 1 h, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace.
  • the above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
  • Example 13 Method for discharging aluminum fuel smelted from waste Al-Li alloy
  • the required amount of the discarded Al-Li alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 670 ° C for 15 minutes to be melted.
  • the aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and KCl as a covering agent to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting.
  • the required amounts of Ga, Sn, Si and S were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further heating for 15 minutes, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
  • the aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
  • the above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Li alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
  • Example 14 Method for discharging aluminum fuel smelted from waste Al-Re alloy
  • the required amount of the discarded Al-Re alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 770 ° C for 30 minutes to be melted.
  • the aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and KCl as a covering agent to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting.
  • the required amounts of Ga, Sn, Mg, Si and S were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further 20 minutes of heat retention, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
  • the aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
  • the above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Re alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
  • Example 15 Method for discharging aluminum fuel smelted from waste Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy
  • the required amount of the discarded Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 720 ° C for 10 minutes to be melted.
  • the aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and KCl as a covering agent to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting.
  • the alloy composition of Table 13 the required amounts of Ga and Sn were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred to be uniformly mixed. After further 10 minutes of heat retention, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
  • the aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
  • the formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, heated to 200 ° C for 10 h, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace.
  • the above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
  • This patent proposes a technique for converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel and using it as a negative electrode of an aluminum fuel cell for power generation.
  • the new technology for converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation is based on the new perspective of aluminum and aluminum alloys after they have become functional aluminum, conductive aluminum and other functions into waste aluminum.
  • the property is developed to smelt waste aluminum into aluminum fuel.
  • As the anode of the aluminum fuel cell the aluminum fuel cell is used for power generation, and the chemical energy contained in the waste aluminum material is converted into electric energy for external output.
  • the aluminum fuel produced by the patented technology is used as a negative electrode of an aluminum fuel cell, which not only has high power generation efficiency, but also realizes high-efficiency utilization of waste aluminum.
  • the patented technology not only realizes the efficient use of aluminum resources, but also turns waste aluminum into waste, completely solving the environmental pollution of a large amount of waste aluminum.
  • the present technology can reduce the production and operating costs of aluminum fuel cells.

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Abstract

A method for converting aluminum waste into aluminum fuel for power generation. After pretreating an aluminum waste material, the pretreated aluminum waste material is sorted based on the aluminum and aluminum alloy content thereof. Sorted aluminum waste materials of the same type are placed into a smelting furnace, and the temperature is increased to melt the aluminum waste material. Suitable alloy elements are added according to required aluminum fuel components, followed by thorough stirring and uniform mixing, then the mixture is maintained at a constant temperature before pouring the same into a mold to form an aluminum fuel ingot. The aluminum fuel ingot is pressed to form the aluminum fuel into a shape required for power generation. The aluminum fuel is placed into an aluminum fuel cell to serve as a negative electrode thereof. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is switched on to generate electricity and to output electric power.

Description

将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的方法Method for converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于环保领域，特别涉及一种将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的新技术。The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a new technology for converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation.
背景技术Background technique
铝及铝合金由于其密度小、比强度高、导电性好、耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性好、易于加工等特点，被广泛应用于工业和日常生活领域。随着中国经济的快速发展，中国铝及铝合金产量突飞猛进，铝及铝合金的消费量也急速增加，随之带来的是数量巨大的废弃铝。由于废弃铝难以再重新冶炼为高质量的导电铝材及结构铝合金产品，日积月累的废弃铝不仅带来了严重的环境污染，用废弃铝重新冶炼而成的劣质铝材也大大降低了铝材的应用价值，这无疑是铝资源的严重浪费。此外，对铝制产品需求量的快速增加以及对铝资源的持续性大量开采，导致铝资源已经趋于贫瘠。大力发展高质量的废弃铝再生产业，对实现低碳经济及可循环经济发展具有重要意义。Aluminum and aluminum alloys are widely used in industrial and daily life due to their low density, high specific strength, good electrical conductivity, good corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and easy processing. With the rapid development of China's economy, China's aluminum and aluminum alloy production has advanced by leaps and bounds, and the consumption of aluminum and aluminum alloys has also increased rapidly, which has led to a huge amount of waste aluminum. Since waste aluminum is difficult to re-smelt into high-quality conductive aluminum and structural aluminum alloy products, the accumulated aluminum waste has not only brought serious environmental pollution, but the inferior aluminum material re-smelted with waste aluminum has also greatly reduced the aluminum material. The application value, this is undoubtedly a serious waste of aluminum resources. In addition, the rapid increase in the demand for aluminum products and the continuous exploitation of aluminum resources have led to the abundance of aluminum resources. Vigorously developing high-quality waste aluminum recycling industry is of great significance to the realization of low-carbon economy and the development of a recyclable economy.
铝燃料电池具有比能量高、比功率大、安全环保的特点，是一种绿色高能的金属燃料电池，在移动电站、通信基站、电动汽车等领域有着重要应用。铝燃料电池由铝合金负极、空气电极正极、电解液、电池腔体及相关附属部件构成。铝燃料电池放电过程中，通过消耗铝合金负极对外输出电能。因此，铝合金负极材料就是铝燃料电池的铝燃料。铝燃料电池对外发电的本质，是将蕴藏在铝燃料中的化学能转变成了电能对外输出。目前，铝燃料电池中的铝燃料都是通过冶炼的方法，采用高纯铝(纯度99.99％wt)或者工业级纯铝(纯度99.5％wt)，通过添加合金元素冶炼而成。高纯铝(99.99％wt)及工业级纯铝(99.5％wt)价格高，造成铝燃料的制造成本也高。Aluminum fuel cell has the characteristics of high specific energy, large specific power, safety and environmental protection. It is a green high-energy metal fuel cell, which has important applications in mobile power stations, communication base stations and electric vehicles. The aluminum fuel cell is composed of an aluminum alloy negative electrode, an air electrode positive electrode, an electrolyte, a battery cavity, and related accessory components. During the discharge process of the aluminum fuel cell, the electric energy is outputted externally by consuming the aluminum alloy negative electrode. Therefore, the aluminum alloy anode material is the aluminum fuel of the aluminum fuel cell. The essence of aluminum fuel cells for external power generation is to convert the chemical energy contained in aluminum fuel into electrical energy for external output. At present, the aluminum fuel in the aluminum fuel cell is smelted by high-purity aluminum (purity of 99.99% wt) or industrial grade pure aluminum (purity of 99.5% wt) by smelting with alloying elements. High-purity aluminum (99.99% wt) and industrial grade pure aluminum (99.5% wt) are expensive, resulting in high manufacturing costs for aluminum fuel.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了将废弃铝材变废为宝，为了解决废弃铝材对环境的污染，为了降低现有技术铝燃料制造成本，本发明提出一种将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的方法，包括实施如下步骤：In order to turn waste aluminum into waste, in order to solve the environmental pollution of waste aluminum, in order to reduce the manufacturing cost of the prior art aluminum fuel, the present invention proposes a method for converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation, including Implement the following steps:
对废弃铝材的预处理：将附着在所述废弃铝材上的非铝材料进行拆解去除；Pretreatment of waste aluminum: disassembling and removing non-aluminum material attached to the waste aluminum material;
将预处理后废弃铝材按照铝及铝合金的成分进行分类；After pretreatment, the waste aluminum material is classified according to the composition of aluminum and aluminum alloy;
将同一分类的废弃铝材放入冶炼炉中，升温至废弃铝材完成熔化；再按所需铝燃料成分，加入相适应的合金元素，充分搅拌混合均匀，保温后浇注到模具中，制成铝燃料铸锭；Put the waste aluminum of the same classification into the smelting furnace, heat up to the waste aluminum to complete the melting; then add the appropriate alloying elements according to the required aluminum fuel composition, stir and mix well, and then cast it into the mold after heat preservation. Aluminum fuel ingot;
将所述铝燃料铸锭压制成发电所需形状的铝燃料；Pressing the aluminum fuel ingot into an aluminum fuel of a shape required for power generation;
将所述铝燃料作负极放入铝燃料电池，将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The aluminum fuel is used as a negative electrode in an aluminum fuel cell, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit to start an aluminum fuel cell to generate electricity, and externally output electric energy.
所述非铝材料包括建筑材料、高分子材料、非铝金属材料、油污和涂料。The non-aluminum materials include building materials, polymer materials, non-aluminum metal materials, oil stains, and coatings.
废弃铝材的种类包括：工业纯铝、Al-Cu合金、Al-Mn合金、Al-Si合金、Al-Mg合金、Al-Li合金、Al-Re合金、Al-Mg-Si合金、Al-Cu-Mg合金、Al-Si-Cu合金、Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金、Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金和Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金。The types of waste aluminum include: industrial pure aluminum, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mn alloy, Al-Si alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Li alloy, Al-Re alloy, Al-Mg-Si alloy, Al- Cu-Mg alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, and Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy.
所述冶炼过程中还可加入防止氧化的覆盖剂。A coating agent for preventing oxidation may also be added during the smelting process.
所述废弃铝材放入冶炼炉中冶炼时，还可通入惰性气体形成保护层。When the waste aluminum material is smelted in a smelting furnace, an inert gas may be introduced to form a protective layer.
所述冶炼炉内的温度控制在670℃～850℃的温度范围。The temperature in the smelting furnace is controlled in a temperature range of 670 ° C to 850 ° C.
所述“保温后浇注到模具”是保温3至20分钟后进行浇注。The "casting to the mold after the heat preservation" is performed after the heat is kept for 3 to 20 minutes.
还可将压制成型的铝燃料进行热处理；热处理温度控制在150℃-450℃的温度范围；热处理时的保温时间控制在1-24小时的范围；热处理温度越高，保温时间越短；热处理过程可向热处理炉内通入惰性气体防止氧化。The press-formed aluminum fuel can also be heat-treated; the heat treatment temperature is controlled in the temperature range of 150 ° C to 450 ° C; the heat preservation time in the heat treatment is controlled in the range of 1 to 24 hours; the higher the heat treatment temperature, the shorter the holding time; the heat treatment process An inert gas can be introduced into the heat treatment furnace to prevent oxidation.
所述覆盖剂为氯盐和/或氟盐；所述氯盐包括NaCl和KCl；所述氟盐包括NaF和Na3AlF6。The covering agent is a chlorine salt and/or a fluorine salt; the chlorine salt includes NaCl and KCl; and the fluorine salt includes NaF and Na3AlF6.
所加入的惰性气体是氮气或者氩气。。The inert gas added is nitrogen or argon. .
与现有技术相比，本发明的优势在于提出了一种将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的新技术。采用本专利技术制造的铝燃料用作铝燃料电池的负极，不仅发电效率高，而且实现了废弃铝的高效率利用。本专利技术不仅实现了铝资源的高效利用，而且将废弃铝材变废为宝，彻底解决了大量废弃铝材对环境的污染，实现铝资源的可持续发展。不仅如此，本发明技术还显著降低了铝燃料电池的生产和运行成本。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantage of proposing a new technology for converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation. The aluminum fuel produced by the patented technology is used as a negative electrode of an aluminum fuel cell, which not only has high power generation efficiency, but also realizes high-efficiency utilization of waste aluminum. The patented technology not only realizes the efficient utilization of aluminum resources, but also turns waste aluminum into waste, completely solves the environmental pollution of a large amount of waste aluminum, and realizes the sustainable development of aluminum resources. Moreover, the present technology also significantly reduces the production and operating costs of aluminum fuel cells.
说明附图Description drawing
图1本发明优选实施例中铝燃料电池结构示意图。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an aluminum fuel cell in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.
实施例1：废弃铝的预处理Example 1: Pretreatment of waste aluminum
采用拆除的方法，或者低温煅烧的方法，或者化学浸泡的方法，将回收的废弃铝材进行分选和拆解，去除附着在废铝上的非铝物质，包括建筑材料、高分子材料、非铝金属材料、油污和涂料等。将废铝表面清洗干净，成为可以投入到冶炼炉中冶炼铝燃料的原料。The recovered waste aluminum material is sorted and disassembled by means of dismantling, or low-temperature calcination, or chemical immersion, to remove non-aluminum substances attached to the waste aluminum, including building materials, polymer materials, and non-aluminum materials. Aluminum metal materials, oil stains and coatings. The surface of the waste aluminum is cleaned and becomes a raw material that can be put into the smelting furnace to smelt the aluminum fuel.
实施例2：废弃铝的分类方法Example 2: Classification method of waste aluminum
按照废弃铝的化学成分，将经过预处理的废弃铝材进行分类。废弃铝材的分类包括以下几种：工业纯铝、Al-Cu合金、Al-Mn合金、Al-Si合金、Al-Mg合金、Al-Mg-Si合金、Al-Cu-Mg合金、Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金、Al-Si-Cu合金、Al-Si-Mg -Cu合金、Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金、Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金、Al-Li合金、Al-Re合金，等。The pretreated waste aluminum is classified according to the chemical composition of the waste aluminum. The classification of waste aluminum includes the following: industrial pure aluminum, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mn alloy, Al-Si alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Mg-Si alloy, Al-Cu-Mg alloy, Al- Mg-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy, Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, Al-Li alloy, Al- Re alloy, and so on.
实施例3：用废弃工业纯铝冶炼铝燃料进行放电的方法Example 3: Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using waste industrial aluminum
将经过预处理后分类得到的所需量的废弃工业纯铝放入冶炼炉中，升温到670℃温度后保温15分钟使其熔化。将NaCl和KCl的混合物作为覆盖剂加入冶炼炉中。所加入覆盖剂的量需保证其熔化后能够均匀覆盖住整个熔融态铝的表面。按照表1的合金成分，分别将所需量的Mg和Hg加入冶炼炉中的熔融态铝中，充分搅拌使其混合均匀。再保温3分钟后扒渣出炉，进行浇铸，将其浇铸到模具中，得到铝燃料铸锭，同时停止通入氩气。The required amount of waste industrial pure aluminum classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 670 ° C and then kept for 15 minutes to be melted. A mixture of NaCl and KCl was added as a coating agent to the smelting furnace. The amount of the covering agent to be added is such that it can uniformly cover the entire surface of the molten aluminum after it is melted. According to the alloy composition of Table 1, the required amounts of Mg and Hg were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further heat preservation for 3 minutes, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot, and the argon gas was stopped.
表1用废弃工业纯铝冶炼铝燃料的合金成分Table 1 Alloy composition of aluminum fuel smelted from waste industrial pure aluminum
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000001
将铝燃料铸锭从模具中取出，去除铸锭端头的不纯部分后，将铝锭放在辊压机上进行多次滚压，滚压至所需厚度的板材后，切割成放电所需形状的铝燃料。After the aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold to remove the impure portion of the ingot end, the aluminum ingot is placed on a roll press for rolling, and rolled to a plate of a desired thickness, and then cut into a discharge place. Shaped aluminum fuel.
将用废弃工业纯铝冶炼制备的上述铝燃料作为负极，放入图1所示的铝燃料电池中。将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting waste industrial aluminum was used as a negative electrode and placed in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
实施例4：用废弃Al-Cu合金冶炼铝燃料进行放电的方法Example 4: Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using waste Al-Cu alloy
将经过预处理后分类得到的所需量废弃Al-Cu合金放入冶炼炉中，升温到780℃保温30分钟使其熔化。向冶炼炉中加入覆盖剂(NaCl和KCl的混合物)，加入覆盖剂的量需保证其熔化后能够均匀覆盖住整个熔融态铝的表面。冶炼过程中向冶炼炉中通入适量的氮气形成稳定的惰性气体保护层，以减少冶炼过程中的烧损。按照表2的合金成分，分别将所需量的Ga、Sn、Hg和Mg加入冶炼炉中的熔融态铝中，充分搅拌使其混合均匀之后，再保温10分钟。之后扒渣出炉，进行浇铸，将其浇铸到模具中，得到铝燃料铸锭，同时停止通入氮气。The required amount of the discarded Al-Cu alloy classified by the pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 780 ° C for 30 minutes to be melted. A coating agent (a mixture of NaCl and KCl) is added to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting. During the smelting process, an appropriate amount of nitrogen gas is introduced into the smelting furnace to form a stable inert gas protective layer to reduce burning loss during the smelting process. According to the alloy composition of Table 2, the required amounts of Ga, Sn, Hg and Mg were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed, and then kept for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the slag is discharged, cast, cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot, and nitrogen gas is stopped at the same time.
表2用废弃Al-Cu合金冶炼铝燃料的合金成分Table 2 Alloy composition of aluminum fuel smelted with waste Al-Cu alloy
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000002
将铝燃料铸锭从模具中取出，去除铸锭端头的不纯部分后，将其放在辊压机上进行多次滚压，滚压至所需厚度的板材后，切割成放电所需形状的铝燃料。将 成型后的铝燃料放入热处理炉中，升温至250℃保温10h，之后随炉冷却到室温。The aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel. The formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, heated to 250 ° C for 10 h, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace.
将用废弃Al-Cu合金冶炼制备的上述铝燃料作为负极，放入图1所示的铝燃料电池中。将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Cu alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
实施例5：用废弃Al-Mn合金冶炼铝燃料进行放电的方法Example 5: Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using waste Al-Mn alloy
将经过预处理后分类得到的所需量废弃Al-Mn合金放入冶炼炉中，升温到780℃保温30分钟使其熔化。向冶炼炉中加入NaCl、NaF和KCl的混合物作为覆盖剂，加入覆盖剂的量需保证其熔化后能够均匀覆盖住整个熔融态铝的表面。按照表3的合金成分，分别将所需量的Ga、Sn、Hg和Mg加入冶炼炉中的熔融态铝中，充分搅拌使其混合均匀。再保温10分钟后扒渣出炉，进行浇铸，浇铸到模具中，得到铝燃料铸锭。The required amount of the discarded Al-Mn alloy classified by the pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 780 ° C for 30 minutes to be melted. A mixture of NaCl, NaF and KCl is added as a covering agent to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting. According to the alloy composition of Table 3, the required amounts of Ga, Sn, Hg and Mg were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further 10 minutes of heat preservation, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
表3用废弃Al-Mn合金冶炼铝燃料的合金成分Table 3 Alloy composition of aluminum fuel smelted with waste Al-Mn alloy
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000003
将铝燃料铸锭从模具中取出，去除铸锭端头的不纯部分后，将其放在辊压机上进行多次滚压，滚压至所需厚度的板材后，切割成放电所需形状的铝燃料。将成型后的铝燃料放入热处理炉中，向热处理炉内通入氮气，升温至280℃保温5h，之后随炉冷却到室温，停止通入氮气。The aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel. The formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, nitrogen gas was introduced into the heat treatment furnace, and the temperature was raised to 280 ° C for 5 hours, and then the furnace was cooled to room temperature, and nitrogen gas was stopped.
将用废弃Al-Mn合金冶炼后制备的上述铝燃料作为负极，放入图1所示铝燃料电池中。将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Mn alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
实施例6：用废弃Al-Si合金冶炼铝燃料进行放电的方法Example 6: Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using waste Al-Si alloy
将经过预处理后分类得到的所需量废弃Al-Si合金放入冶炼炉中，升温到780℃保温10分钟使其熔化。向冶炼炉中通入氩气形成稳定的惰性气体保护层，以减少冶炼过程中的烧损。按照表4的合金成分，分别将所需量的Ga、Sn、S和Mg加入冶炼炉中的熔融态铝中，充分搅拌使其混合均匀。再保温15分钟后扒渣出炉，进行浇铸，将其浇铸到模具中，得到铝燃料铸锭，同时停止通入氩气。The required amount of the discarded Al-Si alloy classified after the pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 780 ° C for 10 minutes to be melted. Argon gas is introduced into the smelting furnace to form a stable inert gas protective layer to reduce burning loss during the smelting process. According to the alloy composition of Table 4, the required amounts of Ga, Sn, S, and Mg were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred to be uniformly mixed. After further heating for 15 minutes, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot, and the argon gas was stopped.
表4用废弃Al-Si合金冶炼铝燃料的合金成分Table 4 Alloy composition of aluminum fuel smelted with waste Al-Si alloy
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000004
将铝燃料铸锭从模具中取出，去除铸锭端头的不纯部分后，将其放在辊压机 上进行多次滚压，滚压至所需厚度的板材后，切割成放电所需形状的铝燃料。The aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
将用废弃Al-Si合金冶炼后制备的上述铝燃料作为负极，放入图1所示铝燃料电池中。将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Si alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
实施例7：用废弃Al-Mg合金冶炼制备铝燃料进行放电的方法Example 7: Method for preparing aluminum fuel by smelting waste Al-Mg alloy
将经过预处理后分类得到的所需量废弃Al-Mg合金放入冶炼炉中，升温到800℃保温20分钟使其熔化。向冶炼炉中加入NaCl和NaF的混合物作为覆盖剂对铝熔体进行保护，加入覆盖剂的量需保证其熔化后能够均匀覆盖住整个熔融铝的表面。向冶炼炉中通入适量的氩气形成稳定的惰性气体保护层，以减少冶炼过程中的烧损。按照表5的合金成分，分别将所需量的Ga、Mn和In加入冶炼炉中的熔融铝中，充分搅拌使其混合均匀。再保温8分钟后扒渣出炉，进行浇铸，将其浇铸到模具中，得到铝燃料铸锭，同时停止通入氩气。The required amount of the discarded Al-Mg alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 800 ° C for 20 minutes to be melted. The aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and NaF as a covering agent to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting. An appropriate amount of argon gas is introduced into the smelting furnace to form a stable inert gas protective layer to reduce burning loss during the smelting process. According to the alloy composition of Table 5, the required amounts of Ga, Mn and In were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further 8 minutes of heat preservation, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot, and the argon gas was stopped.
表5用废弃Al-Mg合金冶炼铝燃料的合金成分Table 5 Alloy composition of aluminum fuel smelted with waste Al-Mg alloy
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000005
将铝燃料铸锭从模具中取出，去除铸锭端头的不纯部分后，将其放在辊压机上进行多次滚压，滚压至所需厚度的板材后，切割成放电所需形状的铝燃料。将成型后的铝燃料放入热处理炉中，向炉内通入氩气，升温至450℃保温1h，之后随炉冷却到室温，停止氩气通入。The aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel. The formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, argon gas was introduced into the furnace, and the temperature was raised to 450 ° C for 1 h, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace to stop the passage of argon gas.
将用废弃Al-Mg合金冶炼后制备的上述铝燃料作为负极，放入图1所示铝燃料电池中。将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Mg alloy was used as a negative electrode and placed in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
实施例8：用废弃Al-Mg-Si合金冶炼并制备铝燃料进行放电的方法Example 8: Method for smelting and preparing aluminum fuel for discharging with waste Al-Mg-Si alloy
将经过预处理后分类得到的所需量废弃Al-Mg-Si合金放入冶炼炉中，升温到760℃保温15分钟使其熔化。加入NaCl和NaF的混合物作为覆盖剂对铝熔体进行保护，加入覆盖剂的量需保证其熔化后能够均匀覆盖住整个熔融态铝的表面。按照表6的合金成分，分别将所需量的Ga、Sn和Hg加入冶炼炉中的熔融铝中，充分搅拌使其混合均匀。再保温20分钟后扒渣出炉，进行浇铸，将其浇铸到模具中。The required amount of the discarded Al-Mg-Si alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 760 ° C for 15 minutes to be melted. The aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and NaF as a covering agent, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting. According to the alloy composition of Table 6, the required amounts of Ga, Sn and Hg were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After another 20 minutes of incubation, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold.
表6用废弃Al-Mg-Si合金冶炼铝燃料的合金成分Table 6 Alloy composition of aluminum fuel smelted with waste Al-Mg-Si alloy
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000006
将铝燃料铸锭从模具中取出，去除铸锭端头的不纯部分后，将其放在辊压机上进行多次滚压，滚压至所需厚度的板材后，切割成放电所需形状的铝燃料。The aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
将用废弃Al-Mg-Si合金冶炼制备的上述铝燃料作为负极，放入图1所示铝燃料电池中。将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Mg-Si alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
实施例9：用废弃Al-Cu-Mg合金冶炼铝燃料进行放电的方法Example 9: Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using a waste Al-Cu-Mg alloy
将经过预处理后分类得到的一定量废弃Al-Cu-Mg合金放入冶炼炉中，升温到700℃保温30分钟使其熔化。向冶炼炉中通入适量的氮气形成稳定的惰性气体保护层，以减少冶炼过程中的烧损。按照表7的合金成分，分别将所需量的Ga和Sn加入冶炼炉中的熔融态铝中，充分搅拌使其混合均匀。再保温20分钟后扒渣出炉，进行浇铸，将其浇铸到模具中，得到铝燃料铸锭，同时停止通入氮气。A certain amount of the discarded Al-Cu-Mg alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 700 ° C for 30 minutes to be melted. An appropriate amount of nitrogen gas is introduced into the smelting furnace to form a stable inert gas protective layer to reduce burning loss during the smelting process. According to the alloy composition of Table 7, the required amounts of Ga and Sn were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further heat preservation for 20 minutes, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot, and at the same time, nitrogen gas was stopped.
表7用废弃Al-Cu-Mg合金冶炼铝燃料的合金成分Table 7 Alloy composition of aluminum fuel smelted with waste Al-Cu-Mg alloy
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000007
将铝燃料铸锭从模具中取出，去除铸锭端头的不纯部分后，将其放在辊压机上进行多次滚压，滚压至所需厚度的板材后，切割成放电所需形状的铝燃料。将成型的铝燃料放入热处理炉中，通入氮气，升温至300℃保温5h，之后随炉冷却到室温。The aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel. The formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, nitrogen gas was introduced, and the temperature was raised to 300 ° C for 5 hours, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace.
将用废弃Al-Cu-Mg合金冶炼制备的上述铝燃料作为负极，放入铝燃料电池中。将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Cu-Mg alloy was used as a negative electrode and placed in an aluminum fuel cell. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
实施例10：用废弃Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金冶炼铝燃料进行放电的方法Example 10: Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using a waste Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy
将经过预处理后分类得到的所需量废弃Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金放入冶炼炉中，升温到850℃保温15分钟使其熔化。加入NaCl和KCl的混合物作为覆盖剂对铝熔体进行保护，加入覆盖剂的量需保证其熔化后能够均匀覆盖住整个熔融态铝的表面。向冶炼炉中通入适量的氮气形成稳定的惰性气体保护层，以减少冶炼过程中的烧损。按照表8的合金成分，分别将所需量的Ga、Sn和S加入冶炼炉中的熔融态铝中，充分搅拌使其混合均匀。再保温15分钟后扒渣出炉，进行浇铸，将其浇铸到模具中，得到铝燃料铸锭。The required amount of the discarded Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 850 ° C for 15 minutes to be melted. The aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and KCl as a covering agent, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting. An appropriate amount of nitrogen gas is introduced into the smelting furnace to form a stable inert gas protective layer to reduce burning loss during the smelting process. According to the alloy composition of Table 8, the required amounts of Ga, Sn and S were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further heating for 15 minutes, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
表8用废弃Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金冶炼铝燃料的合金成分Table 8 Alloy composition of aluminum fuel smelted with waste Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000008
将铝燃料铸锭从模具中取出，去除铸锭端头的不纯部分后，将其放在辊压机上进行多次滚压，滚压至所需厚度的板材后，切割成放电所需形状的铝燃料。The aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
将用废弃Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金冶炼制备的上述铝燃料作为负极，放入铝燃料电池中。将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy was used as a negative electrode and placed in an aluminum fuel cell. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
实施例11：用废弃Al-Si-Cu合金冶炼铝燃料进行放电的方法Example 11: Method for discharging aluminum fuel by using a waste Al-Si-Cu alloy
将经过预处理后分类得到的所需量废弃Al-Si-Cu合金放入冶炼炉中，升温到780℃保温15分钟使其熔化。加入NaCl和KCl的混合物作为覆盖剂对铝熔体进行保护，加入覆盖剂的量需保证其熔化后能够均匀覆盖住整个熔融态铝的表面。按照表9的合金成分，分别将所需量的Pb、Sn、Bi、Ga和In加入冶炼炉中的熔融态铝中，充分搅拌使其混合均匀。再保温10分钟后扒渣出炉，进行浇铸，将其浇铸到模具中，得到铝燃料铸锭。The required amount of the discarded Al-Si-Cu alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 780 ° C for 15 minutes to be melted. The aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and KCl as a covering agent, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting. According to the alloy composition of Table 9, the required amounts of Pb, Sn, Bi, Ga, and In were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further 10 minutes of heat retention, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
表9用废弃Al-Si-Cu合金冶炼铝燃料的合金成分Table 9 Alloy composition of aluminum fuel smelted with waste Al-Si-Cu alloy
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000009
将铝燃料铸锭从模具中取出，去除铸锭端头的不纯部分后，将其放在辊压机上进行多次滚压，滚压至所需厚度的板材后，切割成放电所需形状的铝燃料。将成型后的铝燃料放入热处理炉中，通入氮气，升温至150℃保温24h，之后取出空冷到室温。The aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel. The formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, nitrogen gas was introduced, and the temperature was raised to 150 ° C for 24 hours, and then air-cooled to room temperature.
将用废弃Al-Si-Cu合金冶炼制备的上述铝燃料作为负极，放入铝燃料电池中。将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Si-Cu alloy was used as a negative electrode and placed in an aluminum fuel cell. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
实施例12：用废弃Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金冶炼制备铝燃料进行放电的方法Example 12: Method for preparing aluminum fuel by smelting waste Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy
将经过预处理后分类得到的所需量废弃Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金放入冶炼炉中，升温到700℃保温40分钟使其熔化。向冶炼炉中加入NaCl和Na 3AlF 6的混合物作为覆盖剂对铝熔体进行保护，加入覆盖剂的量需保证其熔化后能够均匀覆盖住整个熔融铝的表面。按照表10的合金成分，分别将所需量的Ga和Pb加入冶炼炉中的熔融铝中，充分搅拌使其混合均匀。再保温20分钟后扒渣出炉，进行浇 铸，将其浇铸到模具中，得到铝燃料铸锭。 The required amount of the discarded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 700 ° C for 40 minutes to be melted. The aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and Na 3 AlF 6 as a covering agent to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting. According to the alloy composition of Table 10, the required amounts of Ga and Pb were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred to be uniformly mixed. After further 20 minutes of heat retention, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
表10用废弃Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金冶炼铝燃料的合金成分Table 10 Alloy composition of aluminum fuel smelted with waste Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000010
将铝燃料铸锭从模具中取出，去除铸锭端头的不纯部分后，将其放在辊压机上进行多次滚压，滚压至所需厚度的板材后，切割成放电所需形状的铝燃料。将成型的铝燃料放入热处理炉中，通入氮气，升温至400℃保温1h，之后随炉冷却到室温。The aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel. The formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, nitrogen gas was introduced, and the temperature was raised to 400 ° C for 1 h, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace.
将用废弃Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金冶炼后制备的上述铝燃料作为负极，放入图1所示铝燃料电池中。将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
实施例13：用废弃Al-Li合金冶炼出的铝燃料进行放电的方法Example 13: Method for discharging aluminum fuel smelted from waste Al-Li alloy
将经过预处理后分类得到的所需量废弃Al-Li合金放入冶炼炉中，升温到670℃保温15分钟使其熔化。向冶炼炉中加入NaCl和KCl的混合物作为覆盖剂对铝熔体进行保护，加入覆盖剂的量需保证其熔化后能够均匀覆盖住整个熔融铝的表面。按照表11的合金成分，分别将所需量的Ga、Sn、Si和S加入冶炼炉中的熔融铝中，充分搅拌使其混合均匀。再保温15分钟后扒渣出炉，进行浇铸，将其浇铸到模具中，得到铝燃料铸锭。The required amount of the discarded Al-Li alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 670 ° C for 15 minutes to be melted. The aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and KCl as a covering agent to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting. According to the alloy composition of Table 11, the required amounts of Ga, Sn, Si and S were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further heating for 15 minutes, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
表11用废弃Al-Li合金冶炼铝燃料的合金成分Table 11 Alloy composition of aluminum fuel smelted with waste Al-Li alloy
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000011
将铝燃料铸锭从模具中取出，去除铸锭端头的不纯部分后，将其放在辊压机上进行多次滚压，滚压至所需厚度的板材后，切割成放电所需形状的铝燃料。The aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
将用废弃Al-Li合金冶炼后制备的上述铝燃料作为负极，放入图1所示的铝燃料电池中。将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Li alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
实施例14：用废弃Al-Re合金冶炼出的铝燃料进行放电的方法Example 14: Method for discharging aluminum fuel smelted from waste Al-Re alloy
将经过预处理后分类得到的所需量废弃Al-Re合金放入冶炼炉中，升温到770℃保温30分钟使其熔化。向冶炼炉中加入NaCl和KCl的混合物作为覆盖剂对铝熔体进行保护，加入覆盖剂的量需保证其熔化后能够均匀覆盖住整个熔融铝的表面。按照表12的合金成分，分别将所需量的Ga、Sn、Mg、Si和S加入冶 炼炉中的熔融铝中，充分搅拌使其混合均匀。再保温20分钟后扒渣出炉，进行浇铸，将其浇铸到模具中，得到铝燃料铸锭。The required amount of the discarded Al-Re alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 770 ° C for 30 minutes to be melted. The aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and KCl as a covering agent to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting. According to the alloy composition of Table 12, the required amounts of Ga, Sn, Mg, Si and S were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred and uniformly mixed. After further 20 minutes of heat retention, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
表12用废弃Al-Re合金冶炼铝燃料的合金成分Table 12 Alloy composition of aluminum fuel smelted with waste Al-Re alloy
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000012
将铝燃料铸锭从模具中取出，去除铸锭端头的不纯部分后，将其放在辊压机上进行多次滚压，滚压至所需厚度的板材后，切割成放电所需形状的铝燃料。The aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel.
将用废弃Al-Re合金冶炼后制备的上述铝燃料作为负极，放入图1所示的铝燃料电池中。将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Re alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
实施例15：用废弃Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金冶炼出的铝燃料进行放电的方法Example 15: Method for discharging aluminum fuel smelted from waste Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy
将经过预处理后分类得到的所需量废弃Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金放入冶炼炉中，升温到720℃保温10分钟使其熔化。向冶炼炉中加入NaCl和KCl的混合物作为覆盖剂对铝熔体进行保护，加入覆盖剂的量需保证其熔化后能够均匀覆盖住整个熔融铝的表面。按照表13的合金成分，分别将所需量的Ga和Sn加入冶炼炉中的熔融铝中，充分搅拌使其混合均匀。再保温10分钟后扒渣出炉，进行浇铸，将其浇铸到模具中，得到铝燃料铸锭。The required amount of the discarded Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy classified after pretreatment was placed in a smelting furnace, and the temperature was raised to 720 ° C for 10 minutes to be melted. The aluminum melt is protected by adding a mixture of NaCl and KCl as a covering agent to the smelting furnace, and the amount of the covering agent is added to ensure that it uniformly covers the entire surface of the molten aluminum after melting. According to the alloy composition of Table 13, the required amounts of Ga and Sn were respectively added to the molten aluminum in the smelting furnace, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred to be uniformly mixed. After further 10 minutes of heat retention, the slag was discharged, cast, and cast into a mold to obtain an aluminum fuel ingot.
表13用废弃Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金冶炼铝燃料的合金成分Table 13 Alloy composition of aluminum fuel smelted with waste Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2019080058-appb-000013
将铝燃料铸锭从模具中取出，去除铸锭端头的不纯部分后，将其放在辊压机上进行多次滚压，滚压至所需厚度的板材后，切割成放电所需形状的铝燃料。将成型后的铝燃料放入热处理炉中，升温至200℃保温10h，之后随炉冷却到室温。The aluminum fuel ingot is taken out from the mold, and the impure portion of the ingot end is removed, and then placed on a roll press for multiple rolling, rolling to a plate of a desired thickness, and cutting into a discharge required Shaped aluminum fuel. The formed aluminum fuel was placed in a heat treatment furnace, heated to 200 ° C for 10 h, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace.
将用废弃Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金冶炼后制备的上述铝燃料作为负极，放入图1所示的铝燃料电池中。将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The above aluminum fuel prepared by smelting with a waste Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy was used as a negative electrode in the aluminum fuel cell shown in Fig. 1. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit, and the aluminum fuel cell is activated to generate electricity, and the external electric energy is output.
本专利提出了一种将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料，用作铝燃料电池的负极进行发电的技术。采用本专利提出的将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料发电的新技术，是在铝及铝合金完成了作为结构铝材、导电铝材等功能变为废弃铝材之后，从全新的角度对其能源属性进行开发，将废弃铝材冶炼成铝燃料，作为铝燃料电池的负极，借 助于铝燃料电池进行发电，将蕴藏在废弃铝材中的化学能转变为电能对外输出。采用本专利技术制造的铝燃料用作铝燃料电池的负极，不仅发电效率高，而且实现了废弃铝的高效率利用。本专利技术不仅实现了铝资源的高效利用，而且将废弃铝变废为宝，彻底解决了大量废弃铝对环境的污染。不仅如此，本发明技术可降低铝燃料电池的生产和运行成本。This patent proposes a technique for converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel and using it as a negative electrode of an aluminum fuel cell for power generation. The new technology for converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation is based on the new perspective of aluminum and aluminum alloys after they have become functional aluminum, conductive aluminum and other functions into waste aluminum. The property is developed to smelt waste aluminum into aluminum fuel. As the anode of the aluminum fuel cell, the aluminum fuel cell is used for power generation, and the chemical energy contained in the waste aluminum material is converted into electric energy for external output. The aluminum fuel produced by the patented technology is used as a negative electrode of an aluminum fuel cell, which not only has high power generation efficiency, but also realizes high-efficiency utilization of waste aluminum. The patented technology not only realizes the efficient use of aluminum resources, but also turns waste aluminum into waste, completely solving the environmental pollution of a large amount of waste aluminum. Moreover, the present technology can reduce the production and operating costs of aluminum fuel cells.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的方法，包括实施如下步骤：A method of converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation, comprising the following steps:
    对废弃铝材的预处理：将附着在所述废弃铝材上的非铝材料进行拆解去除；Pretreatment of waste aluminum: disassembling and removing non-aluminum material attached to the waste aluminum material;
    将预处理后废弃铝材按照铝及铝合金的成分进行分类；After pretreatment, the waste aluminum material is classified according to the composition of aluminum and aluminum alloy;
    将同一分类的废弃铝材放入冶炼炉中，升温至废弃铝材完成熔化；再按所需铝燃料成分，加入相适应的合金元素，充分搅拌混合均匀，保温后浇注到模具中，制成铝燃料铸锭；Put the waste aluminum of the same classification into the smelting furnace, heat up to the waste aluminum to complete the melting; then add the appropriate alloying elements according to the required aluminum fuel composition, stir and mix well, and then cast it into the mold after heat preservation. Aluminum fuel ingot;
    将所述铝燃料铸锭压制成发电所需形状的铝燃料；Pressing the aluminum fuel ingot into an aluminum fuel of a shape required for power generation;
    将所述铝燃料作负极放入铝燃料电池,将铝燃料电池的正极和负极与外电路接通，启动铝燃料电池发电，对外输出电能。The aluminum fuel is used as a negative electrode in an aluminum fuel cell, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the aluminum fuel cell are connected to an external circuit to start an aluminum fuel cell to generate electricity, and externally output electric energy.
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的方法，其特征在于：A method of converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation according to claim 1, wherein:
    所述非铝材料包括建筑材料、高分子材料、非铝金属材料、油污和涂料。The non-aluminum materials include building materials, polymer materials, non-aluminum metal materials, oil stains, and coatings.
  3. 按照权利要求1所述的将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的方法，其特征在于：A method of converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation according to claim 1, wherein:
    废弃铝材的种类包括：工业纯铝、Al-Cu合金、Al-Mn合金、Al-Si合金、Al-Mg合金、Al-Li合金、Al-Re合金、Al-Mg-Si合金、Al-Cu-Mg合金、Al-Si-Cu合金、Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金、Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金和Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni合金。The types of waste aluminum include: industrial pure aluminum, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mn alloy, Al-Si alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Li alloy, Al-Re alloy, Al-Mg-Si alloy, Al- Cu-Mg alloy, Al-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, and Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ni alloy.
  4. 按照权利要求1所述的将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的方法，其特征在于：A method of converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation according to claim 1, wherein:
    所述冶炼过程中还加入防止氧化的覆盖剂。A coating agent for preventing oxidation is also added to the smelting process.
  5. 按照权利要求1所述的将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的方法，其特征在于：A method of converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation according to claim 1, wherein:
    所述废弃铝材放入冶炼炉中冶炼时，还可向炉内通入惰性气体形成保护层。When the waste aluminum material is placed in a smelting furnace for smelting, an inert gas may be introduced into the furnace to form a protective layer.
  6. 按照权利要求1所述的将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的方法，其特征在于：A method of converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation according to claim 1, wherein:
    所述冶炼炉内的温度控制在670℃～850℃的温度范围。The temperature in the smelting furnace is controlled in a temperature range of 670 ° C to 850 ° C.
  7. 按照权利要求1所述的将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的方法，其特征在于：A method of converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation according to claim 1, wherein:
    所述保温后浇注到模具是保温3至20分钟后进行浇注。After the heat is poured into the mold, it is poured for 3 to 20 minutes.
  8. 按照权利要求1所述的将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的方法，其特征在于：A method of converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation according to claim 1, wherein:
    还将压制成型的铝燃料进行热处理；热处理温度控制在150℃-450℃ 的温度范围；热处理时的保温时间控制在1-24小时的范围；热处理温度越高，保温时间越短；热处理过程向热处理炉内通入惰性气体防止氧化。The pressed aluminum fuel is also subjected to heat treatment; the heat treatment temperature is controlled in the temperature range of 150 ° C to 450 ° C; the heat preservation time is controlled in the range of 1 to 24 hours; the higher the heat treatment temperature, the shorter the holding time; the heat treatment process is An inert gas is introduced into the heat treatment furnace to prevent oxidation.
  9. 按照权利要求4所述的将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的方法，其特征在于：A method of converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation according to claim 4, wherein:
    所述覆盖剂为氯盐和/或氟盐；所述氯盐包括NaCl和KCl；所述氟盐包括NaF和Na 3AlF 6。 The covering agent is a chloride salt and/or a fluorine salt; the chloride salt includes NaCl and KCl; and the fluorine salt includes NaF and Na 3 AlF 6 .
  10. 按照权利要求5所述的将废弃铝材转变为铝燃料用于发电的方法，其特征在于：A method of converting waste aluminum into aluminum fuel for power generation according to claim 5, wherein:
    所通入的惰性气体是氮气或者氩气。The inert gas introduced is nitrogen or argon.
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