WO2019200829A1 - 三维多方向性可控的辐射体及天线 - Google Patents

三维多方向性可控的辐射体及天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019200829A1
WO2019200829A1 PCT/CN2018/105988 CN2018105988W WO2019200829A1 WO 2019200829 A1 WO2019200829 A1 WO 2019200829A1 CN 2018105988 W CN2018105988 W CN 2018105988W WO 2019200829 A1 WO2019200829 A1 WO 2019200829A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rectangular
radiation
rectangular cavity
slit
dimensional
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/105988
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王世伟
林景裕
周诗雁
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South China University of Technology SCUT
Shenzhen University
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South China University of Technology SCUT
Shenzhen University
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Publication of WO2019200829A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019200829A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radiator, in particular to a three-dimensional multi-directional controllable radiator and an antenna, belonging to the field of wireless communication.
  • Smart antennas have greater beam coverage for fast beam scanning. And can change the transmit and receive antenna patterns according to the change of the communication environment, reduce noise interference, and improve communication efficiency.
  • the rectangular cavity filter antenna adopts a rectangular cavity structure with adjustable mode, low insertion loss, large power capacity and three-dimensional multi-directional characteristics. Since the 1970s, various high-performance bandpass filters have been widely used in multimode rectangular cavities, but there are few studies on rectangular cavity filter antennas.
  • Phased array technology which changes the radiation pattern of the antenna by controlling the feed phase of the radiating elements in the array antenna.
  • the phase of each radiating element of the array antenna needs to have corresponding shifter control, the circuit is complicated, and the radiation range is generally limited to one-dimensional plane; 2) the prism antenna is changed by changing the position of the feeding power source in the focal plane. Control the radiation direction of the antenna; 3) change the spacing of the interference pattern of the short pulse to achieve beam steering; 4) use the special properties of the metamaterial to make the antenna with adjustable direction.
  • the design is complicated and the processing is difficult.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the above drawbacks of the prior art, and to provide a three-dimensional multi-directional controllable radiator capable of satisfying three-dimensional controllability, large power capacity, small insertion loss, design and processing. Simple and so on.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an antenna including the above-described three-dimensional radiator, which can realize the radiation direction of the antenna by controlling the state of the PIN diode switch integrated by the bias circuit.
  • the three-dimensional multi-directional controllable radiator includes a rectangular cavity, a rectangular plate and a rectangular waveguide, the rectangular plate covers a bottom surface of the rectangular cavity, and is provided with a feeding slit, and the feeding slit is connected with the rectangular waveguide.
  • the rectangular cavity is provided with a radiation slit on at least one surface other than the bottom surface.
  • a radiation gap is respectively provided on two opposite sides of the rectangular cavity.
  • the radiation slits on the opposite sides of the rectangular cavity are viewed from the side of the corresponding rectangular cavity, and are rectangular structures in which two long sides are arranged left and right and two short sides are arranged up and down;
  • the feeding slit is a rectangular structure in which two long sides are arranged up and down and two short sides are arranged from the bottom surface of the rectangular plate, and the rectangular waveguide is parallel to the rectangular plate.
  • the radiation gaps on the opposite sides of the rectangular cavity are the same size.
  • a radiation gap is respectively disposed on the top surface and the four side surfaces of the rectangular cavity.
  • the radiation slit on the top surface of the rectangular cavity is a rectangular structure inclined with respect to the top surface of the rectangular cavity, and the radiation gap on the four sides of the rectangular cavity is viewed from the side of the corresponding rectangular cavity.
  • the angle of the radiation slit on the top surface of the rectangular cavity is inclined at 45 degrees with respect to the top surface of the rectangular cavity.
  • the feeding slit and the rectangular waveguide on the rectangular plate are inclined at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the bottom surface of the rectangular plate.
  • the radiation gap on the top surface of the rectangular cavity is the same as the radiation gap on the four sides of the rectangular cavity.
  • An antenna includes a power source, a bias circuit, and the above-described three-dimensional radiator, the power source is a power supply for a bias circuit, the bias circuit is integrated with a PIN diode, and the three-dimensional radiator is connected to a bias circuit.
  • the radiator of the present invention is provided with a feeding slit on a rectangular plate covering the bottom surface of the rectangular cavity, a rectangular waveguide is connected by the feeding slit, and a radiation slit is provided on at least one surface of the rectangular cavity except the bottom surface, and the radiation gap is provided.
  • the difference in number, position, angle and angle of the feed gap will result in different radiation directions.
  • a radiation gap can generate an electromagnetic wave beam perpendicular to the direction of the rectangular cavity; two radiation gaps are arranged in the rectangular cavity.
  • an electromagnetic wave beam perpendicular to two opposite side directions of the rectangular cavity can be generated; when the two radiation slits are disposed on two adjacent sides of the rectangular cavity, perpendicular to the adjacent two sides can be generated.
  • the electromagnetic wave beam in the edge direction is rotated by 90 degrees
  • the electromagnetic wave can be divided into two beams, which are respectively perpendicular to the corresponding side direction of the radiation slit; the two radiation slits are arranged in the rectangular cavity.
  • the radiation gap is rotated by 90 degrees, and the feed gap is rotated by 45 degrees, which can be generated perpendicular to the top of the rectangular cavity.
  • the electromagnetic wave beam in the edge direction; the three radiation slits can generate an electromagnetic wave beam perpendicular to the vertex direction of the rectangular cavity. If the feeding gap is rotated by 90 degrees, the electromagnetic wave beam can be divided into two beams, and the electromagnetic wave beam direction They become perpendicular to two adjacent edges, respectively.
  • an electromagnetic beam beam perpendicular to the two edges or perpendicular to one edge and one surface can be generated; four radiations
  • the slit can produce an electromagnetic beam perpendicular to the opposite edge direction of the rectangular cavity or four edge directions or four side directions or one edge plus one vertex direction, and the five radiation slits can be generated perpendicular to the two opposite vertex directions of the rectangular cavity
  • the electromagnetic wave beam realizes the beam direction control of the electromagnetic wave in three-dimensional space, and has the characteristics of simple design, good performance, easy processing, and wide application range.
  • the invention can connect the radiator to the bias circuit with the PIN diode to design the beam-tunable antenna, and combine the radiator with the PIN diode to control the radiation direction of the antenna by controlling the switching state of the PIN diode.
  • Embodiment 1 is a perspective structural view of a three-dimensional radiator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a front elevational view showing the three-dimensional radiator of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a left side structural view of a three-dimensional radiator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view showing the structure of a three-dimensional radiator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a comparison diagram of simulation and measurement of far-field radiation of a three-dimensional radiator when a two-dimensional polar coordinate radiation mode parallel to an electric field is employed according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a comparison diagram of simulation and measurement of far-field radiation of a three-dimensional radiator when a two-dimensional polar coordinate radiation mode parallel to a magnetic field is employed according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective structural view showing a three-dimensional radiator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a front elevational view showing the three-dimensional radiator of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a left side structural view of a three-dimensional radiator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a plan view showing the structure of a three-dimensional radiator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a comparison diagram of simulation and measurement of far-field radiation of a three-dimensional radiator when a two-dimensional polar coordinate radiation mode parallel to an electric field is employed according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a comparison diagram of simulation and measurement of far-field radiation of a three-dimensional radiator when a two-dimensional polar coordinate radiation mode parallel to a magnetic field is employed according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the embodiment provides a three-dimensional multi-directional controllable radiator, which comprises a rectangular cavity 1, a rectangular plate 2, a rectangular waveguide 3 and a slit 4, and a rectangular plate 2
  • the bottom surface of the rectangular cavity 1 is covered, the slit 4 comprising a feed gap 401 and two radiation slits, the interior of which is filled with air.
  • the feeding slot 401 is disposed on the rectangular plate 2 and connected to the rectangular waveguide 3.
  • the feeding slot 401 is viewed from the bottom surface of the rectangular plate 2, and is a rectangle with two long sides arranged up and down and two short sides arranged left and right.
  • the structure, the rectangular waveguide 3 is parallel to the rectangular plate 2.
  • the two radiation slots are respectively a first radiation slot 402 and a second radiation slot 403.
  • the first radiation slot 402 and the second radiation slot 403 are respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the rectangular cavity 1 and the first radiation slot 402 and the second radiation slit 403 are bilaterally symmetrical, wherein the first radiation slit 402 is disposed on the left side surface of the rectangular cavity 1, and the second radiation slit 403 is disposed on the right side surface of the rectangular cavity 1, that is, through the rectangular cavity
  • the left and right sides of the body 1 are grooved for radiation to generate an electromagnetic wave beam perpendicular to the left and right sides of the rectangular cavity 1; further, the first radiation slot 402 and the second radiation slot 403 are the same size, and the first radiation slot 402 is from the rectangular cavity.
  • the side surface corresponding to the body 1 is a rectangular structure in which two long sides are arranged left and right and two short sides are arranged up and down.
  • the rectangular cavity 1, the rectangular plate 2 and the rectangular waveguide 3 are respectively provided with screw fixing holes 5, wherein the rectangular cavity 1 has four thread fixing holes 5, and the four rectangular fixing holes 5 of the rectangular cavity 1 respectively It is disposed at four corners of the bottom surface of the rectangular cavity 1; there are also four screw fixing holes 5 of the rectangular waveguide 3, and two of the screw fixing holes 5 of the rectangular waveguide 3 are disposed at the first edge of the rectangular waveguide 3, and the rectangular waveguide 3
  • the other two threaded fixing holes 5 are provided at the second edge of the rectangular waveguide 3 opposite to the first edge; the threaded fixing holes 5 of the rectangular plate 2 have eight, and the four of the rectangular plates 2 are fixed by the screw holes 5 and the rectangle
  • the threaded fixing holes 5 of the cavity 1 correspond to each other, and the other four screw fixing holes 5 correspond to the screw hole fixing holes 5 of the rectangular plate 2, and then the rectangular cavity 1, the rectangular plate 2, and the rectangular waveguide 3 are fixed by screws.
  • the simulation of the three-dimensional radiator and the comparison of the measured far-field radiation are as shown in FIG. 5, and when the two-dimensional polar coordinate radiation mode parallel to the magnetic field is adopted, three-dimensional The simulation of the radiator and the measurement of the far-field radiation are shown in Figure 6, where the solid line is the measured far-field radiation pattern and the dashed line is the simulated far-field radiation pattern.
  • the designed three-dimensional radiator has good directional characteristics in two-dimensional polar coordinates parallel to the electric field and two-dimensional polar coordinates parallel to the magnetic field.
  • the radiation gain is near 5dBi, and the electromagnetic beam is perpendicular to the first A lateral direction in which the radiation slit 402 and the second radiation slit 403 are located.
  • the embodiment provides a three-dimensional multi-directional controllable radiator, which includes a rectangular cavity 1, a rectangular plate 2, a rectangular waveguide 3, and a slit 4, and a rectangular plate 2
  • the bottom surface of the rectangular cavity 1 is covered, and the slit 4 includes a feed slit 401 and five radiation slits, and the inside of the rectangular cavity 1 is filled with air.
  • the feeding slot 401 is disposed on the rectangular plate 2 and connected to the rectangular waveguide 3.
  • the feeding slot 401 is a rectangular structure inclined with respect to the bottom surface of the rectangular plate 2.
  • the rectangular waveguide 3 is also opposite to the rectangular plate 2.
  • the bottom surface has a slanted rectangular structure.
  • the feeding slit 401 and the rectangular waveguide are inclined at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the bottom surface of the rectangular plate.
  • the five radiation slots are a first radiation slot 402, a second radiation slot 403, a third radiation slot 404, a fourth radiation slot 404, and a fifth radiation slot 405, respectively, a first radiation slot 402, a second radiation slot 403,
  • the third radiation slit 404 and the fourth radiation slit 404 are disposed on four sides of the rectangular cavity 1, wherein the first radiation slit 402 is disposed on the left side surface of the rectangular cavity 1, and the second radiation slit 403 is disposed in the rectangular cavity
  • the first radiating slit 402 and the second radiating slit 403 are bilaterally symmetrical, the third radiating slit 404 is disposed on the front side of the rectangular cavity 1, and the fourth radiating slit 404 is disposed in the rectangular cavity 1
  • the third radiating slit 404 and the fourth radiating slit 404 are symmetrical back and forth, and the fifth radiating slit 405 is disposed on the top surface of the rectangular cavity 1, that is, through the left and right
  • the slots 405 have the same size.
  • the first radiating slot 402, the second radiating slot 403, the third radiating slot 404, and the fourth radiating slot 404 are viewed from the corresponding side surfaces, and the two long sides are arranged up and down, and the two short sides are disposed.
  • the rectangular structure, the fifth radiation slit 405 is a rectangular structure inclined with respect to the top surface of the rectangular cavity 1, and preferably, the fifth radiation slit 405 is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the top surface of the rectangular cavity.
  • the rectangular cavity 1, the rectangular plate 2 and the rectangular waveguide 3 are respectively provided with screw fixing holes 5, wherein the rectangular cavity 1 has four thread fixing holes 5, and the four rectangular fixing holes 5 of the rectangular cavity 1 respectively It is disposed at four corners of the bottom surface of the rectangular cavity 1; there are also four screw fixing holes 5 of the rectangular waveguide 3, and two of the screw fixing holes 5 of the rectangular waveguide 3 are disposed at the first edge of the rectangular waveguide 3, and the rectangular waveguide 3
  • the other two threaded fixing holes 5 are provided at the second edge of the rectangular waveguide 3 opposite to the first edge; the threaded fixing holes 5 of the rectangular plate 2 have eight, and the four of the rectangular plates 2 are fixed by the screw holes 5 and the rectangle
  • the threaded fixing holes 5 of the cavity 1 correspond to each other, and the other four screw fixing holes 5 correspond to the screw hole fixing holes 5 of the rectangular plate 2, and then the rectangular cavity 1, the rectangular plate 2, and the rectangular waveguide 3 are fixed by screws.
  • the simulation of the three-dimensional radiator and the comparison of the measured far-field radiation are as shown in FIG. 11, and when the two-dimensional polar coordinate radiation mode parallel to the magnetic field is adopted, three-dimensional The simulation of the radiator and the measurement of the far-field radiation are shown in Figure 12, where the solid line is the measured far-field radiation pattern and the dashed line is the simulated far-field radiation pattern.
  • the designed three-dimensional radiator has good directional characteristics in two-dimensional polar coordinates parallel to the electric field and two-dimensional polar coordinates parallel to the magnetic field.
  • the radiation gain is maximum near 5dBi, and the two electromagnetic waves generated are respectively It is perpendicular to the two opposite vertices of the rectangular cavity 1.
  • the radiation slot can be one, and the radiation slot can be disposed on any one of the rectangular cavity 1 except the bottom surface (ie, the top surface, the left side surface, the right side surface, the front side surface, and the rear side surface) One of the faces) can generate an electromagnetic wave beam perpendicular to the direction of the rectangular cavity;
  • the radiation gap can also be two, and two radiation slits are disposed on two adjacent sides of the rectangular cavity 1, which can be perpendicular to The electromagnetic wave beam in the edge direction between two adjacent sides, if the feeding gap at this time is rotated by 90 degrees, the electromagnetic wave can be divided into two beams, respectively perpendicular to the corresponding side direction of the radiation slit; or when two radiations When the slit is disposed on two adjacent sides of the rectangular cavity 1, the radiation slit is rotated by 90 degrees, and the feeding slit is rotated by 45 degrees, so that an electromagnetic wave beam perpendicular to the edge direction of the rectangular cavity 1 can be generated; the radiation gap It is also
  • the position and direction of the feed gap and the radiation slot can also produce an electromagnetic wave beam perpendicular to the two edges or perpendicular to one edge and one face;
  • the radiation gap can also be four, and four radiation slits are arranged in a rectangle
  • an electromagnetic beam perpendicular to the direction of the opposite edge of the rectangular cavity 1 or the four edge directions or the four side directions or one edge plus one vertex direction can be produced. Therefore, changing the number, position, angle of the radiation gap and changing the angle of the feed gap can change the radiation direction of the radiator.
  • the embodiment provides an antenna including a power supply, a bias circuit, and the three-dimensional radiators in the above embodiments 1 to 3.
  • the power supply is a bias circuit
  • the bias circuit is integrated with a PIN diode, a three-dimensional radiator and a partial body.
  • the circuit is connected, and the radiation direction of the antenna is realized by controlling the state of the PIN diode switch integrated by the bias circuit.
  • the metal material used for the rectangular cavity 1, the rectangular plate 2 and the rectangular waveguide 3 may be any one of aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold and platinum, or may be aluminum, iron, tin, An alloy of any of copper, silver, gold and platinum.
  • the radiator of the present invention is provided with a feeding slit on a rectangular plate covering the bottom surface of the rectangular cavity, a rectangular waveguide is connected by the feeding slit, and a radiation slit is disposed on at least one surface of the rectangular cavity except the bottom surface.
  • a radiation gap can generate an electromagnetic wave beam perpendicular to the direction of the rectangular cavity; two radiation slits are arranged in a rectangular shape.
  • an electromagnetic wave beam perpendicular to two opposite side directions of the rectangular cavity may be generated; when the two radiation slits are disposed on two adjacent sides of the rectangular cavity, vertical adjacent to each other may be generated
  • the electromagnetic wave beam in the direction of the edge of the rectangular cavity; the three radiation slits can generate an electromagnetic wave beam perpendicular to the apex of the rectangular cavity.
  • the electromagnetic beam beam can be divided into two beams.
  • the beam direction of the electromagnetic wave becomes perpendicular to two adjacent edges, respectively. If the position and direction of the feeding slit and the radiation slit are changed, electromagnetic waves perpendicular to the two edges or perpendicular to one edge and one plane may be generated.
  • the invention can connect the radiator to the bias circuit including the PIN diode. To design a beam-tunable antenna that combines the radiator with the PIN diode and controls the PIN diode. The switching state is used to achieve the radiation direction of the antenna.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种三维多方向性可控的辐射体及天线，所述辐射体包括矩形腔体、矩形板和矩形波导，所述矩形板将矩形腔体的底面覆盖，且设有馈电缝隙，所述馈电缝隙与矩形波导连接，所述矩形腔体除底面外的至少一个面上设有辐射缝隙；所述天线包括偏置电路以及上述的三维辐射体，所述偏置电路集成有PIN二极管，所述辐射体与偏置电路连接。本发明的三维辐射体能够满足三维方向可控性，功率容量大，插入损耗小，设计和加工简单等特点，可连接含PIN二极管的偏置电路来设计波束可调的天线；本发明的天线可以通过控制偏置电路集成的PIN二极管开关状态来实现天线的辐射方向。

Description

三维多方向性可控的辐射体及天线 技术领域
本发明涉及一种辐射体，尤其是一种三维多方向性可控的辐射体及天线，属于无线通信领域。
 背景技术
随着无线通信技术的发展，对波束可调的智能天线的研究越来越多。智能天线具有更大的波束覆盖范围，能实现快速的波束扫描。并能够根据通信环境的改变而相应改变发射和接收天线方向图，减少噪声干扰，提高通信效率。
矩形腔体滤波天线作为微波天线中的一个分支，采用矩形腔体结构，具有模式可调，低插入损耗，功率容量大，三维多方向等特点。自20世纪70年代以来，已经广泛使用多模矩形腔体设计各种高性能带通滤波器，但是矩形腔体滤波天线的研究还很少。
常见的有如下四种波束方向可调的天线：1）相控阵技术，通过控制阵列天线中辐射单元的馈电相位来改变天线的辐射方向图。一般阵列天线的每一个辐射单元的相位需要有相对应的移向器控制，电路复杂，并且辐射范围一般限制在一维平面内；2）棱镜天线，通过改变馈电电源在焦平面的位置来控制天线辐射方向；3）改变短脉冲的干涉图案的间隔实现光束转向；4）利用超材料的特殊性质制作方向可调的天线。设计复杂，加工难度大。
2017年4月，ZAI-CHENG GUO等人在IEEE ACCESS发表题为“Triple-Mode Cavity Bandpass Filter on Doublet With Controllable Transmission Zeros”的文章。作者提出了一种侧壁开槽的矩形腔体滤波器结构，并分析了缝隙上电磁波的分布情况，通过控制槽的位置和大小控制滤波器谐振模式。由此可推测不同模式的电磁波也会产生不同方向的辐射波束，因此需要设计三维方向性可控的辐射体。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的是为了解决上述现有技术的缺陷，提供了一种三维多方向性可控的辐射体，该辐射体能够满足三维方向可控性，功率容量大，插入损耗小，设计和加工简单等特点。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种包含上述三维辐射体的天线，该天线可以通过控制偏置电路集成的PIN二极管开关状态来实现天线的辐射方向。
本发明的目的可以通过采取如下技术方案达到：
三维多方向性可控的辐射体，包括矩形腔体、矩形板和矩形波导，所述矩形板将矩形腔体的底面覆盖，且设有馈电缝隙，所述馈电缝隙与矩形波导连接，所述矩形腔体除底面外的至少一个面上设有辐射缝隙。
作为一种实施方案，所述矩形腔体的两个相对侧面上分别设有辐射缝隙。
进一步的，所述矩形腔体两个相对侧面上的辐射缝隙从对应的矩形腔体侧面上看，为两条长边左右设置、两条短边上下设置的矩形结构；所述矩形板上的馈电缝隙从矩形板的底面上看，为两条长边上下设置、两条短边左右设置的矩形结构，所述矩形波导与矩形板平行。
进一步的，所述矩形腔体两个相对侧面上的辐射缝隙尺寸相同。
进一步的，所述矩形腔体的顶面和四个侧面上分别设有辐射缝隙。
作为一种实施方案，所述矩形腔体顶面上的辐射缝隙为相对于矩形腔体顶面倾斜的矩形结构，矩形腔体四个侧面上的辐射缝隙从对应的矩形腔体侧面上看，为两条长边左右设置、两条短边上下设置的矩形结构；所述矩形板上的馈电缝隙和矩形波导为相对于矩形板的底面倾斜的矩形结构。
进一步的，所述矩形腔体顶面上的辐射缝隙相对于矩形腔体顶面倾斜的角度为45度。
进一步的，所述矩形板上的馈电缝隙和矩形波导相对于矩形板的底面倾斜的角度为45度。
进一步的，所述矩形腔体顶面上的辐射缝隙和矩形腔体四个侧面上的辐射缝隙尺寸相同。
本发明的目的可以通过采取如下技术方案达到：
一种天线，包括电源、偏置电路以及上述的三维辐射体，所述电源为偏置电路供电，所述偏置电路集成有PIN二极管，所述三维辐射体与偏置电路连接。
 有益效果
1、本发明的辐射体在覆盖矩形腔体底面的矩形板上设置馈电缝隙，由馈电缝隙连接矩形波导，并在矩形腔体除底面外的至少一个面上设置辐射缝隙，辐射缝隙的数量、位置、角度的不同以及馈电缝隙角度的不同，会导致不同的辐射方向，例如一个辐射缝隙可以产生垂直于矩形腔体所在面方向的电磁波波束；两个辐射缝隙设置在矩形腔体的两个相对侧面上时，可以产生垂直于矩形腔体两个相对侧面方向的电磁波波束；两个辐射缝隙设置在矩形腔体的两个相邻侧面上时，可以产生垂直于相邻两个侧面之间的棱边方向的电磁波波束，若将此时的馈电缝隙旋转90度，可以使得电磁波分为两束，分别垂直于辐射缝隙对应的侧面方向；两个辐射缝隙设置在矩形腔体的两个相邻侧面上时，将辐射缝隙旋转90度，同时将馈电缝隙旋转45度，可以产生垂直于矩形腔体顶部棱边方向的电磁波波束；三个辐射缝隙可以产生垂直于矩形腔体顶点方向的电磁波波束，若将此时的馈电缝隙旋转90度，可以使得电磁波波束分为两个波束，电磁波波束方向分别变成垂直于两条相邻棱边，如果改变馈电缝隙和辐射缝隙的位置和方向，也可以产生垂直于两条棱边或者垂直于一条棱边和一个面的电磁波波束；四个辐射缝隙可以产生垂直于矩形腔体对立棱边方向或四个棱边方向或四个侧面方向或一条棱边加一个顶点方向的电磁波束，五辐射缝隙可以产生垂直于矩形腔体两个对立顶点方向的电磁波波束，在三维空间中实现电磁波波束方向的控制，具有设计简单，性能好，易加工，应用范围广等特点。
2、本发明可以将辐射体连接含PIN二极管的偏置电路来设计波束可调的天线，使辐射体与PIN二极管联合，通过控制PIN二极管的开关状态来实现天线的辐射方向。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的三维辐射体立体结构图。
图2为本发明实施例1的三维辐射体正视结构图。
图3为本发明实施例1的三维辐射体左视结构图。
图4为本发明实施例1的三维辐射体俯视结构图。
图5为本发明实施例1的采用平行于电场的二维极坐标辐射模式时三维辐射体的仿真和测量远场辐射对比图。
图6为本发明实施例1的采用平行于磁场的二维极坐标辐射模式时三维辐射体的仿真和测量远场辐射对比图。
图7为本发明实施例2的三维辐射体立体结构图。
图8为本发明实施例2的三维辐射体正视结构图。
图9为本发明实施例2的三维辐射体左视结构图。
图10为本发明实施例2的三维辐射体俯视结构图。
图11为本发明实施例2的采用平行于电场的二维极坐标辐射模式时三维辐射体的仿真和测量远场辐射对比图。
图12为本发明实施例2的采用平行于磁场的二维极坐标辐射模式时三维辐射体的仿真和测量远场辐射对比图。
其中，1-矩形腔体，2-矩形板，3-矩形波导，4-缝隙，401-馈电缝隙，402-第一辐射缝隙，403-第二辐射缝隙，404-第三辐射缝隙，405-第四辐射缝隙，406-第五辐射缝隙，5-螺纹固定孔。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1：
如图1~图4所示，本实施例提供了一种三维多方向性可控的辐射体，该三维辐射体包括矩形腔体1、矩形板2、矩形波导3和缝隙4，矩形板2将矩形腔体1的底面覆盖，所述缝隙4包括馈电缝隙401和两个辐射缝隙，矩形腔体1的内部填充有空气。
所述馈电缝隙401设置在矩形板2上，并与矩形波导3连接，该馈电缝隙401从矩形板2的底面上看，为两条长边上下设置、两条短边左右设置的矩形结构，矩形波导3与矩形板2平行。
所述两个辐射缝隙分别为第一辐射缝隙402和第二辐射缝隙403，第一辐射缝隙402和第二辐射缝隙403分别设置在矩形腔体1的两个相对侧面上，且第一辐射缝隙402和第二辐射缝隙403左右对称，其中第一辐射缝隙402设置在矩形腔体1的左侧面上，第二辐射缝隙403设置在矩形腔体1的右侧面上，即通过在矩形腔体1的左右侧面开槽进行辐射，产生垂直于矩形腔体1左右侧面方向的电磁波波束；进一步地，第一辐射缝隙402和第二辐射缝隙403的尺寸相同，第一辐射缝隙402从矩形腔体1对应的侧面上看，为两条长边左右设置、两条短边上下设置的矩形结构。
优选地，矩形腔体1、矩形板2和矩形波导3上均设有螺纹固定孔5，其中矩形腔体1的螺纹固定孔5有四个，矩形腔体1的四个螺纹固定孔5分别设置在矩形腔体1底面的四个角上；矩形波导3的螺纹固定孔5也有四个，矩形波导3的其中两个螺纹固定孔5设置在矩形波导3的第一边缘处，矩形波导3的另外两个螺纹固定孔5设置在矩形波导3与第一边缘处相对的第二边缘处；矩形板2的螺纹固定孔5有八个，矩形板2的其中四个螺纹固定孔5与矩形腔体1的螺纹固定孔5对应，另外四个螺纹固定孔5与矩形板2的螺孔固定孔5对应，然后通过螺钉将矩形腔体1、矩形板2、矩形波导3进行固定。
本实施例中，采用平行于电场的二维极坐标辐射模式时，三维辐射体的仿真和测量远场辐射对比图如图5所示，采用平行于磁场的二维极坐标辐射模式时，三维辐射体的仿真和测量远场辐射对比图如图6所示，其中实线是测量远场辐射图，虚线是仿真远场辐射图。由此可见，设计的三维辐射体在平行于电场的二维极坐标和平行于磁场的二维极坐标中，都具有很好的方向特性，辐射增益最大在5dBi附近，电磁波波束分别垂直于第一辐射缝隙402和第二辐射缝隙403所在的侧面方向。
实施例2：
如图7~图10所示，本实施例提供了一种三维多方向性可控的辐射体，该三维辐射体包括矩形腔体1、矩形板2、矩形波导3和缝隙4，矩形板2将矩形腔体1的底面覆盖，所述缝隙4包括馈电缝隙401和五个辐射缝隙，矩形腔体1的内部填充有空气。
所述馈电缝隙401设置在矩形板2上，并与矩形波导3连接，馈电缝隙401为相对于矩形板2的底面倾斜的矩形结构，相对应，矩形波导3也为相对于矩形板2的底面倾斜的矩形结构，优选地，馈电缝隙401和矩形波导相对于矩形板的底面倾斜的角度为45度。
所述五个辐射缝隙分别为第一辐射缝隙402、第二辐射缝隙403、第三辐射缝隙404、第四辐射缝隙404和第五辐射缝隙405，第一辐射缝隙402、第二辐射缝隙403、第三辐射缝隙404、第四辐射缝隙404设置在矩形腔体1的四个侧面上，其中第一辐射缝隙402设置在矩形腔体1的左侧面上，第二辐射缝隙403设置在矩形腔体1的右侧面上，且第一辐射缝隙402和第二辐射缝隙403左右对称，第三辐射缝隙404设置在矩形腔体1的前侧面上，第四辐射缝隙404设置在矩形腔体1的后侧面上，且第三辐射缝隙404和第四辐射缝隙404前后对称，而第五辐射缝隙405设置在矩形腔体1的顶面上，即通过在矩形腔体1的左右侧面、前后侧面和顶面开槽进行辐射，可以产生垂直于矩形腔体1顶点方向的电磁波波束；进一步地，第一辐射缝隙402、第二辐射缝隙403、第三辐射缝隙404、第四辐射缝隙404和第五辐射缝隙405的尺寸相同，第一辐射缝隙402、第二辐射缝隙403、第三辐射缝隙404、第四辐射缝隙404从对应的侧面上看，为两条长边上下设置、两条短边左右设置的矩形结构，第五辐射缝隙405为相对于矩形腔体1顶面倾斜的矩形结构，优选地，第五辐射缝隙405相对于矩形腔体顶面倾斜的角度为45度。
优选地，矩形腔体1、矩形板2和矩形波导3上均设有螺纹固定孔5，其中矩形腔体1的螺纹固定孔5有四个，矩形腔体1的四个螺纹固定孔5分别设置在矩形腔体1底面的四个角上；矩形波导3的螺纹固定孔5也有四个，矩形波导3的其中两个螺纹固定孔5设置在矩形波导3的第一边缘处，矩形波导3的另外两个螺纹固定孔5设置在矩形波导3与第一边缘处相对的第二边缘处；矩形板2的螺纹固定孔5有八个，矩形板2的其中四个螺纹固定孔5与矩形腔体1的螺纹固定孔5对应，另外四个螺纹固定孔5与矩形板2的螺孔固定孔5对应，然后通过螺钉将矩形腔体1、矩形板2、矩形波导3进行固定。
本实施例中，采用平行于电场的二维极坐标辐射模式时，三维辐射体的仿真和测量远场辐射对比图如图11所示，采用平行于磁场的二维极坐标辐射模式时，三维辐射体的仿真和测量远场辐射对比图如图12所示，其中实线是测量远场辐射图，虚线是仿真远场辐射图。由此可见，设计的三维辐射体在平行于电场的二维极坐标和平行于磁场的二维极坐标中，都具有很好的方向特性，辐射增益最大在5dBi附近，产生的两束电磁波分别垂直于矩形腔体1的两个相对顶点。
实施例3：
本实施例的主要特点是：辐射缝隙可以为一个，该辐射缝隙可以设置在矩形腔体1除底面外的任意一个面上（即顶面、左侧面、右侧面、前侧面和后侧面的其中一个面），可以产生垂直于矩形腔体所在面方向的电磁波波束；辐射缝隙还可以为两个，两个辐射缝隙设置在矩形腔体1的两个相邻侧面上，可以产生垂直于相邻两个侧面之间的棱边方向的电磁波波束，若将此时的馈电缝隙旋转90度，可以使得电磁波分为两束，分别垂直于辐射缝隙对应的侧面方向；或者当两个辐射缝隙设置在矩形腔体1的两个相邻侧面上时，将辐射缝隙旋转90度，同时将馈电缝隙旋转45度，可以产生垂直于矩形腔体1的棱边方向的电磁波波束；辐射缝隙还可以为三个，例如其中两个辐射缝隙设置在矩形腔体1的两个相邻侧面上，另一个辐射缝隙设置在矩形腔体1的顶面上，可以产生垂直于矩形腔体1顶点方向的电磁波波束，若将此时的馈电缝隙旋转90度，可以使得电磁波波束分为两个波束，电磁波波束方向分别变成垂直于两条相邻棱边，如果改变馈电缝隙和辐射缝隙的位置和方向，也可以产生垂直于两条棱边方向或者垂直于一条棱边和一个面方向的电磁波波束；辐射缝隙也可以为四个，四个辐射缝隙设置在矩形腔体1的四个侧面上，可以产生垂直于矩形腔体1对立棱边方向或四个棱边方向或四个侧面方向或一条棱边加一个顶点方向的电磁波束。因此，改变辐射缝隙的数量、位置、角度以及改变馈电缝隙的角度，都可以改变辐射体的辐射方向。
实施例4：
本实施例提供了一种天线，该天线包括电源、偏置电路以及上述实施例1~3中的三维辐射体，电源为偏置电路供电，偏置电路集成有PIN二极管，三维辐射体与偏置电路连接，通过控制偏置电路集成的PIN二极管开关状态来实现天线的辐射方向。
上述实施例中，矩形腔体1、矩形板2和矩形波导3采用的金属材料可以为铝、铁、锡、铜、银、金和铂的任意一种，或可以为铝、铁、锡、铜、银、金和铂任意一种的合金。
综上所述，本发明的辐射体在覆盖矩形腔体底面的矩形板上设置馈电缝隙，由馈电缝隙连接矩形波导，并在矩形腔体除底面外的至少一个面上设置辐射缝隙，辐射缝隙的数量、位置、角度的不同以及馈电缝隙角度的不同，会导致不同的辐射方向，例如一个辐射缝隙可以产生垂直于矩形腔体所在面方向的电磁波波束；两个辐射缝隙设置在矩形腔体的两个相对侧面上时，可以产生垂直于矩形腔体两个相对侧面方向的电磁波波束；两个辐射缝隙设置在矩形腔体的两个相邻侧面上时，可以产生垂直于相邻两个侧面之间的棱边方向的电磁波波束，若将此时的馈电缝隙旋转90度，可以使得电磁波分为两束，分别垂直于辐射缝隙对应的侧面方向；或者当两个辐射缝隙设置在矩形腔体的两个相邻侧面上时，将辐射缝隙旋转90度，同时将馈电缝隙旋转45度，可以产生垂直于矩形腔体棱边方向的电磁波波束；三个辐射缝隙可以产生垂直于矩形腔体顶点方向的电磁波波束，若将此时的馈电缝隙旋转90度，可以使得电磁波波束分为两个波束，电磁波波束方向分别变成垂直于两条相邻棱边，如果改变馈电缝隙和辐射缝隙的位置和方向，也可以产生垂直于两条棱边方向或者垂直于一条棱边和一个面方向的电磁波波束；四个辐射缝隙可以产生垂直于矩形腔体对立棱边方向或四个棱边方向或四个侧面方向或一条棱边加一个顶点方向的电磁波束，五辐射缝隙可以产生垂直于矩形腔体两个对立顶点方向的电磁波波束，在三维空间中实现电磁波波束方向的控制，具有设计简单，性能好，易加工，应用范围广等特点；本发明可以将辐射体连接含PIN二极管的偏置电路来设计波束可调的天线，使辐射体与PIN二极管联合，通过控制PIN二极管的开关状态来实现天线的辐射方向。
以上所述，仅为本发明专利较佳的实施例，但本发明专利的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明专利所公开的范围内，根据本发明专利的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都属于本发明专利的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 三维多方向性可控的辐射体，其特征在于：包括矩形腔体、矩形板和矩形波导，所述矩形板将矩形腔体的底面覆盖，且设有馈电缝隙，所述馈电缝隙与矩形波导连接，所述矩形腔体除底面外的至少一个面上设有辐射缝隙。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三维多方向性可控的辐射体，其特征在于：所述矩形腔体的两个相对侧面上分别设有辐射缝隙。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的三维多方向性可控的辐射体，其特征在于：所述矩形腔体两个相对侧面上的辐射缝隙从对应的矩形腔体侧面上看，为两条长边左右设置、两条短边上下设置的矩形结构；所述矩形板上的馈电缝隙从矩形板的底面上看，为两条长边上下设置、两条短边左右设置的矩形结构，所述矩形波导与矩形板平行。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的三维多方向性可控的辐射体，其特征在于：所述矩形腔体两个相对侧面上的辐射缝隙尺寸相同。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的三维多方向性可控的辐射体，其特征在于：所述矩形腔体的顶面和四个侧面上分别设有辐射缝隙。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的三维多方向性可控的辐射体，其特征在于：所述矩形腔体顶面上的辐射缝隙为相对于矩形腔体顶面倾斜的矩形结构，矩形腔体四个侧面上的辐射缝隙从对应的矩形腔体侧面上看，为两条长边左右设置、两条短边上下设置的矩形结构；所述矩形板上的馈电缝隙和矩形波导为相对于矩形板的底面倾斜的矩形结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的三维多方向性可控的辐射体，其特征在于：所述矩形腔体顶面上的辐射缝隙相对于矩形腔体顶面倾斜的角度为45度。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的三维多方向性可控的辐射体，其特征在于：所述矩形板上的馈电缝隙和矩形波导相对于矩形板的底面倾斜的角度为45度。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的三维多方向性可控的辐射体，其特征在于：所述矩形腔体顶面上的辐射缝隙和矩形腔体四个侧面上的辐射缝隙尺寸相同。
  10. 一种天线，其特征在于：包括电源、偏置电路以及权利要求1-9任一项所述的三维辐射体，所述电源为偏置电路供电，所述偏置电路集成有PIN二极管，所述三维辐射体与偏置电路连接。
PCT/CN2018/105988 2018-04-18 2018-09-17 三维多方向性可控的辐射体及天线 Ceased WO2019200829A1 (zh)

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