WO2019196159A1 - 一种钻头增速器以及钻井装置 - Google Patents

一种钻头增速器以及钻井装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019196159A1
WO2019196159A1 PCT/CN2018/086660 CN2018086660W WO2019196159A1 WO 2019196159 A1 WO2019196159 A1 WO 2019196159A1 CN 2018086660 W CN2018086660 W CN 2018086660W WO 2019196159 A1 WO2019196159 A1 WO 2019196159A1
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Prior art keywords
drill
sun shaft
drill bit
gear
speed
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PCT/CN2018/086660
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王瑞奇
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王瑞奇
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Application filed by 王瑞奇 filed Critical 王瑞奇
Priority to GB2016056.0A priority Critical patent/GB2586750B/en
Priority to US17/045,489 priority patent/US20210156198A1/en
Publication of WO2019196159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019196159A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/006—Mechanical motion converting means, e.g. reduction gearings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1014—Flexible or expansible centering means, e.g. with pistons pressing against the wall of the well
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/02—Fluid rotary type drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of drilling equipment, in particular to a drill bit speed increaser and a drilling device.
  • the drill rig connects the drill bit through a drill to drive the drill bit for drilling work.
  • the rig speed API standard of the existing drilling rig is controlled below 110 rpm, and the DC motor is usually used to realize the stepless speed regulation, which is beneficial to the stability of the wellbore and the fatigue damage of the drilling tool.
  • increasing the cutting speed of the drill bit and obtaining a higher mechanical drilling rate are always the goals pursued by the drilling operation.
  • screw or turbine is often used at home and abroad to increase the cutting speed of the bottom hole.
  • the screw and the turbine are driven by the mud flow energy, the power is small, and the actual use time is also short, and in particular, the petroleum industry is not required to increase the bit speed and reduce the development cost of the oil field. Moreover, if the speed is directly increased on the rig, it will lead to the screwing and fatigue damage of the drill, and affect the stability of the well wall. The increased drilling speed of the rig is absorbed by the deformation of the drill and cannot be transmitted to the drill bit, so the speed increase cannot be achieved.
  • Patent document CN101319596B discloses a close-up speed-increasing hard rock deep hole drill comprising a drill for powering a drill, a drill pipe connected to the drill, a drill bit; a position near the drill bit between the drill pipe and the drill bit A speed increaser is provided, one end of the speed increaser is connected to the input shaft, and the input shaft is connected with the drill rig; the other end of the speed increaser is provided with an output shaft, and the output shaft is connected with the drill bit.
  • the speed increaser and the input shaft and the output shaft are provided with a sleeve on the outside, and the outer diameter of the sleeve is not larger than the diameter of the drill.
  • the sleeve is provided with a longitudinal sliding keyway, and the speed increasing device is provided with a sliding key, and the sliding key is placed in the sliding keyway, so that the speed increasing device can only move axially along the sliding keyway of the sleeve.
  • the sleeve is provided with a clamping device for fixing the sleeve to the bored wall;
  • the clamping device can be in various structural forms, one of which is provided with three axial directions at one end of the sleeve near the drill bit a card slot, each of which is provided with a movable jaw connected to the sleeve, the bearing is provided with a bearing; the output shaft of the speed increaser is connected with the drill bit and the shaft segment of different diameter is processed, two A tapered transition section is provided between the shaft segments of different diameters; the bearing on the jaws cooperates with the tapered transition section of the output shaft and the large shaft diameter section.
  • the jaws When the output axially extends out of the sleeve, the jaws are distracted and the sleeve is secured to the pre-drilled wall of the hole.
  • the output shaft is movably connected to the drill bit, and a compression spring is arranged at the joint.
  • the output shaft can continue to advance for a distance, compressing the compression spring, and the conical surface of the output shaft and the card during the advancement process
  • the bearing contact on the jaws opens the jaws.
  • a speed increaser which can increase the speed of the drill bit is mentioned.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a drill bit speed increaser and a drilling apparatus for the purpose of solving the problem of lack of a reliable, stable, and low cost bit speed increase solution in existing drilling operations.
  • One of the embodiments of the present invention is a drill bit speed increaser for increasing the rotational speed of a drill bit in a drilling operation, the drill speed increaser comprising: an upper joint, a lower joint, a gear sleeve and three wings.
  • the upper joint is connected to the drill in the drilling operation, and the lower joint is connected to the drill bit.
  • the three wings are equally divided on the outer surface of the gear sleeve of the drill speed increaser, and each wing is mounted closely to the two pistons provided on the gear sleeve.
  • the drilling mud column in the drill speed increaser jacks up the piston on the gear sleeve, and the wing is opened and fits against the well wall.
  • the drill speed increaser also includes a sun shaft and a planetary gear.
  • the upper joint is a planetary gear bracket having three axial shafts along the drill shaft.
  • the support shaft is provided with planetary gears, and the planetary gears are simultaneously combined with the sun shaft gear and the gear sleeve.
  • the teeth are meshed, and the sun shaft is connected as a lower joint to the drill bit to drive the drill bit to rotate at a higher speed.
  • the upper joint is provided with a pawl.
  • the pawl is inserted into the sun gear tooth groove to push the sun shaft to rotate at the drilling speed.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a drilling apparatus comprising: a drilling machine, a drilling tool, a drill bit speed increaser, and a drill bit.
  • One end of the drill is connected to the drill and the other end is connected to the drill speed increaser.
  • the upper joint of the drill speed increaser is connected to the drill, and the lower joint of the drill speed increaser is connected to the drill.
  • the drill speed increaser is used to increase the speed of the drill bit during drilling operations.
  • the drill speed increaser includes: an upper joint, a lower joint, a gear sleeve and three wings.
  • the upper joint is connected to the drill in the drilling operation, and the lower joint is connected to the drill bit.
  • the three wings are equally divided on the outer surface of the gear sleeve of the drill speed increaser, and each wing is mounted closely to the two pistons provided on the gear sleeve.
  • the drilling mud column in the drill speed increaser jacks up the piston on the gear sleeve, and the wing is expanded and fitted to the well wall.
  • the drill speed increaser also includes a sun shaft and a planetary gear.
  • the upper joint is a planetary gear bracket having three axial shafts along the drill shaft.
  • the support shaft is provided with planetary gears, and the planetary gears are simultaneously combined with the sun shaft gear and the gear sleeve.
  • the teeth are meshed, and the sun shaft is connected as a lower joint to the drill bit to drive the drill bit to rotate at a higher speed.
  • the upper joint of the drill speed increaser is provided with a pawl. When the planetary gear transmission fails, the pawl is inserted into the sun gear tooth groove to push the sun shaft to rotate at the speed of the drill.
  • One of the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention is that by increasing the drill speed increaser for the drilling device, the cutting speed of the drill bit is increased by about 3-4 times, the drilling speed is doubled, and the drilling cost is saved.
  • One of the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention is that the purpose of increasing the rotational speed of the drill bit is achieved by the technical principle of the planetary gear set.
  • the wing structure is designed outside the gear sleeve to ensure the stability of the well wall, and the torque output is generated by the relative fixing of the wing plate and the well wall, so that the speed increasing effect is achieved well.
  • the embodiments of the present invention can be widely applied in the fields of drilling and exploration, including but not limited to oil drilling, coalbed methane drilling, shale gas drilling, marine oil and gas drilling and the like.
  • the speed increaser in the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
  • the drill bit growth rate is 3-4 times, and the drill speed is in line with international standards. Under the condition that the drill bit obtains high-speed cutting ability, there is no increase in the stability of the borehole wall and the fatigue damage of the drill.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a conventional drilling device.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the composition of a drilling apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a bottom plan view showing the working state of the near-bit speed increaser in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the drill speed increaser in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic axial view showing the A plane according to Fig. 4 in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the closed state of the flap in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the opening of the flap in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the ratchet principle of the upper joint in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a drilling apparatus includes a drill, a drill, a drill speed increaser, and a drill bit.
  • One end of the drill is connected to the drill, the other end is connected to the drill speed increaser, the upper joint of the drill speed increaser is connected to the drill, and the lower joint of the drill speed increaser is connected to the drill.
  • the drill can be a drill pipe.
  • the upper joint and the drill pipe can be screwed, and the lower joint and the drill bit can be screwed.
  • a drill bit increaser for increasing the rotational speed of a drill bit during a drilling operation comprising:
  • the drill speed increaser in the embodiment of the present invention is short-circuited with the drill, and is a speed increasing mechanism integrated by the gear shifting principle, and the working principle is the same as the gear shifting principle.
  • the wing plate fixing mechanism is designed on the gear sleeve, and the wing plate is driven by the drilling mud column pressure, and is relatively fixed with the well wall.
  • the gear set is working, the wing plate is supported by the mud column pressure to be fixed with the well wall. make sure the speed increaser produces shifting and transmitting torque.
  • the drill bit increaser further includes a sun shaft and a planetary gear
  • the upper joint is a planetary gear bracket having three fulcrums along the axial direction of the drill, the fulcrum
  • the upper gear has a planetary gear
  • the planetary gear meshes with the sun gear and the gear inner tooth at the same time, and the sun shaft is connected as a lower joint to the drill bit to drive the drill to increase the speed.
  • the upper joint is provided with a pawl, and when the planetary gear transmission fails, the pawl is inserted into the sun gear tooth groove to push the sun shaft to rotate at the speed of the drill.
  • the drill speed increaser includes a thrust bearing mounted on the sun shaft for transmitting axial thrust of the upper joint to the drill bit.
  • the drill speed increaser includes an anti-off pin that is disposed on the sun shaft for preventing the sun shaft and the drill bit from falling from the drill and the gear cover.
  • the drill speed increaser includes a sun shaft righting bearing, a gear sleeve righting bearing, and a lower righting bearing.
  • the sun shaft righting bearing and the gear sleeve righting bearing are respectively supported on the upper part of the drill speed increasing device for the sun shaft and the gear sleeve so as not to swing left and right when rotating.
  • the lower righting bearing is matched with the sun shaft righting bearing and the gear sleeve righting bearing at the lower part of the drill speed increaser to fix the sun shaft and the gear sleeve, and keep the middle shaft from shifting.
  • a drill bit increaser for increasing the rotational speed of a drill bit during a drilling operation comprising:
  • the drill speed increaser also includes a sun shaft and a planetary gear.
  • the upper joint is a planetary gear bracket having three axial shafts along the drill shaft.
  • the support shaft is provided with planetary gears, and the planetary gears are simultaneously combined with the sun shaft gear and the gear sleeve.
  • the teeth are meshed, and the sun shaft is connected as a lower joint to the drill bit to drive the drill bit to rotate at a higher speed.
  • the upper joint is provided with a pawl.
  • the pawl is inserted into the sun gear tooth groove to push the sun shaft to rotate at the drilling speed.
  • the drill speed increaser includes a thrust bearing mounted on the sun shaft for transmitting axial thrust of the upper joint to the drill bit.
  • the drill speed increaser includes an anti-off-pin that is disposed on the sun shaft to prevent the sun shaft and the drill bit from falling from the drill and the gear cover.
  • the drill speed increaser includes a sun shaft righting bearing, a gear sleeve righting bearing and a lower righting bearing.
  • the sun shaft righting bearing and the gear sleeve righting bearing are respectively supported on the upper part of the drill speed increasing device for the sun shaft and the gear sleeve so that they do not swing left and right when rotating.
  • the lower righting bearing is matched with the sun shaft righting bearing and the gear sleeve righting bearing at the lower part of the drill speed increaser to fix the sun shaft and the gear sleeve, and keep the middle shaft from shifting.
  • the upper joint acts as a planet carrier and drives the planetary gear to drive the sun gear to rotate.
  • the thrust bearing is drilled by the thrust bearing, and the lower structure of the drill speed increaser is connected by the anti-off pin.
  • the sun shaft righting bearing can reduce the rotation resistance of the upper joint and the sun shaft, and play a positive role.
  • the pawl prevents the gear unit from failing and the speed increaser can rotate at twice the speed and is mounted on the upper joint.
  • the gear sleeve forms a shifting gear set through the planetary gears, which is fixed relative to the well wall through the wing plate, ensuring that the gear combination can normally transfer the torque.
  • the three wings of the wing are at an angle of 120° on the gear sleeve, and the piston through the hydraulic system of the wing is connected with the pressure of the mud column in the riser. After the pump is turned on, the flap is pushed out to be relatively fixed to the well wall. The speed increaser is directly attached to the drill bit.
  • the ratchet mechanism operates as shown in FIG.
  • the sun shaft in the drill speed increaser is used as the rotating body 2, the pawl is regarded as the rotating body 1, and the pawl is disposed on the upper joint.
  • the speed of the rotating body 2 is greater than that of the rotating body 1, the rotating body 2 rotates.
  • the rotating speed of the rotating body 2 is smaller than that of the rotating body 1, the rotating body 1 drives the rotating body 2 to rotate, thereby ensuring that the gear shifting of the speed increaser fails.
  • the speed increaser also works twice as fast.
  • the drill bit increaser is applied to a drilling speed increaser in an 8 ⁇ half wellbore.
  • the maximum outer diameter of the gear sleeve is 208mm
  • the internal teeth are 42 teeth
  • the sun shaft teeth are 20 teeth
  • the minimum inner diameter is 38mm
  • the planetary gears are 12 teeth
  • the number of touches is 4
  • the total length of the speed increaser is 1680mm
  • the speed increase is 3.1 times.
  • the speed increaser When the speed increaser is just entering the well, it is an eye-catching well section, which has an impact on the performance of the tool.
  • drilling the drilling speed of the conventional drilling tool is quite high.
  • the depth of the well is 2050 meters, the normal speed of the tool is increased, and the average drilling time of 98 meters is drilled.
  • Min/m the fastest 2D/m in the deep drilling of 2112 meters, the effect is very good, the test is successful.

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Abstract

一种钻头增速器，该钻头增速器用于在钻井作业中提高钻头的转速，包括：上接头（1），该上接头（1）连接钻井作业中的钻具（200）；下接头，该下接头连接钻头（300）；3块翼板（9），3块翼板（9）被等分设置在钻头增速器的齿轮套（10）外缘面上，并且与嵌装在齿轮套（10）上的活塞（8）紧贴安装，当钻头（300）增速作业时，钻头增速器内的钻井泥浆液柱将所述齿轮套（10）上的活塞（8）顶起，翼板（9）被撑开并与井壁贴合。钻头增速器还包括太阳轴（12）和行星齿轮（4），上接头（1）是具有3根沿钻具轴向的支轴的行星轮支架，支轴上套装有行星齿轮（4），行星齿轮（4）同时与太阳轴齿轮和齿轮套（10）内齿啮合，太阳轴（12）作为下接头与钻头（300）连接，带动钻头（300）增速旋转。上接头（1）设有棘爪（3），当行星齿轮（4）传动失效时，棘爪（3）插入太阳轴（12）齿槽，推动太阳轴（12）以钻具转速旋转。该钻头增速器能提高钻头钻速，实现增速效果。

Description

一种钻头增速器以及钻井装置 技术领域
本发明涉及钻井设备技术领域，特别涉及一种钻头增速器以及钻井装置。
背景技术
在现有的钻井过程中，当需要加快钻头钻速时，只能通过调节钻机的方式来实现。例如如图1所示，钻机通过钻具连接钻头，驱动钻头进行钻井工作。现有钻机的转盘转速API标准控制在110转/分钟以下，通常采用直流电机实现无极调速，有利于井眼稳定和减轻钻具疲劳破坏。但是提高钻头的切削速度，获得较高的机械钻速始终是钻井作业追求的目标。目前国内、外常采用螺杆或涡轮对井底钻头切削速度进行增速。由于螺杆、涡轮是通过泥浆流动能量驱动，所以功率较小，而且实际使用时间也短，尤其无法满足石油行业对于提高钻头速度，降低油田开发成本的需求。而且，如果直接在钻机上增加转速，会导致钻具的拧结及疲劳破坏，同时影响井壁的稳定。钻机增加的钻速会通过钻具的形变所吸收，并不能全部传递给钻头，因此无法实现增速。
专利文献CN101319596B公开了一种近距增速式硬岩深孔钻进器，包括为钻进提供动力的钻机、与钻机连接的钻杆、钻头；在钻杆和钻头之间接近钻头的位置处设置有增速器，增速器的一端连接输入轴，输入轴与钻机连接；增速器的另一端设置有输出轴，输出轴与钻头连接。增速器及输入轴、输出轴的外面设置有套筒，套筒的外径不大于钻头的直径。套筒上设置有纵向的滑动键槽，增速器上设置有滑键，滑键置于滑动键槽内，使增速器只能够沿着套筒的滑动键槽轴向移动。套筒上设置有将套筒固定在所钻孔壁上的卡紧装置；此卡紧装置可以是多种的结构形式，其中的一种结构是在套筒靠近钻头的一端设置有三个轴向的卡槽，每个卡槽内都设置有与套筒连接的活动的卡爪，卡爪上设置有轴承；增速器的输出轴与钻头连接的一端加工有不同直径的轴段，两个不同直径的轴段之间为锥形过渡段；卡爪上的轴承与输出轴的锥形过渡段及大轴径段配合。当输出轴向前伸出套筒时，卡爪就被撑开，将套筒固定在预先钻出的孔壁上。输出轴与钻头为活动连接，其连接处设置有压缩弹簧，当钻头被岩石顶 住不能前进时，输出轴能继续前进一段距离，将压缩弹簧压缩，前进的过程中输出轴的圆锥面与卡爪上的轴承接触将卡爪撑开。在专利文献CN101319596B中，则提到了可以对钻头起到增速作用的增速器。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供了一种钻头增速器以及钻井装置，目的在于解决现有钻进作业中缺乏可靠稳定、成本较低的钻头增速解决方案的问题。
本发明的实施例之一，一种钻头增速器，该钻头增速器用于在钻井作业中提高钻头的转速，钻头增速器包括：上接头、下接头、齿轮套和3块翼板。
上接头连接钻井作业中的钻具，下接头连接钻头。3块翼板被等分设置在钻头增速器的齿轮套外缘面上，并且每块翼板与2个设在齿轮套上的活塞紧贴安装。当钻头增速作业时，钻头增速器内的钻井泥浆液柱将所述齿轮套上的活塞顶起，翼板被撑开并与井壁贴合。
钻头增速器还包括太阳轴和行星齿轮，上接头是具有3根沿钻具轴向的支轴的行星轮支架，支轴上套装有行星齿轮，行星齿轮同时与太阳轴齿轮和齿轮套内齿啮合，太阳轴作为下接头与钻头连接，带动钻头增速旋转。
上接头设有棘爪，当行星齿轮传动失效时，棘爪插入太阳轴齿槽，推动太阳轴以钻具转速旋转。
本发明实施例之一，一种钻井装置，该装置包括：钻机、钻具、钻头增速器、钻头。钻具的一端连接钻机，另一端连接钻头增速器。钻头增速器的上接头连接钻具，钻头增速器的下接头连接钻头。
钻头增速器用于在钻井作业中提高钻头的转速，钻头增速器包括：上接头、下接头、齿轮套和3块翼板。
上接头连接钻井作业中的钻具，下接头连接钻头。3块翼板被等分设置在钻头增速器的齿轮套外缘面上，并且每块翼板与2个设在齿轮套上的活塞紧贴安装。当钻头作业时，钻头增速器内的钻井泥浆液柱将所述齿轮套上的活塞顶起，翼板被撑开并与井壁贴合。
钻头增速器还包括太阳轴和行星齿轮，上接头是具有3根沿钻具轴向的支轴的行星轮支架，支轴上套装有行星齿轮，行星齿轮同时与太阳轴齿轮和齿轮 套内齿啮合，太阳轴作为下接头与钻头连接，带动钻头增速旋转。钻头增速器的上接头设有棘爪，当行星齿轮传动失效时，棘爪插入太阳轴齿槽，推动太阳轴以钻具转速旋转。
本发明实施例有益效果之一是，通过对于钻井装置增加钻头增速器，提高了钻头切削速度3-4倍左右，钻井速度成倍提高，节约了钻井成本。
本发明实施例有益效果之一是，通过行星齿轮组技术原理，达到了对钻头提高转速的目的。
本发明实施例有益效果之一是，在齿轮套外设计翼板结构，保证井壁的稳定，通过翼板与井壁发生相对固定而产生扭矩输出，很好的实现增速效果。
本发明的实施例可广泛应用于钻井及勘探领域，包括但不限于石油钻井钻探、煤层气钻探、页岩气钻探、海洋油气钻探等领域。
相对于现有技术，本发明实施例中的增速器具有以下优点：
1)实现钻头增速3-4倍，钻具转速符合国际标准，在钻头获得高速切削能力的情况下，对井壁稳定和钻具疲劳破坏没有增加影响。
2)对泥浆性能、净化程度没有要求，而现有的螺杆等增速工具对泥浆性能和净化要求高。
3)提高了钻头的线性剪切速度3倍以上，钻井机械钻速也提高了3倍左右，缩短了钻井周期，大幅度降低了钻井成本。在低油价环境下，对油田勘探开发有十分重要的意义。
附图说明
通过参考附图阅读下文的详细描述，本发明示例性实施方式的上述以及其他目的、特征和优点将变得易于理解。在附图中，以示例性而非限制性的方式示出了本发明的若干实施方式，其中：
图1现有的钻井装置组成示意图。
图2本发明实施例中钻井装置组成示意图。
图3本发明实施例中近钻头增速器工作状态仰视图。
图4是本发明实施例中钻头增速器剖切示意图。
图5是本发明实施例中根据图4剖切A面的轴向示意图。
图6是本发明实施例中翼板闭合状态示意图。
图7是本发明实施例中翼板撑开示意图。
图8是本发明实施例中上接头的棘轮原理示意图。
100——钻机，200——钻具，300——钻头，400——钻头增速器，500——井眼。1——上接头，2——太阳轴扶正轴承，3——棘爪，4——行星齿轮，5——防脱销，6——推力轴承，7——齿轮套扶正轴承，8——活塞，9——翼板，10——齿轮套，11——下扶正轴承，12——太阳轴。
具体实施方式
根据一个或多个实施例，如图2所示，一种钻井装置，该装置包括：钻机、钻具、钻头增速器和钻头。钻具的一端连接钻机，另一端连接钻头增速器，钻头增速器的上接头连接钻具，钻头增速器的下接头连接钻头。这里，钻具可以是钻杆。上接头与钻杆可以用螺纹连接，下接头与钻头可以用螺纹连接。
根据一个或多个实施例，结合附图3、6和7，一种钻头增速器，该钻头增速器用于在钻井作业中提高钻头的转速，所述钻头增速器包括：
上接头，该上接头连接钻井作业中的钻具；
下接头，该下接头连接钻头；
齿轮套；
3块翼板，这3块翼板被等分设置在所述钻头增速器的齿轮套外缘面上，并且与嵌装在齿轮套上的活塞紧贴安装。当钻头增速作业时，钻头增速器内的钻井泥浆液柱将所述齿轮套上的活塞顶起，这时，翼板被撑开并与井壁贴合。每块翼板与2个设在齿轮套上的活塞紧贴安装。
如图3所示，本发明实施例中的钻头增速器，与钻具短接，是利用齿轮变速原理集成的增速机构，工作原理同齿轮变速原理。在齿轮套上设计翼板固定机构，翼板由钻井泥浆液柱压力驱动，与井壁产生相对固定，当齿轮组工作时，翼板在泥浆液柱压力作用下撑出与井壁产生固定，确保增速器能产生变速和传递扭矩。
根据一个或多个实施例，结合附图3、4和5，钻头增速器还包括太阳轴和行星齿轮，上接头是具有3根沿钻具轴向的支轴的行星轮支架，支轴上套装有行星齿轮，行星齿轮同时与太阳轴齿轮和齿轮套内齿啮合，太阳轴作为下接头与钻头连接，带动钻头增速旋转。
根据一个或多个实施例，如图5所示，所述上接头设有棘爪，当行星齿轮传动失效时，棘爪插入太阳轴齿槽，推动太阳轴以钻具转速旋转。
根据一个或多个实施例，如图5所示，钻头增速器包括一个推力轴承，该推力轴承安装在太阳轴上，用于将上接头的轴向推力传递给钻头。
根据一个或多个实施例，如图5所示，钻头增速器包括防脱销，该防脱销设置在所述太阳轴上，用于防止太阳轴及钻头从钻具及齿轮套掉落。
根据一个或多个实施例，如图5所示，钻头增速器包括太阳轴扶正轴承、齿轮套扶正轴承和下扶正轴承。太阳轴扶正轴承和齿轮套扶正轴承是在所述钻头增速器上部分别给太阳轴、齿轮套支撑，使其在旋转时不会左右摇摆。而下扶正轴承是在所述钻头增速器的下部配合太阳轴扶正轴承和齿轮套扶正轴承将太阳轴及齿轮套扶正，保持中轴不偏移。
根据一个或多个实施例，如图3、4、5、6和7所示，一种钻头增速器，该钻头增速器用于在钻井作业中提高钻头的转速，钻头增速器包括：
上接头，该上接头连接钻井作业中的钻具；
下接头，该下接头连接钻头；
齿轮套；
3块翼板，这3块翼板被等分设置在所述钻头增速器的齿轮套外缘面上，并且与嵌装在齿轮套上的活塞紧贴安装。当钻头增速作业时，钻头增速器内的钻井泥浆液柱将所述齿轮套上的活塞顶起，这时，翼板被撑开并与井壁贴合。每块翼板与2个设在齿轮套上的活塞紧贴安装。
钻头增速器还包括太阳轴和行星齿轮，上接头是具有3根沿钻具轴向的支轴的行星轮支架，支轴上套装有行星齿轮，行星齿轮同时与太阳轴齿轮和齿轮套内齿啮合，太阳轴作为下接头与钻头连接，带动钻头增速旋转。
上接头设有棘爪，当行星齿轮传动失效时，棘爪插入太阳轴齿槽，推动太阳轴以钻具转速旋转。钻头增速器包括一个推力轴承，该推力轴承安装在太阳轴上，用于将上接头的轴向推力传递给钻头。钻头增速器包括防脱销，该防脱销设置在所述太阳轴上，用于防止太阳轴及钻头从钻具及齿轮套掉落。
钻头增速器包括太阳轴扶正轴承、齿轮套扶正轴承和下扶正轴承。太阳轴扶正轴承和齿轮套扶正轴承是在所述钻头增速器上部分别给太阳轴、齿轮套支 撑，使其在旋转时不会左右摇摆。而下扶正轴承是在所述钻头增速器的下部配合太阳轴扶正轴承和齿轮套扶正轴承将太阳轴及齿轮套扶正，保持中轴不偏移。
上接头作为行星轮支架，并驱动行星齿轮带动太阳轴齿轮转动，同时通过推力轴承给钻头加钻压，通过防脱销连接钻头增速器的下部结构。太阳轴扶正轴承能减少上接头与太阳轴的旋转阻力，起到扶正作用。棘爪是防止齿轮组失效后，增速器还能一倍速度旋转，镶嵌在上接头上。齿轮套通过行星齿轮组成变速齿轮组，它通过翼板与井壁相对固定，确保齿轮组合能正常转递扭矩。翼板三个成120°夹角均部在齿轮套上，通过翼板液压系统的活塞与立管内泥浆液柱压力产生联系。开泵后，翼板被推出与井壁产生相对固定。增速器直接接在钻头上。
根据一个或多个实施例，如图8所示的棘轮机构工作原理。把钻头增速器中太阳轴作为旋转体2，棘爪看作旋转体1，棘爪设置在上接头上。当旋转体2的速度大于旋转体1时，旋转体2自转，当旋转体2的转动速度小于旋转体1时，旋转体1带动旋转体2转动，确保增速器的齿轮变速失效情况下，增速器还有一倍的速度工作。
根据一个或多个实施例，钻头增速器应用在8吋半井眼中的钻井增速器。齿轮套最大外径208mm,内齿42齿，太阳轴齿20齿，最小内径38mm，行星齿轮12齿，摸数4，增速器总长1680mm，增速3.1倍。
现场试验两口井次均成功。2017年4月在许50井2468米E 2F 1泥岩地层下入增速器钻进2个单根计19.26米，最快钻井速度4分钟/米，常规钻具需要15分钟/米，提速3.75倍。
2017年11月16日在河X7井2208米，地层E 2F 2第二次增速器试验，圆满成功。
河X7井增速器试验钻时统计表
井深m 钻时分/米 井深m 钻时分/米 井深m 钻时分/米
2044 9 2045 19 2046 13
2047 19 2048 19 2049 13
2050 8 2051 7 2052 7
2093 9 2094 6 2095 6
2096 6 2097 6 2098 6
2106 3 2107 4 2108 4
2109 4 2110 4 2111 2
2112 2 2113 2 2114 3
2130 3 2131 3 2132 3
2133 3 2134 5 2135 5
增速器刚入井时，为取心划眼井段，对工具性能有影响，钻时相当常规钻具的钻井速度，进入2050米井深，工具正常增速，共钻进98米平均钻时6分/米，2112米井深钻时最快2分/米，效果非常好，试验成功。
值得说明的是，虽然前述内容已经参考若干具体实施方式描述了本发明创造的精神和原理，但是应该理解，本发明并不限于所公开的具体实施方式，对各方面的划分也不意味着这些方面中的特征不能组合，这种划分仅是为了表述的方便。本发明旨在涵盖所附权利要求的精神和范围内所包括的各种修改和等同布置。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种钻头增速器，该钻头增速器用于在钻井作业中提高钻头的转速，所述钻头增速器包括：
    上接头，该上接头连接钻井作业中的钻具；
    下接头，该下接头连接钻头；
    齿轮套；
    至少3块翼板，这3块翼板被等分设置在所述钻头增速器的齿轮套外缘面上，并且与嵌装在齿轮套上的活塞紧贴安装，当钻头增速作业时，所述钻头增速器内的钻井泥浆液柱将所述齿轮套上的活塞顶起，这时，翼板被撑开并与井壁贴合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的钻头增速器，其特征在于，每块翼板与2个设在齿轮套上的活塞紧贴安装。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的钻头增速器，其特征在于，所述钻头增速器还包括太阳轴和行星齿轮，
    所述上接头是具有至少3根沿钻具轴向的支轴的行星轮支架，所述支轴上套装有行星齿轮，行星齿轮同时与太阳轴齿轮和齿轮套内齿啮合，所述太阳轴作为下接头与钻头连接，带动钻头增速旋转。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的钻头增速器，其特征在于，所述上接头设有棘爪，当行星齿轮传动失效时，棘爪插入太阳轴齿槽，推动太阳轴以钻具转速旋转。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的钻头增速器，其特征在于，所述钻头增速器包括一个推力轴承，该推力轴承安装在太阳轴上，用于将上接头的轴向推力传递给钻头。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的钻头增速器，其特征在于，所述钻头增速器包括防脱销，该防脱销设置在所述太阳轴上，用于防止太阳轴及钻头从钻具及齿轮套掉落。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的钻头增速器，其特征在于，所述钻头增速器包括太阳轴扶正轴承、齿轮套扶正轴承和下扶正轴承，
    太阳轴扶正轴承和齿轮套扶正轴承是在所述钻头增速器上部分别给太阳轴、齿轮套支撑，使其在旋转时不会左右摇摆，
    而下扶正轴承是在所述钻头增速器的下部配合太阳轴扶正轴承和齿轮套扶 正轴承将太阳轴及齿轮套扶正，保持中轴不偏移。
  8. 一种钻井装置，其特征在于，该装置包括：
    钻机；
    钻具；
    如权利要求1所述的钻头增速器；
    钻头，
    钻具的一端连接钻机，另一端连接钻头增速器，
    钻头增速器的上接头连接钻具，钻头增速器的下接头连接钻头。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的钻井装置，其特征在于，所述钻头增速器还包括太阳轴和行星齿轮，
    所述上接头是具有至少3根沿钻具轴向的支轴的行星轮支架，所述支轴上套装有行星齿轮，行星齿轮同时与太阳轴齿轮和齿轮套内齿啮合，所述太阳轴作为下接头与钻头连接，带动钻头增速旋转。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的钻井装置，其特征在于，所述钻头增速器的上接头设有棘爪，当行星齿轮传动失效时，棘爪插入太阳轴齿槽，推动太阳轴以钻具转速旋转。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的钻井装置，其特征在于，所述钻头增速器包括一个推力轴承，该推力轴承安装在太阳轴上，用于将上接头的轴向推力传递给钻头，
    所述钻头增速器包括防脱销，该防脱销设置在所述太阳轴上，用于防止太阳轴及钻头从钻具及齿轮套掉落。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的钻井装置，其特征在于，所述钻头增速器包括太阳轴扶正轴承、齿轮套扶正轴承和下扶正轴承，
    太阳轴扶正轴承和齿轮套扶正轴承是在所述钻头增速器上部分别给太阳轴、齿轮套支撑，使其在旋转时不会左右摇摆，
    而下扶正轴承是在所述钻头增速器的下部配合太阳轴扶正轴承和齿轮套扶正轴承将太阳轴及齿轮套扶正，保持中轴不偏移。
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