WO2019194725A1

WO2019194725A1 - Performing cell measurements

Info

Publication number: WO2019194725A1
Application number: PCT/SE2019/050290
Authority: WO
Inventors: Pradeepa Ramachandra; Icaro L. J. Da Silva
Original assignee: Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority date: 2018-04-04
Filing date: 2019-03-29
Publication date: 2019-10-10

Abstract

Embodiments described herein relate to methods and apparatus for performing cell measurements. A method performed by a wireless device comprises receiving a first control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operation, receiving broadcast system information, and, responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to a default procedure.

Description

PERFORMING CELL MEASUREMENTS

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to a method performed by a wireless device for performing a cell measurement. The present disclosure also relates to a method performed by a base station for instructing a wireless device how to perform cell measurements. The present disclosure also relates to a wireless device, a user equipment and a base station.

BACKGROUND

Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and/or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a/an/the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methods disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following or preceding another step and/or where it is implicit that a step must follow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.

In Long Term Evolution (LTE), cell quality derivation may be performed by measurements on so-called cell specific reference signals (CRS) derived at least from primary and/or secondary synchronization signals (PSS/SSS) that encode the physical cell identifier (PCI). In other words, for each cell identified by a PCI, the UE is able to derive the cell quality.

A specific aspect in LTE about cell quality derivation (i.e. the reference signal received power, RSRP, reference signal received quality, RSRG and/or signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio, SINR, per cell) is that the network may not need to configure parameters for the wireless device to be able to derive the cell quality. A similar computation may be performed in both RRC_CONNECTED and RRCJDLE modes of operation, although requirements for Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements may differ (especially depending on the discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle being used).

In New Radio (NR), due to the possible wide range of frequencies that can be deployed (up to 100 GHz), it is expected a wide usage of beamforming of data channels and control channels. That is true especially for in mmWave frequencies propagation is challenging and coverage may be an issue.

For this reason, NR has been designed with reference signals (e.g. configured to be used for channel state information (CSI) reporting and RRM measurements), and synchronization signals, that may be transmitted in beams. Consequently, reference signals used for cell quality derivation may also be transmitted in multiple beams and, therefore cell quality derivation may need to be a function of multiple beams transmitting reference signals carrying the same PCI.

For RRC_CONNECTED, the following measurement model has been agreed in 3GPP. In RRC_CONNECTED, the wireless device measures multiple beams (at least one) of a cell and the measurements results (power values) are averaged to derive the cell quality. In doing so, the wireless device may be configured to consider a subset of the detected beams: for example, the N best beams above an absolute threshold. Filtering may take place at two different levels: at the physical layer to derive beam quality and then at RRC level to derive cell quality from multiple beams. Cell quality from beam measurements may be derived in the same way for the serving cell(s) and for the non-serving cell(s). Measurement reports may contain the measurement results of the best beams if the UE is configured to do so by the gNB.

The corresponding high-level measurement model is described below and illustrated in Figure 1.

Referring to the measurement model illustrated in Figure 1 , K beams correspond to the measurements on NR-synchronization signal block or channel state information resource signalling (CSI-RS) resources configured for L3 mobility by gNB and detected by UE at L1.

The signal A comprises measurements, for example beam specific samples internal to the physical layer.

The layer 1 filtering comprises internal layer 1 filtering of the inputs measured at point A. The exact filtering used may implementation dependent. How the measurements are actually executed in the physical layer by an implementation (inputs A and Layer 1 filtering) is not currently constrained by the standard.

The signal A¹ comprises measurements (i.e. beam specific measurements) reported by layer 1 to layer 3 after layer 1 filtering.

In the Beam Consolidation/Selection beam specific measurements are consolidated to derive the cell quality of the number of beams have a quality above the threshold N > 1 , else when N = 1 the best beam measurement is selected to derive cell quality. The behaviour of the Beam consolidation/selection may be standardised and the configuration of this module may be provided by RRC signalling. The reporting period at B equals one measurement period at A¹.

The signal B comprises a measurement (i.e. cell quality) derived from beam- specific measurements reported to layer 3 after beam consolidation/selection.

The Layer 3 filtering for cell quality comprises filtering performed on the measurements provided at point B. The behaviour of the Layer 3 filters may be standardised and the configuration of the layer 3 filters may be provided by RRC signalling. The filtering reporting period at C equals one measurement period at B.

The signal C comprises a measurement after processing in the layer 3 filter. The reporting rate is identical to the reporting rate at point B. This measurement is used as input for one or more evaluation of reporting criteria.

Evaluation of reporting criteria comprises checking whether actual measurement reporting is necessary at point D. The evaluation can be based on more than one flow of measurements at reference point C e.g. to compare between different measurements. This is illustrated by input C and C¹. The wireless device may evaluate the reporting criteria at least every time a new measurement result is reported at point C, C¹. The reporting criteria may be standardised and the configuration is provided by RRC signalling (UE measurements).

The signal D comprises measurement report information (message) sent on the radio interface.

The layer 3 (L3) Beam filtering comprises filtering performed on the measurements (i.e. beam specific measurements) provided at point A¹. The behaviour of the beam filters may be standardised and the configuration of the beam filters may be provided by RRC signalling. The filtering reporting period at E equals one measurement period at A¹. The signal E comprises a measurement (i.e. beam-specific measurement) after processing in the beam filter. The reporting rate may be identical to the reporting rate at point A¹. This measurement may be used as input for selecting the X measurements to be reported.

The Beam Selection for beam reporting comprises selecting the X measurements from the measurements provided at point E. The behaviour of the beam selection may be standardised and the configuration of this module may be provided by RRC signalling.

The signal F comprises beam measurement information included in measurement report (sent) on the radio interface.

More details on the CQD in RRC_CONNECTED are provided in the RRC specification. The parameters of the maximum number of beams to average and 09consolidation threshold may be provided per frequency in the measurement object, as shown below Appendix 1.

The procedure for CQD in RRC_CONNECTED using these parameters may be defined as described below.

The network may configure the wireless device to derive RSRP, RSRQ and SI NR measurement results per cell associated with NR carrier frequencies based on parameters configured in the field measObject (e.g. maximum number of beams to be averaged and beam consolidation thresholds) and in the field reportConfig ( rsType to be measured, SS/PBCH block or CSI-RS).

The wireless device may for each cell measurement quantity to be derived based on SS/PBCH block, if nrofSS-BlocksToAverage in the associated measObject is not configured; orif absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation in the associated measObject is not configured; or if the highest beam measurement quantity value is below absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidatiorr. derive each cell measurement quantity based on SS/PBCH block as the highest beam measurement quantity value, where each beam measurement quantity is described in TS 38.215 [9]

Otherise, if nrofSS-BlocksToAverage in the associated measObject is configured the wireless device may derive each cell measurement quantity based on SS/PBCH block as the linear average of the power values of the highest beam measurement quantity values above absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation where the total number of averaged beams shall not exceed nrofSS-BlocksToAverage. The wireless device may then apply layer 3 cell filtering as described earlier.

The wireless device may for each cell measurement quantity to be derived based on CSI-RS consider a CSI-RS resource on the associated frequency to be applicable for deriving cell measurements when the concerned CSI-RS resource is included in the csi-rs-ResourceConfigMobility with the corresponding physCellld and CSI-RS-CellMobility in the associated measObject.

If nrofCSI-RS-ResourcesToAverage in the associated measObject is not configured; or if absThreshCSI-RS-Consolidation in the associated measObject is not configured; or if the highest beam measurement quantity value is below absThreshCSI-RS-Consolidation the wireless device may derive each cell measurement quantity based on CSI-RS as the highest beam measurement quantity value, where each beam measurement quantity is described in TS 38.215 [9]

Otherwise, the wireless device may derive each cell measurement quantity based on CSI-RS as the linear average of the power values of the highest beam measurement quantity values above absThreshCSI-RS-Consolidation where the total number of averaged beams shall not exceed nroCSI-RS-ResourcesToAverage ;

The wireless device may then apply layer 3 cell filtering as described above.

There currently exist certain challenge(s) In RAN2, it has been discussed how the UE shall perform cell quality derivation when it is in RRCJDLE and/or RRCJNACTIVE. For example, the Cell quality derivation for cell selection is up to UE implementation. Furthermore, as a baseline for cell reselection, for multiple beams, the derivation formula used in Connected mode for cell quality may also applicable to Idle mode; i.e. the quality is calculated as a linear average over up to N best beams above a threshold which are configured per carrier and broadcasted. Further optimization may be considered, e.g., considering on the number of actual good beams (the quality of the beam is above the threshold) for cell reselection.

CQD parameters that may be used by a wireless device operating in RRCJNACTIVE or RRCJDLE may be broadcasted by the network. For example, in System information block 2 (SIB2), the network may broadcast CQD parameters for intra-frequency measurements and in system information block 4 (SIB4), the network may broadcast CQD parameters for inter-frequency measurements, as shown below in Appendix 2. Considering the existing rule in TS38.331 for CQD, defined for RRC_CONNECTED UEs, and its default UE action when CQD parameters are not provided (UE uses the best beam in terms of each measurement quantity). Considering also that it has been agreed that CQD parameters may also be broadcasted in SIB2 and SIB4 to assist an RRCJNACTIVE and RRCJDLE UE to perform CQD, it is currently ambiguous how the UE acts in the scenarios of:

- RRCJDLE to RRC_CONNECTED transition

o RRCSetup message contains a measConfig with CQD parameters; o RRCSetup message does not contain a measConfig with CQD parameters;

- RRCJN ACTIVE to RRC_CONNECTED transition

o RRCResume message contains a measConfig with CQD parameters; o RRCResume message does not contain a measConfig with CQD parameters;

The same can be said of the ambiguity as to how the UE obtains the CQD parameters during;

RRC CONNECTED to RRC IDLE/RRC INACTIVE transition

SIB2 and SIB4 messages contain CQD parameters;

SIB2 and SIB4 messages do not contain CQD parameters. Certain aspects of the present disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges. It is an object of the present disclosure to provide methods, a wireless device and a base station which at least partially address one or more of the challenges discussed above.

SUMMARY

Aspects of the present disclosure introduce a new mechanism that addresses the ambiguity in terms of which CQD parameters are to be used when a UE is performing state transition from RRCJDLE to RRC_CONNECTED or from RRCJN ACTIVE to RRC_CONNECTED under different scenarios. Aspects of the present disclosure also adderss the ambiguity over what should be done when parameters are not broadcasted in system information for RRCJDLE or RRCJNACIVE UEs.

There are, proposed herein, various embodiments which address one or more of the issues disclosed herein. Certain embodiments may provide one or more of the technical advantage(s) discussed below.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a wireless device for performing a cell measurement. The method comprises receiving a first control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operation and receiving broadcast system information. The method further comprises, responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to a default procedure.

In some examples, the method may further comrpise: depending on the second mode of operation, deleting or storing available cell measurement parameter.

In some examples, the cell measurement may comprise determining a cell quality of one or more cells from which the wireless device is receiving beamformed reference signals.

In some examples, the beamformed reference signals may comprise one or more of synchronization signal blocks, SSB, Physical Broadcast Channel, PBCH, blocks and Chanel Status Information Reference Signals, CSI-RS.

In some examples, the default procedure may be to determine a cell quality of a cell using a beamformed reference signal received from the cell, which beamformed reference signal has a best value for that cell quality from among all beamformed reference signals received from the cell.

In some examples, the method may further comprise: responsive to the broadcast system information comprising information relating to at least one first cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to the at least one first cell measurement parameter.

In some examples, the at least one first cell measurement parameter may comprise at least one first Cell Quality Derivation, CQD, parameter for use in determining cell quality based on beamformed reference signals. In some examples, the at least one CQD parameter may be associated with one or more frequencies, one or more cell(s) or one or more frequencies each associated with one or more cells.

In some examples, the first mode of operation may be associated with a first level of signaling overhead and the second mode of operation may be associated with a second level of signaling overhead which is less that the first level of signaling overhead.

In some examples, the first mode of operation may be optimized for uplink and downlink data transmission and the second mode of operation may be optimized to minimize power consumption of the wireless device.

In some examples, the first mode of operation may comprise a Radio Resource Control, RRC, Connected mode of operation and the second mode of operation comprises an RRC Idle or an RRC Inactive mode of operation.

In some examples, the broadcast system information may comprise a System Information Block, SIB, which may comprise at least one of SIB2 or SIB4.

In some examples, the method may further comprise: responsive to the wireless device performing cell reselection, re-receiving broadcast system information, responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to a default procedure, and, responsive to the broadcast system information comprising information relating to at least one first cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to the at least one first cell measurement parameter.

In some examples, the method may further comprise sending a request message to a base station, requesting to transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation, receiving a second control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation, and, responsive to the second control message not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing at least one of: cell measurement according to the default procedure and/or cell measurement according to at least one first cell measurement parameter received with the broadcast system information. In some examples, the method may further comprise: responsive to the second control message comprising information relating to at least one second cell measurement parameter, performing at least one of: discarding a cell measurement parameter received with the broadcast system information, performing a cell measurement according to the at least one second cell measurement parameter received with the second control message and/or applying a delta signaling to the at least one second cell measurement parameter received with the second control message and to at least one first cell measurement parameter received with the broadcast system information.

In some examples, the second mode of operation may comprise an RRC Idle mode of operation.

In some examples, the method may further comprise, responsive to receiving the broadcast system information, discarding any cell measurement parameters obtained during operation in RRC Connected mode.

In some examples, the method may further comprise: sending a request message to a base station, requesting to transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation, receiving a second control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation, and, responsive to the second control message not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing at least one of: checking for an explicit or implicit flag in the second control message and performing a cell measurement according to the default procedure or performing a cell measurement according to at least one first cell measurement parameter received with the broadcast system information in accordance with the presence or absence of the flag, and/or checking for an instruction to flush any cell measurement parameters obtained during the second mode of operation and flushing at least a cell measurement parameter obtained during the second mode of operation in accordance with the instruction.

In some examples, the second mode of operation may comprise an RRC Inactive mode of operation.

In some examples, the method may further comprise, responsive to receiving the broadcast system information, storing an available cell measurement parameter. In some examples, the method may further comrpise: responsive to the broadcast system information comprising information relating to at least one first cell measurement parameter, performing at least one of performing a cell measurement according to the at least one first cell measurement parameter and saving any cell measurement parameters obtained during operation in RRC Connected mode, applying a delta signaling to the at least one first cell measurement parameter received with the broadcast system information and to any cell measurement parameters obtained during operation in RRC Connected mode and/or receiving an instruction from a base station concerning any cell measurement parameters obtained during operation in RRC Connected mode and following the instruction.

In some examples, the emhtod may further comprise sending a request message to a base station, requesting to transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation, receiving a second control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation, and responsive to the second control message comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, applying a delta signaling to any cell measurement parameters obtained when wireless device transitioned from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation.

In some examples, the method may further comprise sending a request message to a base station, requesting to transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation, receiving a third control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition to a mode of operation which is not the first mode of operation, receiving broadcast system information, and, responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to the default procedure, or, responsive to the broadcast system information comprising information relating to at least one first cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to the at least one first cell measurement parameter.

In some examples, the method may further comprise sending a new request message to a base station, requesting to transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation, receiving a fourth control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition to a mode of operation which is not the first mode of operation, and responsive to the fourth control message not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to the default procedure.

In some examples, the cell measurement parameter may comprise at least one of: an indication of a maximum number of beams to be averaged when performing Cell Quality Derivation; or an indication of a threshold quality for beams to be used to estimate cell quality.

In some examples, cell quality may comprise one of more of: a reference signal received power, RSRP, a reference signal received quality RSRQ and/or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, SINR.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a base station for instructing a wireless device how to perform cell measurements. The method comprises transmitting at least one of a system information broadcast or a wireless device control message, at least one of the system information broadcast or the wireless device control message comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter.

In some examples, the wireless device control message may instruct the wireless device to transition from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operation or from a second mode of operation to another mode of operation, which may be the first mode of operation, the second mode of operation or a different mode of operation.

In some examples, the first mode of operation may comprise a Radio Resource Control connected mode of operation and the second mode of operation may comprise an RRC idle or an RRC inactive mode of operation.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a wireless device for performing a cell measurement. The wireless device comprises processing circuitry configured to receive a first control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operation, receive broadcast system information, and, responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to a default procedure. The wireless device further comprises and power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the wireless device.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a base station for instructing a wireless device how to perform cell measurements. The base station comprises processing circuitry configured to transmit at least one of a system information broadcast or a wireless device control message, at least one of the system information broadcast or the wireless device control message comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter. The base station further comprises power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the base station.

By applying a mechanism according to one of more aspects or examples of the present disclosure, and resolving one or more of the above discussed ambiguities, measurement reports transmitted by the UE to the network can be properly interpreted as the network would be aware which parameters the UE had used for performing CQD.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the present invention, and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the following drawings, in which:

Figure 1 illustrates a measurement model;

Figure 2 illustrates a wireless network in accordance with some embodiments;

Figure 3 illustrates a User Equipment in accordance with some embodiments;

Figure 4 illustrates a virtualization environment in accordance with some embodiments;

Figure 5 illustrates a telecommunication network connected via an intermediate network to a host computer in accordance with some embodiments; Figure 6 illustrates a host computer communicating via a base station with a user equipment over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments;

Figures 7 to 10 illustrate methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments;

Figure 11 illustrates a method in accordance with some embodiments;

Figure 12 illustrates a virtualization apparatus in accordance with some embodiments;

Figure 13 illustrates a method in accordance with some embodiments; and

Figure 14 illustrates a virtualization apparatus in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other embodiments, however, are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein, the disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide a method executed by a UE transitioning to or from RRC_CONNECTED. Examples of the method are set out below:

Actions for UEs entering RRC IDLE from RRC CONNECTED

- Upon entering RRCJDLE (e.g. receive RRCRelease message) the UE acquires system information (e.g. SIB2 and SIB4) and discards CQD parameters obtained in RRC_CONNECTED;

If system information does not contain CQD parameters per frequency, the UE shall perform cell quality in RRCJDLE (i.e. cell level RSRP, RSRQ and/or SINR and/or any other measurement quantity that could be defined) by considering the best beam according to each measurement quantity (i.e. cell level RSRP, RSRQ and/or SINR and/or any other measurement quantity that could be defined), that is valid for intra-frequency measurements and inter frequency measurements;

Else, if system information contains CQD parameters per frequency, the UE shall perform cell quality derivation in RRCJDLE according to these parameters (i.e. cell level RSRP, RSRQ and/or SINR), for example, by averaging the best beam with other beams above the consolidation threshold defined for each measurement quantity absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation, where up to nrofSS-BlocksTo Average are averaged;

- If the UE performs cell reselection, the UE shall re-acquire system information and new CQD parameters. Then, perform CQD according to the newly acquired parameters if available, or using the default rule based on best beam, if CQD parameters are not broadcasted for the frequencies the UE shall measure.

Actions for UEs entering RRC CONNECTED from RRC IDLE

If the UE camping on a cell in RRCJDLE triggers a transition to RRC_CONNECTED, it sends an RRCRequest and, upon receiving an RRCSetup the UE perform the following actions:

o If the RRCSetup does not contain a measConfig with CQD parameters or it contains a measConfig without CQD parameters in the configured measurement objects:

^■ In one example, the UE follows the default rule defined in RRC_CONNETED, for example, use the best beam for each measurement quantity as the cell quality per carrier it needs to measure.

^■ In another example, the UE follows the CQD parameters acquired in system information also when it enters RRC_CONNECTED.

■ In yet another example, a flag indicates whether the UE shall follow the CQD parameters acquired in system information also when it enters RRC CONNECTED or whether the UE shall follow the default rule for CQD i.e. use the best beam for each measurement quantity as the cell quality per carrier it needs to measure. There can be an implicit flag (e.g. absence of a parameter) or an explicit configuration.

■ The measConfig may contain indication(s) to flush these parameters obtained in RRCJDLE. That may be for all CQD parameters, only for a subset of CQD parameters or per carrier / measObject.

o If the RRCSetup contains a measConfig with CQD parameters in the configured measurement objects:

^■ In one example, the UE overrides the CQD parameters obtained in RRCJDLE and starts to use the parameters in the measConfig message; In other words, the UE deletes stored CQD parameters obtained via system information;

■ In another example, the UE applies a delta signalling to the

CQD parameters obtained in RRCJDLE to the parameters provided in the measConfig. For example, the network may want to configure more carriers for that UE entering RRC_CONNECTED compared to what was indicated in system information. Hence, if the UE is configured with measurement objects configured previously the UE may keep using same CQD parameters.

Actions for UEs entering RRC INACTIVE from RRC CONNECTED

- Upon entering RRCJNACTIVE (e.g. receive RRCRelease or RRCSuspend message) the UE acquires system information (e.g. SIB2 and SIB4);

If system information does not contain CQD parameters per frequency, there can be different solutions on how the UE shall perform cell quality in RRCJNACTIVE (i.e. cell level RSRP, RSRQ and/or SINR and/or any other measurement quantity that could be defined) by considering the best beam according to each measurement quantity; Else, if system information contains CQD parameters per frequency, there can be different solutions on how the UE handles stored parameters (if stored) and newly acquired parameters (if acquired).

o In one example, the UE shall perform cell quality derivation in RRCJN ACTIVE according to these parameters obtained in system information (i.e. cell level RSRP, RSRQ and/or SINR) e.g. by averaging according to threshold and maximum number of beams;

^■ In other words, the UE does not use in RRCJN ACTIVE the CQD parameters it has obtained in RRC_CONNECTED however, the UE may not delete these parameters, so that these could be used once more when the UE enters RRC_CONNECTED in case of resuming measurements and re-using stored CQD parameters;

o In another example, the UE shall perform cell quality derivation in RRCJN ACTIVE according to these parameters obtained in system information (i.e. cell level RSRP, RSRQ and/or SINR) e.g. by averaging according to threshold and maximum number of beams at least for the frequencies whose CQD parameters have not been provided in RRC_CONNECTED; That could work as some kind of delta signalling i.e. the UE is able to perform measurements for frequencies whose associated measurement objects have been provided in RRC_CONNNECTED but whose CQD parameters are not broadcasted in system information;

o In another example, there can be an indication from the network indicating the UE what shall be done with stored CQD parameters in case CQD parameters are also broadcasted;

If the UE performs cell reselection, the UE shall re-acquire system information and new CQD parameters. Then, perform CQD according to the newly acquired parameters and according to any of the rules defined above.

Actions for UEs entering RRC CONNECTED from RRC INACTIVE If the UE camping on a cell in RRCJNACTIVE triggers a transition to RRC_CONNECTED, it sends an RRCResumeRequest and, upon receiving an RRCResume (or RRCSetup) the UE perform the following actions:

o If the RRCResume or RRCSetup does not contain a measConfig or it contains a measConfig without CQD parameters in the configured measurement objects:

^■ In another example, the UE follows the CQD parameters acquired in system information also when it enters RRC_CONNECTED i.e. the default CQD parameters become the one obtained in system information, if these were broadcasted; If these CQD parameters were not broadcasted, the UE uses the default rule of performing CQD by considering the quality of the best beam, for each measurement quantity that shall be measured e.g. RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.

o If the RRCResume or RRCSetup contains a measConfig with CQD parameters in the configured measurement objects:

^■ In one example, the UE overrides the CQD parameters obtained in RRCJN ACTIVE and starts to use the parameters in the measConfig message;

^■ In another example, the UE applies a delta signalling to the CQD parameters obtained in RRCJN ACTIVE to the parameters provided in the measConfig. For example, the network may want to configure more carriers for that UE entering RRC_CONNECTED compared to what was indicated in system information. Hence, if the UE is configured with measObjects configured previously the UE may keep using same CQD parameters. ^■ In another example, the UE applies a delta signalling to the CQD parameters obtained when the UE was transition from RRC CONNECTED to RRC INACTIVE.

The above example methods describe UE behavior for the transitions to

RRC_CONNECTED from RRCJDLE or RRCJNACTIVE. However, in NR, the UE may send an RRC Resume Request and receives as response an RRCRelease or an RRCSuspend.

In other words, the RRCJNACTIVE UE may:

- Be transitioned by the network to RRCJNACTIVE when coming from

RRCJNACTIVE without entering RRC_CONNECTED with an RRC suspend message (or equivalent);

Be transitioned by the network to RRCJDLE when coming from RRCJNACTIVE without entering RRC_CONNECTED with an RRC Release message (or equivalent);

Be transitioned back by the network to RRCJNACTIVE when coming from RRCJN ACTIVE without entering RRC_CONNECTED with an RRC Reject message (or equivalent) with a wait timer;

In the first case set out above, the UE acts in RRCJNACTIVE as described above i.e. using a default rule (best beam) or according to CQD parameters obtained in system information acquisition. Then, upon trying to resume again and receiving a suspend message, without any CQD parameters, the UE keeps following the default rule of best beam.

In the second or third cases set out above, the UE acts in RRCJNACTIVE as described above i.e. using a default rule (best beam) or according to CQD parameters obtained in system information acquisition. Then, upon trying to resume again and receiving a Reject or Suspend message, without any CQD parameters, the UE keeps following the default rule of best beam too. In an alternative solution, stored CQD parameters may keep being stored in subsequent Suspend messages or Reject messages. The above example methods describe the UE behavior for the usage of CQD parameters, upon entering RRCJDLE, RRCJNACTIVE or RRC_CONNECTED. However, other parameters used for measurements in general could be considered e.g. SMTC window, SSB details e.g. which SSBs to measure per frequency, or any other parameter inside the measObjectNR that is used in RRC_CONNECTED but could also be used in RRC IDLE or RRC INACTIVE.

First example implementation of aspects of the present disclosure in the RRC specifications

When entering RRCJNACTIVE (e.g. by receiving an RRC Release with suspend indication or an RRC suspend message), to perform CQD in RRCJNACTIVE the UE applies the following rule:

if CQD parameters are broadcasted in system information, the UE performs CQD accordingly (i.e. by performing an average of best beam and other beams above a threshold, up to a maximum number of configured beams);

Else, if CQD parameters are NOT broadcasted in system information, the UE performs CQD assuming the cell quality for each measurement quantity is the one of the best beam, for the same measurement quantity; In other words, even if CQD parameters are not broadcasted, the UE uses the same;

Upon entering RRC_CONNECTED from RRCJNACTIVE, the UE stops using the CQD parameters obtained in system information and acts according to the resume procedure, possibly using stored measConfig (which may include CQD parameters). Upon entering RRC_CONNECTED the UE could discard CQD parameters obtained in system information;

When entering RRCJDLE (e.g. by receiving an RRC Release message) the UE stops its measurements in RRC_CONNECTED and deletes its measurement configuration, including CQD parameters. Then, upon entering RRCJDLE, to perform CQD in RRCJDLE the UE applies the following rule:

- if CQD parameters are broadcasted in system information, the UE performs

CQD accordingly (i.e. by performing an average of best beam and other beams above a threshold, up to a maximum number of configured beams); Else, if CQD parameters are NOT broadcasted in system information, the UE performs CQD assuming the cell quality for each measurement quantity is the one of the best beam, for the same measurement quantity; In other words, even if CQD parameters are not broadcasted, the UE uses the same

Upon entering RRC_CONNECTED from RRCJDLE the UE discards the CQD parameters obtained in system information. If UE is provided with a measurement configuration not containing CQD parameters, UE considers the best beam quality as the cell quality.

Alternative procedure:

Upon entering RRC_CONNECTED from RRCJDLE, the UE keeps using the CQD parameters obtained in system information if measurement configuration is not provided in RRC connection establishment procedure i.e. for UEs coming from RRCJDLE the parameters from system information are considered as default (similar to RLF configuration). If measurement configuration is provided during connection establishment, the UE deletes its CQD parameters obtained in system information and performs CQD according to the configuration provided when entering RRC_CONNECTED i.e. there is not delta signalling.

Modifications to 38.331

5.3.11 UE actions upon going to RRCJDLE

Upon leaving RRC_CONNECTED, the UE shall:

1 > reset MAC;

1 > stop all timers that are running except T320;

1 > release all radio resources, including release of the RLC entity, the MAC configuration and the associated PDCP entity for all established RBs;

1 > indicate the release of the RRC connection to upper layers together with the release cause; 1 > deletes measurement configuration, including cell quality derivation parameters;

1 > enter RRCJDLE and perform procedures as specified in TS 38.304 [21], except if leaving RRC_CONNECTED was triggered by reception of the MobilityFromNRCommand message or by selecting an inter-RAT cell while T311 was running;

NOTE: Upon entering RRC IDLE the UE acquires cell quality derivation parameters in system information and perform cell quality derivation accordingly, if broadcasted. If cell quality derivation parameters are not broadcasted in system information. UE considers the quality of best beam as the cell quality.

5.3.3.4 Reception of the RRCSetup by the UE

The UE shall perform the following actions upon reception of the RRCSetup·.

1 > if the RRCSetup is received in response to an RRCResumeRequest 2> discard the stored UE AS context and l-RNTI;

2> indicate to upper layers that the RRC connection resume has been fall backed;

1 > perform the cell group configuration procedure in accordance with the received masterCellGroup and as specified in 5.3.5.5;

1 > perform the radio bearer configuration procedure in accordance with the received radioBearerConfig and as specified in 5.3.5.6;

> if stored, discard the cell reselection priority information provided by the idleModeMobilityControllnfo or inherited from another RAT \ 1> if stored, discard the cell quality derivation parameters acquired in system information;

Editor’s Note: FFS Confirm that idleModeMobilityControllnfo can also be applied for UEs entering RRCJNACTIVE. And if so, consider changing the name of the IE.

1 > stop timer T300 or T300X if running;

Editor’s Note: FFS Whether there is a need to define UE actions related to access control timers (equivalent to T302, T303, T305, T306, T308 in LTE). For example, informing upper layers if a given timer is not running. 1 > stop timer T320, if running;

1 > enter RRC_CONNECTED;

1 > stop the cell re-selection procedure;

1 > consider the current cell to be the PCell;

1 > set the content of RRCSetupComplete message as follows:

2> if the RRCConnection Setup is received in response to an RRCResumeRequest

3> if upper layers provide an 5G-S-TMSI:

4> set the ng-5G-S-TMSI to the value received from upper layers;

2> set the selectedPLMN-ldentity to the PLMN selected by upper layers (TS

24.501 [23]) from the PLMN(s) included in the plmn-ldentityList in

System! nformationBlockType 1;

2> if upper layers provide the 'Registered AMF':

3> include and set the registeredAMF as follows:

4> if the PLMN identity of the 'Registered AMF' is different from the PLMN selected by the upper layers:

5> include the plmnldentity in the registeredAMF and set it to the value of the PLMN identity in the 'Registered AMF' received from upper layers;

4> set the amf-Region, amf-Setld, amf-Pointer to the value received from upper layers;

3> include and set the guami-Type to the value provided by the upper layers;

Editor’s Note: FFS Confirm whether the guami-Type is included and set in the abovementioned condition.

2> if upper layers provide one or more S-NSSAI (see TS 23.003 [20]):

3> include the s-nssai-list and set the content to the values provided by the upper layers;

2> set the dedicated! nfoN AS to include the information received from upper layers; 2> submit the RRCSetupComplete message to lower layers for transmission, upon which the procedure ends;

NOTE: Upon entering RRC CONNECTED from RRC IDLE the UE discards stored cell quality derivation parameters acquired in system information and, if cell quality derivation parameters are provided in subsequent measConfig the UE shall use the default rule as defined in 5.5.3.3 (i.e. use best beam if no cell quality parameters are provided in RRC CONNECTED).

5.3.14.3 Reception of the RRCSuspend by the UE

Editor’s Note: FFS Whether we will instead use RRCRelease (e.g. with suspend indicator).

The UE shall:

1 > delay the following actions defined in this sub-clause X ms from the moment the RRCSuspend message was received or optionally when lower layers indicate that the receipt of the RRCSuspend message has been successfully acknowledged, whichever is earlier;

Editor’s Note: How to set the value of X (whether it is configurable, or fixed to 60ms as in LTE, etc.).

1 > if the RRCSuspend message includes the idleModeMobilityControllnfo·.

2> store the cell reselection priority information provided by the idleModeMobilityControllnfo·,

2> if the t320 is included:

3> start timer T320, with the timer value set according to the value of t320\

1 > else:

2> apply the cell reselection priority information broadcast in the system information;

1 > store the following information provided by the network: resumeldentity, nextHopChainingCount, ran-PagingCycle and ran-NotificationArealnfo; 1 > re-establish RLC entities for all SRBs and DRBs;

1 > except if the RRCSuspend message was received in response to an RRCResumeRequest

2> store the UE AS Context including the current RRC configuration (including measConfia), the current security context, the PDCP state including ROHC state, C- RNTI used in the source PCell, the cellldentity and the physical cell identity of the source PCell;

1 > suspend all SRB(s) and DRB(s), except SRBO;

1> suspend measurements performed according to measConfia;

1 > start timer T380, with the timer value set to periodic-RNAU-timer,

1 > indicate the suspension of the RRC connection to upper layers;

1 > configure lower layers to suspend integrity protection and ciphering;

1 > enter RRCJNACTIVE and perform procedures as specified in TS 38.304

[21]

NOTE: Upon entering RRC INACTIVE the UE acquires cell quality derivation parameters in system information and perform cell quality derivation accordingly, if broadcasted. If cell quality derivation parameters are not broadcasted in system information, UE considers the quality of best beam as the cell quality.

^

5.3.13.4 Reception of the RRCResume by the UE

The UE shall:

1 > stop timer T300X;

1 > restore the PDCP state, reset COUNT value and re-establish PDCP entities for SRB2 and all DRBs;

1 > if drb-ContinueROHC is included:

2> indicate to lower layers that stored UE AS context is used and that drb- ContinueROHC is configured;

2> continue the header compression protocol context for the DRBs configured with the header compression protocol; 1 > else:

2> indicate to lower layers that stored UE AS context is used;

2> reset the header compression protocol context for the DRBs configured with the header compression protocol;

1 > discard the stored UE AS context and l-RNTI;

1> if stored, discard the cell quality derivation parameters acquired in system information;

1 > if the RRCResume includes the masterCellGroup·.

2> perform the cell group configuration for the received masterCellGroup according to 5.3.5.5;

Editor’s Note: FFS Whether it is supported to configure secondaryCellGroup at Resume.

1 > if the RRCResume includes the radioBearerConfig is included:

2> perform the radio bearer configuration according to 5.3.5.6;

Editor’s Note: FFS Whether there needs to be a second radioBearerConfig.

1 > resume SRB2 and all DRBs;

1 > if stored, discard the cell reselection priority information provided by the idleModeMobilityControllnfo or inherited from another RAT;

1 > if the RRCResume message includes the measConfig·.

2> perform the measurement configuration procedure as specified in 5.5.2;

1 > resume measurements if suspended;

Editor’s Note: FFS Whether there is a need to define UE actions related to access control timers (equivalent to T302, T303, T305, T306, T308 in LTE). For example, informing upper layers if a given timer is not running.

1 > enter RRC_CONNECTED;

1 > indicate to upper layers that the suspended RRC connection has been resumed;

Editor’s Note: FFS NAS-AS interactions for RRC INACTIVE.

1 > stop the cell re-selection procedure; 1 > consider the current cell to be the PCell;

1 > set the content of the of RRCResumeComplete message as follows:

2> if the upper layer provides NAS PDU include and set the the dedicated Info NAS to include the information received from upper layers;

1 > submit the RRCResumeComplete message to lower layers for transmission;

1 > the procedure ends.

NOTE: Upon entering RRC CONNECTED from RRC IDLE the UE discards stored cell Quality derivation parameters acquired in system information and, if cell quality derivation parameters are provided in subsequent measConfig the UE shall use the default rule as defined in 5.5.3.3 (i.e. use best beam if no cell quality parameters are provided in RRC CONNECTED).. . .

5.5.3.3 Derivation of cell measurement results

The network may configure the UE to derive RSRP, RSRQ and SI NR measurement results per cell associated to NR carrier frequencies based on parameters configured in the measObject or a default configuration (e.g. maximum number of beams to be averaged and beam consolidation thresholds) and in the reportConfig ( rsType to be measured, SS/PBCH block or CSI-RS).

The UE shall:

1 > for each cell measurement quantity to be derived based on SS/PBCH block:

2> if nrofSS-BlocksTo Average in the associated measObject is not configured; or

2> if absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation in the associated measObject is not configured; or

2> if the highest beam measurement quantity value is below absThreshSS- BlocksConsolidatiorr.

3> derive each cell measurement quantity based on SS/PBCH block as the highest beam measurement quantity value, where each beam measurement quantity is described in TS 38.215 [9];

2> else: 3> derive each cell measurement quantity based on SS/PBCH block as the linear average of the power values of the highest beam measurement quantity values above absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation where the total number of averaged beams shall not exceed nrofSS-BlocksToAveraoe;

2> apply layer 3 cell filtering as described in 5.5.3.2;

1 > for each cell measurement quantity to be derived based on CSI-RS:

2> consider a CSI-RS resource on the associated frequency to be applicable for deriving cell measurements when the concerned CSI-RS resource is included in the csi-rs-ResourceConfigMobility with the corresponding physCellld and CSI-RS- CellMobility in the associated measObject,

2> if nrofCSI-RS-ResourcesToAverage in the associated measObject is not configured; or

2> if absThreshCSI-RS-Consolidation in the associated measObject is not configured; or

2> if the highest beam measurement quantity value is below absThreshCSI-

RS-Consolidation·.

3> derive each cell measurement quantity based on CSI-RS as the highest beam measurement quantity value, where each beam measurement quantity is described in TS 38.215 [9];

2> else:

3> derive each cell measurement quantity based on CSI-RS as the linear average of the power values of the highest beam measurement quantity values above absThreshCSI-RS-Consolidation where the total number of averaged beams shall not exceed nroCSI-RS-ResourcesToAverage ;

2> apply layer 3 cell filtering as described in 5.5.3.2.

_{***************** ****************** *************** ***********************}

_{***************** ******************}

Second example implementation of aspects of the present disclosure in the RRC specifications This variant mainly considers a difference in the manner in which the procedure from RRCJDLE to RRC_CONNECTED is handled.

if CQD parameters are broadcasted in system information, the UE stores these parameters, performs CQD accordingly (i.e. by performing an average of best beam and other beams above a threshold, up to a maximum number of configured beams);

Else, if CQD parameters are NOT broadcasted in system information, the UE performs CQD assuming the cell quality for each measurement quantity is the one of the best beam, for the same measurement quantity; In other words, even if CQD parameters are not broadcasted, the UE uses the same

Upon entering RRC_CONNECTED from RRCJDLE, the UE keeps using the stored CQD parameters obtained in system information if measurement configuration is not provided in RRC connection establishment procedure i.e. for UEs coming from RRCJDLE the parameters from system information are considered as default (similar to RLF configuration). If measurement configuration is provided during connection establishment, the UE deletes its CQD parameters obtained in system information and performs CQD according to the configuration provided when entering RRC_CONNECTED i.e. there is not delta signalling.

_{***************************************************************************************}

_{*************************}

5.3.3.4 Reception of the RRCSetup by the UE

The UE shall perform the following actions upon reception of the RRCSetup·. 1 > if the RRCSetup is received in response to an RRCResumeRequest 2> discard the stored UE AS context and l-RNTI; 2> indicate to upper layers that the RRC connection resume has been fall backed;

1 > if stored, discard the cell reselection priority information provided by the idleModeMobilityControllnfo or inherited from another RAT; Editor’s Note: FFS Confirm that idleModeMobilityControllnfo can also be applied for UEs entering RRCJNACTIVE. And if so, consider changing the name of the IE.

1 > stop timer T300 or T300X if running;

1 > stop timer T320, if running;

1 > enter RRC_CONNECTED;

1 > stop the cell re-selection procedure;

1 > consider the current cell to be the PCell;

1> if stored, keep using cell quality derivation parameters acquired in system information;

1 > set the content of RRCSetupComplete message as follows:

2> if the RRCConnection Setup is received in response to an RRCResumeRequest

3> if upper layers provide an 5G-S-TMSI:

4> set the ng-5G-S-TMSI to the value received from upper layers;

2> set the selectedPLMN-ldentity to the PLMN selected by upper layers (TS 24.501 [23]) from the PLMN(s) included in the plmn-ldentityList in

SystemlnformationBlockType 1;

2> if upper layers provide the 'Registered AMF':

3> include and set the registeredAMF as follows: 4> if the PLMN identity of the 'Registered AMF' is different from the PLMN selected by the upper layers:

3> include and set the guami-Type to the value provided by the upper layers;

2> if upper layers provide one or more S-NSSAI (see TS 23.003 [20]):

2> set the dedicated! nfoN AS to include the information received from upper layers;

2> submit the RRCSetupComplete message to lower layers for transmission, upon which the procedure ends;

NOTE: Upon entering RRC CONNECTED from RRC IDLE the UE keep using stored cell Quality derivation parameters acquired in system information. If cell Quality derivation parameters are provided in subsequent measConfiq the UE shall delete these parameters (i.e. override them) and perform cell quality derivation as defined in 5.5.3.3.

Implementation of the invention in the Idle/lnactive specifications

The idle mode/inactive state specifications do not yet contain the cell quality derivation related procedural text. However, the following text is expected to be agreed in 38.304 specification.

Aspects of the present disclosure may clarify the procedural text in 38.304.

Figure 2 illustrates a wireless network in accordance with some embodiments.

Although the subject matter described herein may be implemented in any appropriate type of system using any suitable components, the embodiments disclosed herein are described in relation to a wireless network, such as the example wireless network illustrated in Figure 22. For simplicity, the wireless network of Figure 2 only depicts network 206, network nodes 260 and 260b, and WDs 210, 210b, and 210c. In practice, a wireless network may further include any additional elements suitable to support communication between wireless devices or between a wireless device and another communication device, such as a landline telephone, a service provider, or any other network node or end device. Of the illustrated components, network node 260 and wireless device (WD) 210 are depicted with additional detail. The wireless network may provide communication and other types of services to one or more wireless devices to facilitate the wireless devices’ access to and/or use of the services provided by, or via, the wireless network. In some examples, the WDs 210, 210b, and 210c may operate similarly to the wireless device or UE described previously and set out in the embodiments below. In some examples, the network nodes 260 and 260b may operate similarly to the base station described previously and set out in the embodiments below.

The wireless network may comprise and/or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, and/or radio network or other similar type of system. In some embodiments, the wireless network may be configured to operate according to specific standards or other types of predefined rules or procedures. Thus, particular embodiments of the wireless network may implement communication standards, such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G standards; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the IEEE 802.1 1 standards; and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave and/or ZigBee standards.

Network 206 may comprise one or more backhaul networks, core networks, IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs), packet data networks, optical networks, wide-area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wired networks, wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks to enable communication between devices.

Network node 260 and WD 210 comprise various components described in more detail below. These components work together in order to provide network node and/or wireless device functionality, such as providing wireless connections in a wireless network. In different embodiments, the wireless network may comprise any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices, relay stations, and/or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections.

As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a wireless device and/or with other network nodes or equipment in the wireless network to enable and/or provide wireless access to the wireless device and/or to perform other functions (e.g., administration) in the wireless network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs)). Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and may then also be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and/or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS). Yet further examples of network nodes include multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities (MCEs), core network nodes (e.g., MSCs, MMEs), O&M nodes, OSS nodes, SON nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., E-SMLCs), and/or MDTs. As another example, a network node may be a virtual network node as described in more detail below. More generally, however, network nodes may represent any suitable device (or group of devices) capable, configured, arranged, and/or operable to enable and/or provide a wireless device with access to the wireless network or to provide some service to a wireless device that has accessed the wireless network.

In Figure 2, network node 260 includes processing circuitry 270, device readable medium 280, interface 290, auxiliary equipment 284, power source 286, power circuitry 287, and antenna 262. Although network node 260 illustrated in the example wireless network of Figure 2 may represent a device that includes the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise network nodes with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that a network node comprises any suitable combination of hardware and/or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Moreover, while the components of network node 260 are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, a network node may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component (e.g., device readable medium 280 may comprise multiple separate hard drives as well as multiple RAM modules).

Similarly, network node 260 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which network node 260 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeB’s. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, network node 260 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate device readable medium 280 for the different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., the same antenna 262 may be shared by the RATs). Network node 260 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 260, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 260.

Processing circuitry 270 is configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being provided by a network node. These operations performed by processing circuitry 270 may include processing information obtained by processing circuitry 270 by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.

Processing circuitry 270 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 260 components, such as device readable medium 280, network node 260 functionality. For example, processing circuitry 270 may execute instructions stored in device readable medium 280 or in memory within processing circuitry 270. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features, functions, or benefits discussed herein. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 270 may include a system on a chip (SOC).

In some embodiments, processing circuitry 270 may include one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 272 and baseband processing circuitry 274. In some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 272 and baseband processing circuitry 274 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 272 and baseband processing circuitry 274 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units

In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being provided by a network node, base station, eNB or other such network device may be performed by processing circuitry 270 executing instructions stored on device readable medium 280 or memory within processing circuitry 270. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by processing circuitry 270 without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storage medium or not, processing circuitry 270 can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry 270 alone or to other components of network node 260, but are enjoyed by network node 260 as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally.

Device readable medium 280 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid- state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non- transitory device readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by processing circuitry 270. Device readable medium 280 may store any suitable instructions, data or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry 270 and, utilized by network node 260. Device readable medium 280 may be used to store any calculations made by processing circuitry 270 and/or any data received via interface 290. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 270 and device readable medium 280 may be considered to be integrated.

Interface 290 is used in the wired or wireless communication of signalling and/or data between network node 260, network 206, and/or WDs 210. As illustrated, interface 290 comprises port(s)/terminal(s) 294 to send and receive data, for example to and from network 206 over a wired connection. Interface 290 also includes radio front end circuitry 292 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, antenna 262. Radio front end circuitry 292 comprises filters 298 and amplifiers 296. Radio front end circuitry 292 may be connected to antenna 262 and processing circuitry 270. Radio front end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 262 and processing circuitry 270. Radio front end circuitry 292 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry 292 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 298 and/or amplifiers 296. The radio signal may then be transmitted via antenna 262. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 262 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry 292. The digital data may be passed to processing circuitry 270. In other embodiments, the interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.

In certain alternative embodiments, network node 260 may not include separate radio front end circuitry 292, instead, processing circuitry 270 may comprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected to antenna 262 without separate radio front end circuitry 292. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of RF transceiver circuitry 272 may be considered a part of interface 290. In still other embodiments, interface 290 may include one or more ports or terminals 294, radio front end circuitry 292, and RF transceiver circuitry 272, as part of a radio unit (not shown), and interface 290 may communicate with baseband processing circuitry 274, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).

Antenna 262 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals. Antenna 262 may be coupled to radio front end circuitry 290 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly. In some embodiments, antenna 262 may comprise one or more omni-directional, sector or panel antennas operable to transmit/receive radio signals between, for example, 2 GHz and 66 GHz. An omni directional antenna may be used to transmit/receive radio signals in any direction, a sector antenna may be used to transmit/receive radio signals from devices within a particular area, and a panel antenna may be a line of sight antenna used to transmit/receive radio signals in a relatively straight line. In some instances, the use of more than one antenna may be referred to as Ml MO. In certain embodiments, antenna 262 may be separate from network node 260 and may be connectable to network node 260 through an interface or port.

Antenna 262, interface 290, and/or processing circuitry 270 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly, antenna 262, interface 290, and/or processing circuitry 270 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment.

Power circuitry 287 may comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry and is configured to supply the components of network node 260 with power for performing the functionality described herein. Power circuitry 287 may receive power from power source 286. Power source 286 and/or power circuitry 287 may be configured to provide power to the various components of network node 260 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component). Power source 286 may either be included in, or external to, power circuitry 287 and/or network node 260. For example, network node 260 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry 287. As a further example, power source 286 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry 287. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail. Other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic devices, may also be used. Alternative embodiments of network node 260 may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 2 that may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and/or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, network node 260 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into network node 260 and to allow output of information from network node 260. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for network node 260.

As used herein, wireless device (WD) refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and/or other wireless devices. Unless otherwise noted, the term WD may be used interchangeably herein with user equipment (UE). Communicating wirelessly may involve transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying information through air. In some embodiments, a WD may be configured to transmit and/or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a WD may be designed to transmit information to a network on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the network. Examples of a WD include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, a mobile phone, a cell phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless cameras, a gaming console or device, a music storage device, a playback appliance, a wearable terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, a tablet, a laptop, a laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), a laptop-mounted equipment (LME), a smart device, a wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, etc.. A WD may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to- infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and may in this case be referred to as a D2D communication device. As yet another specific example, in an Internet of Things (loT) scenario, a WD may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another WD and/or a network node. The WD may in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the WD may be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internet of things (NB-loT) standard. Particular examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances (e.g. refrigerators, televisions, etc.) personal wearables (e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc.). In other scenarios, a WD may represent a vehicle or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation. A WD as described above may represent the endpoint of a wireless connection, in which case the device may be referred to as a wireless terminal. Furthermore, a WD as described above may be mobile, in which case it may also be referred to as a mobile device or a mobile terminal.

As illustrated, wireless device 210 includes antenna 21 1 , interface 214, processing circuitry 220, device readable medium 230, user interface equipment 232, auxiliary equipment 234, power source 236 and power circuitry 237. WD 210 may include multiple sets of one or more of the illustrated components for different wireless technologies supported by WD 210, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, WiMAX, or Bluetooth wireless technologies, just to mention a few. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chips or set of chips as other components within WD 210.

Antenna 211 may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals, and is connected to interface 214. In certain alternative embodiments, antenna 21 1 may be separate from WD 210 and be connectable to WD 210 through an interface or port. Antenna 21 1 , interface 214, and/or processing circuitry 220 may be configured to perform any receiving or transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a WD. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a network node and/or another WD. In some embodiments, radio front end circuitry and/or antenna 21 1 may be considered an interface.

As illustrated, interface 214 comprises radio front end circuitry 212 and antenna 21 1. Radio front end circuitry 212 comprise one or more filters 218 and amplifiers 216. Radio front end circuitry 214 is connected to antenna 211 and processing circuitry 220, and is configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 211 and processing circuitry 220. Radio front end circuitry 212 may be coupled to or a part of antenna 21 1. In some embodiments, WD 210 may not include separate radio front end circuitry 212; rather, processing circuitry 220 may comprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected to antenna 21 1. Similarly, in some embodiments, some or all of RF transceiver circuitry 222 may be considered a part of interface 214. Radio front end circuitry 212 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry 212 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 218 and/or amplifiers 216. The radio signal may then be transmitted via antenna 21 1. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 21 1 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry 212. The digital data may be passed to processing circuitry 220. In other embodiments, the interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.

Processing circuitry 220 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software, and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other WD 210 components, such as device readable medium 230, WD 210 functionality. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features or benefits discussed herein. For example, processing circuitry 220 may execute instructions stored in device readable medium 230 or in memory within processing circuitry 220 to provide the functionality disclosed herein.

As illustrated, processing circuitry 220 includes one or more of RF transceiver circuitry 222, baseband processing circuitry 224, and application processing circuitry 226. In other embodiments, the processing circuitry may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components. In certain embodiments processing circuitry 220 of WD 210 may comprise a SOC. In some embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry 222, baseband processing circuitry 224, and application processing circuitry 226 may be on separate chips or sets of chips. In alternative embodiments, part or all of baseband processing circuitry 224 and application processing circuitry 226 may be combined into one chip or set of chips, and RF transceiver circuitry 222 may be on a separate chip or set of chips. In still alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 222 and baseband processing circuitry 224 may be on the same chip or set of chips, and application processing circuitry 226 may be on a separate chip or set of chips. In yet other alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 222, baseband processing circuitry 224, and application processing circuitry 226 may be combined in the same chip or set of chips. In some embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry 222 may be a part of interface 214. RF transceiver circuitry 222 may condition RF signals for processing circuitry 220.

In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being performed by a WD may be provided by processing circuitry 220 executing instructions stored on device readable medium 230, which in certain embodiments may be a computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by processing circuitry 220 without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storage medium or not, processing circuitry 220 can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry 220 alone or to other components of WD 210, but are enjoyed by WD 210 as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally.

Processing circuitry 220 may be configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being performed by a WD. These operations, as performed by processing circuitry 220, may include processing information obtained by processing circuitry 220 by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored by WD 210, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.

Device readable medium 230 may be operable to store a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry 220. Device readable medium 230 may include computer memory (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., a hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/or computer executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by processing circuitry 220. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 220 and device readable medium 230 may be considered to be integrated. User interface equipment 232 may provide components that allow for a human user to interact with WD 210. Such interaction may be of many forms, such as visual, audial, tactile, etc. User interface equipment 232 may be operable to produce output to the user and to allow the user to provide input to WD 210. The type of interaction may vary depending on the type of user interface equipment 232 installed in WD 210. For example, if WD 210 is a smart phone, the interaction may be via a touch screen; if WD 210 is a smart meter, the interaction may be through a screen that provides usage (e.g., the number of gallons used) or a speaker that provides an audible alert (e.g., if smoke is detected). User interface equipment 232 may include input interfaces, devices and circuits, and output interfaces, devices and circuits. User interface equipment 232 is configured to allow input of information into WD 210, and is connected to processing circuitry 220 to allow processing circuitry 220 to process the input information. User interface equipment 232 may include, for example, a microphone, a proximity or other sensor, keys/buttons, a touch display, one or more cameras, a USB port, or other input circuitry. User interface equipment 232 is also configured to allow output of information from WD 210, and to allow processing circuitry 220 to output information from WD 210. User interface equipment 232 may include, for example, a speaker, a display, vibrating circuitry, a USB port, a headphone interface, or other output circuitry. Using one or more input and output interfaces, devices, and circuits, of user interface equipment 232, WD 210 may communicate with end users and/or the wireless network, and allow them to benefit from the functionality described herein.

Auxiliary equipment 234 is operable to provide more specific functionality which may not be generally performed by WDs. This may comprise specialized sensors for doing measurements for various purposes, interfaces for additional types of communication such as wired communications etc. The inclusion and type of components of auxiliary equipment 234 may vary depending on the embodiment and/or scenario.

Power source 236 may, in some embodiments, be in the form of a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic devices or power cells, may also be used. WD 210 may further comprise power circuitry 237 for delivering power from power source 236 to the various parts of WD 210 which need power from power source 236 to carry out any functionality described or indicated herein. Power circuitry 237 may in certain embodiments comprise power management circuitry. Power circuitry 237 may additionally or alternatively be operable to receive power from an external power source; in which case WD 210 may be connectable to the external power source (such as an electricity outlet) via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Power circuitry 237 may also in certain embodiments be operable to deliver power from an external power source to power source 236. This may be, for example, for the charging of power source 236. Power circuitry 237 may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from power source 236 to make the power suitable for the respective components of WD 210 to which power is supplied.

Figure 3 illustrates a User Equipment in accordance with some embodiments.

Figure 3 illustrates one embodiment of a UE in accordance with various aspects described herein. As used herein, a user equipment or UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and/or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter). UE 3200 may be any UE identified by the 3^rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a NB-loT UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and/or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE. UE 300, as illustrated in Figure 3, is one example of a WD configured for communication in accordance with one or more communication standards promulgated by the 3^rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as 3GPP’s GSM, UMTS, LTE, and/or 5G standards. As mentioned previously, the term WD and UE may be used interchangeable. Accordingly, although Figure 3 is a UE, the components discussed herein are equally applicable to a WD, and vice-versa. In some examples, the UE 300 may comprise a wireless device or UE as described with respect to any of the examples and embodiments set out above and below.

In Figure 3, UE 300 includes processing circuitry 301 that is operatively coupled to input/output interface 305, radio frequency (RF) interface 309, network connection interface 311 , memory 315 including random access memory (RAM) 317, read-only memory (ROM) 319, and storage medium 321 or the like, communication subsystem 331 , power source 333, and/or any other component, or any combination thereof. Storage medium 321 includes operating system 323, application program 325, and data 327. In other embodiments, storage medium 321 may include other similar types of information. Certain UEs may utilize all of the components shown in Figure 3, or only a subset of the components. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.

In Figure 3, processing circuitry 301 may be configured to process computer instructions and data. Processing circuitry 301 may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute machine instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory, such as one or more hardware- implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, FPGA, ASIC, etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored program, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry 301 may include two central processing units (CPUs). Data may be information in a form suitable for use by a computer.

In the depicted embodiment, input/output interface 305 may be configured to provide a communication interface to an input device, output device, or input and output device. UE 300 may be configured to use an output device via input/output interface 305. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a USB port may be used to provide input to and output from UE 300. The output device may be a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. UE 300 may be configured to use an input device via input/output interface 305 to allow a user to capture information into UE 300. The input device may include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another like sensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device may be an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and an optical sensor. In Figure 3, RF interface 309 may be configured to provide a communication interface to RF components such as a transmitter, a receiver, and an antenna. Network connection interface 31 1 may be configured to provide a communication interface to network 343a. Network 343a may encompass wired and/or wireless networks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like network or any combination thereof. For example, network 343a may comprise a Wi Fi network. Network connection interface 31 1 may be configured to include a receiver and a transmitter interface used to communicate with one or more other devices over a communication network according to one or more communication protocols, such as Ethernet, TCP/IP, SONET, ATM, or the like. Network connection interface 311 may implement receiver and transmitter functionality appropriate to the communication network links (e.g., optical, electrical, and the like). The transmitter and receiver functions may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively may be implemented separately.

RAM 317 may be configured to interface via bus 302 to processing circuitry 301 to provide storage or caching of data or computer instructions during the execution of software programs such as the operating system, application programs, and device drivers. ROM 319 may be configured to provide computer instructions or data to processing circuitry 301. For example, ROM 319 may be configured to store invariant low-level system code or data for basic system functions such as basic input and output (I/O), startup, or reception of keystrokes from a keyboard that are stored in a non-volatile memory. Storage medium 321 may be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, or flash drives. In one example, storage medium 321 may be configured to include operating system 323, application program 325 such as a web browser application, a widget or gadget engine or another application, and data file 327. Storage medium 321 may store, for use by UE 300, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

Storage medium 321 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), floppy disk drive, flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as a subscriber identity module or a removable user identity (SIM/RUIM) module, other memory, or any combination thereof. Storage medium 321 may allow UE 300 to access computer-executable instructions, application programs or the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied in storage medium 321 , which may comprise a device readable medium.

In Figure 3, processing circuitry 301 may be configured to communicate with network 343b using communication subsystem 331. Network 343a and network 343b may be the same network or networks or different network or networks. Communication subsystem 331 may be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with network 343b. For example, communication subsystem 331 may be configured to include one or more transceivers used to communicate with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication such as another WD, UE, or base station of a radio access network (RAN) according to one or more communication protocols, such as IEEE 802.11 , CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMax, or the like. Each transceiver may include transmitter 333 and/or receiver 335 to implement transmitter or receiver functionality, respectively, appropriate to the RAN links (e.g., frequency allocations and the like). Further, transmitter 333 and receiver 335 of each transceiver may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively may be implemented separately.

In the illustrated embodiment, the communication functions of communication subsystem 331 may include data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. For example, communication subsystem 331 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GPS communication. Network 343b may encompass wired and/or wireless networks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like network or any combination thereof. For example, network 343b may be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and/or a near-field network. Power source 313 may be configured to provide alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power to components of UE 300.

The features, benefits and/or functions described herein may be implemented in one of the components of UE 300 or partitioned across multiple components of UE 300. Further, the features, benefits, and/or functions described herein may be implemented in any combination of hardware, software or firmware. In one example, communication subsystem 331 may be configured to include any of the components described herein. Further, processing circuitry 301 may be configured to communicate with any of such components over bus 302. In another example, any of such components may be represented by program instructions stored in memory that when executed by processing circuitry 301 perform the corresponding functions described herein. In another example, the functionality of any of such components may be partitioned between processing circuitry 301 and communication subsystem 331. In another example, the non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and the computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.

Figure 4 illustrates a Virtualization environment in accordance with some embodiments.

Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 400 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to a node (e.g., a virtualized base station or a virtualized radio access node) or to a device (e.g., a UE, a wireless device or any other type of communication device) or components thereof and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components (e.g., via one or more applications, components, functions, virtual machines or containers executing on one or more physical processing nodes in one or more networks).

In some embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in one or more virtual environments 400 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes 430. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node is not a radio access node or does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node), then the network node may be entirely virtualized.

The functions may be implemented by one or more applications 420 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) operative to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein. Applications 420 are run in virtualization environment 400 which provides hardware 430 comprising processing circuitry 460 and memory 490. Memory 490 contains instructions 495 executable by processing circuitry 460 whereby application 420 is operative to provide one or more of the features, benefits, and/or functions disclosed herein.

Virtualization environment 400, comprises general-purpose or special- purpose network hardware devices 430 comprising a set of one or more processors or processing circuitry 460, which may be commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors, dedicated Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), or any other type of processing circuitry including digital or analog hardware components or special purpose processors. Each hardware device may comprise memory 490-1 which may be non-persistent memory for temporarily storing instructions 495 or software executed by processing circuitry 460. Each hardware device may comprise one or more network interface controllers (NICs) 470, also known as network interface cards, which include physical network interface 480. Each hardware device may also include non-transitory, persistent, machine-readable storage media 490-2 having stored therein software 495 and/or instructions executable by processing circuitry 460. Software 495 may include any type of software including software for instantiating one or more virtualization layers 450 (also referred to as hypervisors), software to execute virtual machines 440 as well as software allowing it to execute functions, features and/or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein.

Virtual machines 440, comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 450 or hypervisor. Different embodiments of the instance of virtual appliance 420 may be implemented on one or more of virtual machines 440, and the implementations may be made in different ways. During operation, processing circuitry 460 executes software 495 to instantiate the hypervisor or virtualization layer 450, which may sometimes be referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM). Virtualization layer 450 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to virtual machine 440.

As shown in Figure 4, hardware 430 may be a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 430 may comprise antenna 4225 and may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 430 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or customer premise equipment (CPE)) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration (MANO) 4100, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 420.

Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.

In the context of NFV, virtual machine 440 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of virtual machines 440, and that part of hardware 430 that executes that virtual machine, be it hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and/or hardware shared by that virtual machine with others of the virtual machines 440, forms a separate virtual network elements (VNE).

Still in the context of NFV, Virtual Network Function (VNF) is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more virtual machines 440 on top of hardware networking infrastructure 430 and corresponds to application 420 in Figure 4.

In some embodiments, one or more radio units 4200 that each include one or more transmitters 4220 and one or more receivers 4210 may be coupled to one or more antennas 4225. Radio units 4200 may communicate directly with hardware nodes 430 via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signalling can be effected with the use of control system 4230 which may alternatively be used for communication between the hardware nodes 430 and radio units 4200.

Figure 5 illustrates a Telecommunication network connected via an intermediate network to a host computer in accordance with some embodiments.

With reference to Figure 5, in accordance with an embodiment, a communication system includes telecommunication network 510, such as a 3GPP- type cellular network, which comprises access network 51 1 , such as a radio access network, and core network 514. Access network 51 1 comprises a plurality of base stations 512a, 512b, 512c, such as NBs, eNBs, gNBs or other types of wireless access points, each defining a corresponding coverage area 513a, 513b, 513c. Each base station 512a, 512b, 512c is connectable to core network 514 over a wired or wireless connection 515. Each base station 512a, 512b, 512c may be configured to operate as described with respect to any of the base stations in the embodiments above and below. A first UE 591 located in coverage area 513c is configured to wirelessly connect to, or be paged by, the corresponding base station 512c. A second UE 592 in coverage area 513a is wirelessly connectable to the corresponding base station 512a. While a plurality of UEs 591 , 592 are illustrated in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to a situation where a sole UE is in the coverage area or where a sole UE is connecting to the corresponding base station 512. Each of the UEs 591 , 592 may be configured to operate as described with respect to any of the UEs or wireless devices in the embodiments above and below.

Telecommunication network 510 is itself connected to host computer 530, which may be embodied in the hardware and/or software of a standalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server or as processing resources in a server farm. Host computer 530 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider, or may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. Connections 521 and 522 between telecommunication network 510 and host computer 530 may extend directly from core network 514 to host computer 530 or may go via an optional intermediate network 520. Intermediate network 520 may be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private or hosted network; intermediate network 520, if any, may be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, intermediate network 520 may comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown). The communication system of Figure 5 as a whole enables connectivity between the connected UEs 591 , 592 and host computer 530. The connectivity may be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection 550. Host computer 530 and the connected UEs 591 , 592 are configured to communicate data and/or signaling via OTT connection 550, using access network 51 1 , core network 514, any intermediate network 520 and possible further infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries. OTT connection 550 may be transparent in the sense that the participating communication devices through which OTT connection 550 passes are unaware of routing of uplink and downlink communications. For example, base station 512 may not or need not be informed about the past routing of an incoming downlink communication with data originating from host computer 530 to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to a connected UE 591. Similarly, base station 512 need not be aware of the future routing of an outgoing uplink communication originating from the UE 591 towards the host computer 530.

Figure 6 illustrates a host computer communicating via a base station with a user equipment over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments.

Example implementations, in accordance with an embodiment, of the UE, base station and host computer discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to Figure 6. In communication system 600, host computer 610 comprises hardware 615 including communication interface 616 configured to set up and maintain a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of communication system 600. Host computer 610 further comprises processing circuitry 618, which may have storage and/or processing capabilities. In particular, processing circuitry 618 may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. Host computer 610 further comprises software 611 , which is stored in or accessible by host computer 610 and executable by processing circuitry 618. Software 611 includes host application 612. Host application 612 may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as UE 630 connecting via OTT connection 650 terminating at UE 630 and host computer 610. In providing the service to the remote user, host application 612 may provide user data which is transmitted using OTT connection 650. Communication system 600 further includes base station 620 provided in a telecommunication system and comprising hardware 625 enabling it to communicate with host computer 610 and with UE 630. Hardware 625 may include communication interface 626 for setting up and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of communication system 600, as well as radio interface 627 for setting up and maintaining at least wireless connection 670 with UE 630 located in a coverage area (not shown in Figure 6) served by base station 620. Communication interface 626 may be configured to facilitate connection 660 to host computer 610. Connection 660 may be direct or it may pass through a core network (not shown in Figure 6) of the telecommunication system and/or through one or more intermediate networks outside the telecommunication system. In the embodiment shown, hardware 625 of base station 620 further includes processing circuitry 628, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. Base station 620 further has software 621 stored internally or accessible via an external connection.

Communication system 600 further includes UE 630 already referred to. Its hardware 635 may include radio interface 637 configured to set up and maintain wireless connection 670 with a base station serving a coverage area in which UE 630 is currently located. Hardware 635 of UE 630 further includes processing circuitry 638, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. UE 630 further comprises software 631 , which is stored in or accessible by UE 630 and executable by processing circuitry 638. Software 631 includes client application 632. Client application 632 may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE 630, with the support of host computer 610. In host computer 610, an executing host application 612 may communicate with the executing client application 632 via OTT connection 650 terminating at UE 630 and host computer 610. In providing the service to the user, client application 632 may receive request data from host application 612 and provide user data in response to the request data. OTT connection 650 may transfer both the request data and the user data. Client application 632 may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides.

It is noted that host computer 610, base station 620 and UE 630 illustrated in Figure 6 may be similar or identical to host computer 530, one of base stations 512a, 512b, 512c and one of UEs 591 , 592 of Figure 5, respectively. This is to say, the inner workings of these entities may be as shown in Figure 6 and independently, the surrounding network topology may be that of Figure 5.

In Figure 6, OTT connection 650 has been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between host computer 610 and UE 630 via base station 620, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices. Network infrastructure may determine the routing, which it may be configured to hide from UE 630 or from the service provider operating host computer 610, or both. While OTT connection 650 is active, the network infrastructure may further take decisions by which it dynamically changes the routing (e.g., on the basis of load balancing consideration or reconfiguration of the network).

Wireless connection 670 between UE 630 and base station 620 is in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to UE 630 using OTT connection 650, in which wireless connection 670 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve the interpretation of measurement reports transmitted by the UE to the network, as the network may be aware of which parameters the UE have used for performing CQD.

A measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve. There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection 650 between host computer 610 and UE 630, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection 650 may be implemented in software 611 and hardware 615 of host computer 610 or in software 631 and hardware 635 of UE 630, or both. In embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with communication devices through which OTT connection 650 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software 611 , 631 may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of OTT connection 650 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not affect base station 620, and it may be unknown or imperceptible to base station 620. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling facilitating host computer 610’s measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like. The measurements may be implemented in that software 611 and 631 causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or‘dummy’ messages, using OTT connection 650 while it monitors propagation times, errors etc.

Figure 7 illustrates methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments

Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 5 and 6. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to Figure 7 will be included in this section. In step 710, the host computer provides user data. In substep 711 (which may be optional) of step 710, the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step 720, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. In step 730 (which may be optional), the base station transmits to the UE the user data which was carried in the transmission that the host computer initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 740 (which may also be optional), the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer.

Figure 8 illustrates methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments

Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 5 and 6. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to Figure 8 will be included in this section. In step 810 of the method, the host computer provides user data. In an optional substep (not shown) the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step 820, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. The transmission may pass via the base station, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 830 (which may be optional), the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.

Figure 9 illustrates methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments

Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 5 and 6. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to Figure 9 will be included in this section. In step 910 (which may be optional), the UE receives input data provided by the host computer. Additionally or alternatively, in step 920, the UE provides user data. In substep 921 (which may be optional) of step 920, the UE provides the user data by executing a client application. In substep 91 1 (which may be optional) of step 910, the UE executes a client application which provides the user data in reaction to the received input data provided by the host computer. In providing the user data, the executed client application may further consider user input received from the user. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE initiates, in substep 930 (which may be optional), transmission of the user data to the host computer. In step 940 of the method, the host computer receives the user data transmitted from the UE, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.

Figure 10 illustrates methods implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments.

Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 5 and 6. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to Figure 10 will be included in this section. In step 1010 (which may be optional), in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the base station receives user data from the UE. In step 1020 (which may be optional), the base station initiates transmission of the received user data to the host computer. In step 1030 (which may be optional), the host computer receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the base station.

Any appropriate steps, methods, features, functions, or benefits disclosed herein may be performed through one or more functional units or modules of one or more virtual apparatuses. Each virtual apparatus may comprise a number of these functional units. These functional units may be implemented via processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein. In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause the respective functional unit to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

Figure 1 1 illustrates a method in accordance with some embodiments

Figure 11 depicts a method in accordance with particular embodiments, the method begins at step 1 102 with receiving a first control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operation. The method then comprises receiving broadcast system information at step 1 104 and, responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to a default procedure at step 1106.

Figure 12 illustrates a virtualization apparatus in accordance with some embodiments.

Figure 12 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an apparatus WW00 in a wireless network (for example, the wireless network shown in Figure 2). The apparatus may be implemented in a wireless device or network node (e.g., wireless device 210 or network node 260 shown in Figure 2). Apparatus WW00 is operable to carry out the example method described with reference to Figure W and possibly any other processes or methods disclosed herein. It is also to be understood that the method of Figure VV is not necessarily carried out solely by apparatus WWOO. At least some operations of the method can be performed by one or more other entities.

Virtual Apparatus WWOO may comprise processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein, in several embodiments. In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause Receiving Unit WW02, Performing Unit WW04, and any other suitable units of apparatus WWOO to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

As illustrated in Figure 12, apparatus WWOO includes Receiving Unit WW02 and Performing Unit WW04, Receiving Unit WW02 is configured to receive a first control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operation, and to receive broadcast system information. Performing Unit WW04 is configured to, responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, perform a cell measurement according to a default procedure.

The term unit may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein.

Figure 13 illustrates a method in accordance with some embodiments.

Figure 13 depicts a method in accordance with particular embodiments, the method begins at step 1302 with transmitting at least one of a system information broadcast or a wireless device control message, at least one of the system information broadcast or the wireless device control message comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter.

Figure 14 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 1400 in a wireless network (for example, the wireless network shown in Figure 2). The apparatus may be implemented in a wireless device or network node (e.g., wireless device 210 or network node 260 shown in Figure 2). Apparatus WW00 is operable to carry out the example method described with reference to Figure 13 and possibly any other processes or methods disclosed herein. It is also to be understood that the method of Figure VV is not necessarily carried out solely by apparatus 1400. At least some operations of the method can be performed by one or more other entities.

Virtual Apparatus 1400 may comprise processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein, in several embodiments. In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause Transmitting Unit 1402, and any other suitable units of apparatus 1400 to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

As illustrated in Figure 14, apparatus 1400 includes Transmitting Unit WW02, Transmitting Unit 1402 is configured to transmit at least one of a system information broadcast or a wireless device control message, at least one of the system information broadcast or the wireless device control message comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter.

The following are certain enumerated embodiments further illustrating various aspects the disclosed subject matter.

GROUP A EMBODIMENTS

1. A method performed by a wireless device for performing a cell

measurement, the method comprising:

a. receiving a first control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operation;

b. receiving broadcast system information; and

c. responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising

information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to a default procedure.

2. The method of embodiment 1 , further comprising:

a. depending on the second mode of operation deleting or storing

available cell measurement parameter.

3. The method as in embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the cell measurement

comprises determining a cell quality of one or more cells from which the wireless device is receiving beamformed reference signals.

4. The method of embodiment 3 wherein the beamformed reference signals comprise one or more of synchronization signal blocks, SSB, Physical Broadcast Channel, PBCH, blocks and Chanel Status Information Reference Signals, CSI-RS.

5. The method of embodiment 3 or 4, wherein the default procedure is to

determine a cell quality of a cell using a beamformed reference signal received from the cell, which beamformed reference signal has a best value for that cell quality from among all beamformed reference signals received from the cell.

6. The method of any preceding embodiment, further comprising: a. responsive to the broadcast system information comprising information relating to at least one first cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to the at least one first cell measurement parameter.

7. The method of embodiment 6, wherein the at least one first cell

measurement parameter comprises at least one first Cell Quality Derivation, CQD, parameter for use in determining cell quality based on beamformed reference signals.

8. The method of embodiment 7, wherein the at least one CQD parameter may be associated with one or more frequencies, one or more cell(s) or one or more frequencies each associated with one or more cells.

9. The method of any preceding embodiment, wherein the first mode of

operation is associated with a first level of signaling overhead and the second mode of operation is associated with a second level of signaling overhead which is less that the first level of signaling overhead.

10. The method any preceding embodiment wherein the first mode of operation is optimized for uplink and downlink data transmission and the second mode of operation is optimized to minimize power consumption of the wireless device.

11. The method of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first mode of operation comprises a Radio Resource Control, RRC, Connected mode of operation.

12. The method as in embodiment 11 , wherein the second mode of operation comprises an RRC Idle or an RRC Inactive mode of operation.

13. The method of embodiment 12, wherein the broadcast system information comprises a System Information Block, SIB.

14. The method of embodiment 13, wherein the SIB comprises at least one of SIB2 or SIB4.

15. The method of any one of the preceding embodiments, further comprising: a. responsive to the wireless device performing cell reselection, re receiving broadcast system information; b. responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to a default procedure; and

c. responsive to the broadcast system information comprising

information relating to at least one first cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to the at least one first cell measurement parameter.

method of any one of the preceding embodiments, further comprising: a. sending a request message to a base station, requesting to transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation;

b. receiving a second control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation; and

c. responsive to the second control message not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing at least one of: i. cell measurement according to the default procedure;

ii. cell measurement according to at least one first cell

measurement parameter received with the broadcast system information.

method of embodiment 16, further comprising:

a. responsive to the second control message comprising information relating to at least one second cell measurement parameter, performing at least one of:

i. discarding a cell measurement parameter received with the broadcast system information;

ii. performing a cell measurement according to the at least one second cell measurement parameter received with the second control message;

iii. applying a delta signaling to the at least one second cell measurement parameter received with the second control message and to at least one first cell measurement parameter received with the broadcast system information.

18. The method of any one of embodiments 11 to 17, wherein the second mode of operation comprises an RRC Idle mode of operation.

19. The method of embodiment 18, further comprising:

a. responsive to receiving the broadcast system information, discarding any cell measurement parameters obtained during operation in RRC Connected mode.

20. The method of embodiment 18 or 19, further comprising:

a. sending a request message to a base station, requesting to transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation;

c. responsive to the second control message not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing at least one of: i. checking for an explicit or implicit flag in the second control message and performing a cell measurement according to the default procedure or performing a cell measurement according to at least one first cell measurement parameter received with the broadcast system information in accordance with the presence or absence of the flag;

ii. checking for an instruction to flush any cell measurement parameters obtained during the second mode of operation and flushing at least a cell measurement parameter obtained during the second mode of operation in accordance with the instruction.

21. The method of any one of embodiments 1 1 to 17, wherein the second mode of operation comprises an RRC Inactive mode of operation.

22. The method of embodiment 21 , further comprising: a. responsive to receiving the broadcast system information, storing an available cell measurement parameter.

23. The method of embodiment 21 , further comprising:

a. responsive to the broadcast system information comprising

information relating to at least one first cell measurement parameter, performing at least one of:

i. performing a cell measurement according to the at least one first cell measurement parameter and saving any cell measurement parameters obtained during operation in RRC Connected mode;

ii. applying a delta signaling to the at least one first cell

measurement parameter received with the broadcast system information and to any cell measurement parameters obtained during operation in RRC Connected mode.

iii. receiving an instruction from a base station concerning any cell measurement parameters obtained during operation in RRC Connected mode and following the instruction.

24. The method of any one of embodiments 21 to 23, further comprising:

c. responsive to the second control message comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, applying a delta signaling to any cell measurement parameters obtained when wireless device transitioned from the first mode of operation to the second mode of operation.

25. The method of any one of embodiments 21 to 24, further comprising: a. sending a request message to a base station, requesting to transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation;

b. receiving a third control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition to a mode of operation which is not the first mode of operation;

c. receiving broadcast system information; and

d. responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising

information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to the default procedure; or e. responsive to the broadcast system information comprising

26. The method of embodiment 25, further comprising:

a. sending a new request message to a base station, requesting to

transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation;

b. receiving a fourth control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition to a mode of operation which is not the first mode of operation; and

c. responsive to the fourth control message not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to the default procedure.

27. The method of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the cell measurement parameter comprises at least one of: an indication of a maximum number of beams to be averaged when performing Cell Quality Derivation; or an indication of a threshold quality for beams to be used to estimate cell quality.

28. The method of any one of embodiments 2 to 27, wherein cell quality

comprises one of more of: a reference signal received power, RSRP, a reference signal received quality RSRQ and/or a signal-to-interference-plus- noise ratio, SINR.

29. The method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising:

- providing user data; and

- forwarding the user data to a host computer via the transmission to the base station.

GROUP B EMBODIMENTS

30. A method performed by a base station for instructing a wireless device how to perform cell measurements, the method comprising transmitting at least one of a system information broadcast or a wireless device control message, at least one of the system information broadcast or the wireless device control message comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter.

31. The method of embodiment 30, wherein the wireless device control message instructs the wireless device to transition from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operation or from a second mode of operation to another mode of operation, which may be the first mode of operation, the second mode of operation or a different mode of operation.

32. The method of embodiment316, wherein the first mode of operation

comprises a Radio Resource Control connected mode of operation.

33. The method of embodiment 32 wherein the second mode of operation

comprises an RRC idle or an RRC inactive mode of operation.

34. The method of any one of embodiments 30 to 33, wherein the cell

measurement parameter comprises at least one of: an indication of a maximum number of beams to be averaged when performing Cell Quality Derivation; or an indication of a threshold quality for beams to be used to estimate cell quality.

35. The method of any one of embodiments 30 to 34, wherein cell quality

36. The method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising: a. obtaining user data; and

b. forwarding the user data to a host computer or a wireless device.

GROUP C EMBODIMENTS

37. A wireless device for performing a cell measurement, the wireless device comprising:

- processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments; and

- power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the wireless device.

38. A base station for instructing a wireless device how to perform cell

measurements, the base station comprising:

- processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments;

- power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the base station.

39. A user equipment (UE) for performing a cell measurement, the UE

comprising:

- an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals; - radio front-end circuitry connected to the antenna and to processing circuitry, and configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuitry;

- the processing circuitry being configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments;

- an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow input of information into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry;

- an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry; and a battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE.

40. A communication system including a host computer comprising:

- processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and

- a communication interface configured to forward the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE),

- wherein the cellular network comprises a base station having a radio interface and processing circuitry, the base station’s processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.

41. The communication system of the previous embodiment further including the base station.

42. The communication system of the previous 2 embodiments, further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to communicate with the base station.

43. The communication system of the previous 3 embodiments, wherein:

- the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing the user data; and

- the UE comprises processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application.

44. A method implemented in a communication system including a host

computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:

at the host computer, providing user data; and

at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the base station, wherein the base station performs any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.

The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising, at the base station, transmitting the user data. The method of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein the user data is provided at the host computer by executing a host application, the method further comprising, at the UE, executing a client application associated with the host application. A user equipment (UE) configured to communicate with a base station, the UE comprising a radio interface and processing circuitry configured to performs the of the previous 3 embodiments. A communication system including a host computer comprising:

- processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and

- a communication interface configured to forward user data to a

cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE),

- wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the UE’s components configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments. The communication system of the previous embodiment, wherein the cellular network further includes a base station configured to communicate with the

UE. The communication system of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein:

- the UE’s processing circuitry is configured to execute a client

application associated with the host application. 51. A method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:

- at the host computer, providing user data; and

- at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the base station, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the Group A

embodiments.

52. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising at the UE, receiving the user data from the base station.

53. A communication system including a host computer comprising:

- communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base station,

- wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the UE’s processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.

54. The communication system of the previous embodiment, further including the UE.

55. The communication system of the previous 2 embodiments, further including the base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio interface configured to communicate with the UE and a communication interface configured to forward to the host computer the user data carried by a transmission from the UE to the base station. 56. The communication system of the previous 3 embodiments, wherein:

- the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application; and - the UE’s processing circuitry is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data. 57. The communication system of the previous 4 embodiments, wherein:

- the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application, thereby providing request data; and

- the UE’s processing circuitry is configured to execute a client

application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data in response to the request data.

58. A method implemented in a communication system including a host

computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method

comprising:

at the host computer, receiving user data transmitted to the base station from the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.

59. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising, at the UE, providing the user data to the base station.

60. The method of the previous 2 embodiments, further comprising:

- at the UE, executing a client application, thereby providing the user data to be transmitted; and

- at the host computer, executing a host application associated with the client application.

61. The method of the previous 3 embodiments, further comprising:

- at the UE, executing a client application; and - at the UE, receiving input data to the client application, the input data being provided at the host computer by executing a host application associated with the client application,

- wherein the user data to be transmitted is provided by the client application in response to the input data.

62. A communication system including a host computer comprising a

communication interface configured to receive user data originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio interface and processing circuitry, the base station’s processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.

63. The communication system of the previous embodiment further including the base station.

64. The communication system of the previous 2 embodiments, further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to communicate with the base station. 65. The communication system of the previous 3 embodiments, wherein:

- the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured to execute a host application;

- the UE is configured to execute a client application associated with the host application, thereby providing the user data to be received by the host computer.

66. A method implemented in a communication system including a host

computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the method

comprising:

- at the host computer, receiving, from the base station, user data originating from a transmission which the base station has received from the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.

The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising at the base station, receiving the user data from the UE. The method of the previous 2 embodiments, further comprising at the base station, initiating a transmission of the received user data to the host computer.

APPENDIX 1

MeasObjectNR

The IE MeasObjectNR specifies information applicable for SS/PBCH block(s) intra/inter-frequency measurements or CSI-RS intra/inter-frequency measurements.

MeasObjectNR information element

- ASN 1 START

- TAG-MEAS-OBJECT-NR-START

MeasObjectNR ::= SEQUENCE {

ssbFrequency ARFCN-ValueNR

OPTIONAL,

refFreqCSI-RS ARFCN-ValueNR

OPTIONAL,

--RS configuration (e.g. SMTC window, CSI-RS resource, etc.)

referenceSignalConfig ReferenceSignalConfig,

--Consolidation of L1 measurements per RS index

absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation ThresholdNR

OPTIONAL, - Need R

absThreshCSI-RS-Consolidation ThresholdNR

OPTIONAL, - Need R

--Config for cell measurement derivation

nrofSS-BlocksToAverage INTEGER

(2..maxNrofSS-BlocksToAverage)

OPTIONAL, - Need R

nrofCSI-RS-ResourcesToAverage INTEGER (2..maxNrofCSI-RS-

ResourcesToAverage) OPTIONAL,

Need R

-- Filter coefficients applicable to this measurement object

quantityConfiglndex INTEGER

(1..maxNrofQuantityConfig),

-Frequency-specific offsets

offsetFreq Q-OffsetRangeList,

- Cell list

cellsToRemoveList PCI-List

OPTIONAL, -- Need N cellsToAddModList CellsT oAddModList

OPTIONAL, - Need N

-- Black list

blackCellsToRemoveList PCI-RangelndexList

OPTIONAL, - Need N

blackCellsT oAddModList

BlackCellsT oAddModList

OPTIONAL, -- Need N

-- White list

whiteCellsToRemoveList PCI-RangelndexList

OPTIONAL, - Need N

whiteCellsT oAddModList

WhiteCellsToAddModList

OPTIONAL, -- Need N

ReferenceSignalConfig::= SEQUENCE {

-- SSB configuration for mobility (nominal SSBs, timing configuration) ssb-ConfigMobility SSB-ConfigMobility

OPTIONAL, - Need M

-- CSI-RS resources to be used for CSI-RS based RRM measurements csi-rs-ResourceConfigMobility SetupRelease { CSI-RS-

ResourceConfigMobility } OPTIONAL-- Need M

}

-- A measurement timing configuration

SSB-ConfigMobility::= SEQUENCE {

--Only the values 15, 30 or 60 kHz (<6GHz), 60 or 120 kHz (>6GHz) are applicable

subcarrierSpacing SubcarrierSpacing,

-- The set of SS blocks to be measured within the SMTC measurement duration.

-- Corresponds to L1 parameter 'SSB-measured' (see FFS_Spec, section FFS_Section)

-- When the field is absent the UE measures on all SS-blocks -- FFS_CHECK: Is this IE placed correctly.

ssb-ToMeasure SetupRelease {

SSB-ToMeasure } OPTIONAL,

Need M

-- Indicates whether the UE can utilize serving cell timing to derive the index of

SS block transmitted by neighbour cell:

useServingCellTimingForSync BOOLEAN, -- Primary measurement timing configuration. Applicable for intra- and inter frequency measurements.

smtd SEQUENCE {

-- Periodicity and offset of the measurement window in which to receive SS/PBCH blocks.

-- Periodicity and offset are given in number of subframes.

-- FFS_FIXME: This does not match the L1 parameter table! They seem to intend an index to a hidden table in L1 specs.

-- (see 38.213, section REF):

periodicityAndOffset CHOICE {

sf5

INTEGER (0..4),

sf10 INTEGER

(0..9),

sf20 INTEGER

(0..19),

sf40 INTEGER

(0..39),

sf80 INTEGER

(0..79),

sf160 INTEGER

(0..159)

},

-- Duration of the measurement window in which to receive SS/PBCH blocks. It is given in number of subframes

-- (see 38.213, section 4.1)

duration ENUMERATED { sf 1 , sf2, sf3, sf4, sf5 }

},

-- Secondary measurement timing confguration for explicitly signalled PCIs. It uses the offset and duration from smtd .

-- It is supported only for intra-frequency measurements in RRC

CONNECTED.

smtc2 SEQUENCE {

-- PCIs that are known to follow this SMTC.

pci-List SEQUENCE (SIZE

(1..maxNrofPCIsPerSMTC)) OF PhysCellld OPTIONAL, - Need M

-- Periodicity for the given PCIs. Timing offset and Duration as provided in smtd .

periodicity ENUMERATED

{sf5, sf10, sf20, sf40, sf80, sf160, spare2, sparel}

}

OPTIONAL,-- Cond IntraFreqConnected

ss-RSSI-Measurement SEQUENCE { measurementSlots CHOICE { kHz'! 5

BIT STRING (SIZE(1 )),

kHz30

BIT STRING (SIZE(2)), kHz60

BIT STRING (SIZE(4)),

kHz120

BIT STRING (SIZE(8))

},

endSymbol

INTEGER(0..13)

}

OPTIONAL

}

CSI-RS-ResourceConfigMobility ::= SEQUENCE {

-- MO specific values

isServingCellMO BOOLEAN,

-- Subcarrier spacing of CSI-RS.

-- Only the values 15, 30 or 60 kHz (<6GHz), 60 or 120 kHz (>6GHz) are applicable.

-- Corresponds to L1 parameter 'Numerology' (see 38.211 , section

FFS_Section)

subcarrierSpacing SubcarrierSpacing,

-- List of cells

csi-RS-CellList-Mobility SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxNrofCSI-RS- CellsRRM)) OF CSI-RS-CellMobility

}

CSI-RS-CellMobility ::= SEQUENCE {

cellld PhysCellld, csi-rs-MeasurementBW SEQUENCE {

-- Allowed size of the measurement BW in PRBs

-- Corresponds to L1 parameter 'CSI-RS-measurementBW-size' (see FFS_Spec, section FFS_Section)

nrofPRBs ENUMERATED { size24, size48, size96, size192, size264},

-- Starting PRB index of the measurement bandwidth

-- Corresponds to L1 parameter 'CSI-RS-measurement-BW-start' (see FFS_Spec, section FFS_Section)

-- FFS_Value: Upper edge of value range unclear in RAN1 startPRB INTEGER(0..2169)

},

-- Frequency domain density for the 1-port CSI-RS for L3 mobility

-- Corresponds to L1 parameter 'Density' (see FFS_Spec, section

FFS_Section)

density ENUMERATED

{d1 ,d3}

OPTIONAL,

- List of resources csi-rs-ResourceList-Mobility SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxNrofCSI-RS- ResourcesRRM))OF CSI-RS-Resource-Mobility

}

CSI-RS-Resource-Mobility ::= SEQUENCE {

csi-RS-lndex CSI-RS-lndex,

-- Contains periodicity and slot offset for periodic/semi-persistent CSI-RS (see 38.211 , section x.x.x.x)FFS_Ref

slotConfig CHOICE {

ms4 INTEGER

(0..31),

ms5 INTEGER

(0..39),

ms10 INTEGER (0..79), ms20 INTEGER (0..159), ms40 INTEGER (0..319)

},

-- Each CSI-RS resource may be associated with one SSB. If such SSB is indicated, the NW also indicates whether the UE may assume

-- quasi-colocation of this SSB with this CSI-RS reosurce.

-- Corresponds to L1 parameter 'Associated-SSB' (see FFS_Spec, section FFS_Section)

associatedSSB SEQUENCE {

ssb-lndex SSB-lndex,

-- The CSI-RS resource is either QCL’ed not QCL’ed with the associated SSB in spatial parameters

-- Corresponds to L1 parameter 'QCLed-SSB' (see FFS_Spec, section FFS_Section)

isQuasiColocated BOOLEAN

} OPTIONAL, -- Cond AssociatedSSB

-- Frequency domain allocation within a physical resource block in accordance with 38.211 , section 7.4.1.5.3 including table 7.4.1.5.2-1.

-- The number of bits that may be set to one depend on the chosen row in that table. For the choice "other", the row can be determined from

-- the parmeters below and from the number of bits set to 1 in

frequencyDomainAllocation.

frequencyDomainAllocation CHOICE {

row1 BIT STRING (SIZE (4)), row2 BIT STRING (SIZE (12))

},

-- Time domain allocation within a physical resource block. The field indicates the first OFDM symbol in the PRB used for CSI-RS.

-- Parameter l_o in 38.211 , section 7.4.1.5.3. Value 2 is supported only when DL-DMRS-typeA-pos equals 3.

firstOFDMSymbollnTimeDomain INTEGER (0..13),

-- Scrambling ID for CSI-RS(see 38.211 , section 7.4.1.5.2)

sequenceGenerationConfig INTEGER (0..1023), }

CSI-RS-lndex ::= INTEGER (0..maxNrofCSI-RS- ResourcesRRM-1)

Q-OffsetRangeList ::= SEQUENCE {

rsrpOffsetSSB Q-OffsetRange

DEFAULT dBO,

rsrqOffsetSSB Q-OffsetRange

DEFAULT dBO,

sinrOffsetSSB Q-OffsetRange

DEFAULT dBO,

rsrpOffsetCSI-RS Q-OffsetRange

DEFAULT dBO,

rsrqOffsetCSI-RS Q-OffsetRange

DEFAULT dBO,

sinrOffsetCSI-RS Q-OffsetRange

DEFAULT dBO

}

SSB-ToMeasure ::= CHOICE {

-- bitmap for sub 3 GHz

shortBitmap BIT STRING (SIZE (4)),

-- bitmap for 3-6 GHz

mediumBitmap BIT STRING (SIZE (8)),

-- bitmap for above 6 GHz

longBitmap BIT STRING (SIZE (64))

}

ThresholdNR ::= SEQUENCE{

thresholdRSRP RSRP-Range

OPTIONAL,

thresholdRSRQ RSRQ-Range

OPTIONAL,

thresholdSINR SINR-Range

OPTIONAL

}

CellsT oAddModList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE

(1..maxNrofCellMeas)) OF CellsToAddMod

CellsToAddMod ::= SEQUENCE {

physCellld PhysCellld,

celllndividualOffset Q-OffsetRangeList

}

BlackCellsToAddModList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE (l.maxNrofPCI- Ranges)) OF BlackCellsToAddMod

BlackCellsToAddMod ::= SEQUENCE {

pci-Rangelndex PCI-Rangelndex, pci-Range PCI-Range

} WhiteCellsToAddModList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxNrofPCI-

Ranges)) OF WhiteCellsToAddMod

WhiteCellsToAddMod ::= SEQUENCE {

pci-Rangelndex PCI-Rangelndex, pci-Range PCI-Range

}

- TAG-MEAS-OBJECT-NR-STOP

- ASN1STOP

APPENDIX 2

SIB2

SIB2 contains cell re-selection information common for intra-frequency, inter- frequency and/ or inter-RAT cell re-selection (i.e. applicable for more than one type of cell re-selection but not necessarily all) as well as intra-frequency cell re-selection information other than neighbouring cell related.

SIB2 information element

- ASN 1 START

- TAG-SI B2-START

SIB2 ::= SEQUENCE {

cellReselectionlnfoCommon SEQUENCE {

q-Hyst ENUMERATED {

dBO, dB1 , dB2, dB3, dB4, dB5, dB6, dB8, dB10, dB12, dB14, dB16, dB18, dB20, dB22, dB24}

},

cellReselectionServingFreqlnfo SEQUENCE {

s-NonlntraSearchP ReselectionThreshold OPTIONAL, Need N

s-NonlntraSearchQ ReselectionThresholdQ OPTIONAL, Need N

threshServingLowP ReselectionThreshold,

threshServingLowQ ReselectionThresholdQ OPTIONAL, Need N

cellReselectionPriority CellReselectionPriority,

nrofSS-BlocksT oAverage INTEGER (2..maxNrofSS- BlocksToAverage) OPTIONAL,

absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation ThresholdNR OPTIONAL

},

intraFreqCellReselectionlnfo SEQUENCE {

q-RxLevMin Q-RxLevMin,

q-QualMin Q-Qualmin OPTIONAL,

s-lntraSearchP ReselectionThreshold,

s-lntraSearchQ ReselectionThresholdQ OPTIONAL, -- Cond RSRQ

t-ReselectionNR T-Reselection,

p-Max P-Max OPTIONAL, -- Need N

},

lateNonCriticalExtension OCTET STRING OPTIONAL

SIB4

SIB4 contains information relevant only for inter-frequency cell re-selection i.e. information about other NR frequencies and inter-frequency neighbouring cells relevant for cell re-selection. The IE includes cell re-selection parameters common for a frequency as well as cell specific re-selection parameters.

SIB4 information element

- ASN 1 START

- TAG-SI B4-START SIB4 ::= SEQUENCE {

interFreqCarrierFreqList InterFreqCarrierFreqList,

lateNonCriticalExtension OCTET STRING OPTIONAL

}

InterFreqCarrierFreqList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE (l.maxFreq)) OF

InterFreqCarrierFreqlnfo

InterFreqCarrierFreqlnfo ::= SEQUENCE {

dl-CarrierFreq ARFCN-ValueNR,

useServingCellTimingForSync BOOLEAN,

nrofSS-BlocksToAverage INTEGER (2..maxNrofSS- BlocksToAverage) OPTIONAL,

absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation ThresholdNR OPTIONAL, q-RxLevMin Q-RxLevMin,

q-QualMin Q-QualMin,

p-Max P-Max OPTIONAL, - Need N t-ReselectionNR T-Reselection,

threshX-HighP ReselectionThreshold,

threshX-LowP ReselectionThreshold,

threshX-HighQ ReselectionThresholdQ OPTIONAL, threshX-LowQ ReselectionThresholdQ OPTIONAL, cellReselectionPriority CellReselectionPriority OPTIONAL, - Need N q-OffsetFreq Q-OffsetRange DEFAULT dBO, interFreqNeighCellList InterFreqNeighCellList OPTIONAL, - Need N interFreqBlackCellList InterFreqBlackCellList OPTIONAL, - Need N

}

InterFreqNeighCellList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxCelllnter)) OF

InterFreqNeighCelllnfo

InterFreqNeighCelllnfo SEQUENCE {

physCellld PhysCellld,

q-OffsetCell Q-OffsetRange InterFreqBlackCellList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE (1..maxCellBlack)) OF

PhysCellldRange

- TAG-SI B4-STOP

- ASN1STOP ABBREVIATIONS

At least some of the following abbreviations may be used in this disclosure. If there is an inconsistency between abbreviations, preference should be given to how it is used above. If listed multiple times below, the first listing should be preferred over any subsequent listing(s).

1x RTT CDMA2000 1x Radio Transmission Technology

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project

5G 5th Generation

ABS Almost Blank Subframe

ARQ Automatic Repeat Request

AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise

BCCH Broadcast Control Channel

BCH Broadcast Channel

CA Carrier Aggregation

CC Carrier Component

CCCH SDUCommon Control Channel SDU

CDMA Code Division Multiplexing Access

CGI Cell Global Identifier

CIR Channel Impulse Response

CP Cyclic Prefix

CPICH Common Pilot Channel

CPICH Ec/No CPICH Received energy per chip divided by the power density in the band

CQI Channel Quality information

C-RNTI Cell RNTI

CSI Channel State Information

DCCH Dedicated Control Channel

DL Downlink

DM Demodulation

DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal

DRX Discontinuous Reception

DTX Discontinuous Transmission

DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel

DUT Device Under Test

E-CID Enhanced Cell-ID (positioning method)

E-SMLC Evolved-Serving Mobile Location Centre

ECGI Evolved CGI eNB E-UTRAN NodeB

ePDCCH enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel

E-SMLC evolved Serving Mobile Location Center

E-UTRA Evolved UTRA

E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN

FDD Frequency Division Duplex

FFS For Further Study

GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network

gNB Base station in NR

GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System

GSM Global System for Mobile communication

HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

HO Handover

HSPA High Speed Packet Access

HRPD High Rate Packet Data

LOS Line of Sight

LPP LTE Positioning Protocol

LTE Long-Term Evolution

MAC Medium Access Control

MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services

MBSFN Multimedia Broadcast multicast service Single Frequency Network

MBSFN ABS MBSFN Almost Blank Subframe

MDT Minimization of Drive Tests

MIB Master Information Block

MME Mobility Management Entity

MSC Mobile Switching Center

NPDCCH Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel

NR New Radio

OCNG OFDMA Channel Noise Generator

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

OSS Operations Support System

OTDOA Observed Time Difference of Arrival

O&M Operation and Maintenance

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel

P-CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel PCell Primary Cell

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel

PDP Profile Delay Profile

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel

PGW Packet Gateway

PHICH Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

PMI Precoder Matrix Indicator

PRACH Physical Random Access Channel

PRS Positioning Reference Signal

PSS Primary Synchronization Signal

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel

RACH Random Access Channel

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

RAN Radio Access Network

RAT Radio Access Technology

RLM Radio Link Management

RNC Radio Network Controller

RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier

RRC Radio Resource Control

RRM Radio Resource Management

RS Reference Signal

RSCP Received Signal Code Power

RSRP Reference Symbol Received Power OR

Reference Signal Received Power

RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality OR

Reference Symbol Received Quality

RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator

RSTD Reference Signal Time Difference

SCH Synchronization Channel

SCell Secondary Cell

SDU Service Data Unit

SFN System Frame Number

SGW Serving Gateway SI System Information

SIB System Information Block

SNR Signal to Noise Ratio

SON Self Optimized Network

SS Synchronization Signal

SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal

TDD Time Division Duplex

TDOA Time Difference of Arrival

TOA Time of Arrival

TSS Tertiary Synchronization Signal

TTI Transmission Time Interval

UE User Equipment

UL Uplink

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module

UTDOA Uplink Time Difference of Arrival

UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network

WCDMA Wide CDMA

WLAN Wide Local Area Network

Claims

1. A method performed by a wireless device for performing a cell

measurement, the method comprising:

b. receiving broadcast system information; and

c. responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

a. depending on the second mode of operation deleting or storing

available cell measurement parameter.

3. The method as in claim 1 or 2, wherein the cell measurement comprises determining a cell quality of one or more cells from which the wireless device is receiving beamformed reference signals.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the default procedure is to determine a cell quality of a cell using a beamformed reference signal received from the cell, which beamformed reference signal has a best value for that cell quality from among all beamformed reference signals received from the cell.

5. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising:

a. responsive to the broadcast system information comprising information relating to at least one first cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to the at least one first cell measurement parameter.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the at least one first cell measurement parameter comprises at least one first Cell Quality Derivation, CQD, parameter for use in determining cell quality based on beamformed reference signals.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one CQD parameter may be associated with one or more frequencies, one or more cell(s) or one or more frequencies each associated with one or more cells.

8. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the first mode of operation is associated with a first level of signaling overhead and the second mode of operation is associated with a second level of signaling overhead which is less that the first level of signaling overhead.

9. The method any preceding claim wherein the first mode of operation is

optimized for uplink and downlink data transmission and the second mode of operation is optimized to minimize power consumption of the wireless device.

10. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first mode of operation comprises a Radio Resource Control, RRC, Connected mode of operation and wherein the second mode of operation comprises an RRC Idle or an RRC Inactive mode of operation.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the broadcast system information

comprises a System Information Block, SIB.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the SIB comprises at least one of SIB2 or SIB4.

13. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising:

a. responsive to the wireless device performing cell reselection, re

receiving broadcast system information;

b. responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising

information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to a default procedure; and

c. responsive to the broadcast system information comprising

14. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: a. sending a request message to a base station, requesting to transition from the second mode of operation back to the first mode of operation;

ii. cell measurement according to at least one first cell

measurement parameter received with the broadcast system information.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

16. The method of any one of claims 10 to 15, wherein the second mode of operation comprises an RRC Idle mode of operation.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

18. The method of claim 16 or 17, further comprising:

19. The method of any one of claims 10 to 15, wherein the second mode of operation comprises an RRC Inactive mode of operation.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

a. responsive to receiving the broadcast system information, storing an available cell measurement parameter.

21. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

a. responsive to the broadcast system information comprising

ii. applying a delta signaling to the at least one first cell

22. The method of any one of claims 19 to 21 , further comprising:

23. The method of any one of claims 19 to 22, further comprising:

c. receiving broadcast system information; and

d. responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising

information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to the default procedure; or e. responsive to the broadcast system information comprising information relating to at least one first cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to the at least one first cell measurement parameter.

24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:

a. sending a new request message to a base station, requesting to

25. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cell

26. The method of any one of claims 2 to 25, wherein cell quality comprises one of more of: a reference signal received power, RSRP, a reference signal received quality RSRQ and/or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, SINR.

27. A method performed by a base station for instructing a wireless device how to perform cell measurements, the method comprising transmitting at least one of a system information broadcast or a wireless device control message, at least one of the system information broadcast or the wireless device control message comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the wireless device control message

instructs the wireless device to transition from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operation or from a second mode of operation to another mode of operation, which may be the first mode of operation, the second mode of operation or a different mode of operation.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the first mode of operation comprises a Radio Resource Control connected mode of operation and wherein the econd mode of operation comprises an RRC idle or an RRC inactive mode of operation.

30. The method of any one of claims 27 to 29, wherein the cell measurement parameter comprises at least one of: an indication of a maximum number of beams to be averaged when performing Cell Quality Derivation; or an indication of a threshold quality for beams to be used to estimate cell quality.

31. A wireless device for performing a cell measurement, the wireless device comprising:

- processing circuitry configured to:

a. receive a first control message from a base station instructing the wireless device to transition from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operation;

b. receive broadcast system information; and

c. responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising

information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to a default procedure;

- and power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the wireless device.

32. The wireless device of claim 31 configured to perform the method of any one of claims 2 to 26.

33. A base station for instructing a wireless device how to perform cell

measurements, the base station comprising:

- processing circuitry configured to transmit at least one of a system information broadcast or a wireless device control message, at least one of the system information broadcast or the wireless device control message comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter; and

- power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the base station.

34. The base station of claim 33 configured to perform the method of any one of claims 28 to 30.

35. A user equipment (UE) for performing a cell measurement, the UE comprising:

- an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals;

- radio front-end circuitry connected to the antenna and to processing circuitry, and configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuitry;

- the processing circuitry being configured to:

b. receive broadcast system information; and

c. responsive to the broadcast system information not comprising information relating to a cell measurement parameter, performing a cell measurement according to a default procedure;

- an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and

configured to allow input of information into the UE to be processed by the processing circuitry;

- an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and

configured to output information from the UE that has been processed by the processing circuitry; and

- a battery connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the UE.