WO2019192078A1 - Système de turbocompresseur à deux étages - Google Patents

Système de turbocompresseur à deux étages Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019192078A1
WO2019192078A1 PCT/CN2018/091995 CN2018091995W WO2019192078A1 WO 2019192078 A1 WO2019192078 A1 WO 2019192078A1 CN 2018091995 W CN2018091995 W CN 2018091995W WO 2019192078 A1 WO2019192078 A1 WO 2019192078A1
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Prior art keywords
pressure stage
heat exchanger
low
internal combustion
combustion engine
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PCT/CN2018/091995
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
舒歌群
李晓雅
田华
李君峰
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天津大学
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Publication of WO2019192078A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019192078A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
    • F02B29/0437—Liquid cooled heat exchangers
    • F02B29/0443—Layout of the coolant or refrigerant circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/32—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type
    • F02B33/34—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with rotary pumps
    • F02B33/40—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with rotary pumps of non-positive-displacement type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/08—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
    • F02B39/085—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio the fluid drive using expansion of fluids other than exhaust gases, e.g. a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/12—Drives characterised by use of couplings or clutches therein
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/16—Other safety measures for, or other control of, pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F02G5/04—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2260/00—Recuperating heat from exhaust gases of combustion engines and heat from cooling circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of turbochargers, and more particularly to a two-stage turbocharger system.
  • the supercharging technology can improve the power and economy of the internal combustion engine.
  • the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine are variable, and the speed range is from the lowest stable speed to the rated speed, or even higher.
  • the load change can be from zero to full load until the smoke limit.
  • the choice of design point usually results in two kinds of results: if the high speed is matched, the internal pressure of the internal combustion engine will be insufficient at low speed, and the torque characteristic will be significantly deteriorated. If the speed is matched, the internal combustion engine is Under heavy load conditions, the charge air pressure is too high and the supercharger is overspeed.
  • turbocharger itself and the booster system.
  • These technologies have achieved good results in the matching of turbochargers and internal combustion engines.
  • In order to simultaneously consider high speed and low speed performance there is inevitably a problem of compromise and energy waste, which is caused by insufficient exhaust energy at low speed. Limitation of insufficient booster air pressure. If the problem of low speed torque difference can be overcome, the torque characteristics of the turbocharged internal combustion engine will be further improved.
  • the cooling system After the normal operation of the internal combustion engine, the cooling system will work normally, which is limited by the current internal combustion engine technology. Generally, the energy contained in the internal combustion engine cooling system accounts for more than 20% of the total heat of the fuel combustion. If this part of energy can be recycled, the low-speed operation of the internal combustion engine. Pushing a turbine to work with the original exhaust-driven turbocharger can improve the torque difference of the turbocharged internal combustion engine under low-speed conditions.
  • the invention is based on the above-mentioned state of the art and research ideas, and proposes a two-stage turbocharging system driven by residual heat of an internal combustion engine to improve the low speed performance of the turbocharged internal combustion engine.
  • the waste heat recovery system is optimized to realize the effective utilization of the residual heat energy in the turbocharged internal combustion engine at high speed.
  • a basic structure of a two-stage turbocharger system proposed by the present invention includes an internal combustion engine, an intercooler, a high-pressure stage turbocharger, and a low-pressure stage turbocharger, and the high-pressure stage turbocharger.
  • the high-pressure stage compressor is composed of a coaxially connected high-pressure stage compressor and a high-pressure stage turbine;
  • the low-pressure stage turbocharger is composed of a low-pressure stage compressor and a low-pressure stage turbine;
  • the high-pressure stage compressor is connected in series with the low-pressure stage compressor.
  • the high pressure stage compressor is connected to the internal combustion engine through a charge air side of the intercooler, the low pressure stage turbine of the two stage boost system is driven by a waste heat recovery system, the waste heat recovery system comprising cooling in series a working fluid tank, a compressor, a cylinder and a water jacket heat exchanger, wherein an outlet of the compressor is connected to a working fluid side inlet of the cylinder water heat exchanger, and a working fluid side of the cylinder water heat exchanger The outlet is connected to the working medium side inlet of the cooler after passing through the low pressure stage turbine; the cylinder liner water of the internal combustion engine passes through the outlet pipe and enters the water side of the cylinder liner water heat exchanger after sufficient heat exchange After the return pipe Into the cylinder liner of the internal combustion engine; a coupling is also arranged between the low-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage compressor.
  • the two-stage turbocharging system of the present invention can further optimize the above basic scheme according to the actual situation, thereby realizing efficient recycling of the residual heat energy of the internal combustion engine in the whole working condition while improving the low-speed torque performance of the internal combustion engine.
  • Another improved technical solution proposed by the present invention is to connect the outlet of the compressor to the inlet of the secondary fluid side of the intercooler based on the above basic scheme, and the secondary fluid side of the intercooler
  • the outlet is connected to the working side inlet of the liner water heat exchanger, and the working side outlet of the cylinder water heat exchanger is connected to the low pressure stage turbine.
  • the two-stage turbocharger system proposed by the present invention realizes the utilization of the exhaust heat energy of the internal combustion engine by adding a flue gas heat exchanger, that is, the water jacket heat exchanger of the cylinder liner a flue gas heat exchanger is further disposed between the working medium side outlet and the low pressure stage turbine, and the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is connected to the flue gas side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger via the high pressure stage turbine, the smoke The gas side outlet is connected to the atmosphere or to the internal combustion engine aftertreatment system.
  • a flue gas heat exchanger that is, the water jacket heat exchanger of the cylinder liner
  • a flue gas heat exchanger is further disposed between the working medium side outlet and the low pressure stage turbine, and the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is connected to the flue gas side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger via the high pressure stage turbine, the smoke The gas side outlet is connected to the atmosphere or to the internal combustion engine aftertreatment system.
  • the recovery of the spent steam energy of the low-pressure stage turbine outlet working medium is realized by adding an intermediate heat exchanger, that is, an intermediate heat exchanger is disposed between the working medium side outlet of the cylinder jacket water heat exchanger and the flue gas heat exchanger.
  • the medium is connected to the low pressure working side of the intermediate heat exchanger and the cooler in turn via the low pressure stage turbine, and the working medium side outlet of the cylinder water heat exchanger is connected to the high pressure work of the intermediate heat exchanger
  • the mass side inlet so that the low pressure working medium of the low pressure stage turbine outlet enters the intermediate heat exchanger and exchanges with the high pressure working medium discharged from the cylinder jacket water heat exchanger to enter the cooler.
  • the working process of the two-stage turbocharging system proposed by the invention is: in the high-speed working condition of the internal combustion engine, the coupling is disconnected, only the high-pressure turbocharger is used to realize the intake supercharging, and the low-pressure stage turbine will be recycled.
  • the residual heat of the internal combustion engine is converted into effective work output or power generation or as an auxiliary power of the vehicle; in the low speed condition of the internal combustion engine, the coupling is connected, and the low-pressure stage turbocharger and the high-pressure stage turbocharger work simultaneously to realize the intake supercharging.
  • the system of the invention integrates a two-stage turbocharger system and an internal combustion engine waste heat recovery system, and a coupling is arranged between the low-pressure stage turbine and the low-pressure stage compressor, and the high-temperature high-pressure working medium after the residual heat of the internal combustion engine is recovered by the waste heat recovery system. Promote the rotation of the low-pressure stage turbine.
  • the coupling is connected to realize the series-type intake supercharging with the high-pressure turbocharger.
  • the coupling is disconnected, and the residual heat of the internal combustion engine is realized by the low-pressure stage turbine. Can be converted into output work.
  • the installation of the system can not only improve the low-speed torque performance of the turbocharged internal combustion engine, but also realize the waste heat utilization of the full working condition of the internal combustion engine, which has significant economic benefits and application prospects.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of a two-stage turbocharger system of the present invention
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of a two-stage turbocharger system according to the present invention
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of a two-stage turbocharger system according to the present invention.
  • Embodiment 4 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of a two-stage turbocharger system according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 5 of the two-stage turbocharger system of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 6 of the two-stage turbocharger system of the present invention.
  • the thin solid line is the air intake path of the internal combustion engine
  • the dotted line is the secondary fluid side path of the intercooler
  • the dotted line is the exhaust path of the internal combustion engine
  • the dotted line is the closed loop path of the cylinder liner of the internal combustion engine
  • the thick solid line is the power cycle of the waste heat recovery system.
  • 1-Internal combustion engine 2-intercooler, 3-high pressure stage compressor, 4-high pressure stage turbine, 5-low pressure stage compressor, 6-low pressure stage turbine, 7-cooler, 8-plast tank, 9-compression Machine, 10-cylinder jacket water heat exchanger, 11-coupling, 12-smoke heat exchanger, 13-intermediate heat exchanger.
  • a two-stage turbocharger system is configured to include an internal combustion engine 1, an intercooler 2, a high-pressure stage turbocharger, and a low-pressure stage turbocharger, the high-pressure stage.
  • the turbocharger is constituted by a coaxially connected high-pressure stage compressor 3 and a high-pressure stage turbine 4;
  • the low-pressure stage turbocharger is composed of a low-pressure stage compressor 5 and a low-pressure stage turbine 6;
  • the high-pressure stage compressor 3 and The low-pressure stage compressor 5 is connected in series, and the high-pressure stage compressor 3 is connected to the internal combustion engine 1 through a charge air side of the intercooler 2, and the low-pressure stage turbine 6 of the two-stage supercharging system is recovered from waste heat.
  • the waste heat recovery system includes a cooler 7 in series, a working tank 8, a compressor 9 and a jacket water heat exchanger 10, and an outlet of the compressor 9 is connected to the cylinder water heat exchanger a working medium side inlet of the cylinder water heat exchanger 10, the working medium side outlet of the cylinder water heat exchanger 10 is connected to the working medium side inlet of the cooler 7 through the low pressure stage turbine 6; the cylinder liner water of the internal combustion engine 1 After passing through the water outlet pipe, the water side of the cylinder liner water entering the cylinder jacket water heat exchanger 10 passes through sufficient heat exchange.
  • the return pipe enters the cylinder liner of the internal combustion engine to form a closed circuit; and a coupling 11 is further disposed between the low-pressure stage turbine 6 and the low-pressure stage compressor 5.
  • the working process of the two-stage turbocharger system of the first embodiment is as follows: the working medium in the working fluid tank 8 is compressed and pressurized by the compressor 9, and then the water in the cylinder water heat exchanger 10 is absorbed in the cylinder water heat exchanger 10 to form a high temperature and high pressure work. The mass gas then expands into the low pressure stage turbine 6 to propel the low pressure stage turbine 6 to rotate. The cylinder liner water of the internal combustion engine enters the internal combustion engine 1 through heat exchange between the jacket water heat exchanger 10 to form a closed loop.
  • the coupling 11 In the low-speed operating condition of the internal combustion engine, the coupling 11 is connected, and the low-pressure stage turbine drives the low-pressure stage compressor to rotate, so that the first-stage supercharging of the intake air is achieved, and the supercharged air immediately enters the high-pressure stage compressor to realize the intake air. Secondary pressurization.
  • the coupling 11 In the high-speed operating condition of the internal combustion engine, the coupling 11 is disconnected, and only the high-pressure stage turbocharger is used to achieve intake supercharging, and the low-pressure stage turbine 6 converts the recovered residual heat of the internal combustion engine into an effective work output or power generation or as a vehicle. Auxiliary power.
  • the feature of the first embodiment is that the low-pressure stage turbine is driven by the high-temperature high-pressure working gas by completely recovering the residual heat of the liner water under the low-speed operating condition, and the high-speed turbocharger is combined to improve the low-speed torque performance of the turbocharger.
  • the function of the waste heat recovery system is utilized to convert the residual heat of the internal combustion engine into an effective work output or power generation or as an auxiliary power of the vehicle.
  • the two-stage turbocharger system of the second embodiment adds the flue gas heat exchanger 12 to the first embodiment to fully
  • the exhaust gas energy of the high-pressure stage turbine 4 outlet engine is recovered, that is, a flue gas heat exchanger 12 is further disposed between the working medium side outlet of the cylinder jacket water heat exchanger 10 and the low-pressure stage turbine 6, and the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1
  • the gas After passing through the high-pressure stage turbine 4, the gas is connected to the flue gas side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 12, and the flue gas side outlet is connected to the atmospheric environment or connected to the internal combustion engine after-treatment system, so that the vortex is exhausted Heat exchange with the working fluid.
  • the working process of the system of the above embodiment 2 is basically the same as that of the first embodiment. The only difference is that the working fluid after absorbing the water energy of the cylinder liner water from the cylinder water heat exchanger 10 enters the flue gas heat exchanger 12 to recover the exhaust of the internal combustion engine. The residual heat energy is then re-expanded into the low-pressure stage turbine 6 to perform work.
  • the system can fully utilize the exhaust energy under high-speed conditions, and further improve the application of the waste heat recovery system under high-speed conditions on the basis of improving the turbocharged low-speed torque performance, and realize the residual heat energy of the internal combustion engine.
  • the efficient use of the internal combustion engine improves the power and economy of the internal combustion engine, and the technical applicability is wide.
  • a two-stage turbocharger system of Embodiment 3 adds the intermediate heat exchanger 13 to the second embodiment, namely: An intermediate heat exchanger 13 is further disposed between the working fluid side outlet of the cylinder water heat exchanger 10 and the flue gas heat exchanger 12, and the working medium is sequentially connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 13 via the low pressure stage turbine 6 a low pressure working fluid side and a cooler 7, the working medium side outlet of the cylinder water heat exchanger 10 is connected to the high pressure working side inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 13, so that the low pressure working of the low pressure stage turbine 6 outlet The medium enters the intermediate heat exchanger 13 and exchanges heat with the high-pressure working fluid discharged from the cylinder water heat exchanger 10 to enter the cooler 7 to realize recovery of the spent steam energy after the expansion work.
  • the working process of the system of Embodiment 3 is basically the same as that of Embodiment 2, the difference is only: the high-pressure working medium after absorbing the water energy of the cylinder liner water from the water-cylinder water heat exchanger 10 first enters the intermediate heat exchanger 13 and then enters the heat exchange of the flue gas.
  • the compressor 12 expands from the low-pressure stage turbine 6 and enters the intermediate heat exchanger 13 and then enters the cooler 7.
  • the characteristic of the embodiment is that: according to the common method for optimizing the performance of the waste heat recovery system, the intermediate heat exchanger is added to increase the output work of the waste heat recovery system, and the further utilization of energy is realized by recovering the spent steam energy of the turbine outlet working medium.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable for working conditions where the output of the residual heat recovery system is significantly improved by adding an intermediate heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of implementing the two-stage turbocharger system of the present invention.
  • the waste heat recovery system is further integrated with the intercooler 2, thereby reducing the original intercooler 2 Increased internal combustion engine power consumption by air cooling or water cooling.
  • the specific structure is: including an internal combustion engine 1, an intercooler 2, a high-pressure stage turbocharger and a low-pressure stage turbocharger, the high-pressure stage turbocharger adopts a coaxial high-pressure stage compressor 3 and a high-pressure stage turbine.
  • the low-pressure stage turbocharger is composed of a low-pressure stage compressor 5 and a low-pressure stage turbine 6; the high-pressure stage compressor 3 is connected in series with the low-pressure stage compressor 5, and the high-pressure stage compressor 3 passes through
  • the charge air side of the intercooler 2 is connected to the internal combustion engine 1, and the low-pressure stage turbine 6 of the two-stage supercharging system is driven by a waste heat recovery system comprising a cooler 7 in series, working medium a tank 8 and a compressor 9, an outlet of the compressor 9 is connected to an inlet of a secondary fluid side of the intercooler 2, and an outlet of the secondary fluid side of the intercooler 2 is connected to the cylinder liner for water exchange a working medium side inlet of the heat exchanger 10, the working medium side outlet of the cylinder water heat exchanger 10 is connected to the working medium side inlet of the cooler 7 through the low pressure stage turbine 6; the cylinder of the internal combustion engine 1 After the water passes through the water outlet pipe, the water side of the cylinder liner water heat exchanger 10
  • the working process of the system of Embodiment 4 is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the high-pressure working medium compressed and pressurized by the compressor 9 first enters the intercooler 2, absorbs the high-temperature air energy after the supercharging, and then enters the cylinder liner water exchange.
  • the heater 10 implements further integration of the two-stage turbocharger system with the waste heat recovery system.
  • the feature of the fourth embodiment is that an intercooler is usually installed in the engine boosting system to reduce the temperature of the high temperature air after boosting, increase the intake air amount, and obtain a larger output power.
  • Common intercoolers are classified into air-cooled and water-cooled. Air-cooled fan power consumption and water-cooled cylinder liner pump power consumption add power loss to the internal combustion engine. After adopting the system described in Embodiment 4, the charge air in the intercooler is directly cooled by the waste heat recovery system working medium, which reduces the power consumption of the internal combustion engine.
  • a flue gas heat exchanger 12 is further disposed between the working medium side outlet of the cylinder water heat exchanger 10 and the low pressure stage turbine 6, and the internal combustion engine 1
  • the exhaust gas is connected to the flue gas side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 12 via the high pressure stage turbine 4, and the flue gas side outlet is connected to the atmospheric environment or to the internal combustion engine aftertreatment system.
  • an intermediate heat exchanger 13 is further disposed between the working medium side outlet of the cylinder water heat exchanger 10 and the flue gas heat exchanger 12, and the working medium is
  • the low pressure stage turbine 6 is sequentially connected to the low pressure working side of the intermediate heat exchanger 13 and the cooler 7, and the working medium side outlet of the cylinder water heat exchanger 10 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 13
  • the high pressure working medium side inlet so that the low pressure working medium of the outlet of the low pressure stage turbine 6 enters the intermediate heat exchanger 13 and exchanges with the high pressure working medium discharged from the cylinder water heat exchanger 10 to enter the cooler. 7.
  • the working process and features of Embodiment 6 are combined with Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4 described above, and are not described herein again.
  • the working fluid of the waste heat recovery system is any one of water, CO 2 and CO 2 -based non-azeotropic mixed working fluid.
  • the system of the present invention drives the low pressure stage turbine 6 through a waste heat recovery system, and a coupling 11 is provided between the low pressure stage turbine 6 and the low pressure stage compressor 5.
  • the coupling 11 In the low-speed working condition of the internal combustion engine 1, the coupling 11 is connected, and the low-pressure stage turbine 6 is powered by the residual heat of the cylinder liner, and the intake boosting is realized by the two-stage turbocharging; the coupling 11 is in the high-speed working condition of the internal combustion engine 1 Disconnected, the intake pressure is only supercharged by the high-pressure stage turbine 4, and the cylinder jacket water, exhaust gas, charge air, and working fluid consumption energy are converted into effective work output or power generation or as a vehicle through the low-pressure stage turbine 6 Auxiliary power.
  • the system can not only solve the problem of low speed torque of turbocharged internal combustion engine, improve the low speed power of internal combustion engine, but also eliminate the original radiator fan, reduce energy loss, and use the waste heat recovery system for vehicle thermal management, which can realize the residual heat of the internal combustion engine under full working condition. Effective recycling of energy to improve fuel economy of internal combustion engines.
  • the compressor 9 and the cooler 7 are different depending on the type of working medium used in the waste heat recovery system. It may be deformed into a working fluid pump and a condenser.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de turbocompresseur à deux étages comprenant un moteur à combustion interne (1), un refroidisseur intermédiaire (2), un turbocompresseur à étage à haute pression et un turbocompresseur à étage à basse pression. Le turbocompresseur à étage à haute pression est constitué d'un compresseur de gaz à étage à haute pression (3) et d'une turbine à étage à haute pression (4) qui sont raccordées de manière coaxiale. Le turbocompresseur à étage à basse pression est constitué d'un compresseur de gaz à étage basse pression (5) et d'une turbine à étage basse pression (6). La turbine à étage à basse pression (6) du système de turbocompression à deux étages est entraînée par un système de récupération de chaleur perdue. L'eau de refroidissement du moteur à combustion interne (1) entre dans un côté eau de refroidissement d'un échangeur de chaleur d'eau de refroidissement (10) au moyen d'un tuyau de sortie d'eau, puis entre dans une chemise de cylindre du moteur à combustion interne (1) au moyen d'un tuyau de retour d'eau après un échange de chaleur suffisant. Un accouplement (11) est en outre disposé entre la turbine à étage à basse pression (6) et le compresseur de gaz à étage à basse pression (5). Le système améliore non seulement les performances de puissance à faible vitesse du moteur à combustion interne, mais met également en œuvre une récupération et une utilisation efficaces d'énergie thermique perdue dans un état de fonctionnement complet du moteur à combustion interne, ce qui permet d'améliorer l'efficacité économique du carburant du moteur à combustion interne.
PCT/CN2018/091995 2018-04-03 2018-06-20 Système de turbocompresseur à deux étages WO2019192078A1 (fr)

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CN110985230B (zh) * 2019-12-16 2021-03-16 西安交通大学 一种汽车废热回收利用系统及其操作方法

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