WO2019184835A1 - 三相异步电机起动装置及其起动方法 - Google Patents

三相异步电机起动装置及其起动方法 Download PDF

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WO2019184835A1
WO2019184835A1 PCT/CN2019/079382 CN2019079382W WO2019184835A1 WO 2019184835 A1 WO2019184835 A1 WO 2019184835A1 CN 2019079382 W CN2019079382 W CN 2019079382W WO 2019184835 A1 WO2019184835 A1 WO 2019184835A1
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switch
phase
electromagnetic switch
terminal
winding
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PCT/CN2019/079382
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French (fr)
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王爱元
叶建财
林德松
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上海特波电机有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/26—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
    • H02P25/188—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays wherein the motor windings are switched from series to parallel or vice versa to control speed or torque

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  • the present invention relates to motor technology, and more particularly to a three-phase asynchronous motor starting device and a method for starting the same.
  • the three-phase cage asynchronous motor has the defects of large starting current and starting torque. Therefore, the existing three-phase cage asynchronous motor generally adopts stator winding series resistance (or series reactor), transformer step-down, and star-delta start. And other methods to reduce the starting current and starting torque, so as to avoid a large impact on the power grid and equipment when the motor starts.
  • stator winding series resistance When the stator winding series resistance starts, it is necessary to use a special starting resistor, which consumes a certain amount of active power during the starting process, and the starting of the stator winding series reactor requires a special starting reactor, which consumes a certain amount during the starting process. Power factor, the power factor of the grid will also decrease.
  • the transformer When the transformer is stepped down, it needs to be equipped with a special three-phase autotransformer. After the motor is started, the transformer is cut off. The initial investment of the equipment is large, and the control circuit is also complicated.
  • the star-delta-start asynchronous motor requires that the three-phase windings are triangularly connected during normal operation of the motor.
  • the two terminals of each phase winding are connected to the outside of the motor.
  • the starting current and starting torque are both 1/3 of the direct starting.
  • the phase difference between the phase voltage and the line voltage is 150°, the current in the winding is usually reversed and interrupted, there is an arc at the terminal, and there is a secondary impact of current and torque. .
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a three-phase asynchronous motor starting device with a small starting current and less impact on the power grid and the load, and a starting method thereof.
  • the present invention provides a three-phase asynchronous motor starting device, comprising a three-phase winding, characterized in that: further comprising a three-phase power switch and a switch;
  • Each of the three-phase windings includes a first electromagnetic switch, a second electromagnetic switch, a third electromagnetic switch, a first coil group, and a second coil group; both ends of the first coil group constitute the winding The first terminal and the second terminal, the two ends of the second coil group constitute a third terminal and a fourth terminal of the winding; wherein the second terminal is connected to the third terminal through the first electromagnetic switch, The third terminal is connected to the first terminal through the second electromagnetic switch, and the fourth terminal is connected to the second terminal through the third electromagnetic switch;
  • the first terminal of each phase winding is connected to the three-phase power supply through a three-phase power switch, and the fourth terminals of each phase winding are connected in series;
  • the switch is a single-pole double-throw switch, and the control coil of the first electromagnetic switch of each phase winding is connected to the two-phase power supply through the first contact of the switch, the three-phase power switch, and the second electromagnetic switch of each phase winding and The control coil of the third electromagnetic switch is connected to the two-phase power supply via the second contact of the switch and the three-phase power switch.
  • the three-phase power switch When the motor starts the starting phase, the three-phase power switch is closed, and the switch is switched to the first contact being in a closed conducting state, so that the first electromagnetic switch of each phase winding is closed;
  • the switch When the rotational speed of the motor reaches 90% of the rated rotational speed, the switch is switched to the second contact being in a closed conducting state, so that the second electromagnetic switch and the third electromagnetic switch of each phase winding are closed.
  • the three-phase asynchronous motor starting device and the starting method thereof provided by the invention, through the control of the switching switch and the electromagnetic switch in each phase winding, in the starting process of the motor, the two coil groups in each phase winding are connected in series and then in parallel, having The characteristics of starting current and torque are small, and the coil group connection mode is switched instantaneously, the applied voltage phase is unchanged, the current fluctuation is small, the torque is uninterrupted, and the impact on the power grid and the load is small.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a three-phase asynchronous motor starting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a three-phase asynchronous motor starting device includes a three-phase winding, and the three-phase winding is composed of a U-phase winding RU, a V-phase winding RV, and a W-phase winding RW.
  • the utility model is characterized in that: a three-phase power switch QF and a switch QS are also included;
  • Each of the three-phase windings includes a first electromagnetic switch K1, a second electromagnetic switch K2, a third electromagnetic switch K3, a first coil group L1, and a second coil group L2; wherein the first coil group L1 The two ends constitute the first terminal t1 and the second terminal t2 of the winding, and the two ends of the second coil group L2 constitute a third terminal t3 and a fourth terminal t4 of the winding; wherein the second terminal t2 The third terminal t3 is connected to the third terminal t3 through the first electromagnetic switch K1, the third terminal t3 is connected to the first terminal t1 through the second electromagnetic switch K2, and the fourth terminal t4 is connected to the second terminal t2 through the third electromagnetic switch K3;
  • the first terminal t1 of each phase winding is connected to the three-phase power supply through the three-phase power switch QF, and the fourth terminal t4 of each phase winding is connected in series;
  • the switch QS is a single-pole double-throw switch, and the control coil KM1 of the first electromagnetic switch K1 of each phase winding is connected to the two-phase power supply through the first contact of the switch QS and the three-phase power switch QF, and the phase windings of each phase
  • the control coils KM2 and KM3 of the second electromagnetic switch K2 and the third electromagnetic switch K3 are connected to the two-phase power supply via the second contact of the switch QS and the three-phase power switch QF.
  • the first coil group L1 and the second coil group L2 in the same phase winding are two sets of coils that are electrically completely symmetrical, and are connected in series to the main circuit when the motor is in normal operation.
  • the first electromagnetic switch K1, the second electromagnetic switch K2 and the third electromagnetic switch K3 are respectively composed of normally open contacts of three three-phase contactors; in the embodiment of the invention, the second phase of each phase winding
  • the electromagnetic switch K2 and the third electromagnetic switch K3 may also be controlled by the same control coil.
  • six of the six-pole single-throw electromagnetic switches are respectively used as the second electromagnetic switch and the third electromagnetic switch in each phase winding.
  • the three-phase power switch QF When the motor starts to start, the three-phase power switch QF is closed, the first contact of the switch QS is in a closed conduction state, and the second contact of the switch QS is in an open state, so that the first phase of each phase winding
  • the control coil KM1 of the electromagnetic switch K1 is energized, and the second electromagnetic switch K2 of each phase winding and the control coils KM2, KM3 of the third electromagnetic switch K3 are de-energized, so that the first electromagnetic switch K1 of each phase winding is closed, and each phase The second electromagnetic switch K2 and the third electromagnetic switch K3 of the winding are disconnected.
  • the first coil group L1 and the second coil group L2 are in a series relationship, and the starting current and the torque are relatively small;
  • the control switch QS When the motor speed is close to the normal running speed (ie, the motor speed reaches 90% of the rated speed), the control switch QS performs a switching action to switch the first contact of the switch QS to the open state, and the switch The second contact of the QS is switched to the closed conducting state, at which time the control coil KM1 of the first electromagnetic switch K1 of each phase winding is de-energized, and the second electromagnetic switch K2 and the third electromagnetic switch K3 of each phase winding are The control coils KM2, KM3 are energized such that the first electromagnetic switch K1 of each phase winding is disconnected, and the second electromagnetic switch K2 and the third electromagnetic switch K3 of each phase winding are closed, at this time in each phase winding, first The coil group L1 and the second coil group L2 are in a parallel relationship, which is a connection during normal operation of the motor, and the current direction in each coil group remains unchanged at the switching instant, but the applied voltage is doubled, so the current fluctuation is small.
  • the torque is uninterrupted,

Abstract

一种三相异步电机起动装置及其起动方法，涉及电机技术领域，所解决的是改善电机起动性能的技术问题。该装置包括三相绕组、三相电源开关、切换开关；每一相绕组都包括第一电磁开关、第二电磁开关、第三电磁开关、第一线圈组、第二线圈组；其中的第一线圈组与第二线圈组通过第一电磁开关实现串联，第一线圈组与第二线圈组通过第二电磁开关、第三电磁开关实现并联；在电机起动时，利用切换开关及各个电磁开关的配合，控制每相绕组中的两个线圈组先串联、再并联。本发明提供的装置及方法，能够减小电机起动电流及其对电网的冲击，冲击转矩小，二次冲击也小。

Description

三相异步电机起动装置及其起动方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电机技术，特别是涉及一种三相异步电机起动装置及其起动方法的技术。
背景技术
三相笼型异步电机存在着起动电流及起动转矩大的缺陷，因此现有的三相笼型异步电机一般采用定子绕组串电阻(或串电抗器)、变压器降压、星形-三角形起动等方法，以减小起动电流及起动转矩，从而避免电机起动时对电网及设备产生较大的冲击。
定子绕组串电阻起动，需要采用专用的起动电阻，在起动过程中要消耗一定的有功功率，而定子绕组串电抗器的起动，需要采用专用的起动电抗器，在起动过程中要消耗一定的无功功率，电网的功率因数也会降低。
变压器降压起动，需要配备专用的三相自耦变压器，在电机起动后再切除变压器，设备初期投资大，控制线路也较复杂。
星形-三角形起动的异步电动机要求电动机正常运行时三相绕组为三角形联结，每相绕组的两个接线端连到电机外部，起动电流和起动转矩均为直接起动时的1/3。两种联结方式的切换瞬间，由于相电压和线电压之间相位差为150°电角度，因此绕组中的电流通常会反向、中断，接线端存在电弧，存在电流和转矩的二次冲击。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种起动电流小，而且对电网及负载的冲击小的三相异步电机起动装置及其起动方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所提供的一种三相异步电机起动装置，包括三相绕组，其特征在于：还包括三相电源开关、切换开关；
所述三相绕组中，每一相绕组都包括第一电磁开关、第二电磁开关、第三电 磁开关、第一线圈组、第二线圈组；其中的第一线圈组的两端构成该绕组的第一接线端、第二接线端，第二线圈组的两端构成该绕组的第三接线端、第四接线端；其中的第二接线端通过第一电磁开关接第三接线端，第三接线端通过第二电磁开关接第一接线端，第四接线端通过第三电磁开关接第二接线端；
各相绕组的第一接线端通过三相电源开关接到三相电源，各相绕组的第四接线端相互串接；
所述切换开关为单刀双掷开关，各相绕组的第一电磁开关的控制线圈经切换开关的第一路触点、三相电源开关接到两相电源，各相绕组的第二电磁开关及第三电磁开关的控制线圈经切换开关的第二路触点、三相电源开关接到两相电源。
本发明所提供的三相异步电机起动装置的起动方法，其特征在于：
电机开始起动阶段时，三相电源开关闭合，切换开关切换至第一路触点处于闭合导通状态，使得各相绕组的第一电磁开关闭合；
当电机的转速达到额定转速的90％时，切换开关切换至第二路触点处于闭合导通状态，使得各相绕组的第二电磁开关及第三电磁开关闭合。
本发明提供的三相异步电机起动装置及其起动方法，通过切换开关及各相绕组中的电磁开关的控制，在电机起动过程中，每相绕组中的两个线圈组先串联再并联，具有起动电流和转矩小的特点，而且线圈组连接方式切换瞬间，外加电压相位不变，电流波动小、转矩不间断，具有对电网、负载冲击小的优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的三相异步电机起动装置的电路图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图说明对本发明的实施例作进一步详细描述，但本实施例并不用于限制本发明，凡是采用本发明的相似结构及其相似变化，均应列入本发明的保护范围，本发明中的顿号均表示和的关系。
如图1所示，本发明实施例所提供的一种三相异步电机起动装置，包括三相绕组，所述三相绕组由U相绕组RU、V相绕组RV、W相绕组RW构成，其特征在 于：还包括三相电源开关QF、切换开关QS；
所述三相绕组中，每一相绕组都包括第一电磁开关K1、第二电磁开关K2、第三电磁开关K3、第一线圈组L1、第二线圈组L2；其中的第一线圈组L1的两端构成该绕组的第一接线端t1、第二接线端t2，第二线圈组L2的两端构成该绕组的第三接线端t3、第四接线端t4；其中的第二接线端t2通过第一电磁开关K1接第三接线端t3，第三接线端t3通过第二电磁开关K2接第一接线端t1，第四接线端t4通过第三电磁开关K3接第二接线端t2；
各相绕组的第一接线端t1通过三相电源开关QF接到三相电源，各相绕组的第四接线端t4相互串接；
所述切换开关QS为单刀双掷开关，各相绕组的第一电磁开关K1的控制线圈KM1经切换开关QS的第一路触点、三相电源开关QF接到两相电源，各相绕组的第二电磁开关K2及第三电磁开关K3的控制线圈KM2、KM3经切换开关QS的第二路触点、三相电源开关QF接到两相电源。
本发明实施例中，同一相绕组中的第一线圈组L1、第二线圈组L2是电气上完全对称的两组线圈组，在电机正常运行时串联接入主电路。
本发明实施例中，第一电磁开关K1、第二电磁开关K2和第三电磁开关K3分别由3个三相接触器的常开触点构成；本发明实施例中，各相绕组的第二电磁开关K2及第三电磁开关K3也可以是由同一个控制线圈控制的，比如采用六刀单掷电磁开关中的六路触点分别作为各相绕组中的第二电磁开关、第三电磁开关。
本发明实施例的工作原理如下：
电机开始起动阶段时，三相电源开关QF闭合，切换开关QS的第一路触点处于闭合导通状态，而切换开关QS的第二路触点则处于断路状态，使得各相绕组的第一电磁开关K1的控制线圈KM1得电，而各相绕组的第二电磁开关K2及第三电磁开关K3的控制线圈KM2、KM3失电，使得各相绕组的第一电磁开关K1闭合，而各相绕组的第二电磁开关K2及第三电磁开关K3断开，此时在每一相绕组中，第一线圈组L1、第二线圈组L2为串联关系，起动电流和转矩相对较小；
当电机的转速接近正常运行的转速(即：电机的转速达到额定转速的90％)时，控制切换开关QS作出切换动作，使切换开关QS的第一路触点切换至断路状态，而切换开关QS的第二路触点则切换至闭合导通状态，此时各相绕组的第一 电磁开关K1的控制线圈KM1失电，而各相绕组的第二电磁开关K2及第三电磁开关K3的控制线圈KM2、KM3得电，使得各相绕组的第一电磁开关K1断开，而各相绕组的第二电磁开关K2及第三电磁开关K3闭合，此时在每一相绕组中，第一线圈组L1、第二线圈组L2为并联关系，为电机正常运行时的连接，各个线圈组中的电流方向在切换瞬间保持不变，只是外加电压变为2倍的关系，因此电流波动小、转矩不间断，随后电流和转矩接近额定值，完成电机的起动。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种三相异步电机起动装置，包括三相绕组，其特征在于：还包括三相电源开关、切换开关；
    所述三相绕组中，每一相绕组都包括第一电磁开关、第二电磁开关、第三电磁开关、第一线圈组、第二线圈组；其中的第一线圈组的两端构成该绕组的第一接线端、第二接线端，第二线圈组的两端构成该绕组的第三接线端、第四接线端；其中的第二接线端通过第一电磁开关接第三接线端，第三接线端通过第二电磁开关接第一接线端，第四接线端通过第三电磁开关接第二接线端；
    各相绕组的第一接线端通过三相电源开关接到三相电源，各相绕组的第四接线端相互串接；
    所述切换开关为单刀双掷开关，各相绕组的第一电磁开关的控制线圈经切换开关的第一路触点、三相电源开关接到两相电源，各相绕组的第二电磁开关及第三电磁开关的控制线圈经切换开关的第二路触点、三相电源开关接到两相电源。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三相异步电机起动装置的起动方法，其特征在于：
    电机开始起动阶段时，三相电源开关闭合，切换开关切换至第一路触点处于闭合导通状态，使得各相绕组的第一电磁开关闭合；
    当电机的转速达到额定转速的90％时，切换开关切换至第二路触点处于闭合导通状态，使得各相绕组的第二电磁开关及第三电磁开关闭合。
PCT/CN2019/079382 2018-03-26 2019-03-22 三相异步电机起动装置及其起动方法 WO2019184835A1 (zh)

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CN109301965A (zh) * 2018-10-25 2019-02-01 北京精密机电控制设备研究所 一种电磁结构可变的电机及其控制方法

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