WO2019180533A1 - Insecticide as safener to herbicide - Google Patents

Insecticide as safener to herbicide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019180533A1
WO2019180533A1 PCT/IB2019/051890 IB2019051890W WO2019180533A1 WO 2019180533 A1 WO2019180533 A1 WO 2019180533A1 IB 2019051890 W IB2019051890 W IB 2019051890W WO 2019180533 A1 WO2019180533 A1 WO 2019180533A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insecticide
combination
cypermethrin
cyhalothrin
clomazone
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PCT/IB2019/051890
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Danie Martini SANCHOTENE
Carlos Eduardo FABRI
Rafael Henrique Alves PEREIRA
Ferdinando Marcos LIMA SILVA
Jaidev Rajnikant Shroff
Vikram Rajnikant Shroff
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Upl Ltd
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Application filed by Upl Ltd filed Critical Upl Ltd
Priority to BR112020022744-7A priority Critical patent/BR112020022744A2/en
Publication of WO2019180533A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019180533A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/32—Ingredients for reducing the noxious effect of the active substances to organisms other than pests, e.g. toxicity reducing compositions, self-destructing compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/24—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing the groups, or; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to use of a pyrethroid insecticide and/or neonicotinoid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
  • the present invention relates to the method of reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with herbicide using an insecticide selected from group of neonicotinoid insecticide and/or pyrethroid insecticides.
  • Herbicide injury is usually the result of the person making the application. It normally happens while not following the directions on the label as carefully as one should. farmers tend to use more herbicide than the label instructs or can be careless and spray during windy conditions or wave the wand around so that the spray drifts onto non-target plants.
  • plant damage is“phytotoxicity” and it can be caused by pesticides, nutrients, or physical and environmental damage (wind, sun, hail, etc.). Often the identity of the herbicide can be determined by the injury symptoms on the plants. Symptoms can be divided into 5 main categories: leaf and shoot malformations, root and shoot stunting, leaf spotting, leaf chlorosis (yellowing), and leaf necrosis (death).
  • clomazone The compound 2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone, also known as "clomazone", is a potent herbicide as evidenced by its ability to control, for full growing seasons and at low application rates.
  • clomazone is phytotoxic to other crops when applied at rates effective to control undesired vegetation, such contact resulting from drift to adjacent fields planted with low tolerance crops or from carryover when soybean fields treated with clomazone are rotated to a crop sensitive to clomazone.
  • Pigment inhibitors prevent plants from forming photosynthetic pigments. As a result, the affected plant parts become white to translucent.
  • Clomazone a soil-applied herbicide
  • Command is taken up by plant roots and shoots and can move in the xylem to plant leaves. The newly developed foliage of many plant species is so sensitive to Command that very small amounts can whiten new plant growth.
  • Norflurazon Zorial
  • Zorial a soil-applied herbicide
  • WO 1989006492 A1 discloses a method of controlling undesirable vegetation at locus by applying to the locus clomazone and, as an antidote to clomazone, a safening amount of at least one organophosphorus compound.
  • the present invention may provide use of a pyrethroid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
  • the present invention may provide use of a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
  • the present invention may provide use of a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
  • the present invention may provide a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of a herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide, the method comprising treating the crop with the herbicide in combination with at least one pyrethroid insecticide.
  • the present invention may provide a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of a herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide, the method comprising treating the crop with at least one herbicide in combination with a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide.
  • the present invention may provide a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of a herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide, the method comprising treating the crop and/or seed with at least one herbicide in combination with a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one herbicide and at least one pyrethroid insecticide.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one herbicide, at least one pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide. In another aspect, the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one herbicide, at least one pyrethroid insecticide, and at least another insecticide selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide.
  • safener is defined as substances which reduce or prevent the phytotoxic effect of crop protectants specifically herbicide, on plants treated therewith and/or on plants whose seeds and/or growth substrate have been treated or are treated therewith.
  • safener means a pyrethroid insecticide or a combination of a pyrethroid insecticide with a neonicotinoid insecticide or a thiazole insecticide or a thiazolidine insecticide.
  • herbicide is used herein to mean an active ingredient that kills, controls or otherwise adversely modifies the growth of unwanted plants.
  • An herbicidally effective or vegetation controlling amount is an amount of active ingredient which causes an adversely modifying effect and includes deviations from natural development, killing, regulation, desiccation, retardation, and the like.
  • seed represents all types of plant propagation material. It comprises seeds in the actual sense, grains, fruits, tubers, the rhizome, spores, cuttings, slips, meristem tissue, individual plant cells and any form of plant tissue from which a complete plant can be grown. Preferably, it takes the form of seed in the actual sense.
  • phytotoxicity means unintended herbicidal effect on a plant of interest resulting in significant damage to the plant.
  • the present invention relates to use of a pyrethroid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
  • the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha- cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dim
  • the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is lambda-cyhalothrin.
  • the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is bifenthrin.
  • the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is cypermethrin.
  • the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is permethrin.
  • the present invention provides use of a pyrethroid insecticide in a combination with at least another insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
  • said another insecticide is selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
  • the neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, nithiazine, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, paichongding, and thiacloprid.
  • the preferred neonicotinoid insecticide is thiamethoxam.
  • the preferred neonicotinoid insecticide is imidacloprid. In an embodiment, the preferred neonicotinoid insecticide is acetamiprid.
  • the preferred neonicotinoid insecticide is thiacloprid.
  • the preferred neonicotinoid insecticide is clothianidin.
  • the thiazole insecticide is selected from clothianidin and imidaclothiz.
  • the thiazolidine insecticide is selected from tazimcarb and thiacloprid.
  • the phytotoxically active herbicides are preferably selected from 2,4-D esters and amines, 2,4-MCPA, acetochlor, acifluorfen, clomazone, aclonifen, AE0172747, alachlor, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, aminotriazole, ammonium thiocyanate, anilifos, azimsulfuron, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, benthiocarb, benzobicyclon, bifenox, bispyribac-sodium, butachlor, butafenacil, butralin, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorflurenol, chlorimuron, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl
  • the present invention relates to use of a pyrethroid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide selected from the group consisting of 2,4-D esters and amines, 2,4-MCPA, acetochlor, acifluorfen, clomazone, aclonifen, AE0172747, alachlor, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, aminotriazole, ammonium thiocyanate, anilifos, azimsulfuron, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, benthiocarb, benzobicyclon, bifenox, bispyribac-sodium, butachlor, butafenacil, butralin, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorflurenol, chlorimuron, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clopyralid, cloransulam-
  • the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa- bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin
  • the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is clomazone.
  • the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is acifluorfen.
  • the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is bensulfuron-methyl.
  • the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is carfentrazone-ethyl. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is diflufenican. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is fluroxypyr.
  • the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is fomesafen.
  • the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is glufosinate.
  • the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is glyphosate.
  • the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is halosulfuron.
  • the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is imazamethabenz n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is imazamox. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is imazapic.
  • the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is imazapyr.
  • the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is imazaquin. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is imazethapyr. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is mefenacet. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is mesotrione. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is metolachlor. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is metribuzin. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is napropamide. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is pendimethalin. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is pretilachlor. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is pyrazosulfuron.
  • the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is quinclorac. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is saflufenacil. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is S-metolachlor. In an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is sulfentrazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of a pyrethroid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin
  • the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is lambda-cyhalothrin.
  • the present invention provides the use of lambda- cyhalothrin for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides use of a pyrethroid insecticide in a combination with at least another insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with at least another insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta
  • said another insecticide is selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with at least one neonicotinoid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, beta-
  • the present invention provides the use of bifenthrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of bifenthrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of bifenthrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of bifenthrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of cyhalothrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of cyhalothrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of cyhalothrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of cyhalothrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of gamma-cyhalothrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of gamma-cyhalothrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of gamma-cyhalothrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of gamma-cyhalothrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of lambda-cyhalothrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of lambda-cyhalothrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of lambda-cyhalothrin in an amount of about 37.5 g/L in combination with thiamethoxam in an amount of about 210 g/L for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of lambda-cyhalothrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of lambda-cyhalothrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of cypermethrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of cypermethrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of cypermethrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of cypermethrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of alpha-cypermethrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of alpha-cypermethrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of alpha-cypermethrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of alpha-cypermethrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of beta-cypermethrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of beta-cypermethrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of beta-cypermethrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of beta-cypermethrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of permethrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of permethrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of permethrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of permethrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides the use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with a thiazole insecticide selected from clothianidin and imidaclothiz for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin,
  • the present invention provides the use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with a thiazolidine insecticide selected from tazimcarb and thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cyperme
  • the preferred herbicide is clomazone.
  • the present invention provides use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with a neonicotinoid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides use of a lambda cyhalothrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • certain pyrethroid insecticide are combined with clomazone either by admixture prior to application, or by separate application.
  • the combined application not only safens the crops against phytotoxic effects of clomazone but also combats insects and other pests to which the crops may be subject.
  • the present invention may provide a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide, the method comprising treating the crop with at least one pyrethroid insecticide.
  • the pyrethroid insecticide is selected form acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin,
  • the present invention may provide a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide, the method comprising treating the crop with a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide.
  • the present invention may provide a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide, said method comprising treating the crop and/or seed with at least one herbicide in combination with a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide selected from a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide.
  • the neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, nithiazine, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, paichongding, thiacloprid preferbaly thiamethoxam.
  • the thiazole insecticide is selected from clothianidin and imidaclothiz,
  • the thiazolidine insecticide is selected from tazimcarb and thiacloprid.
  • the phytotoxically active herbicides are preferably selected from 2,4-D esters and amines, 2,4-MCPA, acetochlor, acifluorfen, clomazone, aclonifen, AE0172747, alachlor, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, aminotriazole, ammonium thiocyanate, anilifos, azimsulfuron, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, benthiocarb, benzobicyclon, bifenox, bispyribac-sodium, butachlor, butafenacil, butralin, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorflurenol, chlorimuron, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl
  • the present invention provides use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with neonicotinoid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the present invention provides use of a lambda cyhalothrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
  • the preferred crop wherein the phytotoxicity of clomazone is reduce is selected from soybean, maize, wheat, triticale, rye, oats, barley, oilseed rape, millet/sorghum, rice, sunflower, cotton, sugar beet, stone fruit, pome fruit, citrus fruit, banana, strawberry, blueberry, almond, grape, mango, pawpaw, peanut, potato, tomato, capsicum, cucumber, pumpkin/squash, melon, watermelon, garlic, onion, carrot, cabbage, bean, vegetable pea and fodder pea, lentil, lucerne, clover, flax, elephant grass (Miscanthus), grass, lettuce, sugar cane, tea, tobacco and coffee.
  • the plants can be non-transgenic or transgenic in nature.
  • herbicide and the safener insecticides of the present invention are formulated and applied in accordance with procedures standard in herbicidal treatments as modified by the labels established for each of the active ingredients.
  • the herbicides and the safener are applied in dilute form with an agriculturally acceptable, relatively inert, solid or liquid carrier to the locus where herbicidal effect and safening are needed.
  • the formulation and mode of application of an agricultural chemical may affect activity in a given application, the herbicide and safener may be formulated separately or in admixture as emulsifiable concentrates (EC's), as granules preferably of relatively large particle size, as wettable powders, as solutions or suspensions, or in other forms.
  • EC's emulsifiable concentrates
  • the safener is applied prior to application of the clomazone, typically in a preemergent, post emergent or pre-plant incorporated manner, alone or as a tank mix with herbicide.
  • the safener according to the present invention may also be applied to seeds of crops prior to or simultaneously with planting.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one herbicide and at least one pyrethroid insecticide. In another aspect, the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one herbicide, at least one pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one herbicide, at least one pyrethroid insecticide, and at least another insecticide selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide.
  • the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha- cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dim
  • the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is lambda-cyhalothrin.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide, at least another insecticide and a herbicide.
  • said another insecticide is selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide.
  • the neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, nithiazine, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, paichongding, and thiacloprid.
  • the preferred neonicotinoid insecticide is thiamethoxam.
  • the thiazole insecticide is selected from clothianidin and imidaclothiz.
  • the thiazolidine insecticide is selected from tazimcarb and thiacloprid.
  • the phytotoxically active herbicides are preferably selected from 2,4-D esters and amines, 2,4-MCPA, acetochlor, acifluorfen, clomazone, aclonifen, AE0172747, alachlor, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, aminotriazole, ammonium thiocyanate, anilifos, azimsulfuron, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, benthiocarb, benzobicyclon, bifenox, bispyribac-sodium, butachlor, butafenacil, butralin, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorflurenol, chlorimuron, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide and a herbicide selected from the group consisting of 2,4- D esters and amines, 2,4-MCPA, acetochlor, acifluorfen, clomazone, aclonifen, AE0172747, alachlor, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, aminotriazole, ammonium thiocyanate, anilifos, azimsulfuron, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, benthiocarb, benzobicyclon, bifenox, bispyribac-sodium, butachlor, butafenacil, butralin, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorflurenol, chlorimuron, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, cyclosul
  • the preferred herbicide is clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide and clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta- cypermethrin, zeta
  • the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is lambda-cyhalothrin.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising lambda-cyhalothrin and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide, at least another insecticide and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide, at least another insecticide and clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin
  • said another insecticide is selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide, at least one neonicotinoid insecticide and clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa- bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-
  • the neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, nithiazine, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, paichongding, and thiacloprid.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising bifenthrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising bifenthrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising bifenthrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising bifenthrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising cyhalothrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising cyhalothrin, acetamiprid and clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising cyhalothrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising gamma-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising gamma-cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising gamma-cyhalothrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising gamma-cyhalothrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid and clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising lambda-cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising lambda-cyhalothrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising lambda-cyhalothrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising cypermethrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising cypermethrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising cypermethrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising cypermethrin, thiacloprid and clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising alpha- cypermethrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising alpha- cypermethrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising alpha- cypermethrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising alpha- cypermethrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising beta- cypermethrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising beta- cypermethrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising beta- cypermethrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising beta- cypermethrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising permethrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising permethrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising permethrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising permethrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising a thiazole insecticide selected from clothianidin and imidaclothiz; clomazone; and a pyrethroid insecticide selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cyperme
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising a thiazolidine insecticide selected from tazimcarb and thiacloprid; clomazone; and a pyrethroid insecticide selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-
  • the preferred herbicide is clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one pyrethroid insecticide, at least one neonicotinoid insecticide and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one pyrethroid insecticide; thiamethoxam and clomazone.
  • the present invention provides a combination comprising lambda cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
  • one or more aspects may include:
  • (ix) a combination comprising at least one herbicide, at least one pyrethroid insecticide, and at least another insecticide selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide.
  • the phytotoxic herbicide of the present invention may be used in the presence of, or combined with, at least another insecticide, or with at least two other insecticides.
  • the insecticide(s) when combined with the phytotoxic herbicides, safen the crop against the phytotoxic effect of these herbicides.
  • Thiamethoxam formulation Cruiser 350 FS was applied at 480mL/per 100 kg of seeds, while lambda-cyhalothrin formulation was applied at 600ml_/per 100 kg of seeds. Their combination was also applied for seed treatment at the same dosage rates. Clomazone was applied to the resulting rice crop at 1.4 L/Ha. The percentage phytotoxicity was measured and tabulated as hereunder:
  • the percentage phytotoxicity observed for each treatment was substracted from the untreated phytotoxicity values to arrive at the percentage phytotoxicity reduction for each treatment.

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Abstract

Use of a pyrethroid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in a herbicide and combinations therefor.

Description

INSECTICIDE AS SAFENER TO HERBICIDE
FIELD OF INVENTION:
The present invention relates to use of a pyrethroid insecticide and/or neonicotinoid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide. The present invention relates to the method of reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with herbicide using an insecticide selected from group of neonicotinoid insecticide and/or pyrethroid insecticides.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Weeds are a nuisance in most landscapes and sometimes the herbicides used to control the weeds end up injuring some of ornamental plants. Herbicide injury is usually the result of the person making the application. It normally happens while not following the directions on the label as carefully as one should. Farmers tend to use more herbicide than the label instructs or can be careless and spray during windy conditions or wave the wand around so that the spray drifts onto non-target plants.
The term for plant damage is“phytotoxicity” and it can be caused by pesticides, nutrients, or physical and environmental damage (wind, sun, hail, etc.). Often the identity of the herbicide can be determined by the injury symptoms on the plants. Symptoms can be divided into 5 main categories: leaf and shoot malformations, root and shoot stunting, leaf spotting, leaf chlorosis (yellowing), and leaf necrosis (death).
The compound 2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone, also known as "clomazone", is a potent herbicide as evidenced by its ability to control, for full growing seasons and at low application rates. However, clomazone is phytotoxic to other crops when applied at rates effective to control undesired vegetation, such contact resulting from drift to adjacent fields planted with low tolerance crops or from carryover when soybean fields treated with clomazone are rotated to a crop sensitive to clomazone.
Pigment inhibitors prevent plants from forming photosynthetic pigments. As a result, the affected plant parts become white to translucent. Clomazone (Command), a soil-applied herbicide, is the only member of the isoxazolidinone family in use at this time. Command is taken up by plant roots and shoots and can move in the xylem to plant leaves. The newly developed foliage of many plant species is so sensitive to Command that very small amounts can whiten new plant growth. Norflurazon (Zorial), a soil-applied herbicide, is the only member of the pyridazinone family in use at this time. Zorial is taken up by plant roots and moves to the growing points of susceptible plants. Susceptible weeds will emerge as white plants before dying.
It has been known that certain insecticides act as a safener against injury inflicted by herbicide application. Article titled“Evaluation of Safening Effects to Herbicides Conferred via Insecticide Seed Treatments in Soybean (Glycine max) and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)” by Nicholas Robert Steppig discloses that applications of some organophosphate insecticides at planting can reduce cotton injury following applications of the soil-applied herbicide clomazone.
WO 1989006492 A1 discloses a method of controlling undesirable vegetation at locus by applying to the locus clomazone and, as an antidote to clomazone, a safening amount of at least one organophosphorus compound.
Article titled “Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Response to Clomazone and Insecticide Combination” discloses that combination of aldicarb, and phorate protected cotton from clomazone injury. Phorate at 0.14 kg ha-1 partially protected cotton from clomazone injury.
Even though use of insecticide as safener to herbicide is known, the present invention provides an alternative method for safening crops to the phytotoxic effects of herbicides in agriculture which will act as useful agronomic tool to farmers. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
Therefore, in one aspect, the present invention may provide use of a pyrethroid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
In another aspect, the present invention may provide use of a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
In another aspect, the present invention may provide use of a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
In another aspect, the present invention may provide a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of a herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide, the method comprising treating the crop with the herbicide in combination with at least one pyrethroid insecticide. In yet another aspect, the present invention may provide a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of a herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide, the method comprising treating the crop with at least one herbicide in combination with a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide.
In yet another aspect, the present invention may provide a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of a herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide, the method comprising treating the crop and/or seed with at least one herbicide in combination with a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one herbicide and at least one pyrethroid insecticide.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one herbicide, at least one pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide. In another aspect, the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one herbicide, at least one pyrethroid insecticide, and at least another insecticide selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
For the purposes of the present invention, the term ‘safener’ is defined as substances which reduce or prevent the phytotoxic effect of crop protectants specifically herbicide, on plants treated therewith and/or on plants whose seeds and/or growth substrate have been treated or are treated therewith. According to present invention safener means a pyrethroid insecticide or a combination of a pyrethroid insecticide with a neonicotinoid insecticide or a thiazole insecticide or a thiazolidine insecticide.
The term‘herbicide’ is used herein to mean an active ingredient that kills, controls or otherwise adversely modifies the growth of unwanted plants. An herbicidally effective or vegetation controlling amount is an amount of active ingredient which causes an adversely modifying effect and includes deviations from natural development, killing, regulation, desiccation, retardation, and the like.
The term“seed” represents all types of plant propagation material. It comprises seeds in the actual sense, grains, fruits, tubers, the rhizome, spores, cuttings, slips, meristem tissue, individual plant cells and any form of plant tissue from which a complete plant can be grown. Preferably, it takes the form of seed in the actual sense.
The term“phytotoxicity” as used herein means unintended herbicidal effect on a plant of interest resulting in significant damage to the plant.
In an embodiment the present invention relates to use of a pyrethroid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
In another embodiment the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha- cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d- fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, thiofluoximate.
In an embodiment, the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is lambda-cyhalothrin.
In an embodiment, the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is bifenthrin.
In an embodiment, the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is cypermethrin.
In an embodiment, the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is permethrin.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides use of a pyrethroid insecticide in a combination with at least another insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
In an embodiment, said another insecticide is selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
The neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, nithiazine, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, paichongding, and thiacloprid.
In an embodiment, the preferred neonicotinoid insecticide is thiamethoxam.
In an embodiment, the preferred neonicotinoid insecticide is imidacloprid. In an embodiment, the preferred neonicotinoid insecticide is acetamiprid.
In an embodiment, the preferred neonicotinoid insecticide is thiacloprid.
In an embodiment, the preferred neonicotinoid insecticide is clothianidin.
In an embodiment, the thiazole insecticide is selected from clothianidin and imidaclothiz.
In an embodiment, the thiazolidine insecticide is selected from tazimcarb and thiacloprid.
The phytotoxically active herbicides are preferably selected from 2,4-D esters and amines, 2,4-MCPA, acetochlor, acifluorfen, clomazone, aclonifen, AE0172747, alachlor, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, aminotriazole, ammonium thiocyanate, anilifos, azimsulfuron, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, benthiocarb, benzobicyclon, bifenox, bispyribac-sodium, butachlor, butafenacil, butralin, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorflurenol, chlorimuron, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop-P, diclosulam, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-p, diquat, dithiopyr, diuron, EK2612, EPTC, esprocarb, ET-751 , ethoxysulfuron, ethbenzanid, F7967, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl + isoxidifen-ethyl, fentrazamide, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop-P-butyl, flucetosulfuron, flufenacet, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, fl urn iclorac- pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, flupyrsulfuron, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr esters and salts, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fumiclorac, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate , halosulfuron, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-R, HOK-201 , imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iodosulfuron, ioxynil, I R 5790, isoproturon, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, KUH-071 , lactofen, linuron, MCPA, MCPA ester & amine, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, mesosulfuron, mesotrione, metamifop, metolachlor, metosulam, metribuzin, metsulfuron, molinate, MSMA, napropamide, NC-620, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, OK-9701 , orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxazichlomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, pentoxazone, pethoxamid, picloram, picolinafen, piperophos, pretilachlor, profoxydim, propachlor, propanil, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyrazogyl, pyrazosulfuron, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyrimisulfan (KUH-021), pyriminobac-methyl, primisulfuron, propyrisulfuron (TH-547), pyroxsulam, pyroxasulfone (KIH-485), quinclorac, quizalofop-ethyl-D, S-3252, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, SL-0401 , SL- 0402, s-metolachlor, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfosate, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione (AVH-301), thiazopyr, thiobencarb, triclopyr, triclopyr esters and amine, and tritosulfuron.
Thus, in an embodiment, the present invention relates to use of a pyrethroid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide selected from the group consisting of 2,4-D esters and amines, 2,4-MCPA, acetochlor, acifluorfen, clomazone, aclonifen, AE0172747, alachlor, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, aminotriazole, ammonium thiocyanate, anilifos, azimsulfuron, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, benthiocarb, benzobicyclon, bifenox, bispyribac-sodium, butachlor, butafenacil, butralin, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorflurenol, chlorimuron, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop-P, diclosulam, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-p, diquat, dithiopyr, diuron, EK2612, EPTC, esprocarb, ET-751 , ethoxysulfuron, ethbenzanid, F7967, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop- ethyl + isoxidifen-ethyl, fentrazamide, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop- P-butyl, flucetosulfuron, flufenacet, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, flupyrsulfuron, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr esters and salts, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fumiclorac, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate , halosulfuron, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-R, HOK-201 , imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iodosulfuron, ioxynil, IR 5790, isoproturon, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, KUH-071 , lactofen, linuron, MCPA, MCPA ester & amine, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, mesosulfuron, mesotrione, metamifop, metolachlor, metosulam, metribuzin, metsulfuron, molinate, MSMA, napropamide, NC-620, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, OK-9701 , orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxazichlomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, pentoxazone, pethoxamid, picloram, picolinafen, piperophos, pretilachlor, profoxydim, propachlor, propanil, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyrazogyl, pyrazosulfuron, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyrimisulfan (KUH-021), pyriminobac-methyl, primisulfuron, propyrisulfuron (TH-547), pyroxsulam, pyroxasulfone (KIH-485), quinclorac, quizalofop-ethyl-D, S-3252, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, SL-0401 , SL-0402, s-metolachlor, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfosate, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione (AVH-301), thiazopyr, thiobencarb, triclopyr, triclopyr esters and amine, and tritosulfuron.
wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa- bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, and thiofluoximate.
In an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is clomazone.
In an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is acifluorfen.
In an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is bensulfuron-methyl.
In an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is carfentrazone-ethyl. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is diflufenican. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is fluroxypyr.
n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is fomesafen. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is glufosinate. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is glyphosate. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is halosulfuron. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is imazamethabenz n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is imazamox. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is imazapic.
n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is imazapyr.
n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is imazaquin. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is imazethapyr. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is mefenacet. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is mesotrione. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is metolachlor. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is metribuzin. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is napropamide. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is pendimethalin. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is pretilachlor. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is pyrazosulfuron. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is quinclorac. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is saflufenacil. n an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is S-metolachlor. In an embodiment, the preferred phytotoxic herbicide is sulfentrazone.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides the use of a pyrethroid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, and thiofluoximate.
In an embodiment, the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is lambda-cyhalothrin.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides the use of lambda- cyhalothrin for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides use of a pyrethroid insecticide in a combination with at least another insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides the use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with at least another insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta- cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau- fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon- momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, and thiofluoximate.
In an embodiment, said another insecticide is selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides the use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with at least one neonicotinoid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta- cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau- fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon- momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, and thiofluoximate; and wherein the neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, nithiazine, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, paichongding, and thiacloprid.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of bifenthrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of bifenthrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of bifenthrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of bifenthrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of cyhalothrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of cyhalothrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of cyhalothrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of cyhalothrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of gamma-cyhalothrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of gamma-cyhalothrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of gamma-cyhalothrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of gamma-cyhalothrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of lambda-cyhalothrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of lambda-cyhalothrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of lambda-cyhalothrin in an amount of about 37.5 g/L in combination with thiamethoxam in an amount of about 210 g/L for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of lambda-cyhalothrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of lambda-cyhalothrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of cypermethrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of cypermethrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of cypermethrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of cypermethrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of alpha-cypermethrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of alpha-cypermethrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of alpha-cypermethrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of alpha-cypermethrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of beta-cypermethrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of beta-cypermethrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of beta-cypermethrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of beta-cypermethrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of permethrin in combination with imidacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of permethrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of permethrin in combination with acetamiprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of permethrin in combination with thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with a thiazole insecticide selected from clothianidin and imidaclothiz for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, and thiofluoximate.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides the use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with a thiazolidine insecticide selected from tazimcarb and thiacloprid for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, and thiofluoximate.
In an embodiment, the preferred herbicide is clomazone.
In preferred embodiment, the present invention provides use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with a neonicotinoid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In most preferred embodiment, the present invention provides use of a lambda cyhalothrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In accordance with another aspect of this invention, certain pyrethroid insecticide are combined with clomazone either by admixture prior to application, or by separate application. The combined application not only safens the crops against phytotoxic effects of clomazone but also combats insects and other pests to which the crops may be subject.
In another aspect, the present invention may provide a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide, the method comprising treating the crop with at least one pyrethroid insecticide.
In another emboidment the pyrethroid insecticide is selected form acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, thiofluoximate, preferably Lambda cyhalothrin.
In yet another aspect, the present invention may provide a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide, the method comprising treating the crop with a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide.
In yet another aspect, the present invention may provide a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide, said method comprising treating the crop and/or seed with at least one herbicide in combination with a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide selected from a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide.
The neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, nithiazine, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, paichongding, thiacloprid preferbaly thiamethoxam.
The thiazole insecticide is selected from clothianidin and imidaclothiz,
The thiazolidine insecticide is selected from tazimcarb and thiacloprid.
The phytotoxically active herbicides are preferably selected from 2,4-D esters and amines, 2,4-MCPA, acetochlor, acifluorfen, clomazone, aclonifen, AE0172747, alachlor, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, aminotriazole, ammonium thiocyanate, anilifos, azimsulfuron, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, benthiocarb, benzobicyclon, bifenox, bispyribac-sodium, butachlor, butafenacil, butralin, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorflurenol, chlorimuron, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop-P, diclosulam, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-p, diquat, dithiopyr, diuron, EK2612, EPTC, esprocarb, ET-751 , ethoxysulfuron, ethbenzanid, F7967, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl + isoxidifen-ethyl, fentrazamide, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop-P-butyl, flucetosulfuron, flufenacet, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumiclorac- pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, flupyrsulfuron, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr esters and salts, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fumiclorac, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate , halosulfuron, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-R, HOK-201 , imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iodosulfuron, ioxynil, I R 5790, isoproturon, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, KUH-071 , lactofen, linuron, MCPA, MCPA ester & amine, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, mesosulfuron, mesotrione, metamifop, metolachlor, metosulam, metribuzin, metsulfuron, molinate, MSMA, napropamide, NC-620, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, OK-9701 , orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxazichlomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, pentoxazone, pethoxamid, picloram, picolinafen, piperophos, pretilachlor, profoxydim, propachlor, propanil, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyrazogyl, pyrazosulfuron, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyrimisulfan (KUH-021), pyriminobac-methyl, primisulfuron, propyrisulfuron (TH-547), pyroxsulam, pyroxasulfone (KIH-485), quinclorac, quizalofop-ethyl-D, S-3252, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, SL-0401 , SL- 0402, s-metolachlor, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfosate, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione (AVH-301), thiazopyr, thiobencarb, triclopyr, triclopyr esters and amine, and tritosulfuron preferably clomazone.
In preferred embodiment, the present invention provides use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with neonicotinoid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
In another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides use of a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone. In most preferred embodiment, the present invention provides use of a lambda cyhalothrin in combination with thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
The preferred crop wherein the phytotoxicity of clomazone is reduce is selected from soybean, maize, wheat, triticale, rye, oats, barley, oilseed rape, millet/sorghum, rice, sunflower, cotton, sugar beet, stone fruit, pome fruit, citrus fruit, banana, strawberry, blueberry, almond, grape, mango, pawpaw, peanut, potato, tomato, capsicum, cucumber, pumpkin/squash, melon, watermelon, garlic, onion, carrot, cabbage, bean, vegetable pea and fodder pea, lentil, lucerne, clover, flax, elephant grass (Miscanthus), grass, lettuce, sugar cane, tea, tobacco and coffee. The plants can be non-transgenic or transgenic in nature.
In an embodiment herbicide and the safener insecticides of the present invention are formulated and applied in accordance with procedures standard in herbicidal treatments as modified by the labels established for each of the active ingredients. The herbicides and the safener are applied in dilute form with an agriculturally acceptable, relatively inert, solid or liquid carrier to the locus where herbicidal effect and safening are needed. The formulation and mode of application of an agricultural chemical may affect activity in a given application, the herbicide and safener may be formulated separately or in admixture as emulsifiable concentrates (EC's), as granules preferably of relatively large particle size, as wettable powders, as solutions or suspensions, or in other forms.
In a preferred embodiment the safener is applied prior to application of the clomazone, typically in a preemergent, post emergent or pre-plant incorporated manner, alone or as a tank mix with herbicide.
In another preferred embodiment, the safener according to the present invention may also be applied to seeds of crops prior to or simultaneously with planting.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one herbicide and at least one pyrethroid insecticide. In another aspect, the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one herbicide, at least one pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one herbicide, at least one pyrethroid insecticide, and at least another insecticide selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide.
In another embodiment the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha- cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d- fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, thiofluoximate.
In an embodiment, the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is lambda-cyhalothrin.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide, at least another insecticide and a herbicide.
In an embodiment, said another insecticide is selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide. The neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, nithiazine, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, paichongding, and thiacloprid.
In an embodiment, the preferred neonicotinoid insecticide is thiamethoxam.
The thiazole insecticide is selected from clothianidin and imidaclothiz.
The thiazolidine insecticide is selected from tazimcarb and thiacloprid.
The phytotoxically active herbicides are preferably selected from 2,4-D esters and amines, 2,4-MCPA, acetochlor, acifluorfen, clomazone, aclonifen, AE0172747, alachlor, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, aminotriazole, ammonium thiocyanate, anilifos, azimsulfuron, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, benthiocarb, benzobicyclon, bifenox, bispyribac-sodium, butachlor, butafenacil, butralin, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorflurenol, chlorimuron, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop-P, diclosulam, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-p, diquat, dithiopyr, diuron, EK2612, EPTC, esprocarb, ET-751 , ethoxysulfuron, ethbenzanid, F7967, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl + isoxidifen-ethyl, fentrazamide, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop-P-butyl, flucetosulfuron, flufenacet, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, fl urn iclorac- pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, flupyrsulfuron, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr esters and salts, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fumiclorac, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate , halosulfuron, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-R, HOK-201 , imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iodosulfuron, ioxynil, I R 5790, isoproturon, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, KUH-071 , lactofen, linuron, MCPA, MCPA ester & amine, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, mesosulfuron, mesotrione, metamifop, metolachlor, metosulam, metribuzin, metsulfuron, molinate, MSMA, napropamide, NC-620, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, OK-9701 , orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxazichlomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, pentoxazone, pethoxamid, picloram, picolinafen, piperophos, pretilachlor, profoxydim, propachlor, propanil, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyrazogyl, pyrazosulfuron, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyrimisulfan (KUH-021), pyriminobac-methyl, primisulfuron, propyrisulfuron (TH-547), pyroxsulam, pyroxasulfone (KIH-485), quinclorac, quizalofop-ethyl-D, S-3252, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, SL-0401 , SL- 0402, s-metolachlor, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfosate, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione (AVH-301), thiazopyr, thiobencarb, triclopyr, triclopyr esters and amine, and tritosulfuron.
Thus, in an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide and a herbicide selected from the group consisting of 2,4- D esters and amines, 2,4-MCPA, acetochlor, acifluorfen, clomazone, aclonifen, AE0172747, alachlor, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, aminotriazole, ammonium thiocyanate, anilifos, azimsulfuron, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, benthiocarb, benzobicyclon, bifenox, bispyribac-sodium, butachlor, butafenacil, butralin, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorflurenol, chlorimuron, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop-P, diclosulam, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-p, diquat, dithiopyr, diuron, EK2612, EPTC, esprocarb, ET-751 , ethoxysulfuron, ethbenzanid, F7967, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl + isoxidifen-ethyl, fentrazamide, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop-P-butyl, flucetosulfuron, flufenacet, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, fl urn iclorac- pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, flupyrsulfuron, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr esters and salts, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fumiclorac, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate , halosulfuron, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-R, HOK-201 , imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iodosulfuron, ioxynil, I R 5790, isoproturon, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, KUH-071 , lactofen, linuron, MCPA, MCPA ester & amine, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, mesosulfuron, mesotrione, metamifop, metolachlor, metosulam, metribuzin, metsulfuron, molinate, MSMA, napropamide, NC-620, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, OK-9701 , orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxazichlomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, pentoxazone, pethoxamid, picloram, picolinafen, piperophos, pretilachlor, profoxydim, propachlor, propanil, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyrazogyl, pyrazosulfuron, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyrimisulfan (KUH-021), pyriminobac-methyl, primisulfuron, propyrisulfuron (TH-547), pyroxsulam, pyroxasulfone (KIH-485), quinclorac, quizalofop-ethyl-D, S-3252, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, SL-0401 , SL- 0402, s-metolachlor, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfosate, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione (AVH-301), thiazopyr, thiobencarb, triclopyr, triclopyr esters and amine, and tritosulfuron; wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa- bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, and thiofluoximate.
In an embodiment, the preferred herbicide is clomazone.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide and clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta- cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau- fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon- momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, and thiofluoximate.
In an embodiment, the preferred pyrethroid insecticide is lambda-cyhalothrin.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising lambda-cyhalothrin and clomazone.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide, at least another insecticide and clomazone.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide, at least another insecticide and clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, and thiofluoximate.
In an embodiment, said another insecticide is selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide.
Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide, at least one neonicotinoid insecticide and clomazone, wherein the pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa- bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, and thiofluoximate; and
wherein the neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, nithiazine, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, paichongding, and thiacloprid. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising bifenthrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising bifenthrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising bifenthrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising bifenthrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising cyhalothrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising cyhalothrin, acetamiprid and clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising cyhalothrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising gamma-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising gamma-cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising gamma-cyhalothrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising gamma-cyhalothrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid and clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising lambda-cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising lambda-cyhalothrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising lambda-cyhalothrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising cypermethrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising cypermethrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising cypermethrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising cypermethrin, thiacloprid and clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising alpha- cypermethrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising alpha- cypermethrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising alpha- cypermethrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising alpha- cypermethrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising beta- cypermethrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising beta- cypermethrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone. In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising beta- cypermethrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising beta- cypermethrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising permethrin, imidacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising permethrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising permethrin, acetamiprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising permethrin, thiacloprid and clomazone.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising a thiazole insecticide selected from clothianidin and imidaclothiz; clomazone; and a pyrethroid insecticide selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, and thiofluoximate.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising a thiazolidine insecticide selected from tazimcarb and thiacloprid; clomazone; and a pyrethroid insecticide selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, and thiofluoximate.
In an embodiment, the preferred herbicide is clomazone.
In preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one pyrethroid insecticide, at least one neonicotinoid insecticide and clomazone.
In another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising at least one pyrethroid insecticide; thiamethoxam and clomazone.
In most preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a combination comprising lambda cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
Each of the aspects described hereinabove may have one or more embodiments. For example, one or more aspects may include:
(i) the of a pyrethroid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide, or
(ii) the use of a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide, or
(iii) the use of a combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide, or
(iv) a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of a herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide by treating the crop with the herbicide in combination with at least one pyrethroid insecticide, or
(v) a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of a herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide by treating the crop with at least one herbicide in combination with a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide, or
(vi) a method of reducing the phytotoxic effect of a herbicide on crops which are treated with said herbicide by treating the crop and/or seed with at least one herbicide in combination with a pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide, or
(vii) a combination comprising at least one herbicide and at least one pyrethroid insecticide, or
(viii) a combination comprising at least one herbicide, at least one pyrethroid insecticide and at least another insecticide, or
(ix) a combination comprising at least one herbicide, at least one pyrethroid insecticide, and at least another insecticide selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide. Each of these aspects may have embodiments in which the phytotoxic herbicide of the present invention may be used in the presence of, or combined with, at least another insecticide, or with at least two other insecticides. The insecticide(s), when combined with the phytotoxic herbicides, safen the crop against the phytotoxic effect of these herbicides. Some of these preferred embodiments are described as the selection of the phytotoxic herbicides, and their combination with the safening insecticide(s), in the table appearing below. In other embodiments, these preferred combinations may themselves be novel, and/or may be used in one or more methods of the present invention.
Each combination appearing in the table below may represent one of these embodiments.
Figure imgf000033_0001
Figure imgf000034_0001
Figure imgf000035_0001
Figure imgf000036_0001
Figure imgf000037_0001
Figure imgf000038_0001
Figure imgf000039_0001
Figure imgf000040_0001
Figure imgf000041_0001
Figure imgf000042_0001
Figure imgf000043_0001
Figure imgf000044_0001
Figure imgf000045_0001
Figure imgf000046_0001
Figure imgf000047_0001
Figure imgf000048_0001
Figure imgf000049_0001
Figure imgf000050_0001
Figure imgf000051_0001
Figure imgf000052_0001
Figure imgf000053_0001
Figure imgf000054_0001
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE 1 :
Evaluate the phytotoxicity of clomazone in rice after seed treatment with thiametoxam and lambda-cyalothrin alone or in combination tank mix. Rice was planted in humid soil and clomazone was applied pre-emergence, and the tank mixture of the two insecticides was evaluated as safener for clomazone in rice. The evaluation was performed by measuring the selectivity of clomazone in rice after its seed treatment with thiomethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin individually and in tank mixture.
Thiamethoxam formulation Cruiser 350 FS was applied at 480mL/per 100 kg of seeds, while lambda-cyhalothrin formulation was applied at 600ml_/per 100 kg of seeds. Their combination was also applied for seed treatment at the same dosage rates. Clomazone was applied to the resulting rice crop at 1.4 L/Ha. The percentage phytotoxicity was measured and tabulated as hereunder:
Figure imgf000054_0002
Figure imgf000055_0001
The percentage phytotoxicity observed for each treatment was substracted from the untreated phytotoxicity values to arrive at the percentage phytotoxicity reduction for each treatment. The expected phytotoxicity percentage reduction was calculated using the Colby’s formula using the equation E = (X*Y)/100, where X and Y are the effects of the insecticides applied alone. The actual observed value for the mixture was then compared to the expected value, and interpreted using the rule: If greater = synergism, If less then = antagonism, and If equal = additive.
Figure imgf000055_0002
Conclusion: From the above results it is evident that the single seed treatment of thiamethoxam or lambda cyhalothrin showed signifcant phytotoxicity on rice crop caused by application of clomazone. However, seed treatment with combination of thiamethoxam and lambdacyhalothrin showed significant decrease in the phytoxicity caused by clomazone. Even mathematically, it was seen that the combination of thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin ‘safened’ clomazone synergistically in rice.
The instant invention is more specifically explained by examples given above. However, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples in any manner. It will be appreciated by any person skilled in this art that the present invention includes the given examples and further can be modified and altered without departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the invention which are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. Use of a pyrethroid insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
2. Use as claimed in claim 1 , wherein pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa- tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, thiofluoximate.
3. Use as claimed in claim 1 and 2 wherein pyrethroid insecticide is lambda- cyhalothrin.
4. Use of a pyrethroid insecticide in a combination with at least another insecticide for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with a herbicide.
5. Use as claimed in claim 1 , wherein another insecticide is selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide.
6. Use as claimed in claim 5, wherein neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, nithiazine, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, paichongding, and thiacloprid
7. Use as claimed in claim 5, wherein thiazole insecticide is selected from clothianidin and imidaclothiz
8. Use as claimed in claim 5, wherein thiazolidine insecticide is selected from tazimcarb and thiacloprid
9. Use as claimed in any of the preceding claim, wherein the phytotoxic herbicide is selected from 2,4-D esters and amines, 2,4-MCPA, acetochlor, acifluorfen, clomazone, aclonifen, AE0172747, alachlor, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, aminotriazole, ammonium thiocyanate, anilifos, azimsulfuron, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, benthiocarb, benzobicyclon, bifenox, bispyribac-sodium, butachlor, butafenacil, butralin, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorflurenol, chlorimuron, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop- butyl, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop-P, diclosulam, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-p, diquat, dithiopyr, diuron, EK2612, EPTC, esprocarb, ET-751 , ethoxysulfuron, ethbenzanid, F7967, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl + isoxidifen-ethyl, fentrazamide, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop- P-butyl, flucetosulfuron, flufenacet, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, flupyrsulfuron, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr esters and salts, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fumiclorac, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate , halosulfuron, haloxyfop- methyl, haloxyfop-R, HOK-201 , imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iodosulfuron, ioxynil, IR 5790, isoproturon, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, KUH-071 , lactofen, linuron, MCPA, MCPA ester & amine, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, mesosulfuron, mesotrione, metamifop, metolachlor, metosulam, metribuzin, metsulfuron, molinate, MSMA, napropamide, NC-620, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, OK-9701 , orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxazichlomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, pentoxazone, pethoxamid, picloram, picolinafen, piperophos, pretilachlor, profoxydim, propachlor, propanil, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyrazogyl, pyrazosulfuron, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyrimisulfan (KUH-021), pyriminobac-methyl, primisulfuron, propyrisulfuron (TH-547), pyroxsulam, pyroxasulfone (KIH-485), quinclorac, quizalofop-ethyl-D, S-3252, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, SL-0401 , SL-0402, s-metolachlor, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfosate, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione (AVH-301), thiazopyr, thiobencarb, triclopyr, triclopyr esters and amine, and tritosulfuron.
10. Use of lambda-cyhalothrin for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
11. Use of lambda-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam for reducing phytotoxicity in crops treated with clomazone.
12. A combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide and a herbicide.
13. The combination as claimed in claim 12, wherein pyrethroid insecticide is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, bioallethrin, esdepallethrine, barthrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioethanomethrin, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromethrin, butethrin, chlorempenthrin, cyclethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma- cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta- cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, dimethrin, empenthrin, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, chloroprallethrin, fenfluthrin, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, flucythrinate, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate, furamethrin, furethrin, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, japothrins, kadethrin, methothrin, metofluthrin, epsilon-metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, pentmethrin, permethrin, biopermethrin, transpermethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, proparthrin, pyresmethrin, renofluthrin, meperfluthrin, resmethrin, bioresmethrin, cismethrin, tefluthrin, kappa- tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, valerate, etofenprox, flufenprox, halfenprox, protrifenbute, silafluofen, sulfoxime, thiofluoximate.
14. The combination as claimed in claim 12 or 13, wherein pyrethroid insecticide is lambda-cyhalothrin.
15. A combination comprising a pyrethroid insecticide, at least another insecticide, and a herbicide.
16. The combination as claimed in claim 15, wherein another insecticide is selected from the group consisting of a neonicotinoid insecticide, a thiazole insecticide and a thiazolidine insecticide.
17. The combination as claimed in claim 16, wherein neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, nithiazine, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, paichongding, and thiacloprid.
18. The combination as claimed in claim 16, wherein thiazole insecticide is selected from clothianidin and imidaclothiz.
19. The combination as claimed in claim 19, wherein thiazolidine insecticide is selected from tazimcarb and thiacloprid.
20. The combination as claimed in any of the preceding claims 12 - 19, wherein the phytotoxic herbicide is selected from 2,4-D esters and amines, 2,4- MCPA, acetochlor, acifluorfen, clomazone, aclonifen, AE0172747, alachlor, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, aminotriazole, ammonium thiocyanate, anilifos, azimsulfuron, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, benthiocarb, benzobicyclon, bifenox, bispyribac-sodium, butachlor, butafenacil, butralin, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlorflurenol, chlorimuron, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clopyralid, cloransulam- methyl, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop-P, diclosulam, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-p, diquat, dithiopyr, diuron, EK2612, EPTC, esprocarb, ET- 751 , ethoxysulfuron, ethbenzanid, F7967, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl + isoxidifen-ethyl, fentrazamide, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop-P-butyl, flucetosulfuron, flufenacet, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, flupyrsulfuron, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr esters and salts, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, fumiclorac, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate , halosulfuron, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-R, HOK-201 , imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iodosulfuron, ioxynil, IR 5790, isoproturon, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, KUH-071 , lactofen, linuron, MCPA, MCPA ester & amine, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, mesosulfuron, mesotrione, metamifop, metolachlor, metosulam, metribuzin, metsulfuron, molinate, MSMA, napropamide, NC-620, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, OK-9701 , orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxazichlomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, pentoxazone, pethoxamid, picloram, picolinafen, piperophos, pretilachlor, profoxydim, propachlor, propanil, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyrazogyl, pyrazosulfuron, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyrimisulfan (KUH-021), pyriminobac-methyl, primisulfuron, propyrisulfuron (TH-547), pyroxsulam, pyroxasulfone (KIH-485), quinclorac, quizalofop-ethyl-D, S-3252, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, SL-0401 , SL-0402, s-metolachlor, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfosate, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione (AVH-301), thiazopyr, thiobencarb, triclopyr, triclopyr esters and amine, and tritosulfuron.
21. A combination comprising lambda-cyhalothrin and clomazone.
22. A combination comprising lambda-cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam and clomazone.
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