WO2019179902A1 - Circuit de commande de puissance - Google Patents
Circuit de commande de puissance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019179902A1 WO2019179902A1 PCT/EP2019/056625 EP2019056625W WO2019179902A1 WO 2019179902 A1 WO2019179902 A1 WO 2019179902A1 EP 2019056625 W EP2019056625 W EP 2019056625W WO 2019179902 A1 WO2019179902 A1 WO 2019179902A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- loop
- power control
- control circuit
- current source
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
- G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
- G08B25/04—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using a single signalling line, e.g. in a closed loop
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
- G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
- G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
- G08B29/28—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components by changing the gain of an amplifier
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F5/00—Systems for regulating electric variables by detecting deviations in the electric input to the system and thereby controlling a device within the system to obtain a regulated output
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
- G08B25/14—Central alarm receiver or annunciator arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
- H03K5/24—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power control circuit of a loop mountable unit of a fire alarm system.
- Fire alarm systems are normally made up of a control panel (often called control and indicating equipment, CIE), one or more addressable communication loops extending from the control panel around a building and a number of loop mountable units, such as fire detectors, call points, sounders and visual alarm devices (VAD).
- CIE control and indicating equipment
- VAD visual alarm devices
- each communication loop permits commands and data to be passed in packets using unique identifiers for each loop mountable unit between the control panel and the loop mountable units without needing to use hardware switches to route data packets along dedicated paths.
- Each loop also supplies power to the loop mountable units so that the units do not need additional hardware by which they source their own power.
- the amount of power available to the units is limited by the capacity of a driver within the control panel, and by the resistance of a potentially long run of cable forming the loops. This tends to result in significant voltage drops in the parts of the loops furthest from the control panel. While there are ways to reduce the effect of the voltage drops, each of them introduce their own limitations:
- the drive voltage at the control panel can be increased, but this introduces dangers associated with those higher voltages. It is much preferred to remain within the regulations that exist for low voltage systems.
- Each loop has a pair of wires, and each end of the loop terminates at the control panel.
- the communication data between the control panel and the units is encoded in the form of modulated current pulses, the magnitude of which is much smaller than the current consumption of the units on the addressable loop.
- the loop mountable units have been adapted to operate over a large range of input voltages to cater for the variability of voltage drops around the loop.
- the units themselves require a fixed power to operate.
- linear regulators are used to provide the required voltage, and the excess power is simply dissipated as heat.
- switching converters create a lot of electronic signal noise whilst they switch and draw significant gulps of current, and this noise, as well as the capacitance needed to hold the input to the converter when the gulps taken, will corrupt the data on the addressable loop. This causes incompatibility between the supply of power to the units and the addressable communication between the control panel and the units. On one known addressable loop, it takes only 5 mA of current noise to corrupt the loop data.
- the gulp current from the converter of higher powered units such as beacons is likely to be significantly greater than 50 mA. While capacitance can be used to reduce the switching noise and gulps of current, a much higher capacitance is required and the specification of addressable loops is exceeded.
- VAD beacons require a significant amount of power to operate, and it is desirable that more such devices are mounted on an addressable communication loop than is currently possible, without being constrained by voltage drops or corruption of loop data.
- a power control circuit of a loop-mountable unit of a fire alarm system comprises: an adjustable current source, arranged to adjust the current from the loop through the power control circuit based on a control signal; an inverting amplifier, arranged to provide the control signal to the adjustable current source in which the control signal is based on the loop voltage; and a damper having an input for connection to a loop and an output connected to the inverting input of the inverting amplifier such that the voltage at the output of the damper is smoothed with respect to the voltage at its input.
- the present invention permits control of the current without corrupting the loop data, also achieving a reduction in the waste of voltage of the device. It is able to operate over a wide input voltage range, present very little capacitance, create little switching noise to the loop, and tolerate rapidly varying voltage levels.
- the inverting amplifier is arranged to provide the control signal with a voltage which is inversely proportional to the voltage at its inverting input. This permits the adjustable current source to control the current inversely proportionally to the loop voltage, thereby approximating a constant power supply to the loop mountable unit.
- the damper includes a voltage divider and a capacitor. This permits smoothing at a low cost in a simple electronic arrangement.
- the adjustable current source is an analogue current source which increases and decreases the current from the loop through the power control circuit in proportion to the voltage of the control signal.
- the adjustable current source includes an operational amplifier which receives the power control signal and a transistor which adjusts the current.
- the power control circuit further comprises a reservoir capacitor arranged to be charged by the adjustable current source.
- a DC-DC switcher arranged to intermittently discharge the reservoir capacitor when the voltage of the reservoir capacitor is above a threshold.
- a voltage dropper circuit may be used to define the reservoir capacitor threshold.
- Control of the running of the DC -DC switcher may be by a comparator circuit.
- an output capacitor is included for supplying power to a VAD unit, the DC-DC switcher being arranged to discharge the reservoir capacitor to charge the output capacitor.
- a load dump is included to prevent the reservoir capacitor from being over-charged.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram of a fire alarm system
- Figure 2 is a block diagram of a loop mountable unit in the form of a VAD mounted on an addressable communication loop;
- Figure 3 is a block diagram of a power control circuit of a loop mountable unit of a fire alarm system according to the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of the power control circuit of the embodiment of Figure 3.
- FIG. 1 shows a fire alarm system 1 comprising a control panel 2, an addressable communication loop 3, and a number of loop mountable units 4.
- the control panel 2 would normally have multiple addressable communication loops extending from it, each loop extending to parts of a building or other premises, but a single loop is shown here for simplicity.
- the ends of the loops are connected together at the control panel, and each loop comprises a pair of wires which the control panel 2 maintains with an operational voltage difference between them.
- the communication loop 3 is addressable in that it permits commands and data to be passed in packets between the control panel and the loop mountable units 4.
- Each loop mountable unit 4 has a unique identifier which permits the control panel 2 to send addressed packets to individual loop mountable units 4.
- the loop mountable units 4 are connected across the pair of wires in the addressable communication loop 3. Communication data passing between the control panel 1 and the units 4 is encoded in the form of modulated current pulses, the magnitude of which is much smaller than the current consumption of the devices on the addressable loop 3.
- the operational voltage applied across the wires of the addressable communication loop 3 is supplied to the loop mountable units 4 so as to supply power to the units 4 to avoid the need for additional hardware by which they source their own power.
- the loop mountable units 4 can be any one of a number of different units of a fire detection system, such as fire detectors, call points, sounders and visual alarm devices (VAD).
- FIG. 2 shows a loop mountable unit in the form of a VAD unit 5 having a power control circuit 6.
- the power control circuit 6 is connected to the addressable communication loop 3 shown as its two constituent wires 7 and 8, between which the operational voltage is maintained by the control panel 2. Not only is power supplied to the VAD unit 5 by the wires 7 and 8, but any control signals, commands and other data is transmitted along the wires as well by current modulation.
- FIG. 3 shows the power control circuit 6 in block diagram form.
- a feed forward controlled adjustable constant current source operates on a real-time basis, charging a reservoir capacitor which in turn feeds a specially controlled DC-DC switcher. This ensures minimal capacitance and switching noise is presented to the loop owing to the constant current source while also allowing a standard DC-DC switcher to operate effectively from a restricted power source by virtue of the control mechanism.
- Feed forward controlled adjustable constant current source :
- This part of the circuit is made up of three parts:
- the inverting amplifier 13 receives a reference voltage to its non-inverting input and the loop voltage to its inverting input via the damper 14.
- the damper 14 attenuates, smooths and averages the loop voltage, preventing the inverting amplifier 13 from responding to rapid changes in the loop voltage.
- the reference voltage with respect to the positive wire 7 of the loop 3 the virtual earth of the inverting amplifier is set to the midpoint between the attenuated upper and lower voltage limits. From Figure 4, it can be seen that the damper 14 is constituted by a voltage divider in combination with a capacitor located between the positive wire 7 of the loop and a point between the 2 resistors of the voltage divider.
- the inverting amplifier includes a feedback loop which is arranged such that the output signal from the inverting amplifier operates in the correct range to act as a control signal to the adjustable current source 12.
- the adjustable current source 12 is connected to the positive wire 7 of the loop 3, and it permits more current to pass the higher the control signal from the inverting amplifier 13.
- the adjustable current source is constituted by an operational amplifier 15 and a transistor 16. As the voltage of the control signal from the inverting amplifier 13 increases, the operational amplifier 15 increases its output voltage to the transistor 16 to allow more current to pass. As the voltage of the control signal decreases, the operational amplifier 15 decreases its output voltage to the transistor to reduce the flow of current through the transistor 16.
- the voltage of the loop varies depending on distance from the ends of the loop, as well as on the current being drawn by the units 4 on the loop 3. Since the VAD unit 5 is a constant power device, when the voltage on the loop is low, action is required to ensure that the current is not too low for the unit to operate correctly. When the voltage on the loop is high, action is required to ensure that the current is not so high that excess power is dissipated through heat.
- the inverting amplifier 13 controls the adjustable current source 12 by supplying a control signal which is inversely proportional to the voltage on the loop at the position of the unit 5 to maintain a relatively constant, stable power to the unit.
- the control signal is smooth and damped so that, as it changes the current that is permitted to pass through the current source 13, the changes are made in a smooth way so as to avoid generating high levels of current noise which might corrupt the data being communicated through the loop 3.
- power wastage through heat dissipation is minimised by the ability of the adjustable current source 12 to reduce current when the voltage is high. Furthermore, capacitance is kept to a minimum.
- This invention is particularly valuable for higher powered devices such as VAD beacons, particularly as it is desirable to mount more such devices on an addressable loop.
- the current flowing through the current source 12 is primarily intended to pass through a diode 20 to charge a reservoir capacitor 21.
- the charge within the reservoir capacitor 21 is directed by a DC-DC switcher 22 to charge up an output capacitor 23, which powers the VAD beacon.
- the DC-DC switcher 22 is controlled by a voltage from a comparator 24. It is necessary to ensure that the current source 12 is always in its active region, and thus acting as a current source.
- a load dump 25 is connected between the current source 12 and the negative wire 8 to provide a path for the current when it is unable to flow into either the reservoir capacitor 21 or the DC-DC switcher 22.
- the threshold for the load dump 25 is set by a voltage drop circuit 26 which is fed from the positive loop wire 7. This allows it to automatically adjust to the voltage on the loop at that point.
- the aim is to charge the reservoir capacitor 21 to as high a voltage as is practicable, minimising unnecessary load dumping.
- the DC-DC switcher 22 is fed with power from the reservoir capacitor 21. Since there is insufficient power from the current source 12, it cannot continuously conduct power to the output capacitor 23 without significantly increasing the losses in the current source 12. To overcome this problem, the switcher 22 is periodically inhibited so as to allow the reservoir capacitor 21 to recharge before the switcher 22 runs again.
- the inhibition signal controlling the DC-DC switcher 22 comes from the comparator 24 which compares the voltage of the reservoir comparator 21 with the voltage of the voltage dropper 26. This gives a control mechanism where, with some hysteresis, the voltage of the reservoir capacitor 21 is maintained slightly below the prevailing minimum loop voltage.
- a DC-DC switcher is a standard form of switched mode power supply. In this embodiment, it is a device the running of which can be inhibited.
- the diode 20 is a Schottky diode
- the comparator 24 is constituted by a transistor, a number of resistors diodes and an electronic switch.
- the voltage dropper 26 is constituted by a transistor, a capacitor and resistors.
- current from the current source 12 is generally directed through the diode 20 to charge the reservoir capacitor 21.
- the reservoir capacitor 21 is used to charge the output capacitor 23 when the DC-DC switcher 22 is running.
- the comparator 24 identifies this by its comparison of the voltage of the reservoir capacitor 21 with the voltage of the voltage dropper circuit 26, and generates an inhibit control signal to the DC-DC switcher 22 to stop that switcher. This inhibits the flow of charge from the reservoir capacitor 21 to the output capacitor 23 until the reservoir capacitor 21 is sufficiently charged.
- this part of the circuit operates in a much more satisfactory way in conjunction with the stable current supplied by the current source 12.
- much less current is dumped than in known arrangements, while the operation of the power control circuit does not add a significant amount of noise to the communication loop 3 which could compromise its use communicating packets of data.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Fire Alarms (AREA)
- Alarm Systems (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention porte sur un circuit d'une unité pouvant être montée en boucle d'un système d'alarme incendie, comprenant : une source de courant réglable, destinée à régler le courant provenant de la boucle à travers le circuit de commande de puissance sur la base d'un signal de commande ; un amplificateur inverseur, destiné à fournir le signal de commande à la source de courant réglable dans laquelle le signal de commande est basé sur la tension de boucle ; et un amortisseur pourvu d'une entrée en vue d'une connexion à une boucle et d'une sortie connectée à l'entrée inverseuse de l'amplificateur inverseur de telle sorte que la tension à la sortie de l'amortisseur est lissée par rapport à la tension à son entrée.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19711897.9A EP3769294B1 (fr) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-03-15 | Circuit de commande de puissance |
AU2019238961A AU2019238961B2 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-03-15 | Power control circuit |
US16/979,622 US11393325B2 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-03-15 | Power control circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1804718.3 | 2018-03-23 | ||
GB1804718.3A GB2572223B (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2018-03-23 | Power control circuit |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2019179902A1 true WO2019179902A1 (fr) | 2019-09-26 |
Family
ID=62068284
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2019/056625 WO2019179902A1 (fr) | 2018-03-23 | 2019-03-15 | Circuit de commande de puissance |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11393325B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3769294B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2019238961B2 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2572223B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2019179902A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4160566A1 (fr) | 2021-10-04 | 2023-04-05 | Carrier Corporation | Adressage automatique de boucle d'incendie |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5105370A (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1992-04-14 | Fike Corporation | Environmental detection system useful for fire detection and suppression |
US20090167260A1 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2009-07-02 | Manfred Pauritsch | Electrical Power Supply Arrangement and Use Thereof |
EP2706518A1 (fr) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Contrôle de boucle du système d'alarme |
EP2899704A1 (fr) * | 2014-01-28 | 2015-07-29 | Honeywell International Inc. | Dispositifs d'alarme de gestion d'alimentation |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5491402A (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 1996-02-13 | Echelon Corporation | Apparatus and method for providing AC isolation while supplying DC power |
US5608375A (en) * | 1995-03-20 | 1997-03-04 | Wheelock Inc. | Synchronized visual/audible alarm system |
US6731728B2 (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 2004-05-04 | Agere Systems Inc. | Low noise line powered DAA with differential feedback |
DE19930661A1 (de) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-18 | Siemens Ag | Meßumformer |
US6686831B2 (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2004-02-03 | Invensys Systems, Inc. | Variable power control for process control instruments |
CA2406298A1 (fr) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-03-30 | Siemens Milltronics Process Instruments Inc. | Mecanisme de gestion de la consommation pour systemes de mesure des temps de vol et des niveaux actionnes par boucle |
US6861827B1 (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2005-03-01 | System General Corp. | Low drop-out voltage regulator and an adaptive frequency compensation |
JP4676000B2 (ja) * | 2005-06-27 | 2011-04-27 | ローズマウント インコーポレイテッド | 動的に調節可能な電力消費量無線周波数通信を備えたフィールド装置 |
US8868946B2 (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2014-10-21 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Maintaining power to a powered device during a low power mode of the powered device |
US8847565B2 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-09-30 | Nxp B.V. | Shunt regulator for adverse voltage/circuit conditions |
US9374855B2 (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2016-06-21 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Power line communication for lighting systems |
-
2018
- 2018-03-23 GB GB1804718.3A patent/GB2572223B/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-03-15 AU AU2019238961A patent/AU2019238961B2/en active Active
- 2019-03-15 WO PCT/EP2019/056625 patent/WO2019179902A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2019-03-15 EP EP19711897.9A patent/EP3769294B1/fr active Active
- 2019-03-15 US US16/979,622 patent/US11393325B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5105370A (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1992-04-14 | Fike Corporation | Environmental detection system useful for fire detection and suppression |
US20090167260A1 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2009-07-02 | Manfred Pauritsch | Electrical Power Supply Arrangement and Use Thereof |
EP2706518A1 (fr) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Contrôle de boucle du système d'alarme |
EP2899704A1 (fr) * | 2014-01-28 | 2015-07-29 | Honeywell International Inc. | Dispositifs d'alarme de gestion d'alimentation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US11393325B2 (en) | 2022-07-19 |
AU2019238961A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
AU2019238961B2 (en) | 2021-03-11 |
US20210048836A1 (en) | 2021-02-18 |
GB2572223A (en) | 2019-09-25 |
GB201804718D0 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
EP3769294A1 (fr) | 2021-01-27 |
GB2572223B (en) | 2020-09-23 |
EP3769294B1 (fr) | 2021-10-13 |
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