WO2019179645A1 - Procédé et ensemble de mesure destiné à la détection d'une perturbation électromagnétique sur l'âme dun conducteur électrique - Google Patents

Procédé et ensemble de mesure destiné à la détection d'une perturbation électromagnétique sur l'âme dun conducteur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019179645A1
WO2019179645A1 PCT/EP2018/081817 EP2018081817W WO2019179645A1 WO 2019179645 A1 WO2019179645 A1 WO 2019179645A1 EP 2018081817 W EP2018081817 W EP 2018081817W WO 2019179645 A1 WO2019179645 A1 WO 2019179645A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
line
interference
signal
core
detected
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/081817
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Hofmann
Bernd Janssen
Heiko Weber
Original Assignee
Leoni Kabel Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leoni Kabel Gmbh filed Critical Leoni Kabel Gmbh
Publication of WO2019179645A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019179645A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/34—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using capacitative elements
    • G01K7/343—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using capacitative elements the dielectric constant of which is temperature dependant

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a measuring arrangement for detecting an electromagnetic interference on a line core of an electrical line.
  • an electrical line in particular an electrical data line
  • the electromagnetic disturbances are, for example, electromagnetic interference with external sources of interference (Electro Magnetic Interferenc, EMI).
  • EMI Electro Magnetic Interferenc
  • the electromagnetic interference can also be caused by internal disturbances within the line itself.
  • An example of this is the so-called cross-talk, in which a signal is coupled from one line pair into the other line pair by inductive and / or capacitive coupling between two adjacent line pairs. Interference can also be caused by adjacent lines or cables.
  • crosstalk also follows, which is referred to as extraneous crosstalk or alien crosstalk (alien cross talk).
  • Such disturbing influences can be noted, for example, by a kind of noise which superimposes the actual data signal transmitted over the line core. Especially with weak signals, this can disturb the transmission of tion, thus leading to a deterioration of the transmission quality, which can also be reflected in the loss of information. This partly leads to unwanted artefacts on the receiver side up to a failure. This should be avoided especially with safety-critical systems.
  • the invention has the object to detect electromagnetic interference, which act on a line core of an electrical line, in particular a data line.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a method for detecting an electromagnetic interference on a line core of an electrical line, wherein the line core has a (receiving) antenna designed for the interference influences line element and a due to the interference in the line element coupled interference signal is detected and evaluated.
  • the receiving antenna is a so-called passive element, into which the electromagnetic interference, that is to say in particular electromagnetic alternating fields originating from a source of interference, is coupled in.
  • an interference signal is generated in the receiving antenna, which can be detected and evaluated.
  • no voltage is applied to the antenna for detecting the interference signal and there is otherwise no active coupling of a voltage / current or a signal into the antenna.
  • the conductor core itself has-preferably in addition to the line element formed as an antenna-at least one (further) line element, in particular a plurality of (further) line elements.
  • the at least one (further) line element is in particular an electrical wire or a wire pair.
  • an electrical conductor Under a vein is generally understood an electrical conductor, which is surrounded by an insulating jacket.
  • the core is usually surrounded by an outer sheath made of an insulating material.
  • the lead core is surrounded by a shield, which is also referred to as the overall screen. This is typically arranged between the conductor core and the outer jacket.
  • the detection of the disturbing influence on the line core is made possible in a simple manner. By evaluating it is then possible to take into account the interference in the actual transfer function of the electrical line and, for example, to improve the transmission quality itself or the detection of transmitted signals.
  • the line element designed as a receiving antenna is either a bare, non-insulated conductor and preferably a wire. In particular, it is an unshielded wire.
  • the line element designed as an antenna extends in this case in particular over the entire length of the line core. According to a first embodiment, it runs parallel to a line longitudinal direction and is designed, for example, as a central element that runs along a center axis of the line.
  • the antenna is formed as a kind of loop.
  • the antenna for example, two running within the line core elements, for example, two wires, which are connected to each other electrically conductively, for example, at a line or wire end.
  • the antenna that is to say the conductor or the wire, runs in a helical manner within the line core and is wound, for example, around one or more further line elements of the transmission core.
  • the antenna is formed by a wire pair, which is connected to the evaluation unit.
  • the measurement of the interference signal is generally carried out with respect to a reference potential, which is, for example, the ground potential.
  • a reference potential which is, for example, the ground potential.
  • the end of the antenna (core) opposite the evaluation unit or receiving unit can somehow be adapted, short-circuited or open.
  • an open end or else a short-circuited end is used in particular, since this causes an amplification of the interference signal as a result of reflection.
  • the core of the core is surrounded by at least one shielding, thus having at least one overall shield.
  • an internal as well as an external interference is detected via the antenna integrated in the line core.
  • Internal interference is understood to mean an influence that is caused by electromagnetic interference occurring within the core, such as negative connotation.
  • external disturbances result from external sources of interference which are arranged outside the line core and the line. Even in the case of a cable provided with the shield (overall shield), such an external interference influence is determined in the preferred embodiment via the antenna, and preferably also an external interference source is identified.
  • the method is primarily designed to detect such external disturbances, which have their origin in a source of interference outside the line and penetrate into the line (thus influencing it).
  • the source of interference is, for example, electrical components, such as a motor, a converter or a (high-voltage) power transmission line, which generate electromagnetic interference fields that influence the line.
  • an external source of interference can also be an external cable or an external line, the external interference being in particular the foreign crosstalk.
  • This concerns at least one, preferably all of the following variables, namely amplitude, frequency spectrum and / or time profile.
  • the complete waveform of the interfering signal is evaluated.
  • this includes not only the existence of the interference signal but also the qualitative or quantitative evaluation of the interference signal with regard to at least one signal parameter. From these properties of the interference signal can then draw conclusions for example on the source of interference. At the same time, due to the precise knowledge of the interference signal, it is possible to take this into account in a targeted manner when receiving / evaluating a transmission signal which is transmitted via the electrical line, thereby increasing the reception or the transmission quality.
  • the type of interference source and / or the strength of the interference source are preferably also deduced.
  • the type of interference source is understood to be an identification of the type or type of interference source, such as the distinction between different types of electrical components such as motor, power line or other data line.
  • spectral information is extracted from the interference signal, in particular as indications of the interference source or as characteristic features for the interference source.
  • a frequency analysis of the interference signal is made.
  • an evaluation unit or measuring device for evaluating the interference signal for example, measuring devices and measuring methods based on frequency are used here.
  • time-based measuring methods and corresponding measuring devices are used, such as, for example, a TDR / TDT method (Time Domain Reflectometry / Time Domain Transmission).
  • a method is used based on a method as described in WO 2018/086949 A1, which is referred to as VVTT method. This is a voltage-discrete time-measuring method, which will be described in more detail below
  • LCRs level crossing rates
  • the electrical line is used in particular for the transmission of data signals, which are fed in at a first end from a transmitting unit and received at a second end from a receiving unit.
  • the data signals are optionally fed into the line core which defines the antenna or into a separate data line element.
  • the interference influences the transmission quality of such data signals.
  • the data signals are in particular high-frequency data signals with a frequency greater than one megahertz. The frequency is preferably in the one-, two- or even three-digit megahertz range.
  • the determined interference signal is taken into account on the reception side of the data signals, either directly upon receiving and identifying the data signal as such and / or during the evaluation of the data signal.
  • the interference signal is generally superimposed on the actual data signal (useful signal) in the manner of a noise, so that therefore the signal amplitude of the entire superimposed signal is typically increased in comparison to the pure data signal.
  • the data signal is extracted, for example, from the received total signal, for example by subtraction of the interference signal from the received total signal.
  • the received interference signal is optionally amplified with a 180 ° phase rotation and back into the line element
  • the data-line element is preferably an additional line element (for example, a wire or also a pair of wires, in particular unshielded), which is arranged running parallel to the antenna in addition to the antenna in the line.
  • Some methods of measurement rely on exceeding a given signal amplitude threshold (voltage level) as the tripping threshold. Specifically, this is the aforementioned discrete-time timing method mentioned. Since the interfering signal increases the signal amplitude (the signal level), this can lead to a falsification of the triggering threshold and thus to a corruption in the signal detection. Any required threshold values for such measuring methods are therefore adapted accordingly, taking into account the interference signal level. That is, in general, the disturbance-related noise, for example a time average, for the determination of the threshold value is taken into account, for example, added to a desired (without interference signal) desired threshold value.
  • the identification and evaluation of the interference signal and, if necessary, identification of possible sources of interference are generally in the foreground.
  • An optimization of the data signals (useful signals) after a kind of noise cancelation, however, is less relevant and not provided in a preferred variant.
  • the evaluation of the interference signal therefore serves in this preferred variant exclusively for the identification and, if necessary, checking of the interference sources / the line.
  • the interference signal is recorded in time-recurring measurements and checked for changes. This is preferably carried out within the framework of condition monitoring, so that the functionality of, for example, the electrical line itself or possibly also of other components is monitored over time. If in the present case time-recurring measurements are used, it is understood that the distance between two successive detections / evaluations of the interference signals is at least several minutes, preferably several hours, more preferably several days and more preferably several weeks. Preferably, the detection / evaluation of the interference signal takes place at periodic intervals.
  • the evaluation unit or receiving unit for detecting the interference signal in this case comprises a comparator, via which an adjustable threshold value for a voltage level is specified. If this is exceeded, a binary signal, that is a signal pulse, is generated by the comparator. Furthermore, a period of time from a start time to the over / underflow of the reference voltage
  • the time and the threshold form a value pair.
  • the predefined threshold value is then successively varied, in particular increased, and pairs of values consisting of the time duration between the start time and the exceeding of the respective threshold value are successively detected in the course of many individual measurements. From these pairs of values, the height and type of the interference signal is finally determined.
  • a mean time duration over a plurality of individual measurements with the same threshold value is used as the time duration.
  • the start time is not fixed but arbitrary. By averaging over a plurality of individual measurements, a mean time duration characteristic of the signal is thus determined, which correlates to a frequency of the signal, so that information about the frequency is obtained from the mean time duration.
  • the average time to overshoot or undershoot a voltage value would be about 1 / (2 * f), where f is the frequency.
  • the result is a characteristic average time as a function of the voltage (above the voltage threshold, which is varied).
  • the voltage threshold generally also contains amplitude information. From this information (pairs of values formed from amplitude as well as associated duration / frequency) conclusions about the type of disturbance can be drawn.
  • exceeding the voltage threshold value is selected as the starting time, ie, the time is taken as the time from exceeding the voltage threshold value to the next exceeding of the voltage threshold value.
  • the measured time between the overshoots or undershoots of the voltage threshold corresponds to a periodic signal of the period T and thus the reciprocal frequency 1 / f.
  • This variant is advantageous in that the number of individual measurements is less than in the variant described first.
  • the object is further achieved according to the invention by a measuring arrangement for detecting an electromagnetic interference on a line core of an electrical line, wherein the line core has a line element designed as an antenna for the disturbing influences and furthermore an evaluation unit is provided, which is provided for detecting and evaluating an in-line element the antenna is formed due to an interference signal injected interference signal.
  • FIGS. show in partially simplified representations:
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a measuring arrangement with an evaluation unit and an electrical line connected thereto
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram representation of the measuring arrangement in an exemplary
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional representation of an exemplary electrical line to be monitored.
  • FIG. 1 shows a measuring arrangement 2 which has an evaluation unit 4 and an electrical line 6 to be monitored connected thereto.
  • the line 6 is, in particular, a data line which is designed to transmit electrical data signals D.
  • the line 6 typically has a plurality of line elements, which are preferably surrounded by a common insulating jacket.
  • data signals D are fed into the line 6 via a transmitting unit 8 and are received by a receiving unit 10 at an end of the line 6 opposite the transmitting unit 8.
  • the receiving unit 10 and the evaluation unit 4 are integrated in the embodiment in a common connection unit 12.
  • the line 6 is connected at its one end to the connection unit 12 and at its other end to the transmission unit 8.
  • a connector 14 is provided at least at one, preferably at both ends.
  • the line 6 is generally exposed to electromagnetic alternating fields which form electromagnetic interference E for the line 6.
  • electromagnetic interference E for the line 6.
  • an interference source 16 which is arranged outside the line 6.
  • this is an electrical component, such as an electric motor, a high-voltage component, such as a high-voltage line or other electrical components that generate alternating electric fields in their operation.
  • voltage ranges are typically understood to be from a few 100 volts to 1,000 or even up to 1,500 volts.
  • the line 6 is laid in particular in an environment with one or more potential external interference sources 16.
  • the line 6 is laid inside a vehicle, especially a motor vehicle.
  • a vehicle especially a motor vehicle.
  • the line is a hybrid or electric vehicle.
  • the line is laid within a tool or production machine or in the immediate vicinity of such machines.
  • the electromagnetic interference E can lead to an impairment of the data transmission.
  • a (receiving) antenna 18 designed for the disturbances E-formed line element is integrated. By coupling the interference field into the antenna 18, an interference signal S is generated therein, which is detected and evaluated by the evaluation unit 4.
  • the evaluation is carried out to the effect that based on the interference signal S is closed to the existence of a source of interference, that is based on the detected interference signal S is checked whether an external interference source 16 is present.
  • the type of interference source 16 is also closed by the evaluation of the interference signal S. This is done, for example, by a frequency analysis of the interference signal S.
  • the determined interference signal S is also taken into account in the acquisition and evaluation of the data signal D.
  • the received data signal D is corrected on the basis of the information obtained by the interfering signal S.
  • the interference signal S is subtracted from the total signal detected by the receiving unit 10 in order to extract a data signal D corrected by the interference signal S.
  • the received interference signal is optionally amplified and coupled back in with a 180 ° phase rotation, so that the interference signal is at least reduced in terms of noise cancellation.
  • the receiving unit 10 is suitably formed in example. In one embodiment, a consideration of the interference signal S for the detection and evaluation of the data signal is not provided.
  • the interference signal S is also checked with regard to possible damage to the line 6 itself in order to be able to determine, for example, a defective shielding 20 (for shielding 20 cf. FIG. 3).
  • the interference signal S is preferably detected and evaluated at recurring time intervals.
  • the determined interference signals S are compared with each other and at a deviation which exceeds, for example, a certain tolerance threshold, an error signal is output.
  • a strong increase in a signal level of the interference signal S indicates, for example, damage to the shield 20.
  • characteristic changes in the interference signal S can be indications of defects in the external interference sources 16 or indicate new sources of interference. In this respect, this also allows indi rect monitoring of the interference sources 16, such as electrical consumers or other electrical components and provided.
  • the evaluation unit 4 uses the interference signal S to deduce a current data transmission, for example as a result of such crosstalk. Specifically, therefore, it can be detected whether at the current measurement time, a data traffic takes place within the line 6, or a measurement is only performed when there is no data traffic.
  • an evaluation of the sensor signal this is understood in particular a) the detection of an external interference source 16 / an external interference E (interference field) and preferably the evaluation of such interference, for example, the evaluation of the interference signal in terms of amplitude, frequency and / or waveform
  • a measurement of the interference signal takes place optionally during a transmission pause or alternatively also during a data transmission.
  • the line 6 has an antenna 18. This can additionally be used as a sensor line 22 and / or for the transmission of data. Preferably, the antenna 18 is used only for detecting the interference signal.
  • An additional sensor line 22 is integrated, for example, in the line 6. Specifically, when the sensor line 22 also uses as the antenna 18, two different types of operation are preferably provided: On the one hand, a sensor operation for detecting a state variable of the line 6 or the environment. On the other hand, an EMI operation for detecting the interference signal S.
  • the measuring arrangement 2 is generally designed to carry out only the EMI operation or to carry out both the EMI operation and the sensor operation. If the measuring arrangement 2 is configured merely to carry out the EMI operation, the sensor line 22 is preferably dispensed with.
  • the sensor line 22 or the antenna 18 is preferably a wire.
  • the antenna is designed as a simple wire.
  • a sensor signal SO is fed into the sensor line 22 by means of a feed unit 24, which runs through the sensor line 22 over the length of the line 6 and preferably at a particular open line end of the sensor line 22 and reflected as a reflected sensor signal SO "on the Supply side is received again.
  • the feed unit 24 is therefore also designed as a receiving unit.
  • the received reflected sensor signal S0 ' is evaluated. This is preferably done within the evaluation unit 4.
  • the evaluation unit 4 has an optional signal generator 26 (only for the sensor operation, in an embodiment variant in which only the EMI operation is provided, the signal generator 26 is not required and in particular also not present), furthermore a microcontroller 28, a time measuring element 30 and a comparator 32.
  • the microcontroller 28 generally serves to control and carry out the method. For example, the microcontroller 28 outputs a start signal T1 for performing a respective measurement. This start signal T1 initiates the output of the sensor signal SO by the signal generator 26. This is reflected in the line 6, especially in the sensor line 22, there reflected in particular at the open end and finally the comparator 32nd fed.
  • the injected sensor signal SO is, in particular, a stepped or rectangular signal with a steep rising edge.
  • a threshold value W is set.
  • a stop signal T2 in the form of a binary voltage pulse is sent to the timing element, which then determines the time duration t between the start signal T1 and the stop signal T2 and transmits it to the microcontroller 28.
  • Such a single measurement is repeated many times (eg more than 10, in particular more than 50 or 100 individual measurements), the threshold value W being changed in each case for successive individual measurements.
  • the microcontroller 28 acquires a value pair, which is composed of the time duration t and the threshold value W set for the respective measurement. A multiplicity of such individual measurements are successively performed, so that a large number of such value pairs (t n ; W n ) are obtained, which more or less reproduce the signal curve of the reflected sensor signal S0 ".
  • the detection of the interference signal S in the EMI mode is carried out in a similar manner, albeit with the essential difference that no sensor signal SO is actively fed.
  • the detection of the interference signal S is purely passive, that is, the evaluation unit 4 detects only the interference signal S coupled into the antenna 18 as a result of the coupling in. Thus, no signal is actively coupled into the antenna 18. Therefore, the difference to the method described above is that there is no feeding of a sensor signal SO.
  • a "start signal" T1 is transmitted to the time measuring element 30 via the microcontroller 28 as reference time. From this reference time, the respective measurement is running.
  • a stop signal T2 is again generated, transmitted to the time measuring element 30, and the time duration is assigned to the respective threshold value and a value pair is created obtained as described above. This is repeated many times and with varying values for the threshold value W, so that a multiplicity of value pairs is determined, which overall represent the temporal signal curve and thus a frequency spectrum of the interference signal S.
  • the signal curve can then be approximated, for example, by a mathematical fit and used for further evaluation, for example with regard to a frequency analysis, etc.
  • the time for the start signal T 1 is chosen arbitrarily for the individual measurements.
  • the large number of measurements determines a mean time duration and thus also a mean temporal signal course.
  • the exceeding of the threshold value W is used as the time for the start signal T 1.
  • the line 6 is in particular a data line. An example of this is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the line 6 generally has a line core 34, which is surrounded by the above-mentioned shield 20. These are, for example, a foil screen, a braid screen or any other screen or else a multi-layer screen assembly of combinations thereof.
  • a closed screen is preferably formed by the shield 20, that is, the guide core 34 completely covered with a high degree of coverage, example, greater than 90%, and preferably encloses the entire surface.
  • a variety of shield structures as they are well known, possible.
  • the shield 20 is in turn surrounded by an outer sheath 36.
  • a plurality of line elements with electrical functions are arranged within the conductor core 34 enclosed by the shield 20, a plurality of line elements with electrical functions are arranged.
  • a total of four wire pairs 38 are arranged, wherein a respective wire pair 38 forms a transmission channel for a respective data signal D.
  • Wire pairs 38 are in particular stranded wires 40 without further wrapping. Preferably, these are unshielded.
  • the pair of wires 38 is thus as so-called UTP line element formed (unshielded twistet pair).
  • the cores 40 also run parallel to one another and / or are surrounded by a pair shielding or a foil. In the exemplary embodiment, some optional filler strands 42 are also shown.
  • a respective core 40 or a respective pair of wires 38 each forms a line element of the line 6.
  • the already mentioned antenna 18 is likewise designed as an (unshielded) wire 40 and is guided centrally as a central element in the line 6.
  • a respective core 40 generally has an electrical conductor 44 and an insulation 46 surrounding it.
  • the antenna 18 is also designed as the sensor line 22 at the same time or is used as a sensor line 22.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Transmission In General (AREA)

Abstract

Le procédé et l'ensemble de mesure permettent la détection d'une perturbation électromagnétique sur l'âme du conducteur électrique. L'âme du conducteur présente un élément conducteur conçu sous forme d'antenne pour les perturbations et un signal parasite injecté dans l'antenne en raison de la perturbation est détecté et évalué.
PCT/EP2018/081817 2018-03-19 2018-11-19 Procédé et ensemble de mesure destiné à la détection d'une perturbation électromagnétique sur l'âme dun conducteur électrique WO2019179645A1 (fr)

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DE102018003291.5 2018-03-19

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PCT/EP2018/081816 WO2019179644A1 (fr) 2018-03-19 2018-11-19 Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer une température actuelle

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DE102019106952A1 (de) * 2019-03-19 2020-09-24 Kromberg & Schubert Gmbh & Co. Kg Messvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Überwachung von statischen oder dynamisch veränderlichen Eigenschaften eines elektrischen Leiters in einer Übertragungsstrecke

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