WO2019173543A1 - Luminaire et système d'éclairage fournissant une sortie de lumière directionnelle - Google Patents

Luminaire et système d'éclairage fournissant une sortie de lumière directionnelle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019173543A1
WO2019173543A1 PCT/US2019/021055 US2019021055W WO2019173543A1 WO 2019173543 A1 WO2019173543 A1 WO 2019173543A1 US 2019021055 W US2019021055 W US 2019021055W WO 2019173543 A1 WO2019173543 A1 WO 2019173543A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
output
lighting system
optical
light guide
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PCT/US2019/021055
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English (en)
Inventor
Eric Bretschneider
Louis Lerman
Ferdinand SCHINAGL
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Quarkstar Llc
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Publication of WO2019173543A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019173543A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
    • H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
    • H04B10/116—Visible light communication

Definitions

  • the present technology relates to luminaires and lighting systems that are configured to provide visible light for space illumination and visible, near-visible or other light for data communication.
  • BACKGROUND Light sources are used in a variety of applications, such as providing general illumination and providing light for electronic displays (e.g., LCDs).
  • incandescent light sources have been widely used for general illumination purposes.
  • Incandescent light sources produce light by heating a filament wire to a high temperature until it glows. The hot filament is protected from oxidation in the air with a glass enclosure that is filled with inert gas or evacuated.
  • Incandescent light sources are gradually being replaced in many applications by other types of electric lights, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • CFL compact fluorescent lamps
  • CCFL cold cathode fluorescent lamps
  • LEDs light-emitting diodes
  • a variety of luminaires are configured to manipulate light provided by one or more light-emitting elements (LEEs).
  • LEEs light-emitting elements
  • embodiments of the luminaires feature one or more optical couplers (e.g., parabolic reflectors) that redirect light from the LEEs to a reflector which then directs the light into a range of angles.
  • Some luminaires includes a light guide that guides light from the optical coupler to the redirecting reflector.
  • the components of the luminaire are configured in a variety of ways so a variety of intensity distributions can be output by the luminaire.
  • such luminaires are configured to provide light for particular lighting applications, including office lighting, task lighting, cabinet lighting, garage lighting, wall wash, stack lighting, and down-lighting.
  • Wireless data communication traditionally requires a separate transceiver such as a WiFiTM, Bluetooth ® , IrDA ® or other router to establish up and downlinks with user devices.
  • luminaires have been proposed to act as transceivers by way of communicating data encoded in the visible light they provide for space illumination or some other form of light near the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This is generally referred to as visible light communication (VLC) and has been a field of active development for several years.
  • VLC visible light communication
  • Such development has focused on enabling traditional luminaire technology for VLC. Examples include complementing the luminaires with uplink capabilities and mitigate interference from modulation of the light superimposed on that for space illumination.
  • Typical fixture architectures need to be complemented with various components such as additional optics to enable VLC, in particular the use of other than visible light. As such there has been a long-felt need to mitigate this situation.
  • a lighting system includes a fixture including an optical system configured to output light for space illumination.
  • the optical system has a first output aperture through which both (i) light with encoded downlink data is output, and (ii) light with encoded uplink data is received.
  • the lighting system further includes a light engine including one or more light-emitting elements (LEEs).
  • the light engine is optically coupled with an input aperture of the optical system to provide, to the optical system, the light for space illumination.
  • the lighting system includes a data routing device operatively coupled with the optical system or the light engine and configured to (i) process the downlink data and the uplink data, and (ii) establish operative communication with one or more devices based on the light emitted and received through the first output aperture.
  • the optical system is configured to output the light for space illumination through the first output aperture. In some implementations, the optical system is configured to output the light for space illumination through a second output aperture of the optical system different from the first aperture.
  • the data routing device can be directly optically coupled to the optical system to provide the light with encoded downlink data, and receive the light with encoded uplink data.
  • the lighting system can include multiple fibers having first ends and second ends.
  • the fibers are configured to guide light received at the first ends to the second ends.
  • the optical system can have multiple input apertures optically coupled with the second ends, and the light engine can be optically coupled with at least some of the first ends.
  • the light engine can be spaced apart from the fixture.
  • the data routing device can be remote from the fixture.
  • the lighting system can include multiple fibers having first ends and second ends. Here, the fibers are configured to guide light received at the first ends to the second ends.
  • the optical system can have multiple input apertures optically coupled with the second ends, and the data routing device is optically coupled with at least some of the first ends.
  • the data routing device can output visible light. Further, the data routing device can receive visible light.
  • the light with encoded downlink data can be infrared light. Further, the light with encoded uplink data can be infrared light.
  • the fixture can include the light engine.
  • the lighting system can include a wire connection configured to operatively interconnect the data routing device and the light engine via electrical signals.
  • the light engine is configured to modulate the light emitted by the light engine to superimpose the downlink data based on the electrical signals.
  • the light engine is configured to determine the uplink data based on a response of one or more of the LEEs to light with encoded uplink data, and to provide the uplink data via additional electrical signals to the data routing device.
  • the wire connection is configured as a power-line communication connection or a Power over Ethernet connection.
  • the lighting system can include a fiber amplifier configured to amplify the light with embedded uplink data.
  • the lighting system can include a phosphor configured to convert the light with embedded uplink data from a first spectral range into infrared light.
  • the lighting system can include a sensor configured to convert the light with embedded uplink data into electrical signals, and a wire connection for providing the electrical signals to the data routing device.
  • the optical system is configured to output the light with embedded downlink data in a first spatial distribution and output the light for space illumination in a second spatial distribution different from the first spatial distribution.
  • the data routing device can operatively connect to multiple fixtures to provide bi-directional communication with the one or more devices via the multiple fixtures over an extended spatial range. In some implementations, the data routing device is configured to connect to and provide bi-directional communication with the Internet.
  • the lighting system can include multiple fixtures and multiple data routing devices, each of the fixtures including one of the data routing devices and the multiple data routing devices configured to establish a mesh network with one another.
  • the data routing device can include one or more of a modem, hub, bridge, switch, router, gateway or data terminal equipment.
  • the optical system can include solid optical system components. In some cases, all of the solid optical system components can be formed of solid transparent material. In some implementations, the light engine and the optical system of the lighting system can be arranged and configured as the corresponding components of the luminaire module 1305. In some cases, the optical extractor of the optical system of the lighting system can be implemented as the light shaping optical article 1440. In some implementations, the light engine and the optical system of the lighting system can be arranged and configured as the corresponding components of the luminaire module 1505. In some implementations, the light engine and the optical system of the lighting system can be arranged and configured as the corresponding components of the luminaire module 1605.
  • the light engine and the optical system of the lighting system can be arranged and configured as the corresponding components of the luminaire 1705 A. In other implementations, the light engine and the optical system of the lighting system can be arranged and configured as the corresponding components of the luminaire 1705B.
  • multiple light engines and corresponding multiple optical systems of the lighting system can be arranged and configured as the corresponding components of the multiple luminaire modules 1910, 1920 of the luminaire 1905.
  • multiple light engines and corresponding multiple optical systems of the lighting system can be arranged and configured as the corresponding components of the multiple luminaire modules 2010, 2020 of the luminaire 2005.
  • the fixture of the lighting system can be arranged and configured as the fixture 2105 including multiple luminaire modules 2110, 2120.
  • the fixture of the lighting system can be arranged and configured as the fixture 2205 including multiple luminaire modules 2210, 2220.
  • FIG 1 shows a schematic view of a lighting system.
  • FIG 2 shows a schematic view of another lighting system.
  • FIG 3 shows a schematic view of yet another lighting system.
  • FIGs. 4-8, 9A-9B, 10, 11 A-l 1B and 12 show block diagrams of various lighting systems according to the present technology.
  • FIGs. 13A-13G show aspects of example luminaire modules that include components similar to the components used in the light engines and the optical systems of the lighting systems described herein.
  • FIG. 14A-14C show aspects of a light shaping optical article used to shape light provided by the lighting systems described herein.
  • FIGs. 15A-15C show aspects of another example of a luminaire module having components similar to the components used in the light engines and the optical systems of the lighting systems described herein.
  • FIGs. 16A-16D show aspects of another example of a luminaire module having components similar to the components used in the light engines and the optical systems of the lighting systems described herein.
  • FIG. 17A-17D show aspects of example light engines and optical systems similar to the ones used in the lighting systems described herein.
  • FIG. 18 A is a cross sectional view of a portion of a luminaire module similar to the optical systems described herein, the luminaire module having multiple independently controllable sets of LEEs and corresponding light guides and an electronically controllable fluid between the light guides.
  • FIG. 18B is a cross sectional view of a portion of a luminaire module similar to the optical systems described herein, the luminaire module having multiple independently controllable sets of LEEs and corresponding light guides and a liquid crystal sheet between the light guides.
  • FIGs. 19A-19B show aspects of an example of a luminaire having multiple luminaire modules that can be used in the lighting systems described herein.
  • FIG. 20 is an exploded view of another example of a luminaire having multiple luminaire modules that can be used in the lighting systems described herein.
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view of an example of a fixture including multiple luminaire modules that can be used in the lighting systems described herein.
  • FIG. 22 is a perspective view of another example of a fixture including multiple luminaire modules that can be used in the lighting systems described herein.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a computerized electronic device.
  • the noted disclosures provide embodiments that show how ECVF and other technologies can collect and manipulate light from an array of light emitting elements (LEEs) such as light emitting diodes.
  • LOEs light emitting elements
  • the following extensions describe possibilities for applications and extensions of embodiments that take advantage of the core technology and detail novel ways to embed visible, near-visible or other light for data communication in the light already provided by the noted optical systems, luminaire modules and other luminaire/fixture components for space illumination and additionally how to provide an uplink for data communication using like system components.
  • the optical system by itself or in combination with other system components may be considered a transceiver for data communication.
  • FIG 1 shows a schematic view of an example lighting system 100 configured to provide light for space illumination and output and receive infrared (IR) light for data communication.
  • the example lighting system 100 includes a fixture 105 including an optical system 130 and a housing (not shown).
  • the optical system 130 is shown in a sectional view indicative of a wide variety of geometries, for example a straight or curvilinear extension (perpendicular to the x-z plane), axial- symmetric (about z-axis), tubular/toroidal (around z-axis), polygonal arrangement or other geometry.
  • the optical system 130 includes an incoupling portion 133, a light guide 135 and an extractor 137.
  • the optical system 130 is formed from a single solid transparent optic.
  • the incoupling portion 133, the light guide 135 and the extractor 137 are integrally formed.
  • the optical system 130 is formed from a combination of one or more solid transparent optics and/or one or more hollow transparent optics. Many of the forgoing implementations of the optical system 130 have been described in the noted references incorporated herein.
  • the incoupling portion 133 is optically coupled with one or more optical fibers 120 to receive light guided by the optical fiber(s) 120 and generated by a SSL (solid-state lighting) engine 111 and IR (infrared) engine 115.
  • the SSL engine 111 is configured to generate light for space illumination. Further aspects of such optical systems are described in detail in the above noted references.
  • the optical system 130 is configured to emit light as schematically indicated by the light distribution patterns 180’, 180”, 180’”, and 190’, 190” and 190’”. These distribution patterns are mirror symmetrical with respect to the optical axis of the optical system 130 within the sectional plane. Distribution patterns in other examples can have other or no symmetries.
  • the upward pointing lobes 190’, 190” can provide indirect illumination to a space by providing light for illuminating the ceiling.
  • the downward pointing lobe(s) 190’” provide direct illumination of a target surface below the fixture 105.
  • the IR engine 115 is configured to generate infrared light for the downlink portion of the data communication, for example IR light within a wavelength range of about 1.2 to 1.8 micrometer.
  • the transparent solid optical system 130 and the fibers 120 include materials a refractive index that is similar in the noted IR wavelength range and the visible spectrum.
  • the emission pattern of the light for space illumination 190’, 190” and 190’” is similar to that of the light for data communication 180’, 180” and 180’”.
  • coverage of solid angles for downlink data communication and space illumination are alike and can provide a downlink 181 to a user communication device 20.
  • the user communication device 20 can be implemented, e.g., like the computing devices 2300, 2350 described below in connection with FIG. 23.
  • optical system 130 is expected to act as a suitable receiver for light received from within respective solid angles of the light output distribution pattern. As such the optical system 130 is being used as a receiver to enable uplink 183 from the user device 20. Of interest are the solid angles covered by 180’, 180” and, in this example, specifically 180’”.
  • uplink and downlink for a bi- directional communication can be half or full duplex. Generally, such configuration can be fixed in the lighting system, or the lighting system can be configured to alter between half and full- duplex operation based on signal-to-noise conditions during operation.
  • the user device 20 is configured to emit and receive IR light to operate respective uplink 183 and downlink 181 portions of the data communication.
  • IR light received by the fixture 105 from the user device 20 can be captured by the extractor 137 of the optical system 130 and guided up the light guide 135, collimated by the incoupling portion 133 and fed into the fibers 120, then guided upstream with the fibers 120 to a drive-control system (DCS) 110.
  • DCS drive-control system
  • the DCS 110 is configured to extract the embedded uplink signal and optionally amplify it for processing by a data routing device, in this example a router 113.
  • the data routing device 113 is operatively coupled with a network 10.
  • the network 10 can be a hierarchical network, for example the Internet, a mesh network or other network topology provided the data routing device 113 is accordingly configured.
  • the data routing device is configured to form a mesh network with one or more nearby fixtures in which case the data routing device can act as a repeater or network extender to extend the range of spatial coverage for communication.
  • router components referred to using the term router as noted in the instant as well as other examples described in this document may be replaced with a hub, bridge, switch, gateway or other active network node that can establish, extend or otherwise provide a data communications network among user devices. Such devices are generally referred to using the term“data routing device”.
  • the data routing device 113 in this example is optically coupled with the optical system 130 via the same fiber(s) 120 that optically couple the SSL engine 111 and the IR engine 115 with the optical system 130.
  • the superposition/mixing of downstream light occurs within the DCS 110.
  • the DCS can include components like the components of the computing device 2300 described below in connection with FIG. 23.
  • FIG 2 shows a schematic view of another example lighting system 200 configured to provide light for space illumination and output and receive visible light for downlink 281 and uplink 283 portions of a data communication with a user device 30.
  • the example lighting system 200 includes a fixture 205 including a straight elongate optical system 230 and a light engine 250 controlled by the SSL driver 240.
  • the optical system 230 includes an incoupling system 233, a light guide 235 and an extractor 237.
  • the extractor 237 is configured to output forward light in light distribution pattern 290 for space illumination and forward light for a downlink data communication 280 in like solid angles.
  • a data routing device here a router 210, is operatively connected 214 with the SSL driver and configured to modulate the drive signal 241 for the light engine 250 to superimpose data onto the light output for space illumination. Solutions for such superpositions are readily known in the art.
  • the example fixture 205 includes a sensor system 211 arranged near, at or on the light engine 250.
  • the sensor system includes one or more sensors 211 configured to sense received light that travels upstream the optical path of the optical system 230.
  • the sensor system is configured to filter uplink signals from noise and convert the result into an electrical signal that is coupled via a wire connection 220 to the data routing device 210.
  • the data routing device 210 of the example lighting system 200 is operatively interconnected with the fixture 205 via electrical wires rather than by fiber optics.
  • the data routing device 210 can be configured to connect to network 10 via fiber or wire connection 220 and/or be configured to establish a mesh network (not shown).
  • Other aspects that distinguish between the two example lighting systems 100 and 200 include the distribution of the output light and the inclusion of the light engine 250 in the fixture. It is noted that further examples, may employ other combinations of aspects and may differ from each other as such, for instance in manners described below in connection with FIGs. 4 through 12.
  • FIG 3 shows a schematic view of yet another example lighting system 300 configured to provide light for space illumination and output and receive visible, infrared (IR) and/or other light for data communication.
  • the example lighting system 300 includes a fixture 305 including a SSL driver 340 and two, optionally three or more, optical systems 330a, 330b, 330c and a housing (not shown).
  • the driver 340 is operatively coupled with the light engines 350a, and optional 350b and/or 350c and can be included in the fixture 305.
  • the optical systems 330a, 330b and 330c are shown in a sectional view - 330c is shown in dashed lines to indicate it is optional. They are generally configured as described herein and in the prior noted references.
  • Each optical system 330a/b/c includes a respective light guide and extractor and can be spaced apart or abutting each other with or without reflective separation layers.
  • the extractors 337a and 337c of optical systems 330a and 330c, respectively, are configured to output light substantially opposite of each other.
  • the combination of the light distribution pattern 390a’ and, if present, 390c’ of the light output in backward directions (positive z-directions) can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
  • the combination of the light distribution pattern 390a” and, if present, 390c” of the light output in forward directions (negative z-directions) can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
  • the light distribution pattern of the light output by the extractor 337b of the optical system 330b in this example, is in forward directions only.
  • the fixture 305 can be configured to output/receive light from/by the optical system 330b for data communication, space illumination or both data communication and space illumination.
  • the optical system 330b can be optionally equipped with a light engine 340b configured to generate light for space illumination.
  • the instant example allows the optical system 330b to be designed with an output/receive light distribution pattern 380 that is independent from the light distribution patterns of the optical systems 330a and 330c provided for space illumination.
  • the lighting system 300 can provide a greater degree of freedom to improve robustness of uplink and downlink data communication against noise signaling.
  • the optical system 330b is operatively coupled with a data routing device, here router 310, via one or more optical fibers 320.
  • the data routing device 310 can be configured to connect to network 10 via fiber or wire connection 320 and/or be configured to establish a mesh network (not shown).
  • the example fixture 305 can additionally include a fiber amplifier configured to amplify received uplink light signals.
  • FIGs 4-8, 9A-9B, 10, 11A-11B and 12 show schematic block diagrams of a number of example lighting-communication systems according to various implementations of the present technology.
  • the lighting systems include at least a data routing device, a light engine, an optical system (solid or otherwise) and operative interconnections as described in more detail. Components such as a data routing device, light engine or other components shown as being located remote from one example fixture can be within another example fixture in another implementation.
  • a data routing device here a router 410, and light engine 450 are outside of the fixture 405 and are independently coupled with the optical system 430 of the fixture 405 via separate fiber optics 410’ and 450’, respectively.
  • Uplink and downlink via fiber optics 410’ of the lighting system 400 can use visible, IR or other light or combinations of two or more types of light. In this example as well as generally and depending on the implementation, uplink and downlink can operate within the same or different spectral ranges of light.
  • Fiber optics 410’ and 450’ are optically coupled with the optical system 430 at one or more respective input apertures (not illustrated).
  • a data routing device here router 510, and light engine 550 are both optically coupled with a mixer 590 that superimposes the downlink light with the light for space illumination and then guides the combined light to the optical system 530 via a shared fiber optic 590’.
  • the mixer 590 may be configured to provide a de-mixer/filter for isolating uplink data signals from other signalling that may be considered background to the data routing device 510. Such a de-mixing function also can be integrated in the data routing device 510 directly.
  • the shared fiber optic 590’ can include one or more individual fibers. Uplink and downlink of the lighting system 500 can use visible, IR or other light or combinations of two or more types of light and be configured as described.
  • a data routing device here router 610
  • the light engine 650 is included in the fixture 605 and operatively coupled with the optical system 630 as described herein or the noted references.
  • Uplink and downlink of the lighting system 600 can use visible, IR or other light or combinations of two or more types of light and be configured as described.
  • a data routing device here router 710
  • the light engine 750 is included in the fixture 705 and operatively coupled with the optical system 730 as described herein or the noted references.
  • the uplink of the lighting system 700 can use visible, IR or other light or combinations of two or more types of light and be configured as described.
  • the data routing device 710 is coupled with the light engine 750 via a wire connection.
  • both uplink and downlink between the fixture 705 and a user device 20 are based on visible light.
  • a data routing device here router 810, is coupled with the optical system 830 for downlink purposes via fiber optics 810’.
  • the uplink from the light engine 850 to the data routing device 810 is wire-based.
  • the light engine 850 includes LEDs (not shown) that not only provide light for space illumination but also a sensor system that is configured to isolate an uplink data signal from the light absorbed by the LEDs. As such the LEDs are used to generate light for space illumination and as photoelectric sensors/photodiodes that convert light into electrical signals to enable uplink data communication.
  • the uplink of the lighting system 800 can use visible, IR or other light or combinations of two or more types of light, for example.
  • the example lighting system 900A of FIG 9A is similar to the lighting system 800 except that it includes a dedicated sensor system 980 separate from the light engine 950.
  • the example lighting system 900B of FIG 9B is similar to the lighting system 900A except that it uses a wire coupling between a data routing device, here router 910, and the light engine 950 for the downlink portion of the data communication.
  • a data routing device here router 910
  • the light engine 950 for the downlink portion of the data communication.
  • both uplink and downlink between the fixture 905 and a user device 20 are based on visible light.
  • the fixture 1005 receives and sends data via a powerline adaptor 1070 such as Ethernet over Power (data via traditional line power) or Power over Ethernet (power via Ethernet cable).
  • a powerline adaptor 1070 such as Ethernet over Power (data via traditional line power) or Power over Ethernet (power via Ethernet cable).
  • ETplink and downlink between the fixture 1005 and user devices 20 can be implemented in the same or different ways via visible, near-visible or other light.
  • the example lighting system 1100A of FIG 11 A and the lighting system 1100B of FIG 11B both employ a phosphor 1160 configured to down-convert uplink light received by the optical system 1130 from a user device 20 to longer wavelengths. This can be used for converting visible uplink light from a user device 20 to IR light for example which can then propagate to a data routing device, here router 1110, via the optical fiber 1110’.
  • ETplink and downlink between the data routing device 1110 and the fixture 1105 can be fiber optic (11 lOb”) based as in lighting system 1100B or mixed fiber wire (11 lOa”) based as in lighting system 1100A.
  • the lighting system 1200 of FIG 12 includes a fiber amplifier 1255 that is operatively coupled with an optical system 1230 of the fixture 1205.
  • the fiber amplifier 1255 for example an active or passive rare earth system, can be used to improve signal-to-noise ratio of uplink signals and provide high bandwidth uplink data communication.
  • the uplink portion of the data communication from the fixture 1205 to a data routing device, here router 1210 is preferably fiber based.
  • the downlink portion of the data communication between the data routing device 1210 and the fixture 1205 can be fiber or wire based.
  • a luminaire module 1305 includes a mount 1302 (also referred to as a substrate) having a plurality of LEEs
  • the mount 1302 with the LEEs 1310 is disposed at a first (e.g., upper) edge 133 la of a light guide 1330.
  • luminaire module 1305 Sections through the luminaire module 1305 parallel to the x-z plane are referred to as the“cross- section” or“cross-sectional plane” of the luminaire module. Also, luminaire module 1305 extends along the y-direction, so this direction is referred to as the“longitudinal” direction of the luminaire module. Implementations of luminaire modules can have a plane of symmetry parallel to the y-z plane, be curved or otherwise shaped. This is referred to as the“symmetry plane” of the luminaire module. Referring now to both FIGs. 13 A and 13B, multiple LEEs 1310 are disposed on the first surface of the mount 1302. For example, the plurality of LEEs 1310 can include multiple white LEDs. The LEEs 1310 are optically coupled with one or more optical couplers 1320. An optical extractor 1340 is disposed at second (e.g., lower) edge 133 lb of light guide 1330.
  • a light engine associated with the luminaire module 1305 includes the LEEs 1310.
  • An optical system associated with the luminaire module 1305 includes the optical couplers 1320, the light guide 1330, and the optical extractor 1340.
  • An input aperture associated with the luminaire module 1305 includes corresponding input apertures of the optical couplers 1320. In cases when the optical couplers are omitted, the input aperture associated with the luminaire module 1305 includes corresponding apertures disposed at the input edge 133 la of the light guide 1330.
  • Output apertures associated with the luminaire module 1305 include respective output surfaces 1343, 1346, 1348 of the optical extractor 1340.
  • Mount 1302, light guide 1330, and optical extractor 1340 extend a length L along the y-direction, so that the luminaire module is an elongated luminaire module with an elongation of L that may be about parallel to a wall of a room (e.g., a ceiling of the room).
  • L can vary as desired.
  • L is in a range from about 1 cm to about 200 cm (e.g., 20 cm or more, 30 cm or more, 40 cm or more, 50 cm or more, 60 cm or more, 70 cm or more, 80 cm or more, 100 cm or more, 125 cm or more, or, 150 cm or more).
  • the number of LEEs 1310 on the mount 1302 will generally depend, inter alia , on the length L, where more LEEs are used for longer luminaire modules.
  • the plurality of LEEs 1310 can include between 10 and 1,000 LEEs (e.g., about 50 LEEs, about 100 LEEs, about 200 LEEs, about 500 LEEs).
  • the density of LEEs e.g., number of LEEs per unit length
  • LEEs e.g., number of LEEs per unit length
  • a relatively high density of LEEs can be used in applications where high illuminance is desired or where low power LEEs are used.
  • the luminaire module 1305 has LEE density along its length of 0.1 LEE per centimeter or more (e.g., 0.2 per centimeter or more, 0.5 per centimeter or more, 1 per centimeter or more, 2 per centimeter or more).
  • the density of LEEs may also be based on a desired amount of mixing of light emitted by the multiple LEEs.
  • LEEs can be evenly spaced along the length, L, of the luminaire module.
  • a heat-sink 1312 can be attached to the mount 1302 to extract heat emitted by the plurality of LEEs 1310, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 13 A.
  • the heat-sink 1312 can be disposed on a surface of the mount 1302 opposing the side of the mount 1302 on which the LEEs 1310 are disposed.
  • the luminaire module 1305 can include one or multiple types of LEEs, for example one or more subsets of LEEs in which each subset can have different color or color temperature.
  • optical coupler 1320 includes one or more solid pieces of transparent optical material (e.g., a glass material or a transparent organic plastic, such as polycarbonate or acrylic).
  • the LEEs 1310 are optically coupled with the optical coupler 1320 through respective input apertures such as multiple discrete indentations 1324 of the one or more solid pieces of transparent optical material, the indentations 1324 being distributed along the y-axis.
  • optical coupler 1320 includes one or more hollow reflectors.
  • the LEEs 1310 are optically coupled with the optical coupler 1320 through respective openings 1324 of the one or more hollow reflectors, the openings 1324 being distributed along the y-axis.
  • the LEEs 1310 are spaced apart from the optical coupler 1320, such that the light emitted by the LEEs 1310 is provided to the optical coupler 1320 through multiple optical fibers 1328.
  • a respective output tip of each of the optical fibers 1328 delivers light emitted by the LEEs 1310 to a respective indentation 1324 of each of the solid pieces of transparent optical material of the optical coupler 1320 or a respective opening 1324 of each of the hollow reflectors of the optical coupler 1320.
  • the multiple discrete indentations 1324 may be replaced with one contiguous indentation extending along the y-direction.
  • each of the pieces of transparent optical material of the optical coupler 1320 or each of the hollow reflectors of the optical coupler 1320 has surfaces 1321 and 1322 positioned to reflect light from the LEEs 1310 towards the light guide 1330.
  • surfaces 1321 and 1322 are shaped to collect and at least partially collimate light emitted from the LEEs.
  • surfaces 1321 and 1322 can be straight or curved. Examples of curved surfaces include surfaces having a constant radius of curvature, parabolic or hyperbolic shapes.
  • surfaces 1321 and 1322 are coated with a highly reflective material (e.g., a reflective metal, such as aluminum or silver), to provide a highly reflective optical interface.
  • a highly reflective material e.g., a reflective metal, such as aluminum or silver
  • the cross-sectional profile of optical coupler 1320 can be uniform along the length L of luminaire module 1305. Alternatively, the cross-sectional profile can vary. For example, surfaces 1321 and/or 1322 can be curved out of the x-z plane.
  • the exit aperture of the optical coupler 1320 adjacent upper edge of light guide 133 la is optically coupled to edge 133 la to facilitate efficient coupling of light from the optical coupler 1320 into light guide 1330.
  • the surfaces of a solid coupler and a solid light guide can be attached using a material that substantially matches the refractive index of the material forming the optical coupler 1320 or light guide 1330 or both (e.g., refractive indices across the interface are different by 2% or less.)
  • the optical coupler 1320 can be affixed to light guide 1330 using an index matching fluid, grease, or adhesive.
  • optical coupler 1320 is fused to light guide 1330 or they are integrally formed from a single piece of material (e.g., coupler and light guide may be monolithic and may be made of a solid transparent optical material).
  • FIGs. 13D and 13E show portions of a luminaire module, like the luminaire module 1305, in which the LEEs 1310 are optically coupled directly to the light guide 1330, i.e., without using an optical coupler like the optical coupler(s) 1320.
  • the receiving end 133 la of the light guide 1330 has multiple indentations 1334 distributed along the y-axis.
  • the mount 1302 is mechanically coupled with the receiving end 133 la of the light guide 1330.
  • the LEEs 1310 are optically coupled with the light guide 1330 through respective indentations 1334 of the receiving end 133 la of the light guide 1330.
  • FIG. 13D the mount 1302 is mechanically coupled with the receiving end 133 la of the light guide 1330.
  • the LEEs 1310 are spaced apart from the light guide 1330, such that the light emitted by the LEEs 1310 is provided to the receiving end 133 la of the light guide 1330 through multiple optical fibers 1328.
  • a respective output tip of each of the optical fibers 1328 delivers light emitted by the LEEs 1310 to a respective indentation 1334 of the receiving end 133 la of the light guide 1330.
  • light guide 1330 is formed from a piece of transparent material (e.g., glass material such as BK7, fused silica or quartz glass, or a transparent organic plastic, such as polycarbonate or acrylic) that can be the same or different from the material forming optical couplers 1320.
  • the example light guide 1330 of FIG. 13 A extends over a length L in the y-direction, has a uniform thickness T in the x-direction, and a uniform depth D in the z-direction.
  • the dimensions D and T are generally selected based on the desired optical properties of the light guide (e.g., which spatial modes are supported) and/or the direct/indirect intensity distribution.
  • light coupled into the light guide 1330 from optical coupler 1320 (with an angular range 135) reflects off the planar surfaces of the light guide by TIR and spatially mixes within the light guide. The mixing can help achieve illuminance and/or color uniformity, along the y-axis, at the distal portion 133 lb of the light guide at optical extractor 1340.
  • the depth, D, of light guide 1330 can be selected to achieve adequate uniformity at the exit aperture (i.e., at end 133 lb) of the light guide.
  • D is in a range from about 1 cm to about 20 cm (e.g., 2 cm or more, 4 cm or more, 6 cm or more, 8 cm or more, 10 cm or more, 12 cm or more).
  • optical couplers 1320 are designed to restrict the angular range of light entering the light guide 1330 (e.g., to within +/-40 degrees) so that at least a substantial amount of the light (e.g., 95% or more of the light) is optically coupled into spatial modes in the light guide 1330 that undergoes TIR at the planar surfaces.
  • Light guide 1330 can have a uniform thickness T, which is the distance separating two planar opposing surfaces 1332a, 1332b of the light guide.
  • T is sufficiently large so the light guide has an aperture at first (e.g., upper) surface 133 la sufficiently large to approximately match (or exceed) the exit aperture of optical coupler 1320.
  • T is in a range from about 0.05 cm to about 2 cm (e.g., about 0.1 cm or more, about 0.2 cm or more, about 0.5 cm or more, about 0.8 cm or more, about 1 cm or more, about 1.5 cm or more).
  • a narrow light guide also provides a narrow exit aperture. As such light emitted from the light guide can be considered to resemble the light emitted from a one- dimensional linear light source, also referred to as an elongate virtual filament.
  • Optical extractor 1340 is also composed of a solid piece of transparent optical material (e.g., a glass material or a transparent organic plastic, such as polycarbonate or acrylic) that can be the same as or different from the material forming light guide 1330.
  • the optical extractor 1340 includes redirecting (e.g., flat) surfaces 1342 and 1344 and curved surfaces 1346 and 1348.
  • the flat surfaces 1342 and 1344 represent first and second portions of a redirecting surface 1343, while the curved surfaces 1346 and 1348 represent first and second output surfaces of the luminaire module 1305.
  • Surfaces 1342 and 1344 are coated with a reflective material (e.g., a highly reflective metal such as aluminum or silver) over which a protective coating may be disposed.
  • a reflective material e.g., a highly reflective metal such as aluminum or silver
  • the material forming such a coating may reflect about 95% or more of light incident thereon at appropriate (e.g., visible) wavelengths.
  • surfaces 1342 and 1344 provide a highly reflective optical interface for light having the angular range 135 entering an input end 1332' of the optical extractor 1340 from light guide 1330.
  • the surfaces 1342 and 1344 include portions that are transparent to the light entering at the input end 1332' of the optical extractor 1340.
  • these portions can be uncoated regions (e.g., partially silvered regions) or discontinuities (e.g., slots, slits, apertures) of the surfaces 1342 and 1344.
  • some light is transmitted in the forward direction (along the z-axis) through surfaces 1342 and 1344 of the optical extractor 1340 in an output angular range 145'".
  • the light transmitted in the output angular range is refracted.
  • the redirecting surface 1343 is configured as a beam splitter rather than a mirror, and transmits in the output angular range 145'" a desired portion of incident light, while reflecting the remaining light in angular ranges 138 and 138'.
  • the redirecting surface 1343 can include a dichroic optical filter which reflects visible light used for illumination and transmits IR light used for data communications.
  • an included angle e.g., the smallest included angle between the surfaces 1344 and 1342
  • the included angle can be relatively small (e.g., from 30° to 60°).
  • the included angle is in a range from 60° to 120° (e.g., about 90°).
  • the included angle can also be relatively large (e.g., in a range from 120° to 150° or more).
  • the output surfaces 1346, 1348 of the optical extractor 1340 are curved with a constant radius of curvature that is the same for both.
  • the output surfaces 1346, 1348 may have optical power (e.g., may focus or defocus light.)
  • luminaire module 1305 has a plane of symmetry intersecting apex 1341 parallel to the y-z plane.
  • optical extractor 1340 adjacent to the lower edge 133 lb of light guide 1330 is optically coupled to the input end 1332' of the optical extractor.
  • optical extractor 1340 can be affixed to light guide 1330 using an index matching fluid, grease, or adhesive.
  • optical extractor 1340 is fused to light guide 1330 or they are integrally formed from a single piece of material.
  • the emission spectrum of the luminaire module 1305 corresponds to the emission spectrum of the LEEs 1310.
  • a wavelength-conversion material may be positioned in the luminaire module, for example remote from the LEEs, so that the wavelength spectrum of the luminaire module is dependent both on the emission spectrum of the LEEs and the composition of the wavelength-conversion material.
  • a wavelength-conversion material can be placed in a variety of different locations in luminaire module 1305.
  • a wavelength-conversion material may be disposed proximate the LEEs 1310, on the input aperture of couplers 1320 or on the input aperture of the light guide 133 la, adjacent to the redirecting surfaces 1342 and 1344 of optical extractor 1340, on the exit surfaces 1346 and 1348 of optical extractor 1340, and/or at other locations.
  • the layer of wavelength-conversion material may be attached to light guide 1330 held in place via a suitable support structure (not illustrated), disposed within the extractor (also not illustrated) or otherwise arranged, for example.
  • Wavelength-conversion material that is disposed within the extractor may be configured as a shell or other object and disposed within a notional area that is circumscribed between R/n and R*(l+n 2 ) ( 1/2) , where R is the radius of curvature of the light-exit surfaces (1346 and 1348 in FIG. 13A) of the extractor 1340 and n is the index of refraction of the portion of the extractor that is opposite of the wavelength-conversion material as viewed from the reflective surfaces (1342 and 1344 in FIG. 13 A).
  • the support structure may be a transparent self-supporting structure.
  • the wavelength-conversion material diffuses light as it converts the wavelengths, provides mixing of the light and can help uniformly illuminate a surface of the ambient environment.
  • the redirecting surface 1342 provides light having an angular distribution 138 towards the output surface 1346
  • the second portion of the redirecting surface 1344 provides light having an angular distribution 138' towards the output surface 1346.
  • the light exits optical extractor through output surfaces 1346 and 1348.
  • the output surfaces 1346 and 1348 have optical power, to redirect the light exiting the optical extractor 1340 in angular ranges 145' and 145", respectively.
  • optical extractor 1340 may be configured to emit light upwards (i.e., towards the plane intersecting the LEEs and parallel to the x-y plane), downwards (i.e., away from that plane) or both upwards and downwards.
  • the direction of light exiting the luminaire module through surfaces 1346 and 1348 depends on the divergence of the light exiting light guide 1330 and the orientation of surfaces 1342 and 1344.
  • Surfaces 1342 and 1344 may be oriented so that little or no light is output by optical extractor 1340 in forward, backward or forward and backward directions.
  • the luminaire module 1305 is attached to a ceiling of a room (e.g., the forward direction is towards the floor) such configurations can help avoid glare and an appearance of non-uniform illuminance.
  • the light intensity distribution provided by luminaire module 1305 reflects the symmetry of the luminaire module’s structure about the y-z plane.
  • light output in angular range 145" corresponds to the first output lobe 1 l45a of the far-field light intensity distribution 1399
  • light output in angular range 145' corresponds to the second output lobe l45b of the far-field light intensity distribution 1399
  • light output (leaked) in angular range 145'" corresponds to the third output lobe l45c of the far-field light intensity distribution 1399.
  • an intensity profile of luminaire module 1305 will depend on the configuration of the optical coupler 1320, the light guide 1330 and the optical extractor 1340.
  • the interplay between the shape of the optical coupler 1320, the shape of the redirecting surface 1343 of the optical extractor 1340 and the shapes of the output surfaces 1346, 1348 of the optical extractor 1340 can be used to control the angular width and prevalent direction (orientation) of the output first l45a and second l45b lobes in the far-field light intensity profile 1399. Additionally, a ratio of an amount of light in the combination of first l45a and second l45b output lobes and light in the third output lobe l45c is controlled by reflectivity and transmissivity of the redirecting surfaces 1342 and 1344.
  • 45% of light can be output in the output angular range 145" corresponding to the first output lobe l45a, 45% light can be output in the output angular range 145' corresponding to the second output lobe l45b, and 10% of light can be output in the output angular range 145"' corresponding to the third output lobe l45c.
  • the orientation of the output lobes l45a, l45b can be adjusted based on the included angle of the v-shaped groove 1341 formed by the portions of the redirecting surface 1342 and 1344. For example, a first included angle results in a far-field light intensity distribution 1399 with output lobes l45a, l45b located at relatively smaller angles compared to output lobes l45a, l45b of the far-field light intensity distribution 1399 that results for a second included angle larger than the first angle. In this manner, light can be extracted from the luminaire module 1305 in a more forward direction for the smaller of two included angles formed by the portions 1342, 1344 of the redirecting surface 1343.
  • surfaces 1342 and 1344 are depicted as planar surfaces, other shapes are also possible. For example, these surfaces can be curved or faceted. Curved redirecting surfaces 1342 and 1344 can be used to narrow or widen the output lobes l45a, 145b. Depending of the divergence of the angular range 135 of the light that is received at the input end 1332' of the optical extractor, concave reflective surfaces 1342, 1344 can narrow the lobes l45a, l45b output by the optical extractor 1340 (and illustrated in FIG. 13G), while convex reflective surfaces 1342, 1344 can widen the lobes l45a, l45b output by the optical extractor 1340.
  • redirecting surfaces 1342, 1344 may introduce convergence or divergence into the light.
  • Such surfaces can have a constant radius of curvature, can be parabolic, hyperbolic, or have some other curvature.
  • the geometry of the elements can be established using a variety of methods. For example, the geometry can be established empirically. Alternatively, or additionally, the geometry can be established using optical simulation software, such as LighttoolsTM, TraceproTM, FREDTM or ZemaxTM, for example.
  • luminaire module 1305 can be designed to output light into different output angular ranges 145", 145' from those shown in FIG. 13A.
  • luminaire modules can output light into lobes l45a, l45b that have a different divergence or propagation direction than those shown in FIG. 13G.
  • the output lobes l45a, l45b can have a width of up to about 90° (e.g., 80° or less, 70° or less, 60° or less, 50° or less, 40° or less, 30° or less, 20° or less).
  • the direction in which the output lobes l45a, l45b are oriented can also differ from the directions shown in FIG.
  • The“direction” refers to the direction at which a lobe is brightest.
  • the output lobes l45a, l45b are oriented at approx. -130° and approximately +130°.
  • output lobes l45a, l45b can be directed more towards the horizontal (e.g., at an angle in the ranges from -90° to -135°, such as at approx. -90°, approx. - 100°, approx. -110°, approx. -120°, approx. -130°, and from +90° to +135°, such as at approx. +90°, approx. +100°, approx. +110°, approx. +120°, approx. +130°.
  • luminaire modules can include other features useful for tailoring the intensity profile.
  • luminaire modules can include diffuse refractive or reflective interfaces, for example, an optically diffuse material that can diffuse light in a controlled manner to aid homogenizing the luminaire module’s intensity profile.
  • surfaces 1342 and 1344 can be roughened or a diffusely reflecting material, rather than a specular reflective material, can be coated on these surfaces. Accordingly, the optical interfaces at surfaces 1342 and 1344 can diffusely reflect light, scattering light into broader lobes than would be provided by similar structures utilizing specular reflection at these interfaces. In some implementations these surfaces can include structure that facilitates various intensity distributions.
  • surfaces 1342 and 1344 can each have multiple planar facets at differing orientations.
  • surfaces 1342 and 1344 can have structure thereon (e.g., structural features that scatter or diffract light).
  • Surfaces 1346 and 1348 need not be surfaces having a constant radius of curvature.
  • surfaces 1346 and 1348 can include portions having differing curvature and/or can have structure thereon (e.g., structural features that scatter or diffract light).
  • a light scattering material can be disposed on surfaces 1346 and 1348 of optical extractor 1340.
  • optical extractor 1340 is structured so that a negligible amount (e.g., less than 1%) of the light propagating within at least one plane (e.g., the x-z cross-sectional plane) that is reflected by surface 1342 or 1344 experiences TIR at light-exit surface 1346 or 1348.
  • a so-called Weierstrass condition can avoid TIR.
  • a Weierstrass condition is described for a circular structure (i.e., a cross section through a cylinder or sphere) having a surface of radius R and a concentric notional circle having a radius R/n, where n is the refractive index of the structure.
  • Any light ray that passes through the notional circle within the cross-sectional plane is incident on the surface of the circular structure and has an angle of incidence less than the critical angle and will exit the circular structure without experiencing TIR.
  • Light rays propagating within spherical structure in the plane but not emanating from within the notional surface can impinge on the surface of radius R at the critical angle or greater angles of incidence. Accordingly, such light may be subject to TIR and won’t exit the circular structure.
  • rays of p-polarized light that pass through a notional space circumscribed by an area with a radius of curvature that is smaller than R/(l+n 2 ) ( 1/2) , which is smaller than R/n will be subject to small Fresnel reflection at the surface of radius R when exiting the circular structure.
  • This condition may be referred to as Brewster geometry. Implementations may be configured accordingly.
  • all or part of surfaces 1342 and 1344 may be located within a notional Weierstrass surface defined by surfaces 1346 and 1348.
  • the portions of surfaces 1342 and 1344 that receive light exiting light guide 1330 through end 133 lb can reside within this surface so that light within the x-z plane reflected from surfaces 1342 and 1344 exits through surfaces 1346 and 1348, respectively, without experiencing TIR.
  • the luminaire module 1305 is configured to output light into output angular ranges 145' and 145".
  • the light guide-based luminaire module 1305 is modified to output light into a single output angular range 145".
  • FIG. 13F such light guide-based luminaire module configured to output light on a single side of the light guide is referred to as a single-sided luminaire module and is denoted 1305*.
  • the single-sided luminaire module 1305* is elongated along the y-axis like the luminaire module 1305 shown in FIG. 13A.
  • the single- sided luminaire module 1305* includes a mount 1302 and LEEs 1310 disposed on a surface of the mount 1302 along the y-axis to emit light in a first angular range.
  • the single-sided luminaire module 1305* further includes optical couplers 1320 arranged and configured to redirect the light emitted by the LEEs 1310 in the first angular range into a second angular range 135 that has a divergence smaller than the divergence of the first angular range at least in the x-z cross-section.
  • the single-sided luminaire module 1305* includes a light guide 1330 to guide the light redirected by the optical couplers 1320 in the second angular range 135 from a first end 133 la of the light guide to a second end 133 lb of the light guide. Additionally, the single-sided luminaire module 1305* includes a single-sided extractor (denoted 1340') to receive the light guided by the light guide 1330. The single-sided extractor 1340' includes a redirecting surface 1344 to redirect the light received from the light guide 1330 into a third angular range 138', like described for luminaire module 1305 with reference to FIG.
  • a light engine associated with the luminaire module 1305* includes the LEEs 1310.
  • An optical system associated with the luminaire module 1305* includes the optical couplers 1320, the light guide 1330, and the optical extractor 1340'.
  • Output apertures associated with the luminaire module 1305* include respective output surfaces 1344, 1348 of the optical extractor 1340'.
  • a light intensity profile of the single-sided luminaire module 1305* is represented in FIG. 13G as a single output lobe l45a.
  • the single output lobe l45a corresponds to light output by the single- sided luminaire module 1305* in the fourth angular range 145”.
  • FIG. 14A illustrates a block diagram of a light shaping optical article 1440 configured to tilt, by a tilt angle a10, a prevalent propagation direction of light in an output angular range 145 relative to a prevalent propagation direction of light in an input angular range 135.
  • a reference system x,y,z
  • FIG. 14A illustrates a block diagram of a light shaping optical article 1440 configured to tilt, by a tilt angle a10, a prevalent propagation direction of light in an output angular range 145 relative to a prevalent propagation direction of light in an input angular range 135.
  • a reference system x,y,z
  • a target surface 1490 (e.g., a wall, when the light shaping optical article is used in a wall wash luminaire) also is aligned parallel to the z-axis.
  • the prevalent propagation direction of light in the input angular range 135 can, but does not have to, be parallel to the target surface 1490.
  • the described light shaping optical article may further be rotated 90 degrees and, when placed sufficiently high, be used to illuminate a reasonably large horizontal target surface with sufficient light to provide data communication uniformly across such a target surface.
  • the light shaping optical article 1440 is formed from a solid, transparent material (with n > 1).
  • the solid, transparent material can be glass with a refractive index of about 1.5.
  • the solid, transparent material can be plastic with a refractive index of about 1.5- 1.6.
  • the light shaping optical article 1440 includes an input surface 1442 through which input light with the input angular range 135 enters into the light shaping optical article 1440, and an output surface 1444 through which output light with the output angular range 145 exits from the light shaping optical article 1440. Further, the light shaping optical article 1440 has a first side surface 1446 and a second side surface 1448. The first side surface 1446 is concave and the output surface
  • the 1444 is convex.
  • the second side surface 1448 of the light shaping optical article 1440 can have negative, zero or positive curvature.
  • the concave first side surface 1446 and convex output surface 1444 are configured such that the prevalent propagation direction of light in output angular range 145 is tilted by the tilt angle a toward the second side surface 1448 relative to prevalent propagation direction of light in the input angular range 135.
  • a is a tilt of the prevalent propagation direction of output angular range 145 relative to the z-axis.
  • FIG. 14B shows that the light shaping optical article 1440 is elongated along the x-axis.
  • input angular range 135 and output angular range 145 can be the same in the (z-x) plane while ignoring refraction at the output surface.
  • An input interface corresponding to the input surface 1442 represents an extended light source (e.g., formed using one or more phosphor plates).
  • a prevalent propagation direction of the input angular range 135 can be parallel to the light guide.
  • the output aperture associated with the optical article 1440 include output surface 1444.
  • a divergence of the input angular range 135 in a (y-z) plane can be that of a Lambertian or narrower distribution, for example.
  • a distribution of light within the input angular range 135 in the (y-z) plane can also have more than one peak.
  • the divergence of the input angular range is typically narrow enough to allow all light to be guided within the light guide via total internal reflection (TIR).
  • a lateral distribution of light within the input angular range 135 in the (x-z) plane can be shaped similarly to the distribution of light within the input angular range 135 in the (y-z) plane.
  • such a lateral distribution can have a bat-wing profile with multiple lobes, for example.
  • Divergence in the (x-z) plane of the output angular range 145 is determined by the divergence of the input angular range 135, and may be affected by the refractive indices at and the curvatures and arrangements of surfaces 1444, 1446 and 1448, for example.
  • FIG. 14C shows a light intensity distribution 1401 of the light output by the light shaping optical article 1440 in the (y-z) plane.
  • the z-axis is aligned along the prevalent propagation direction of light in the input angular range 135.
  • a lobe l45a of the light intensity distribution 1401 represents the light output by the light shaping optical article 1440 in the output angular range 145.
  • a bisector of the lobe l45a corresponds to the prevalent propagation direction of light of the output angular range 145.
  • the value of alobe can be different, for example about 5, 10, 30 or 50°.
  • a width at half-max of the lobe l45a corresponds to the divergence of light of the output angular range 145.
  • the width at half-max of the lobe l45a has a value of about 20°.
  • the value of the width at half-max of the lobe l45a can be about 5, 10 or 30°.
  • Angles amin and amax define an angular interval outside of which the light intensity drops to less than 5% from the peak intensity value of the lobe l45a.
  • a distance“d” - from an“effective center” of the convex output surface 1444 of the light shaping optical article 1440 to the target surface 1490 of size H - can be varied to control uniformity of the illuminance on the target surface.
  • this can be defined for example a below a maximum value N: 1 ⁇ iMAx/Imin ⁇ N, over the entire size
  • intersection point at z Spot can correspond to maximum intensity IMAX of the output light on the target surface 1490, and intersections of outer rays of the output angular range 145 - tilted respectively at amin and aMA relative to the z-axis - can correspond to minimum intensity Imin of the output light on the target surface 1490.
  • the shape of the concave first side surface 1446 is such that a small element of the noted surface accepts incoming rays from within a narrow angular range only (to allow that surface element to be exposed to fewer impinging rays and thereby have more control to redirect the impinging rays).
  • the second side surface 1448 is shaped and arranged to receive relatively little light from the extended source corresponding to the input interface formed by input surface 1442. For these reasons, the second side surface 1448 plays a limited role in controlling divergence and prevalent propagation direction of the output angular range 145 and the corresponding intensity distribution.
  • the divergence and propagation direction of light in the output angular range 145 can be determined largely by a combination of (i) an optical power of the concave first side surface 1446, (ii) an optical power of the convex output surface 1444 and (iii) relative arrangements between the convex output surface 1444 and each of the z-axis and the concave first side surface 1446.
  • the specific shapes of the respective surfaces can influence the intensity distribution and thereby affect the degree of uniformity of the illuminance on the target surface.
  • the light engines and optical systems used in the lighting systems described above can be implemented in manners similar to the other light engines and other optical systems associated with the following luminaire modules.
  • FIG. 15A illustrates a schematic x-z sectional view of a solid-state luminaire module 1505 that includes a light guide 1530 with a redirecting end-face 1540.
  • the luminaire module 1505 also includes one or more LEEs 1510 and corresponding one or more couplers 1520.
  • a light engine associated with the luminaire module 1505 includes the LEEs 1510.
  • An optical system associated with the luminaire module 1505 includes the optical couplers 1520, and the light guide 1530 with the redirecting end-face 1540.
  • An input aperture associated with the luminaire module 1505 includes corresponding input apertures of the optical couplers 1520.
  • the input aperture associated with the luminaire module 1505 includes corresponding apertures disposed at the input edge of the light guide 1530.
  • Output apertures associated with the luminaire module 1505 include redirecting end-face 1540, and portion(s) of side surface(s) l532a and/or l532b of the light guide 1530.
  • the luminaire module 1505 has an elongated configuration, e.g., with a longitudinal dimension L along the y-axis, perpendicular to the page, as illustrated in FIG. 15B.
  • L can be G, 2' or 4', for instance.
  • the luminaire module 1505 has another elongated configuration, e.g., like luminaire module 1705A/B illustrated in FIGs. 17A- 17B, or like luminaire modules 2010, 2020 of luminaire 2005 illustrated in FIG. 20.
  • a thickness“T” of the light guide 1530 along the x-axis can be much smaller than the length D along the z-axis, e.g., T ⁇ 5%D, l0%D or 20%D.
  • the light guide 1530 is made from a solid, transparent material.
  • light guide side surfaces l532a, l532b are optically smooth to allow for the guided light to propagate inside the light guide 1530 through TIR.
  • the light guide 1530 has a redirecting end-face 1540 at the opposing end.
  • the redirecting end-face 1540 of the light guide reflects at least some of the guided light - that reaches the opposite end - back into the light guide 1530 as return light.
  • the redirecting end-face 1540 is configured to generate return light that can transmit at least in part through the light guide side surfaces l532a and/or l532b.
  • the light guide 1530 is configured to allow multiple bounces of return light off of the light guide side surfaces l532a, l532b, with at least some transmission at one or more bounces.
  • the guided light that reaches the opposite end of the light guide and is not reflected back into the light guide 1530 as return light is transmitted through the redirecting end-face 1540 in the forward direction (e.g., along the z-axis.)
  • reflectivity of a coating applied on the redirecting end-face 1540 determines relative intensities of return light and the light transmitted through the redirecting end-face 1540 in the forward direction.
  • a density of apertures in the redirecting end-face 1540 determines relative intensities of the return light and the light transmitted through the redirecting end-face 1540 in the forward direction.
  • the redirecting end-face 1540 has a macro-, meso- and/or microscopic surface structure configured such that the return light propagates backwards through the light guide 1530 only along rays that impinge on the light guide side surfaces l532a, l532b at angles smaller than a critical incident angle. In this manner, TIR is avoided for the return light at the light guide side surfaces l532a, l532b. As such, the return light can transmit through the light guide side surfaces l532a, l532b at each of the multiple bounces thereof, except for about 4% Fresnel reflection at each of the bounces.
  • the light guide 1530 is configured to output as much of the return light through light guide side surfaces l532a and/or l532b. Little or none of the return light is guided by the light guide 1530 from the opposing end back to the receiving end. Examples of surface structures of the redirecting end-face 1540 that cause the return light to propagate through the light guide 1530 and transmit through the side surfaces l532a and/or l532b are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0010401, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • an asymmetry of the output light in angular ranges l52a and l52b may be the result of asymmetric shapes of the surfaces l32a and l32b, asymmetry in the end face 1540 and/or a reflective coating (not illustrated) on one of the surfaces l32a and l32b, for example.
  • the end face 1540 may be implemented as a dichroic optical filter configured to transmit, for example, IR light for data communications directly along the forward direction (z-direction) while reflecting visible light for space illumination in backward directions (with negative z components).
  • IR light for data communications directly along the forward direction (z-direction)
  • visible light for space illumination in backward directions (with negative z components).
  • the portion of the output light that carries data undergoes fewer reflections, both internal (within the optical system of the fixture) as well as external (via ceiling, walls, for example) and as such may provide better signal to noise ratios and higher bandwidths.
  • the LEEs 1510 provide light within a first angular range 1515 relative to the z- axis.
  • the one or more couplers 1520 are configured to receive the light from the LEEs 1510 within the first angular range 1515 and provide light within a second angular range 125 to the light guide 1530.
  • the one or more couplers 1520 can be configured to transform the first angular range 1515 into the second angular range 125 via total internal reflection, specular reflection or both.
  • the divergence of the second angular range 125 is smaller than the divergence of the first angular range 1515, such that the combination (i) of the second angular range 125 and (ii) a numerical aperture of the light guide 1530 is chosen to allow for the light received from the one or more couplers 1520 at the receiving end of the light guide 1530 to propagate to the opposing end of the light guide 1530, for example, via TIR.
  • the forward guided light has a third angular range 135.
  • the third angular range 135 is substantially the same as the second angular range 125.
  • the forward guided light impinges on the redirecting end-face 1540 where at least a portion of it is reflected back into the light guide 1530 as return light.
  • the surface structure of the redirecting end-face 1540 is configured to cause the return light to propagate only in return angular range l42a or l42b, or both.
  • substantially all return light within each of the return angular ranges l42a and l42b propagates only along rays that impinge on the respective light guide side surfaces 1532a and 1532b at angles smaller than a critical incident angle.
  • the return light in return angular ranges l42a, l42b can transmit through the light guide side surfaces l532a and l532b as output light of the luminaire module 1505 in first and second output angular ranges l52a, l52b.
  • the surface structure of the redirecting end-face 1540 may need to be configured such that no return light propagates within an angular range that is an inverse of the third angular range 135, because such return light may be guided back towards the receiving end via TIR, and then not contribute to the output light of the luminaire module 1505 and cause other effects.
  • a fraction of the forward guided light that impinges on the redirecting end-face 1540 and is not reflected back into the light guide 1530 as return light is transmitted through the redirecting end-face 1540 in the forward direction (e.g., along the z-axis) as output light in a third output angular range 145.
  • the third output angular range 145 is substantially the same as the third angular range 135 of the guided light that reaches the opposing end of the light guide 1530.
  • the surface structure includes one or more symmetric v-grooves or a symmetric sawtooth pattern.
  • walls of the symmetric sawtooth pattern can be planar or curved.
  • first return angular range l42a impinges on the light guide side surface l532a at point Pa and (most of it, e.g., about 96%) transmits through the light guide side surface l532a as output light in a first instance of first side angular range l52a.
  • a prevalent propagation direction within the first instance of the first side angular range l52a can be (i) orthogonal to the light guide side surface l532a when a prevalent propagation direction within the first return angular range l42a is normal to the light guide side surface l532a; (ii) along the light guide side surface l532a (antiparallel to the z-axis) when the prevalent propagation direction within the first return angular range l42a is along a ray that impinges on the light guide side surface l532a at critical angle incidence; and (iii) anywhere in-between normal on the light guide side surface l532a (perpendicular to the z-axis) and parallel to the light guide side surface l532a (antiparallel to the z-axis) when the prevalent propagation direction within the first return angular range l42a is along a ray that impinges on the light guide side surface l532a between normal and critical angle incidence.
  • a prevalent propagation direction within the first instance of the second side angular range l52b can be (i) orthogonal to the light guide side surface l532b when a prevalent propagation direction within the second return angular range l42b is normal to the light guide side surface l532b; (ii) along the light guide side surface l532b (antiparallel to the z-axis) when the prevalent propagation direction within the second return angular range l42b is along a ray that impinges on the light guide side surface l532b at critical angle incidence; and (iii) anywhere in-between normal on the light guide side surface l532b (perpendicular to the z-axis) and parallel to the light guide side surface l532b (antiparallel to the z-axis) when the prevalent propagation direction within the second return angular range l42b is along a ray that impinges on the light guide side surface l532b between normal and critical angle incidence.
  • a fraction (e.g., about 4%) of the return light in the first return angular range l42a that impinges on the light guide side surface 1532a at point Pa reflects (e.g., through Fresnel reflection) off of it and propagates towards the opposing light guide side surface l532b.
  • most of the return light (e.g., about 96%) impinging on the light guide side surface 1532b at point Pb' transmits through it as output light in a second instance of the second side angular range 152b'.
  • a prevalent propagation direction within the second instance of the second side angular range 152b' has mirror symmetry relative the z-axis to the prevalent propagation direction within the first instance of the first side angular range l52a and a divergence of the second instance of the second side angular range 152b' is about the same as the divergence of the first instance of the first side angular range l52a.
  • a fraction (e.g., about 4%) of the return light in the second return angular range l42b that impinges on the light guide side surface 1532b at point Pb reflects (e.g., through Fresnel reflection) off of it and propagates towards the opposing light guide side surface l532a.
  • most of the return light (e.g., about 96%) impinging on the light guide side surface l532a at point Pa' transmits through it as output light in a second instance of the first side angular range l52a'.
  • a prevalent propagation direction within the second instance of the first side angular range l52a' has mirror symmetry relative the z-axis to the prevalent propagation direction within the first instance of the second side angular range l52b.
  • a divergence of the second instance of the first side angular range l52a' is about the same as the divergence of the first instance of the second side angular range 152b.
  • a fraction (e.g., about 4%) of the return light that impinges on the light guide side surface 1532a at point Pa' reflects (e.g., through Fresnel reflection) off of it and propagates towards the opposing light guide side surface l532b.
  • most of the return light (e.g., about 96%) impinging on the light guide side surface l532b at point Pb" transmits through it as output light in a third instance of the second side angular range l52b".
  • a prevalent propagation direction within the third instance of the second side angular range l52b" is parallel to the prevalent propagation direction within the first instance of the second side angular range l52b.
  • a divergence of the third instance of the second side angular range l52b" is about the same as the divergence of the first instance of the second side angular range l52b.
  • a fraction (e.g., about 4%) of the return light that impinges on the light guide side surface l532b at point Pb' reflects (e.g., through Fresnel reflection) off of it and propagates towards the opposing light guide side surface l532a.
  • most of the return light (e.g., about 96%) impinging on the light guide side surface l532a at point Pa" transmits through it as output light in a third instance of the first side angular range l52a".
  • a prevalent propagation direction within the third instance of the first side angular range l52a" is parallel to the prevalent propagation direction within the first instance of the first side angular range l52a.
  • a divergence of the third instance of the first side angular range l52a" is about the same as the divergence of the first instance of the first side angular range l52a.
  • a fraction e.g., about 4%) of the return light that impinges on the light guide side surface l532a at point Pa" reflects (e.g., through Fresnel reflection) off of it and propagates towards the opposing light guide side surface l532b.
  • most of the return light e.g., about 96%) impinging on the light guide side surface l532b at point Pb'" transmits through it as output light in a fourth instance of the second side angular range l52b"'.
  • a prevalent propagation direction within the fourth instance of the second side angular range l52b"' has mirror symmetry relative the z-axis to the prevalent propagation direction within the first instance of the first side angular range l52a. And a divergence of the fourth instance of the second side angular range l52b"' is about the same as the divergence of the first instance of the first side angular range 152a.
  • a fraction (e.g., about 4%) of the return light that impinges on the light guide side surface l532b at point Pb" reflects (e.g., through Fresnel reflection) off of it and propagates towards the opposing light guide side surface l532a.
  • most of the return light (e.g., about 96%) impinging on the light guide side surface l532a at point Pa'" transmits through it as output light in a fourth instance of the first side angular range l52a"'.
  • a prevalent propagation direction within the fourth instance of the first side angular range l52a"' has mirror symmetry relative the z-axis to the prevalent propagation direction within the first instance of the second side angular range l52b and a divergence of the fourth instance of the first side angular range l52a"' is about the same as the divergence of the first instance of the second side angular range l52b.
  • light output by the luminaire module 1505 - equipped with anyone a redirecting end-face 1540 - through the light guide side surface l532a in a resultant first output angular range l52a is a combination of light transmitted through the light guide side surface l532a in the first, second, third, fourth, etc., instances of the first side angular range l52a, l52a', l52a", l52a"', etc.
  • light output by this implementation of the luminaire module 1505 through the light guide side surface l532b in a resultant second output angular range l52b is a combination of light transmitted through the light guide side surface l532b in the first, second, third, fourth, etc., instances of the second side angular range l52b, 152b', l52b", l52b"', etc.
  • FIG. 15C shows a far-field intensity distribution 1501 of light output by the luminaire module 1505 in the x-z cross-section.
  • the luminaire module 1505 is equipped with the redirecting end-face 1540, and the redirecting end-face has a coating of semitransparent material or a reflecting coating that has apertures (or semitransparent) portions.
  • Lobe l552a corresponds to output light transmitted through the light guide side surface l532a in the first output angular range l52a.
  • Lobe l552b corresponds to output light transmitted through the light guide side surface l532b in the second output angular range l52b.
  • Lobe 1545 corresponds to output light transmitted through the redirecting end-face 1540 in the third output angular range 145.
  • An orientation of the lobe l552a (e.g., with respect to the z-axis) and a shape of thereof (e.g., aspect ratio of the lobe l552a) depends mostly (e.g., more than 96%) on respective propagation direction and divergence of the return light in the first return angular range l42a (due to transmissions at points Pa, Pa", etc.), and marginally (e.g., less than 4%) on respective propagation direction and divergence of the return light in the second return angular range l42b (due to transmissions at points Pa', Pa'", etc.)
  • an orientation of the lobe l552b (e.g., with respect to the z-axis) and a shape of thereof (e.g., aspect ratio of the lobe l552b) depends mostly (e.g., more than 96%) on respective propagation direction and divergence of the return light in the second return angular range l42b
  • An orientation of the lobe 1545 (e.g., with respect to the z-axis) and a shape of thereof (e.g., batwing) depend on (i) collimating characteristics of the one or more couplers 1520, and (ii) guiding characteristics of the light guide 1530.
  • Relative sizes of the lobes l552a, l552b and 1545 depend on a combination of (i) reflectance of a coating of the redirecting end-face, and (ii) surface structure of various embodiments of the redirecting end-face 1540.
  • the light engines and optical systems used in the luminaires described in this application can be implemented in manners similar to the other light engines and other optical systems of the following luminaire modules.
  • Luminaire modules like the ones described above - which have a light guide 1330 that guides light from its input end 133 la to its output end 133 lb without leaking light through its side surfaces l332a and l332b - can be used to obtain luminaire modules with leaky side surfaces, as described below.
  • FIGs. 16A-16B show aspects of a luminaire module 1605 that includes a tapered light guide 1630.
  • the tapered light guide 1630 is configured to leak a desired amount of light through its side surfaces l632a and l632b.
  • the luminaire module 1605 also includes LEEs 1610, one or more corresponding couplers 1620 and an optical extractor 1640.
  • the luminaire module 1605 has an elongated configuration, e.g., with a longitudinal dimension L along the y-axis, perpendicular to the page.
  • L can be G, 2' or 4', for instance.
  • the luminaire module 1605 can have another elongated configuration, as illustrated in FIGs. 17A-17B or 20.
  • a light engine associated with the luminaire module 1605 includes the LEEs 1610.
  • An optical system associated with the luminaire module 1605 includes the optical couplers 1620, the light guide 1630, and the optical extractor 1640.
  • An input aperture associated with the luminaire module 1605 includes corresponding input apertures of the optical couplers 1620. In cases when the optical couplers are omitted, the input aperture associated with the luminaire module 1605 includes corresponding apertures disposed at the input edge of the light guide 1630.
  • Output apertures associated with the luminaire module 1605 include curved output surfaces of the optical extractor 1640, and portions of side surfaces l632a, l632b of the light guide 1630, as explained below.
  • the tapered light guide 1630 can be obtained by shaping the side surfaces l332a and l332b of the light guide 1330 described above in connection with FIG. 13A and arranging them with respect to each other as shown in FIG. 16A.
  • T(0) ⁇ lO%D or 20%D
  • T(D) ⁇ 5%D.
  • the light guide 1630 is made from a solid, transparent material.
  • the side surfaces l632a, l632b are optically smooth to allow for the guided light to propagate inside the light guide 1630 through TIR, at least for a distance d ⁇ D - from the receiving end, along the z-axis - over which the guided light impinges on the side surfaces l632a, l632b at incidence angles that exceed a critical angle Oc.
  • a profile of the side surfaces l632a and l632b includes respective straight lines.
  • a profile of the side surfaces l632a and l632b includes respective parabolic or hyperbolic curves, or other shapes.
  • the optical extractor 1640 has a structure similar to a structure of the extractor 1340 of the luminaire module 1305 described above in connection with FIG. 13A.
  • the LEEs 1610 emit light within a first angular range relative to the z-axis.
  • the one or more couplers 1620 are configured to receive the light from the LEEs 1610 within the first angular range and provide light within a second angular range to the light guide 1630.
  • the one or more couplers 1620 can be configured to transform the first angular range into the second angular range via total internal reflection, specular reflection or both.
  • the divergence of the second angular range is smaller than the divergence of the first angular range, such that the combination (i) of the second angular range and (ii) a numerical aperture of the light guide 1630 is chosen to allow for the light received from the one or more couplers 1620 at the receiving end of the light guide 1630 to propagate at least over a distance d ⁇ D of the light guide 1630, for example, via TIR.
  • the guided light impinges on the side surfaces l632a, l632b of the light guide 1630 at successively larger incident angles for successive bounces off the side surfaces l632a, l632b, or equivalently, divergence of an angular range of the guided light increases along the length D of the light guide 1630 as shown in FIG. 16C.
  • the divergence of the guided light increases from a divergence of the second angular range of light received from the one or more couplers 1620 at the receiving end to a divergence of a third angular range provided by the light guide 1630 at the opposing end.
  • a divergence of the angular range of the guided light exceeds a critical value Oc, a fraction of the guided light is transmitted (leaks) through the side surfaces l632a and l632b as sideways leaked light in leaked angular ranges 155' and 155", respectively.
  • a direction of propagation of light in the first leaked angular range 155' has a component in the forward direction (parallel with the z-axis) and another component parallel with the x-axis.
  • a direction of propagation of light in the second leaked angular range 155" has a component in the forward direction (parallel with the z-axis) and another component antiparallel with the x-axis.
  • the optical extractor 1640 is arranged and configured to output light in first and second output angular ranges 145' and 145".
  • a direction of propagation of light in the first output angular range 145' has a component in the backward direction (antiparallel with the z-axis) and another component to the left of the light guide 1630 (parallel with the x-axis).
  • a direction of propagation of light in the second output angular range 145" has a component in the backward direction (antiparallel with the z-axis) and another component antiparallel with the x-axis.
  • an optical system with tapering or even plan parallel side surfaces may be used to selectively output light based on wavelength.
  • the light guide is made of material exhibiting normal dispersion, i.e., the refractive index of the material increases for light of shorter wavelengths, then it may be possible to extract IR light via the side surfaces while still containing visible light within the light guide.
  • the IR light may then be used for data communication.
  • the light guide is made of material exhibiting anomalous dispersion, i.e., the refractive index of the material decreases for light of shorter wavelengths, then it may be possible to extract ultraviolet (UV) light via the side surfaces while still containing visible light within the light guide.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • FIG. 16D shows a far-field intensity distribution 1601 of light output by the luminaire module 1605 in the x-z cross-section.
  • the luminaire module 1605 is equipped with the tapered light guide 1630.
  • Output lobe l45a corresponds to light output by the optical extractor 1640 in the first output angular range 145'
  • output lobe l45b corresponds to light output by the optical extractor 1640 in the second output angular range 145".
  • Leaked lobe l55a corresponds to light leaked by the light guide 1630 through a first side surface l632a in the first leaked angular range 155'
  • leaked lobe 155b corresponds to light leaked by the light guide 1630 through a second, opposing side surface l632b in the second leaked angular range 155".
  • the orientation of the output lobes l45a and l45b (e.g., with respect to the z-axis) and a shape of thereof (e.g., aspect ratios of the output lobes l45a and l45b) depends on (i) geometry of redirecting surfaces and output surfaces of the optical extractor 1640 and (ii) a divergence of the third angular range of the light provided by the light guide 1630 to the optical extractor 1640.
  • the divergence of the third angular range depends on (i) collimating characteristics of the one or more optical couplers 1620, (ii) shape and relative arrangement of the side surfaces l632a, l632b of the light guide 1630, and (iii) length along the z-axis of the light guide 1630.
  • a ratio of an amount of light in the combination of first l45a and second l45b output lobes and in the combination of first l55a and second 155b leaked lobes is controlled by a ratio d/D of (i) a distance“d” from the receiving end of the light guide 1630 starting where a divergence of the guided light exceeds the critical angle Oc and (ii) the length D of the light guide 1630.
  • 40% of light received by the extractor 1640 can be output in the output angular range 145' corresponding to the first output lobe l45a and 40% of light received by the extractor 1640 can be output in the output angular range 145" corresponding to the second output lobe l45b.
  • 10% of guided light can be output in the first leaked angular range 155' corresponding to the first leaked lobe l55a, and 10% of guided light can be output in the second leaked angular range 155" corresponding to the second leaked lobe 155b.
  • the luminaire module 1605 utilizes at least a portion of the light guide 1630 (e.g., the length D-d of the light guide) that feeds the optical extractor 1640 for part of the luminaire module l605’s light emission properties.
  • a coupler 1620 and LEEs 1610 are in optical communication with a light guide 1630 that is tapered over at least a portion of its elongated extent (along the z-axis.)
  • the second angular range of light introduced into the light guide 1630 may be fairly narrow and well within the requirements for substantially all light to be totally internally reflected within the light guide 1630 if the side walls were parallel (as described above in connection with FIG.
  • each subsequent reflection on the side surfaces l632a, l632b will be gradually turned closer and closer to the critical angle such that light will eventually be allowed to escape the side surfaces l632a, l632b of the solid light guide 1630.
  • Such tapering of the light guide 1630 could be useful for applications where it may be desirable to create an element of luminance from the side of the light guide 1630.
  • the use of holographic films or other prescribed optical sheet materials may provide additional steering or beam shaping of the light leaked through the sides l632a, l632b of light guide 1630.
  • the guided light reaches the end of the light guide 1630 and enters the optical extractor 1640, it will also enter at a wider angular range relative to the entry angular range, such that emission from the optical extractor 1640 may be more dispersed than if the side walls of the light guide 1630 were parallel, like in the luminaire module 1305.
  • This wider angular range may also be desirable for certain lighting applications where surface luminance requirements are not as problematic such as in non-direct view lighting applications, e.g., architectural coves.
  • FIG. 17A is a perspective exploded view of an example luminaire module 1705 A having an arched shape.
  • the luminaire module 1705 A includes an optical system 1710A, a single modular light-engine 1720 including a substrate with light-emitting elements (LEEs) 1721 that is configured to operatively connect to a control system 1790.
  • LEEs are multiple discrete light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • the LEEs may be displaced from the optical system 1710A via optical fibers (not illustrated).
  • luminaire module 1705 A is configured to allow independent control of each of the LEEs 1721.
  • luminaire modules or their light engines may be configured to allow control of LEEs by group rather than by individual LEE.
  • multiple light engines may be employed to facilitate spatial dimming control, fabrication and/or other aspects of the instant technology. For example, different groups of LEEs may be provided by the different light engines.
  • the example luminaire module 1705 A even if the luminaire module/light engine(s) is configured for spatial dimming, may also be used without actually activating the spatial dimming capability. This may be accomplished by controlling the respective LEEs collectively or according to other non-spatial dimming principles whether by LEE or by group of LEEs. Such luminaire modules, however, may still include different types of light sources that are independently controllable to output uniform light, stabilize color or CCT or other aspects of the output light. It is further noted that luminaire modules according to the present technology may be useful on their own completely without the ability for spatial dimming and as such not even be configured to support the spatial dimming function. This may be straightforward in fixtures with modular light engines by employing light engines that do not offer control of the light sources for spatial dimming purposes.
  • the optical system 1710A includes a coupling portion 1715 with a groove 1711 providing an input aperture for receiving light from the LEEs 1721.
  • the groove 1711 is sized to accommodate the LEEs 1721 when the light engine 1720 and the optical system 1710A are operatively combined.
  • the coupling portion 1715 can be tapered (not illustrated) radially relative to an axis of the coupling portion parallel to the z-axis to collimate light before it propagates to light guide 1717.
  • the light guide 1717 of this example is configured to aid in mixing light from different LEEs 1721 to provide a more uniform light distribution along the exit aperture of the light guide 1717 near the extractor 1713 A.
  • the extractor 1713 A and other components of the luminaire module 1705 A are described in detail in connection with FIGs. 13A-13G, for instance.
  • output apertures associated with the optical system 1710A include output surfaces of the optical extractor 1713 A.
  • the light guide 1717 may include redirecting elements (not illustrated) that are arranged inside the light guide or in/on/near/adjacent the surface of the light guide 1717.
  • the redirecting elements are configured to redirect a portion of guided light that otherwise undergoes total internal reflection in such a way that the guided light no longer only totally reflects on the respective side surfaces l7l7a, l7l7b or both.
  • example redirecting elements include scattering centers, surface features on the side surfaces l7l7a and/or l7l7b or other redirecting elements alone or in combination.
  • Scattering centers may be disposed within the light guide 1717 itself or in/on the side surfaces l7l7a, l7l7b (including on the outside of the side surfaces) of the light guide.
  • the injected light at the input aperture of the light guide 1717 adjacent the light engine 1720 may have a distribution pattern that allows a portion of the injected light to undergo TIR and another portion to leak some light via refraction at the side surfaces l7l7a and 1717b .
  • the light guide may be tapered instead of having a constant width W and become narrower with increasing distance from the input aperture forcing declining incidence angles (closer to normal incidence) achieving transmission of some light via the side surfaces l7l7a and l7l7b with increasing number of incidences.
  • output apertures associated with the optical system 1710A can include portions of side surfaces l7l7a, l7l7b of the light guide 1717, as explained above.
  • the effect on spatial dimming of selective activation of the LEEs 1721 via the control system 1790 may depend on what particular escape mechanisms (as noted above) are employed in the luminaire module.
  • scattering elements may provide a more diffuse output light distribution compared to other escape mechanisms and additionally affect the output light distribution provided by the extractor 1713 A.
  • the extractor at the distal end of the light guide 1717 relative to the light engine may be modified or omitted.
  • the bottom end of the light guide 1717 (opposite the input aperture), may include linear and/or curvilinear surfaces different from the described extractors, transmit and/or reflect some or all incident light, and/or be partially or fully specular or diffuse reflective and/or diffuse transmissive.
  • the light guide may be terminating with a planar, conical or otherwise shaped surface arranged distal of the light engine.
  • FIG. 17B shows another arched shaped example luminaire module 1705B which includes a light engine 1720 and a light guide 1717 like the ones of luminaire module 1705A.
  • FIG. 17C shows a polar plot of approximate example output light distributions l2la through l2lk of each of the light sources of the luminaire module 1705A/B.
  • the luminaire module 1705A/B includes eleven individually independently controllable LEDs 1721, providing respective light distributions l2la through l2lk if they were individually resolved as illustrated.
  • FIG. 17D schematically illustrates two symmetrical example light distributions lOOa and lOOb being the result of suitably superimposed and respectively dimmed light distributions l2lathrough l2lk.
  • Potential undulations in the overall light distribution of the superposed components are possible depending on the implementation. Such undulations are not illustrated in the example light distributions lOOa and lOOb. Note that other light distributions can be symmetrical or asymmetrical depending on the control and selective activation of the various light sources of the luminaire.
  • the spatial dimming resolution achievable to generate example light distributions such as lOOa and lOOb is determined based on the resolution provided by the individual light distributions l2la through l2lk. Resolution may be different for example if the light sources are grouped into independently controllable groups.
  • some of the disclosed luminaire modules e.g., like the ones included in the fixture 305, can include a space between the couplers and/or light guides. This space can be filled with a medium configured to control the amount of light mixing between adjacent light guides during operation or manufacture of luminaire modules. FIG.
  • 18 A is a cross sectional view of a portion of a luminaire module 1803 with two independently controllable sets 1812, 1814 of LEEs and corresponding light guides 1830, 1832 and an electronically controllable fluid 1850 between the light guides 1830, 1832.
  • the sets 1812, 1814 of LEEs can be distributed in respective rows along the y-axis (perpendicular to the page) on a substrate 1810.
  • the electronically controllable fluid 1850 can be enclosed by the light guides 1830, 1832, a dam 1811 and an optical extractor (not shown in FIG. 18A, e.g., 112, 212, 412) coupled with the shorter, along the z-axis, of the light guides 1830, 1832.
  • the portion of the luminaire module 1803 illustrated in FIG. 18A can be used as part of any one of the fixture 305 and/or luminaires 1905, 2005, for instance.
  • the electronically controllable fluid 1850 can be manipulated, via electrowetting or other effects, for example. Electrowetting can be used to control where the light guides 1830, 1832 establish contact with the electronically controllable fluid 1850 (e.g., by electronic movement of the electronically adjustable fluid between the dam 1811 and the noted optical extractor.)
  • a transparent electronically controllable fluid 1850 can be used to bridge the space between the light guides at one or more (not illustrated) contact locations and as such frustrate total internal reflection at the contact locations to allow light to cross between the light guides 1830 and 1832.
  • contact locations may be enabled and disabled by electronically concentrating the fluid 1850 between and moving it along the light guides.
  • Suitable electronic control can be used to determine areas where the fluid 1850 can establish contact with the light guides.
  • the electronically controllable fluid 1850 may have certain diffusive properties to help mix light within each of the light guides, or cause leakage of light out of the corresponding light guide, for example.
  • light that diffusely reflects off the boundary surface 1851 or 1852 between each of the light guides and the electronically controllable fluid 1850 may emerge into the environment through lateral surfaces 1853 or 1854 of the light guides opposite to the boundary surface 1851 or 1852.
  • the electrowetting can be controlled via an electromagnetic field applied between one or more portions of the light guides 1830 and 1832 via suitably disposed pairs of electrodes (not illustrated), in order to control surface charges at the interfaces between the light guides 1830 and/or 1832, for example.
  • all or parts of the space between the light guides can be filled with a transparent or partly translucent material during manufacturing that can create a controlled optical coupling between adjacent light guides.
  • a transparent or partly translucent material can be curable and the process can be employed to establish a certain degree of mixing between the light guides or to create a softly diffused illumination from the light guides, which can provide both effective and aesthetic luminance properties.
  • a liquid crystal material with switchable diffusion properties can be disposed between adjacent light guides. This material can be provided in a custom cut liquid crystal sheet with electrical contacts through which the liquid crystal sheet can be energized.
  • FIG. 18B is a cross sectional view of a portion of a luminaire module 1863 with two independently controllable sets 1812, 1814 of LEEs adjacent light guides 1830, 1832 and a liquid crystal sheet 1855 disposed between light guides 1830, 1832.
  • the sets 1812, 1814 of LEEs can be distributed in respective rows along the y-axis (perpendicular to the page) on a substrate 1810.
  • the liquid crystal sheet 1855 can be enclosed (as described below) between the light guides 1830 and 1832, over at least a portion of the boundary surfaces 1851, 1852 between the light guides 1830, 1832 and the liquid crystal sheet 1855.
  • the portion of the luminaire module 1863 illustrated in FIG. 18B can be used as part of any one of the fixture 305 and /or luminaires 1905, 2005, for instance.
  • Liquid crystal sheets can provide a mode of light tuning for luminaire module 1863.
  • various shapes and sizes of liquid crystal sheets can be laminated between adjacent light guides.
  • the crystals in the liquid crystal sheet are activated and the illumination properties of the luminaire module change.
  • the variable diffusion properties of the liquid crystal sheet can change the ratio of light guided along the z-axis towards the optical extractors (not shown in FIG. 18B, e.g., the pairs of extractors 1912 and 1922, 2012 and 2022) such that more or less light is emitted from the optical extractors versus from side surfaces 1853 and 1854 of the light guides.
  • liquid crystal sheets can be applied in a variety of locations within a fixture 305 and/or luminaires 1905, 2005, e.g., beyond the interstitial space between light guides.
  • liquid crystal sheets can be placed on any portion of either of the outer surfaces 1853 and/or 1854 of light guides, in full or partial sheets of various lengths, widths and patterns to create various types of diffuse emission designs on either of the outer surfaces 1853 and/or 1854 of the light guides.
  • a liquid crystal sheet can be applied on one or more light redirecting surfaces of the optical extractors (not shown in FIG. 18B.)
  • the amount of light that is redirected can be electronically controlled to change the respective light distributions that are output by the optical extractor.
  • the lobes 1 l45a, l245a, and l245c, of the light distribution can be varied by adjusting the reflective properties of the redirecting surfaces of the optical extractor, which allows for additional photometric shaping of the luminaire 1905 or 2005.
  • Some of the disclosed luminaires can include multiple luminaire modules arranged to have output apertures offset from each other.
  • FIG. 19A is an exploded view of a portion of an example luminaire 1905 that is configured to allow control of illumination of portions of a surrounding ceiling.
  • fixtures according to the present technology can be configured to illuminate various target surfaces, for example a ceiling, a wall, a floor or other surface or combinations of two or more of such surfaces.
  • the illumination by portion is accomplished via a combination of multiple luminaire modules that are integrated into one fixture that are configured to provide light to different portions of a target surface and allow independent activation/dimming during operation.
  • the example luminaire 1905 includes two luminaire modules 1910 and 1920 - other examples may include more.
  • the first luminaire module 1910 is formed from a first light engine 1915 and a first optical system including a first light guide 1911 of a first depth Di, along the z-axis, and a first extractor 1912.
  • the second luminaire module 1920 is formed from a second light engine 1925 and a second optical system including a second light guide 1921 of a second depth D 2 , along the z-axis, and a second extractor 1922.
  • the predetermined offset D is a fraction of the depth D 2 of the deeper light guide 1921, e.g., D can be 80%, 50%, 20%, 10% or less of D 2.
  • Luminaire modules in other example fixtures may have light guides with relative depths that allow deliberate obstruction of light output from different extractors, as the predetermined offset D 0, for instance.
  • Other example extractors may output light on both sides, as shown for example in FIG. 13 A.
  • light in the luminaire modules 1910 and 1920 propagates through the respective light guides 1911 , 1921 in generally forward directions, here parallel to within acute angles relative to the (positive) z-direction, while light is output through respective extractors 1912, 1922 in generally backward directions including obtuse angles relative to the forward direction.
  • Other example fixtures may have other output light distributions.
  • the first extractor 1912, the second extractor 1922 or both may be configured to output light in backward and forward directions or forward directions only, here in directions with parallel components relative to the (positive) z-direction.
  • output apertures associated with the optical system of the first luminaire module 1910 include output surfaces of the first optical extractor 1912
  • output apertures associated with the optical system of the second luminaire module 1920 include output surfaces of the second optical extractor 1922.
  • the luminaire modules 1910 and 1920 include their own light engines 1915 and 1925.
  • Each light engine 1915, 1925 includes a substrate with light-emitting elements (LEEs) 1916 and 1926, respectively that are configured to allow operative connection to a controller 1990.
  • the controller 1990 can be implemented, e.g., like the computing device 2300 described below in connection with FIG. 23.
  • the LEEs provide multiple discrete light sources.
  • the LEEs may be displaced from and optically coupled with the luminaire modules 1910 and 1920 via optical fibers (e.g., as shown above in FIGs. 13C and 13E).
  • one or more LEEs may be coupled to one or more fibers with one end of each of the one or more optical fibers receiving light from the one or more LEEs and the opposite ends being optically coupled with a respective luminaire module.
  • the example luminaire 1905 is configured to allow independent control of the overall amount of light provided by the light engines 1915 and 1925 via the controller
  • LEEs 1916 and/or 1926 can be configured to allow more granular control of LEEs 1916 and/or 1926, for example, vary amounts of light provided along the elongate extension (here the y-direction) independently per light engine or in other ways.
  • the optical systems of the luminaire modules 1910 and 1920 further include respective coupling portions 1913 and 1923 with pockets 19131 and 19231 providing input apertures associated with respective optical systems of the luminaire modules 1910 and 1920 for receiving light from the LEEs 1916 and 1926.
  • the pockets 19131 and 19231 are spaced apart from each other along the y-axis.
  • the pockets 19131 and 19231 are arranged in a contiguous manner to form respective grooves extending along the y-axis.
  • the pockets 19131 and 19231 and/or the grooves are sized to accommodate the LEEs 1916 and 1926 when the light engines 1915 and 1925 are operatively combined with their respective optical systems.
  • the coupling portions 1913 and 1923 are tapered to collimate light before it propagates to respective light guides 1911 and 1921.
  • the light guides 1911 and 1921 of this example are configured to aid in mixing light from respective light engines 1915/1925 to provide a more uniform light distribution along the exit aperture of the light guides 1911 and 1921 near their respective extractors 1912 and 1922.
  • the light guides 1911 and 1921 are spaced apart with a medium 1950.
  • the medium 1950 which separates the light guides 1911 and 1921 by a predetermined spacing d along the x- axis in the assembled configuration, is an air gap.
  • Other examples may include a solid intermediary layer of transparent material having a refractive index lower than the light guides abutting them on both sides. Such an intermediary layer may allow for some light to pass from one luminaire module to another and/or vice versa.
  • an intermediary layer may be employed that allows control of optical properties during operation, for example an electrochromic or liquid crystal system that allows transmission of varying amounts of light depending on an applied voltage, as described above in connection with FIGs. 18A-18B. Other intermediary layers are possible.
  • the extractors 1912 and 1922 are configured to output light within different solid angles in order to provide light to different portions of a target surface.
  • the extractors may be configured to provide light distributions that allow for uniform illuminance or other distribution on the target surface. Details regarding the extractors 1912 and 1922 as well as other components of the luminaire modules 1910 and 1920 are described in detail in connection with FIGs. 13A-13F, and in the incorporated references noted above.
  • the example luminaire 1905 has a generally planar elongate profile extending along the y-axis.
  • the angular ranges 1145 and 1245 can be oriented in ways other than as shown so far.
  • some fixtures according to the present technology can be deliberately configured to enhance or de-emphasize aspects of ceilings, plenums, walls, reflector dishes, or other surfaces and/or additional optical elements by way of providing more or less amounts of light at shallow/gracing incidence angles.
  • FIG. 19B shows a polar plot 1999 of example output light distributions of the luminaire 1905 based on the example angular ranges indicated in FIG. 19A.
  • lobe 1 l45a corresponds to light output by the first luminaire module 1910 of the luminaire 1905 in the first backward angular range 1145.
  • Lobe l245a corresponds to light output by the second luminaire module 1920 of luminaire 1905 in the second backward angular range 1245.
  • lobe l245c corresponds to light output by the second luminaire module 1920 of the luminaire 1905 in the forward angular range 1245". Note that the illustrated shapes of the lobes are schematic only and may be different in different implementations.
  • the spatial dimming is achieved as a superposition of individually weighted light distributions H45a and l245a by selectively activating and/or dimming the corresponding light sources - in this case the respective LEEs 1916 and 1926.
  • the output light distribution H45a is provided by luminaire module 19910 and has a shorter range on a target surface perpendicularly intersecting the z-axis at positive z coordinates.
  • output light distributions at shallower angles relative to the target surface similar to 1 l45a can be provided by luminaire module 1920 and has a longer range on such a target surface.
  • the longer range refers to potentially wider portions and/or greater distances of a target surface that can be illuminated by the fixture.
  • example fixtures can be configured with curvilinear profiles in the z-plane with open or closed polygonal or toroidal/annular shapes, for example. Closed configurations of such shapes can provide symmetrical illumination about the z-axis even when using luminaire modules with profiles that otherwise have asymmetrical output light distributions.
  • FIG. 20 shows a perspective schematic view of a portion of another example luminaire 2005 with two nested luminaire modules 2010 and 2020, each of which having contiguous toroidal shape - a quadrant portion of the example luminaire 2005 is broken away for better illustration.
  • the luminaire modules 2010 and 2020 and the luminaire modules 1910 and 1920 of example luminaire 1905 have similar profiles in sectional planes through the z-axis, however, luminaire modules 2010 and 2020 are wrapped in a circular manner about axis 2001 of the luminaire 2005.
  • the light guides 2011, 2021, extractors 2012, 2022, and couplers 2013, 2023 of the nested luminaire modules 2010, 2020 have continuous axial symmetry.
  • Other components may have like or different symmetry.
  • light engines e.g., similar to 1915, 1925
  • Other implementations may have light guides, extractors, couplers and/or other components with discrete rotational symmetry, e.g., with a polygonal perimeter.
  • the first luminaire module 2010 is formed from a first light engine (not shown in FIG. 20) and a first optical system including the first light guide 2011 having a first depth Di, along the z-axis, and the first extractor 2012.
  • the second luminaire module 2020 is formed from a second light engine (not shown in FIG. 20) and a second optical system including a second light guide 2021 of a second depth D 2 , along the z-axis, and the second extractor 2022.
  • a predetermined offset D D 2 — D 1 , as illustrated.
  • the predetermined offset D is a fraction of the depth D 2 of the deeper light guide 2021, and D can be, e.g., 80%, 50%, 20%, 10% or less of D 2.
  • light in the luminaire modules 2010 and 2020 propagates through the respective light guides 2011, 2021 in generally forward directions, here parallel to the (positive) z-direction, while light is output through respective extractors 2012, 2022 in generally backward directions including obtuse angles relative to the forward direction.
  • the first extractor 2012 of the first luminaire module 2010 can output light in a first backward angular range 1145
  • the second extractor 2022 of the second luminaire module 2020 can output light in a second backward angular range 1245 and in the forward angular range 1245".
  • output apertures associated with the optical system of the first luminaire module 2010 include output surfaces of the first optical extractor 2012
  • output apertures associated with the optical system of the second luminaire module 2020 include output surfaces of the second optical extractor 2022.
  • the couplers 2013 and 2023 have pockets 20131 and 20231 providing input apertures associated with respective optical systems of luminaire modules 2010 and 2020 for receiving light from the LEEs of the respective light engines of the luminaire modules 2010 and 2020.
  • the pockets 20131 and 20231 are spaced apart from each other along an azimuthal direction, e.g., in the (x,y)-plane.
  • the pockets 20131 and 20231 are arranged in a contiguous manner to form respective grooves extending along the azimuthal direction, e.g., in the (x,y)-plane.
  • the pockets 20131 and 20231 and/or the grooves are sized to accommodate the LEEs when the respective light engines are operatively combined with their respective optical systems.
  • the couplers 2013 and 2023 are tapered to collimate light before it propagates to respective light guides 2011 and 2021.
  • the light guides 2011 and 2021 of this example are configured to aid in mixing light from the respective light engines to provide a more uniform light distribution along the exit aperture of the light guides 2011 and 2021 near their respective extractors 2012 and 2022.
  • the light guides 2011 and 2021 are spaced apart with a medium 2050.
  • the medium 2050 the medium
  • an air gap 2050 which separates the light guides 2011 and 2021 by a predetermined spacing d along the radial direction in the assembled configuration, is an air gap.
  • Other examples may include a solid intermediary layer of transparent material having a refractive index lower than the light guides abutting them on both sides. Such an intermediary layer may allow for some light to pass from one side to another and/or vice versa.
  • an intermediary layer may be employed that allows control of optical properties during operation, for example an electrochromic or liquid crystal system that allows transmission of varying amounts of light depending on an applied voltage, as described below in connection with FIGs. 18A-18B.
  • the predetermined spacing d between the light guides 2011 and 2021 can cover a broad range of values.
  • the lower bound of the range corresponds to the case when the light guides 2011, 2021 are substantially in contact with each other or when they are separated by a very thin film.
  • the spacing d is smallest, d ® 0.
  • the upper bound of the range corresponds to the case when
  • the inner light guide 2021 is a pipe of thickness T.
  • the spacing d is largest,— - > 0, where the toroidal outer light guide 2011 has inner diameter IDi.
  • FIG. 21 shows an example fixture 2105 configured that can be partially recessed or flush mounted on a support surface.
  • the fixture 2105 includes two nested luminaire modules 2110, 2120 arranged in like directions.
  • the luminaire modules 2110, 2120 are arranged in a concentric manner like the luminaire modules 2010, 2020 described above.
  • the fixture 2105 further includes a housing 2180 which encapsulates at least a portion of the respective light engines of the luminaire modules 2110, 2120, and provides support for the respective optical systems of the luminaire modules 2110, 2120.
  • a housing 2180 which encapsulates at least a portion of the respective light engines of the luminaire modules 2110, 2120, and provides support for the respective optical systems of the luminaire modules 2110, 2120.
  • input apertures of the optical systems of the luminaire modules 2110, 2120 are arranged in the same plane, here parallel to the (x,y)-plane, while output apertures of the optical systems of the luminaire modules 2110, 2120 are staggered along the z- axis by a predetermined offset D.
  • the light guides of the luminaire modules 2110, 2120 are spaced apart in the radial direction by a predetermined spacing d.
  • a medium between the light guides of the luminaire modules 2110, 2120 is either an air gap, or a dielectric film having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the light guides.
  • the fixture 2105 also includes a reflector 2155, e.g., of a ceiling 2109, and arranged to surround the nested luminaire modules 2110, 2120.
  • the reflector 2155 can be shaped to receive light output by luminaire module 2110, luminaire module 2120, or both luminaire modules 2110 and 2120, and to redirect the received light in a forward direction. Any remaining light that is output from the luminaire modules 2110 and 2120 can be used for indirect illumination, for example to provide diffuse lighting to a space under the fixture 2105 from the surrounding ceiling 2109.
  • FIG. 22 shows another example fixture 2205 configured as a pendant.
  • the fixture 2205 includes two nested luminaire modules 2210, 2220 arranged in like directions.
  • the luminaire modules 2210, 2220 are arranged in a concentric manner like the luminaire modules 2010, 2020 or 2110, 2120 described above.
  • the fixture 2205 further includes a housing 2280 which encapsulates at least a portion of the respective light engines of the luminaire modules 2210, 2220, and provides support for the respective optical systems of the luminaire modules 2210, 2220.
  • input apertures of the optical systems of the luminaire modules 2210, 2220 are arranged in the same plane, here parallel to the (x,y)-plane, while output apertures of the optical systems of the luminaire modules 2210, 2220 are staggered along the z-axis by a predetermined offset D.
  • the light guides of the luminaire modules 2210, 2220 are spaced apart in the radial direction by a predetermined spacing 5. In this example, the light guides of the luminaire modules 2210, 2220 are separated by an air gap.
  • the fixture 2205 also includes a pair of reflectors 2255, 2257.
  • the first reflector 2255 is supported by the housing 2280 and is arranged to surround the first luminaire module 2210.
  • the first reflector 2255 is shaped to receive light output by the first luminaire module 2210 in a backward direction, and to redirect the received light in a forward direction.
  • the second reflector 2257 is supported by the housing 2280 and is arranged to surround the second luminaire module 2220. As shown in FIG. 22, the second reflector 2257 is disposed above the output apertures of the optical system of the second luminaire module 2220, but below the output apertures of the optical system of the first luminaire module 2210.
  • the second reflector 2257 is shaped to receive light output by the second luminaire module 2220 in a backward direction, and to redirect the received light in a forward direction.
  • the entire fixture 2205 can be suspended, e.g., from a ceiling, using a rod / cable 2282 attached to the housing 2280.
  • FIG. 23 is a block diagram of computing devices 2300, 2350 that may be used to implement the systems and methods described in this document, either as a client or as a server or plurality of servers.
  • Computing device 2300 is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframes, and other appropriate computers.
  • Computing device 2300 can also represent all or parts of various forms of computerized devices, such as embedded digital controllers, media bridges, modems, network routers, network access points, network repeaters, and network interface devices including mesh network communication interfaces.
  • Computing device 2350 is intended to represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular telephones, smartphones, and other similar computing devices.
  • Computing device 2300 includes a processor 2302, a memory 2304, a storage device 2306, a high speed interface 2308 connecting to memory 2304 and high-speed expansion ports 2310, and a low speed interface 2312 connecting to a low speed bus 2314 and storage device 2306.
  • processor 2302 includes a processor 2302, a memory 2304, a storage device 2306, a high speed interface 2308 connecting to memory 2304 and high-speed expansion ports 2310, and a low speed interface 2312 connecting to a low speed bus 2314 and storage device 2306.
  • Each of the components 2302, 2304, 2306, 2308, 2310, and 2312 are interconnected using various busses, and may be mounted on a common motherboard or in other manners as appropriate.
  • the processor 2302 can process instructions for execution within the computing device 2300, including instructions stored in the memory 2304 or on the storage device 2306 to display graphical information for a GUI on an external input/output device, such as display 2316 coupled to high speed interface 2308.
  • an external input/output device such as display 2316 coupled to high speed interface 2308.
  • multiple processors and/or multiple buses may be used, as appropriate, along with multiple memories and types of memory.
  • multiple computing devices 2300 may be connected, with each device providing portions of the necessary operations (e.g., as a server bank, a group of blade servers, or a multi-processor system).
  • the memory 2304 stores information within the computing device 2300.
  • the memory 2304 is a computer-readable medium.
  • the memory 2304 is a volatile memory unit or units.
  • the memory 2304 is a non-volatile memory unit or units.
  • the storage device 2306 is capable of providing mass storage for the computing device 2300.
  • the storage device 2306 is a computer-readable medium.
  • the storage device 2306 may be a floppy disk device, a hard disk device, an optical disk device, or a tape device, a flash memory or other similar solid state memory device, or an array of devices, including devices in a storage area network or other configurations.
  • a computer program product is tangibly embodied in an information carrier.
  • the computer program product contains instructions that, when executed, perform one or more methods, such as those described above.
  • the information carrier is a computer- or machine- readable medium, such as the memory 2304, the storage device 2306, or memory on processor 2302.
  • the high speed controller 2308 manages bandwidth-intensive operations for the computing device 2300, while the low speed controller 2312 manages lower bandwidth-intensive operations. Such allocation of duties is exemplary only.
  • the high-speed controller 2308 is coupled to memory 2304, display 2316 (e.g., through a graphics processor or accelerator), and to high-speed expansion ports 2310, which may accept various expansion cards (not shown).
  • low-speed controller 2312 is coupled to storage device 2306 and low-speed expansion port 2317 through the low-speed bus 2314.
  • the low-speed expansion port which may include various communication ports (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), BLUETOOTH, BLUETOOTH Low Energy (BLE), Ethernet, wireless Ethernet (WiFi), High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), ZIGBEE, visible or infrared transceivers, Infrared Data Association (IrDA), fiber optic, laser, sonic, ultrasonic) may be coupled to one or more input/output devices, such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a scanner, a networking device such as a gateway, modem, switch, or router, e.g., through a network adapter 2313.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • BLE BLUETOOTH
  • Ethernet wireless Ethernet
  • WiFi High-Definition Multimedia Interface
  • HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface
  • ZIGBEE High-Definition Multimedia Interface
  • IrDA Infrared Data Association
  • fiber optic laser, sonic, ultrasonic
  • Peripheral devices can communicate with the high speed controller 2308 through one or more peripheral interfaces of the low speed controller 2312, including but not limited to a USB stack, an Ethernet stack, a WiFi radio, a BLUETOOTH Low Energy (BLE) radio, a ZIGBEE radio, an HDMI stack, and a BLUETOOTH radio, as is appropriate for the configuration of the particular sensor.
  • a sensor that outputs a reading over a USB cable can communicate through a USB stack.
  • the network adapter 2313 can communicate with a network 2315.
  • Computer networks typically have one or more gateways, modems, routers, media interfaces, media bridges, repeaters, switches, hubs, Domain Name Servers (DNS), and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) servers that allow communication between devices on the network and devices on other networks (e.g. the Internet).
  • DNS Domain Name Server
  • DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  • One such gateway can be a network gateway that routes network communication traffic among devices within the network and devices outside of the network.
  • DNS Domain Name Server
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the network 2315 can include one or more networks.
  • the network(s) may provide for communications under various modes or protocols, such as Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) voice calls, Short Message Service (SMS), Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS), or Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) messaging, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Personal Digital Cellular (PDC), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), CDMA2000, General Packet Radio System (GPRS), or one or more television or cable networks, among others.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communication
  • SMS Short Message Service
  • EMS Enhanced Messaging Service
  • MMS Multimedia Messaging Service
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • PDC Personal Digital Cellular
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • CDMA2000 Code Division Multiple Access 2000
  • GPRS General Packet Radio System
  • the network 2315 can have a hub-and-spoke network configuration.
  • a hub- and-spoke network configuration can allow for an extensible network that can accommodate components being added, removed, failing, and replaced. This can allow, for example, more, fewer, or different devices on the network 2315. For example, if a device fails or is deprecated by a newer version of the device, the network 2315 can be configured such that network adapter 2313 can to be updated about the replacement device.
  • the network 2315 can have a mesh network configuration (e.g., ZIGBEE).
  • Mesh configurations may be contrasted with conventional star/tree network configurations in which the networked devices are directly linked to only a small subset of other network devices (e.g., bridges/switches), and the links between these devices are hierarchical.
  • a mesh network configuration can allow infrastructure nodes (e.g., bridges, switches and other infrastructure devices) to connect directly and non-hierarchically to other nodes.
  • the connections can dynamically self-organize and self-configure to route data.
  • multiple nodes can participate in the relay of information.
  • the mesh network can self-configure to dynamically redistribute workloads and provide fault-tolerance and network robustness.
  • the computing device 2300 may be implemented in a number of different forms, as shown in the figure. For example, it may be implemented as a standard server 2320, or multiple times in a group of such servers. It may also be implemented as part of a rack server system 2324. It may also be implemented as part of network device such a modem, gateway, router, access point, repeater, mesh node, switch, hub, or security device (e.g., camera server). In addition, it may be implemented in a personal computer such as a laptop computer 2322. Alternatively, components from computing device 2300 may be combined with other components in a mobile device (not shown), such as device 2350.
  • a mobile device not shown
  • the device 2350 can be a mobile telephone (e.g., a smartphone), a handheld computer, a tablet computer, a network appliance, a camera, an enhanced general packet radio service (EGPRS) mobile phone, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, an interactive or so-called“smart” television, a media streaming device, or a combination of any two or more of these data processing devices or other data processing devices.
  • the device 2350 can be included as part of a motor vehicle (e.g., an automobile, an emergency vehicle (e.g., fire truck, ambulance), a bus). Each of such devices may contain one or more of computing device 2300, 2350, and an entire system may be made up of multiple computing devices 2300, 2350 communicating with each other through a low speed bus or a wired or wireless network.
  • a motor vehicle e.g., an automobile, an emergency vehicle (e.g., fire truck, ambulance), a bus.
  • Each of such devices may contain one or more of computing
  • Computing device 2350 includes a processor 2352, memory 2364, an input/output device such as a display 2354, a communication interface 2366, and a transceiver 2368, among other components.
  • the device 2350 may also be provided with a storage device, such as a microdrive or other device, to provide additional storage.
  • a storage device such as a microdrive or other device, to provide additional storage.
  • Each of the components 2350, 2352, 2364, 2354, 2366, and 2368, are interconnected using various buses, and several of the components may be mounted on a common motherboard or in other manners as appropriate.
  • the processor 2352 can process instructions for execution within the computing device 2350, including instructions stored in the memory 2364.
  • the processor may also include separate analog and digital processors.
  • the processor may provide, for example, for coordination of the other components of the device 2350, such as control of user interfaces, applications run by device 2350, and wireless communication by device 2350.
  • Processor 2352 may communicate with a user through control interface 2358 and display interface 2356 coupled to a display 2354.
  • the display 2354 may be, for example, a TFT LCD display or an OLED display, or other appropriate display technology.
  • the display interface 2356 may comprise appropriate circuitry for driving the display 2354 to present graphical and other information to a user.
  • the control interface 2358 may receive commands from a user and convert them for submission to the processor 2352.
  • an external interface 2362 may be in communication with processor 2352, so as to enable near area communication of device 2350 with other devices.
  • External interface 2362 may provide, for example, for wired communication (e.g., via a docking procedure) or for wireless communication (e.g., via Bluetooth or other such technologies).
  • the memory 2364 stores information within the computing device 2350.
  • the memory 2364 is a computer-readable medium.
  • the memory 2364 is a volatile memory unit or units.
  • the memory 2364 is a non-volatile memory unit or units.
  • Expansion memory 2374 may also be provided and connected to device 2350 through expansion interface 2372, which may include, for example, a SIMM card interface. Such expansion memory 2374 may provide extra storage space for device 2350, or may also store applications or other information for device 2350.
  • expansion memory 2374 may include instructions to carry out or supplement the processes described above, and may include secure information also.
  • expansion memory 2374 may be provided as a security module for device 2350, and may be programmed with instructions that permit secure use of device 2350.
  • secure applications may be provided via the SIMM cards, along with additional information, such as placing identifying information on the SIMM card in a non- hackable manner.
  • the memory may include for example, flash memory and/or MRAM memory, as discussed below.
  • a computer program product is tangibly embodied in an information carrier.
  • the computer program product contains instructions that, when executed, perform one or more methods, such as those described above.
  • the information carrier is a computer- or machine- readable medium, such as the memory 2364, expansion memory 2374, or memory on processor 2352.
  • Device 2350 may communicate wirelessly through communication interface 2366, which may include digital signal processing circuitry where necessary. Communication interface 2366 may provide for communications under various modes or protocols, such as GSM voice calls, Voice Over LTE (VOLTE) calls, SMS, EMS, or MMS messaging, CDMA, TDMA, PDC, WCDMA, CDMA2000, GPRS, WiMAX, LTE, among others. Such communication may occur, for example, through radio-frequency transceiver 2368. In addition, short-range communication may occur, such as using a Bluetooth, WiFi, or other such transceiver (not shown) configured to provide uplink and/or downlink portions of data communication. In addition, GPS receiver module 2370 may provide additional wireless data to device 2350, which may be used as appropriate by applications running on device 2350.
  • VOLTE Voice Over LTE
  • Device 2350 may also communication audibly using audio codec 2360, which may receive spoken information from a user and convert it to usable digital information. Audio codex 2360 may likewise generate audible sound for a user, such as through a speaker, e.g., in a handset of device 2350. Such sound may include sound from voice telephone calls, may include recorded sound (e.g., voice messages, music files, etc.) and may also include sound generated by applications operating on device 2350.
  • Audio codec 2360 may receive spoken information from a user and convert it to usable digital information. Audio codex 2360 may likewise generate audible sound for a user, such as through a speaker, e.g., in a handset of device 2350. Such sound may include sound from voice telephone calls, may include recorded sound (e.g., voice messages, music files, etc.) and may also include sound generated by applications operating on device 2350.
  • the computing device 2350 may be implemented in a number of different forms, as shown in the figure. For example, it may be implemented as a cellular telephone 2380. It may also be implemented as part of a smartphone 2382, personal digital assistant, or other similar mobile device.
  • implementations of the systems and techniques described here can be realized in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, specially designed ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof.
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • These various implementations can include implementation in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.
  • the systems and techniques described here can be implemented on a computer having a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) by which the user can provide input to the computer.
  • a display device e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor
  • a keyboard and a pointing device e.g., a mouse or a trackball
  • Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.
  • the systems and techniques described here can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back end component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front end component (e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described here), or any combination of such back end, middleware, or front end components.
  • the components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include a local area network (“LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”), and the Internet. Some communication networks can be configured to carry power as well as information on the same physical media.
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • Some communication networks can be configured to carry power as well as information on the same physical media.
  • PLC Power Line Communication
  • PDSL power-line digital subscriber line
  • PPN power-line networking
  • EOP Ethernet-Over-Power
  • the computing system can include clients and servers.
  • a client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network.
  • the relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other.
  • the computing system can include routers, gateways, modems, switches, hub, bridges, and repeaters.
  • a router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks and performs traffic directing functions.
  • a network switch is a networking device that connects networked devices together by performing packet switching to receive, process, and forward data to destination devices.
  • a gateway is a network device that allows data to flow from one discrete network to another. Some gateways can be distinct from routers or switches in that they can communicate using more than one protocol and can operate at one or more of the seven layers of the open systems interconnection model (OSI).
  • a media bridge is a network device that converts data between transmission media so that it can be transmitted from computer to computer.
  • a modem is a type of media bridge, typically used to connect a local area network to a wide area network such as a telecommunications network.
  • a network repeater is a network device that receives a signal and retransmits it to extend transmissions and allow the signal can cover longer distances or overcome a communications obstruction.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'éclairage qui comprend un luminaire comprenant un système optique configuré pour émettre de la lumière pour un éclairage spatial. Le système optique a une première ouverture de sortie à travers laquelle à la fois (i) une lumière comportant des données de liaison descendante codées est émise, et (ii) une lumière comportant des données de liaison montante codées est reçue. Le système d'éclairage comprend en outre un moteur de lumière comprenant un ou plusieurs éléments d'émission de lumière (LEE). Le moteur de lumière est optiquement couplé à une ouverture d'entrée du système optique pour fournir, au système optique, la lumière pour un éclairage spatial. De plus, le système d'éclairage comprend un dispositif de routage de données couplé de manière fonctionnelle au système optique ou au moteur de lumière et configuré pour (i) traiter les données de liaison descendante et les données de liaison montante, et (ii) établir une communication fonctionnelle avec un ou plusieurs dispositifs sur la base de la lumière émise et reçue à travers la première ouverture de sortie.
PCT/US2019/021055 2018-03-06 2019-03-06 Luminaire et système d'éclairage fournissant une sortie de lumière directionnelle WO2019173543A1 (fr)

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WO2022175628A1 (fr) * 2021-02-22 2022-08-25 Lucibel Sa Luminaire connectable à un réseau de télécommunication
FR3124664A1 (fr) * 2021-06-28 2022-12-30 Lucibel Luminaire connectable à un réseau de télécommunication.

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WO2022175628A1 (fr) * 2021-02-22 2022-08-25 Lucibel Sa Luminaire connectable à un réseau de télécommunication
FR3120112A1 (fr) * 2021-02-22 2022-08-26 Lucibel Luminaire connectable à un réseau de télécommunication.
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EP4113863A1 (fr) * 2021-06-28 2023-01-04 Lucibel SA Luminaire connectable à un réseau de télécommunication

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