WO2019172576A1 - Q-팩터 검출 장치 및 그 방법 - Google Patents
Q-팩터 검출 장치 및 그 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019172576A1 WO2019172576A1 PCT/KR2019/002407 KR2019002407W WO2019172576A1 WO 2019172576 A1 WO2019172576 A1 WO 2019172576A1 KR 2019002407 W KR2019002407 W KR 2019002407W WO 2019172576 A1 WO2019172576 A1 WO 2019172576A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to wireless power transfer technology.
- ⁇ Transmitters '' are objects that consume power and are not intended to transmit wireless power. As a general term, it causes a problem of reducing power transmission efficiency.
- the metal material FO receives a relatively higher power than a high frequency wireless power system.
- the FO receives energy by a magnetic field and the eddy current is induced, a large amount of power may be consumed due to the low resistance component of the metal material, and the FO may be heated. The same phenomenon occurs as heating a metal container in an induction cooker.
- the FO causes power consumption to reduce efficiency, and heated FOs can cause burns upon human or animal contact. Therefore, it is very important to detect and protect the FO.
- the eddy current flows only to the metal surface by the skin effect, so that the resistance component of the FO is relatively increased, so that a large amount of current is not induced, which is not a big problem compared to the low frequency system.
- One of the FO detection methods uses a resonance waveform.
- the resonance waveform is generated by the LC resonance.
- the applied voltage is a DC voltage in the form of a step pulse
- LC resonance occurs due to energy when the voltage is suddenly applied.
- the resonance waveform does not last and its amplitude gradually decreases, and the resonance disappears.
- the magnetic field generated by self resonance of the resonator induces an eddy current in the FO, which consumes energy.
- the resonant waveform rapidly decreases in amplitude due to energy loss.
- the FO can be detected if the voltage is applied and the time at which the amplitude is maintained is detected.
- a similar phenomenon occurs even when a normal wireless power receiver (Rx, hereinafter referred to as a "receiver" is located on the transmitter.
- Rx normal wireless power receiver
- the normal receiver is determined to be FO and the transmission operation is stopped, wireless power transmission may not be performed, and thus, normal wireless power transmission may not be performed.
- Another method of FO detection is to use an auxiliary antenna. Detecting the FO by using the characteristic that the LC resonance is reduced is similar to the method using the above-described resonance waveform, but performs a function of precharging the receiver with the transmitting antenna, and then detects the FO with the auxiliary antenna. Using this method, the normal load and the FO are separated and detected.
- the precharge method outputs a small amount of power from the transmitter to charge the receiver in advance. Then, when the small auxiliary antenna is energized briefly to generate magnetic resonance, the receiver is already charged with energy, and thus the small auxiliary antenna does not react to the energy emitted. Thus, the energy radiated from the small antenna will only act on the FO, which may be present.
- the presence or absence of the FO can be determined from the decay rate of the resonance waveform.
- This method can be said to be much more effective than the method using the above-described resonant waveform because the normal receiver and the FO can be detected separately.
- the need for an auxiliary antenna is a disadvantage because it increases the manufacturing cost and requires a separate driving circuit.
- the rapid reduction of the resonant waveform in the above two methods is due to the energy consuming elements, which lowers the quality factor (Q-factor) of the resonator including the antenna. Same as the effect.
- Q-factor quality factor
- a method and apparatus for detecting an FO that may cause power loss or excessive heat generation of a transmitter in the vicinity of a transmitter are proposed. Furthermore, an apparatus and method for stably measuring the Q of a resonator to detect FO are proposed.
- a Q-factor detecting apparatus detects an envelope of a resonance capacitor voltage Vc in a transmission resonator when a power amplifier constituting a wireless power transmitter supplies power to a transmission resonator to detect an envelope output voltage V ENV (t A detector for storing and maintaining the envelope output voltage V ENV (0) when the power amplifier stops power supply, and for determining the presence of foreign matter around the wireless power transmitter. It includes a Q-factor measuring unit for measuring the Q-factor of the transmission resonator using the envelope output voltage V ENV (t) and V ENV (0).
- the sample and hold unit may receive a Q_DECT signal for Q-factor detection as a control signal and store and maintain the envelope output voltage V ENV (0) when the Q_DECT signal goes low.
- the envelope detector comprises a circuit comprising a diode D1 and a capacitor C1 to detect the envelope of the resonant capacitor voltage Vc, and a resistor circuit that adjusts the envelope output voltage V ENV (0) of the envelope detector according to the ratio of the resistors R1 and R2. It may include.
- the Q-factor measuring unit compares the envelope output voltage V ENV (t) of the envelope detector with the envelope output voltage V ENV (0) of the sample and hold section to output the comparison voltage VCOMP, and then outputs the envelope output voltage V ENV (t). The time to be lower than this V ENV (0) voltage can be measured.
- the Q-factor measuring unit may calculate a time T 1 at which the envelope output voltage V ENV (t) is 1 / N times the envelope output voltage V ENV (0).
- the Q-factor measuring unit calculates the Q-factor Q Calculated by, N is the resistance ratio of the resistors constituting the envelope detector, ⁇ 0 may be the resonance frequency.
- a Q-factor detecting apparatus detects an envelope of a resonance capacitor voltage Vc in a transmission resonator and provides an envelope output voltage V ENV (t) when a power amplifier constituting the wireless power transmitter supplies power to the transmission resonator.
- the envelope detector and the output envelope voltage V ENV and the a / D converter for quantizing a (t), by using the envelope, the output voltage V ENV (t) to the peripheral wireless power transmitter determines the presence or absence of foreign matter Q- transmission resonator It includes a Q-factor measuring unit for measuring the factor.
- the Q-factor measuring unit measures the envelope output voltage V ENV (T) after a predetermined time T, and the Q-factor Q is expressed by the following equation: And V (0) is the resonant capacitor voltage when the power amplifier operation stops, and ⁇ 0 may be the resonant frequency.
- a Q-factor detection method includes supplying power to a transmission resonator through a power amplifier constituting a wireless power transmitter, and detecting an envelope of the resonance capacitor voltage Vc in the transmission resonator through an envelope detector to detect the envelope output voltage V ENV. outputting (t), measuring the resonant capacitor voltage V (0) when the power amplifier stops power supply, and the envelope output voltage V ENV (t) is equal to 1 of the resonant capacitor voltage V (0). Calculating a time T 1 , which is multiplied by / N times.
- the Q-factor Q Comprising a step of calculating through N is the resistance ratio of the resistors constituting the envelope detector, ⁇ 0 may be the resonant frequency.
- a Q-factor detection method includes supplying power to a transmission resonator through a power amplifier constituting a wireless power transmitter and detecting an envelope of the resonance capacitor voltage Vc in the transmission resonator to determine the envelope output voltage V ENV (t). Outputting, measuring the resonant capacitor voltage V (0) when the power amplifier stops power supply, and measuring the envelope output voltage V ENV (T) after a predetermined time T.
- the Q-factor Q Comprising the step of calculating, wherein V (0) is the resonant capacitor voltage when the power amplifier operation is stopped, ⁇ 0 may be the resonant frequency.
- the power amplifier in measuring the resonator Q of the transmitter, does not have to drive at the same frequency as the resonant frequency of the resonator, (2) the receiver by applying a method for measuring the decay time of the resonant waveform It is possible to determine the existence of FO regardless of the presence or absence of (3) and (3) Q can be measured by measuring the time proportional to the Q by FO regardless of the presence or absence of the receiver.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a transmitter circuit to help understand the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a transmitter, a receiver, and an FO circuit of a metal material according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows a resonant waveform in the circuit of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of a transmission resonator when energy supply to the transmission resonator is stopped according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of a Q-factor detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a transmitter circuit implementing the scheme of FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 illustrates a transmitter circuit implementing the scheme of FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a method of measuring Q by software by measuring an envelope output voltage according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- each block or step may represent a portion of a module, segment or code that includes one or more executable instructions for executing specific logical functions, and in some alternative embodiments referred to in blocks or steps It should be noted that the functions may occur out of order. For example, the two blocks or steps shown in succession may, in fact, be performed substantially concurrently, or the blocks or steps may be performed in the reverse order of the corresponding function, as required.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a transmitter circuit for the understanding of the present invention.
- a transmitter 1 includes a power amplifier 10 and a transmission resonator 12.
- a class-D power amplifier composed of the switches M1 and M2 101 and 102 is illustrated as an example, but the type of the power amplifier 10 is not limited thereto.
- the switches M1 and M2 101 and 102 may perform the same function even if they are replaced with active devices capable of switching operations, for example, BJT, SiC FET, GaN FET, and the like.
- the switch M1 101 is a high side switch (HS), generating an HS pulse
- the switch M2 102 is a low side switch (LS), generating an LS pulse.
- the power amplifier 10 is driven by the switching operations (on, off) of the switches M1, M2 (101, 102), and the current induced by the driving is supplied to the transmission antenna L 120 of the transmission resonator 12.
- the transmit resonator 12 includes a Tx antenna L 120 and a resonant capacitor C 122.
- the power amplifier 10 supplies power to the transmission resonator 12
- This phenomenon may be equivalent to that of the resistance element R 124 consuming power, connected to the transmission resonator 12, as shown in (b) of the equivalent circuit of FIG.
- the larger the resistance value of the resistor R (124) means a larger loss, and the Q of the transmission resonator 12 is lowered.
- the peak voltage of the capacitor voltage Vc may be interpreted as Equation 1 in the frequency domain.
- Equation 3 since R / L can be expressed by Q and resonant frequency, Equation 3 can be finally obtained.
- the absolute value of the capacitor voltage Vc that is, the magnitude information of the capacitor voltage Vc is proportional to the magnitude information of Q and the driving voltage Vs. Since the magnitude of the driving voltage Vs is an applied signal and is already known, Q can be obtained by measuring only the magnitude of the capacitor voltage Vc. If Q is low, there will be FO. If Q is high, there will be no FO.
- the driving frequency driving the transmission resonator 12 must match the resonance frequency of the transmission resonator 12. If there is no FO 3, the Q of the transmission resonator 12 is very high and is very large. Current will flow. Therefore, as shown in (a) of FIG. 1, the pulse width must be made small to reduce the energy supply, but no problem occurs. Another problem is that when the receiver is above the transmit antenna L 120, the energy is supplied to the receiver, so that Q is also lowered. Therefore, there is room for judging by the FO (3) even though it is not the FO (3).
- the present invention proposes a new method for solving this problem.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a FO circuit of a transmitter, a receiver, and a metal material according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of a resonance waveform in the circuit of FIG. 2.
- the transmission antenna L 120 when the switches M1 and M2 101 and 102 of the transmitter 1 are driven to transfer energy to the transmission resonator 12, the transmission antenna L 120 generates a magnetic field and is located near. The receiver 2 and the FO 3 will receive energy. At this time, the driving frequency may not be the same as the resonance frequency.
- the capacitor voltage Vc of the transmission resonator 12 becomes FIG. It begins to increase as shown. This increasing time is affected by the receiver 2 and the FO 3.
- the peak voltage of the capacitor voltage Vc increases exponentially, and after a predetermined time, it enters a steady-state and has a constant width. Until this time, the Q_DECT signal for detecting Q is in a high state.
- the Q_DECT signal for detecting Q goes low, and at this time, if the switch M1 (101) is turned off to stop the power supply and the switch M2 (102) is turned on to allow the resonance current to flow, the waveform of the capacitor voltage Vc is attenuated. Beginning, the amplitude becomes smaller.
- the Q_DECT signal is a control signal for Q-factor detection.
- the receive antenna Lrx 20 receives energy, so that the rectifier output voltage VRECT of the receiver 2 gradually increases.
- the rectifier 22 is driven at a constant amplitude. Since the rectifier itself is a peak detector, the maximum value of the received voltage is charged to the capacitor CRECT. Therefore, if the energy supply to the transmission resonator 12 is stopped at the time when the Q_DECT signal becomes low, the energy supplied to the receiver 2 becomes small, and thus it is not enough to charge the capacitor CRECT. Therefore, the energy radiated from the transmitter 1 does not affect the receiver 2.
- the FO (3) At this time, if the FO (3) is present, only the FO (3) receives the energy, the degree of attenuation of the resonance voltage is determined according to the presence or absence of the FO (3). Therefore, if the attenuation time of the resonant waveform is measured, the Q deformed by the FO 3 can be measured.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of a transmission resonator when energy supply to the transmission resonator is stopped according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 4 is an equivalent circuit of the transmission resonator 12 when the Q_DECT signal goes low and energy transmission is stopped. It can be assumed that the maximum voltage is precharged in the capacitor C 122, and the resonance will be maintained until the energy that the capacitor C 122 is charging is consumed.
- Equation 4 is converted from the frequency domain to the time domain.
- Equation 7 Using the arrangement of the above parameters to obtain the form that changes with the time of the capacitor voltage Vc is expressed by Equation 7.
- Equation 8 Equation 8
- Equation 8 V ENV is V (0) / N (V ENV When the time T 1 at which V (0) / N) is obtained, Q is expressed by Equation (9).
- Equation 9 a relation of time T 1 and Q independent of V (0) can be obtained.
- the value of V (0) will vary depending on the presence or absence of the receiver, and it is possible to measure the Q change caused by the FO with or without the receiver. As can be seen from Equation 9, the larger the Q, the longer the decay time.
- V ENV (T) after a predetermined time T may be considered.
- V ENV (T) after a predetermined time T can be expressed as Equation 10.
- Equation 10 Equation 11
- V ENV (T) is measured after a predetermined time T as in Equation 11, or V ENV (t) is N times lower than V (0) as in Equation 9. It means you can measure Q by measuring time.
- a component as illustrated in FIG. 5 is required.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an apparatus for detecting a Q-factor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the Q-factor detection device 14 includes an envelope detector 140, a sample & holder 142, and a Q-factor measurement block. 144.
- Q_DECT L
- HS L
- the envelope detector 140 is a circuit for detecting the envelope of the capacitor voltage Vc of the transmission resonator 12.
- the output of the envelope detector 140 becomes V ENV (t).
- the Q-factor measuring unit 144 measures Q using the V ENV (0) voltage and the V ENV (t) voltage which is attenuated. In this case, a method of measuring Q is described in Equations 9 and 11, respectively.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a transmitter circuit implementing the scheme of FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and measuring a time proportional to Q by measuring a V ENV (t) voltage decaying at a constant ratio. It is a figure which shows the transmitter circuit for description.
- the envelope detector 140 includes a diode D1 1400, a capacitor C1 1402, a resistor R1 1404, and a resistor R2 1406.
- Diode D1 1400 and capacitor C1 1402 perform an envelope detection function of the resonant capacitor voltage Vc.
- the sample and hold portion 142 includes a switch M3 1420 and a capacitor C3 1422.
- the switch M3 1420 and the capacitor C3 1422 serve as a sample & hold.
- the Q-factor measuring unit 144 includes a comparator 148 or an analog-to-digital converter (hereinafter, referred to as an A / D converter) 146.
- the comparator 148 compares the V ENV (0) voltage with the envelope output voltage V ENV (t) and outputs a VCOMP signal.
- the envelope output voltage V ENV (t) is the capacitor C3 a time (for example, that 1422 is lower than the stored V ENV (0) voltage to the example, V ENV a V ENV (0) / N the time T 1 which is ) Can be measured.
- the envelope output voltage V ENV (t) is quantized by the A / D converter 146 without using the analog type sample and hold unit 142 and the comparator 148, and then software, for example, through a program. You can also perform the same function. In this case, Q measurement is possible by the procedure as shown in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a method of measuring Q by software by measuring an envelope output voltage according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the power amplifier 10 is operated for a predetermined time (700).
- the power amplifier 10 operates during a period where the Q_DECT signal is in a high state. Subsequently, when the driving operation of the power amplifier 10 stops, that is, when the Q_DECT signal goes low, the resonance capacitor voltage V (0) is measured by the envelope detector 140 (702).
- the Q measuring method 1 the time T 1 at which the envelope output voltage V ENV (t) is 1 / N times V (0) is measured (704), and Q is measured according to Equation 9 (706).
- the envelope output voltage V ENV (T) is measured 708 after a predetermined time T, and the Q-factor is measured according to Equation 11 (710).
- the power amplifier does not drive at the same frequency as the resonator.
- the method of measuring the decay time of the resonant waveform it is possible to determine the presence or absence of the FO regardless of the presence of the receiver, and (3) exactly proportional to the Q by the FO regardless of the presence or absence of the receiver.
- Q can be measured by measuring the time.
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Claims (12)
- 무선 전력 송신기를 구성하는 전력 증폭기가 송신 공진기에 전력을 공급할 때 송신 공진기 내 공진 커패시터 전압 Vc의 포락선(envelope)을 검출하여 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(t)을 제공하는 포락선 검출기;전력 증폭기가 전력 공급을 정지할 때의 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(0)을 저장 및 유지하는 샘플 및 홀드부; 및무선 전력 송신기 주변의 외부물질 존재 여부 판단을 위해, 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(t)와 V ENV(0)을 이용하여 송신 공진기의 Q-팩터를 측정하는 Q-팩터 측정부;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 Q-팩터 검출 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 샘플 및 홀드부는Q-팩터 검출을 위한 Q_DECT 신호를 제어신호로 입력받고,Q_DECT 신호가 low 상태가 될 때의 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(0)를 저장 및 유지하는 것을 특징으로 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 Q-팩터 검출 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 포락선 검출기는공진 커패시터 전압 Vc의 포락선을 검출하기 위해 다이오드 D1 및 커패시터 C1를 포함하는 회로; 및저항 R1 및 R2의 비율에 따라 포락선 검출기의 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(0)을 조절하는 저항 회로;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 Q-팩터 검출 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 Q-팩터 측정부는포락선 검출기의 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(t)와 샘플 및 홀드부의 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(0)을 비교하여 비교전압 VCOMP를 출력하는 비교기를 통해 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(t)이 V ENV(0) 전압보다 낮아지는 시간을 측정하는 것을 특징으로 하는 Q-팩터 검출 장치.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 상기 Q-팩터 측정부는포락선 출력전압 V ENV(t)가 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(0)의 1/N배 되는 시간 T 1을 계산하는 것을 특징으로 하는 Q-팩터 검출 장치.
- 무선 전력 송신기를 구성하는 전력 증폭기가 송신 공진기에 전력을 공급할 때 송신 공진기 내 공진 커패시터 전압 Vc의 포락선을 검출하여 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(t)을 제공하는 포락선 검출기;포락선 출력전압 V ENV(t)을 양자화하는 A/D 컨버터; 및무선 전력 송신기 주변의 외부물질 존재 여부 판단을 위해 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(t)을 이용하여 송신 공진기의 Q-팩터를 측정하는 Q-팩터 측정부;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 Q-팩터 검출 장치.
- 무선 전력 송신기를 구성하는 전력 증폭기를 통해 송신 공진기에 전력을 공급하고 포락선 검출기를 통해 송신 공진기 내 공진 커패시터 전압 Vc의 포락선을 검출하여 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(t)을 출력하는 단계;전력 증폭기가 전력 공급을 정지할 때의 공진 커패시터 전압 V(0)을 측정하는 단계;포락선 출력전압 V ENV(t)이 공진 커패시터 전압 V(0)의 1/N배 되는 시간 T 1을 계산하는 단계;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 Q-팩터 검출 방법.
- 무선 전력 송신기를 구성하는 전력 증폭기를 통해 송신 공진기에 전력을 공급하고 송신 공진기 내 공진 커패시터 전압 Vc의 포락선을 검출하여 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(t)을 출력하는 단계;전력 증폭기가 전력 공급을 정지할 때 공진 커패시터 전압 V(0)을 측정하는 단계; 및일정 시간 T 이후 포락선 출력전압 V ENV(T)를 측정하는 단계;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 Q-팩터 검출 방법.
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CN113472094A (zh) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-10-01 | 上海伏达半导体有限公司 | 无线充电发射装置、谐振电路、品质因数的检测方法及处理器 |
US11271393B1 (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-08 | Stmicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte Ltd | Advanced protection circuit for Q factor sensing pad |
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