WO2019169915A1 - 用于级联光放大器通信系统的osnr计算方法及装置 - Google Patents

用于级联光放大器通信系统的osnr计算方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2019169915A1
WO2019169915A1 PCT/CN2018/119049 CN2018119049W WO2019169915A1 WO 2019169915 A1 WO2019169915 A1 WO 2019169915A1 CN 2018119049 W CN2018119049 W CN 2018119049W WO 2019169915 A1 WO2019169915 A1 WO 2019169915A1
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osnr
optical amplifier
optical
stage
signal
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PCT/CN2018/119049
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English (en)
French (fr)
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雍博
梅亮
吴琼
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烽火通信科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019169915A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019169915A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
    • H04B10/07953—Monitoring or measuring OSNR, BER or Q
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
    • H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
    • H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
    • H04B10/0791—Fault location on the transmission path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/29—Repeaters
    • H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
    • H04B10/293—Signal power control
    • H04B10/2933—Signal power control considering the whole optical path
    • H04B10/2935—Signal power control considering the whole optical path with a cascade of amplifiers

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  • the present invention relates to the field of optical fiber communication technologies, and in particular to an OSNR (Optical Signal Noise Ratio) calculation method and apparatus for a cascaded optical amplifier communication system.
  • OSNR Optical Signal Noise Ratio
  • the optical communication backbone network transmission rate is increased to the Tbit/s level, and the channel spacing is gradually transitioning from 100 GHz to 50 GHz or even lower.
  • the complexity of the network is increasing, and in order to provide stable and reliable services, performance testing of signal transmission quality is particularly important. As one of the important parameters reflecting the performance of the optical layer and the quality of communication, OSNR needs to be accurately detected.
  • OSNR detection technology is to correctly measure the signal optical power and noise optical power, or to calculate according to other parameters that have an exact relationship with OSNR (such as SNR).
  • OSNR calculation methods include OSA (Optical Spectrum Analysis), out-of-band interpolation, polarization zeroing, and optical delay interferometry.
  • the OSA out-of-band interpolation method uses a narrow-band tunable optical filter to scan and obtain a spectrum to estimate OSNR, but due to the problem of OSA resolution bandwidth, if DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system is used. Filters, along with increasing channel counts and decreasing channel spacing, traditional OSA out-of-band interpolation methods have not been able to correctly estimate OSNR.
  • DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above background art, and to provide an OSNR calculation method and device for a cascading optical amplifier communication system, which can effectively solve the problem of insufficient measurement accuracy, instability, and high hardware cost in the traditional OSNR calculation method. A problem with high complexity.
  • the present invention provides an OSNR calculation method for a cascaded optical amplifier communication system, comprising the steps of: S1, calculating a gain factor of each stage optical amplifier, and attenuating each segment of the optical fiber to calculate optical amplifiers of the respective stages.
  • step S2 the following operations are further included: comparing the calculated signal optical power of each channel of each channel with the actually measured optical power, and if the difference between the two exceeds a specified threshold, determining A failure occurred in the link.
  • step S1 when the gain coefficients of the optical amplifiers of each stage and the attenuation of each segment of the optical fiber are used to calculate the net gain of each optical amplifier-fiber segment, the following formula is used:
  • ⁇ j represents the net gain of the j-th optical amplifier-fiber segment, j ⁇ [1, N]; N represents the total number of optical amplifiers, is a positive integer greater than 1; G j represents the gain of the j-th optical amplifier The coefficient, L j , represents the attenuation of the j-th segment fiber.
  • step S2 specifically includes the following operations:
  • i 0 represents the center frequency channel number and j represents the jth stage optical amplifier
  • i denotes the ith channel
  • i denotes the ith channel
  • GT j denotes the gain slope of the jth stage optical amplifier
  • B denotes the channel spacing.
  • step S3 specifically includes the following operations:
  • F j represents a noise figure of the j-th optical amplifier
  • N1 represents an N1th optical amplifier
  • N2 represents an N2th stage amplifier
  • step S4 according to the determined input OSNR, combined with the equivalent OSNR cost obtained by S3, when calculating the output OSNR, the following formula is used:
  • the OSNR in is the input OSNR
  • the OSNR link is the equivalent OSNR cost obtained by S3
  • the OSNR out is the output OSNR.
  • the optical amplifier is a doped fiber amplifier EDFA.
  • the cascode optical amplifier communication system comprises a laser light source, a light modulator and N cascaded optical amplifiers; the light modulator is connected to an output end of the laser light source for modulating the laser light source An emitted optical signal; the N cascaded optical amplifiers are connected by an optical fiber for transmitting optical signals, and the first stage optical amplifier is connected to an output of the optical modulator for modulating the output of the optical modulator The optical signal is amplified and output, and the Nth optical amplifier is connected to the output end of the optical fiber for amplifying and outputting the transmitted optical signal.
  • the present invention also provides an OSNR calculation apparatus for a cascaded optical amplifier communication system implementing the above method, the apparatus comprising a net gain calculation module, a signal optical power calculation module, an equivalent OSNR cost calculation module, and a target OSNR calculation module;
  • the net gain calculation module is configured to: calculate a net gain of each optical amplifier-fiber segment by using a gain coefficient of each optical amplifier and attenuation of each segment of the optical fiber;
  • the signal optical power calculation module is configured to: utilize the number of channels, the channel spacing, the signal optical power modulated by the center frequency channel, the gain slope of each level of the optical amplifier, and combine the optical amplifiers obtained by the net gain calculation module- The net gain of the fiber segment, calculating the signal light power of each stage of each channel;
  • the equivalent OSNR cost calculation module is configured to calculate an equivalent OSNR cost of the link according to the signal power of each stage of each channel obtained by the signal optical power calculation module according to the noise coefficient of each stage of the optical amplifier;
  • the target OSNR calculation module is configured to calculate an output OSNR according to the determined input OSNR and the equivalent OSNR cost obtained by the equivalent OSNR cost calculation module.
  • the device further includes a fault detecting module, configured to: use the signal optical power calculation module to calculate the signal optical power of each channel of each channel and the actually measured optical power. In contrast, if the difference between the two exceeds the specified threshold, it is determined that there is a failure in the link.
  • the present invention is based on EDFA link analysis, and calculates OSNR by the noise characteristics of the optical amplifier and the amplified operating conditions, and finds that the OSNR cost in the link is only related to the characteristics of the optical amplifier and the optical fiber, and other devices on the transceiver end and The structure is not required and can be calculated independently. Therefore, the present invention calculates the output OSNR of the entire link step by step using only the number of channels, the channel spacing, the modulated signal optical power, the gain factor of the optical amplifier, the gain slope, and the noise figure. Compared with the prior art, the measurement precision is high, the stability is good, the hardware cost is low, the complexity is low, and the design of the future optical transmission system has certain significance.
  • the present invention can compare the calculated Pin_e (i, j) with the actually measured optical power Pin (i, j) . If the difference between Pin_e (i, j) and Pin (i, j) is too large, it indicates that a fault has occurred in the link. Through the above operations, it is possible to quickly detect whether there is a fault in the link, and meet the actual use requirements.
  • the present invention can be applied to various high-speed and flexible optical fiber communication systems, and has a wide range of use, and can meet the needs of various use environments.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a typical cascode optical amplifier communication system
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an OSNR calculation method for a cascaded optical amplifier communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of an OSNR calculation apparatus for a cascaded optical amplifier communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing another structure of an OSNR calculation apparatus for a cascaded optical amplifier communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the gain and fiber link loss of each stage of the optical amplifier in the simulation example
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of signal light power of each stage channel entering each stage of EDFA in a simulation example
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a reciprocal k of the OSNR cost of EDFAs at different channel levels in a simulation example
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the calculated OSNR in the simulation example.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the difference between the calculated OSNR and the simulated measurement OSNR in the simulation example.
  • the design idea of the present invention is to provide an OSNR calculation scheme for a cascaded optical amplifier communication system.
  • the cascading optical amplifier communication system as shown in FIG. 1, includes a laser light source, a light modulator, and N cascaded optical amplifiers, and N is a positive integer greater than one.
  • the light modulator is connected to the output end of the laser light source for modulating the optical signal emitted by the laser light source;
  • the N cascaded optical amplifiers are connected by an optical fiber for transmitting the optical signal, and the first stage optical amplifier is connected to The output end of the optical modulator is used for amplifying and outputting the modulated optical signal outputted by the optical modulator, and the Nth optical amplifier is connected to the output end of the optical fiber for amplifying and outputting the transmitted optical signal.
  • the OSNR performance degradation is mainly caused by the ASE noise accumulated by each level of EDFA. caused.
  • the attenuation of the signal optical power is compensated by the optical amplifier, but the noise is also compensated.
  • each optical amplifier introduces new ASE noise, resulting in a continuous decrease in OSNR. Therefore, the OSNR can be obtained directly by calculating the ratio of the output signal optical power of each stage of the optical amplifier to the generated ASE noise power.
  • the output signal optical power is calculated by the input signal optical power and the optical amplifier gain and the link loss; and the ASE noise power can be recalculated and accumulated step by step along the transmission link.
  • the present invention provides an OSNR calculation scheme for a cascaded optical amplifier communication system, which utilizes only the number of channels, the channel spacing, the total power of the modulated signal light, the gain coefficient of the optical amplifier, the gain slope, and the noise figure.
  • the link loss, the number of optical amplifiers, etc. can calculate the OSNR of the output, and can detect whether there is a fault in the link, and the complexity is low, and the application is convenient, and is suitable for a high-speed and flexible optical fiber communication system.
  • the embodiment provides an OSNR calculation method for a cascaded optical amplifier communication system, the method comprising the following steps:
  • Step S1 Calculating the net gain of the optical amplifier-fiber segment of each stage by using the gain coefficient of each optical amplifier and the attenuation of each segment of the optical fiber.
  • the optical amplifier is a doped fiber amplifier EDFA.
  • Step S2 using the number of channels, the channel spacing, the signal optical power modulated by the center frequency channel, the gain slope of each optical amplifier, and the net gain of each optical amplifier-fiber segment obtained by S1, each channel of each channel is calculated. Signal light power.
  • Step S3 Calculate the equivalent OSNR cost of the link according to the noise figure of each stage of the optical amplifier and the signal optical power of each stage of each channel obtained by S2.
  • Step S4 Calculate the OSNR of the output according to the determined input OSNR and the equivalent OSNR cost obtained by S3, that is, finally obtain the OSNR of the target.
  • An OSNR calculation method for a cascaded optical amplifier communication system has the same basic steps as the first embodiment. The difference is that in step S1 of the method, the gain coefficients of the optical amplifiers of the respective stages are utilized. Each segment of the fiber is attenuated. When calculating the net gain of each stage of the optical amplifier-fiber segment, the following formula is used:
  • ⁇ j represents the net gain of the j-th optical amplifier-fiber segment
  • j ⁇ [1, N]
  • N is the total number of optical amplifiers
  • G j represents the gain coefficient of the j-th optical amplifier
  • L j represents the jth Segment fiber attenuation.
  • step S2 of the method specifically includes the following operations:
  • i 0 represents the center frequency channel number and j represents the jth stage optical amplifier
  • i denotes the ith channel
  • i denotes the ith channel
  • GT j denotes the gain slope of the jth stage optical amplifier
  • B denotes the channel spacing.
  • the calculated Pin_e (i, j) and the actually measured optical power Pin (i, j) In contrast, if the difference between Pin_e (i, j) and Pin (i, j) exceeds a specified threshold (the specified threshold can be manually set through the upper management interface or software), it indicates that a fault has occurred in the link; if the two are basically the same.
  • the OSNR can be continuously calculated by step S3. It can be seen that, through the above operation, it is possible to detect whether there is a fault in the link, which can meet the actual use requirement.
  • step S3 of the method specifically includes the following operations:
  • F j represents a noise figure of the j-th optical amplifier
  • the OSNR link is the equivalent OSNR cost of the link .
  • the calculation formula is:
  • N1 represents an N1th optical amplifier
  • N2 represents an N2th stage amplifier
  • An OSNR calculation method for a cascading optical amplifier communication system provided by this embodiment has the same basic steps as the first embodiment, except that in step S4 of the method, according to the determined input end OSNR, combined with S3
  • the resulting equivalent OSNR cost, when calculating the OSNR at the output, is calculated using the following formula:
  • the OSNR in is the input OSNR
  • the OSNR link is the equivalent OSNR cost obtained by S3
  • the OSNR out is the output OSNR.
  • the OSNR calculation method for the cascading optical amplifier communication system has the same basic steps as the first embodiment, except that the method also combines all the features of the second embodiment to the fifth embodiment. Specifically, the method includes the following steps:
  • OSNR OSNR in (usually defaulting to infinity after the optical modulator)
  • OSNR link obtained by S3 the output OSNR, ie, OSNR out , is calculated according to formula (6), and the final target is obtained.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides an OSNR calculation apparatus for a cascade optical amplifier communication system that implements the above method.
  • the device comprises a net gain calculation module, a signal optical power calculation module, an equivalent OSNR cost calculation module and a target OSNR calculation module; wherein:
  • the net gain calculation module is configured to: calculate the net gain of the optical amplifier-fiber segment of each stage by using the gain coefficient of each optical amplifier and the attenuation of each segment of the optical fiber;
  • the signal optical power calculation module is configured to: utilize the number of channels, the channel spacing, the signal optical power modulated by the center frequency channel, the gain slope of each optical amplifier, and combine the optical amplifier-fiber segments obtained by the net gain calculation module. Net gain, calculating the signal light power per stage of each channel;
  • the equivalent OSNR cost calculation module is configured to calculate an equivalent OSNR cost of the link according to the noise coefficient of each stage of the optical amplifier, combined with the signal optical power of each channel of each channel obtained by the signal optical power calculation module;
  • the target OSNR calculation module is configured to calculate the output OSNR according to the determined input OSNR and the equivalent OSNR cost obtained by the equivalent OSNR cost calculation module.
  • the basic structure of the OSNR computing device for the cascading optical amplifier communication system provided by this embodiment is the same as that of the seventh embodiment, except that, as shown in FIG. 4, the device further includes a fault detecting module.
  • the fault detecting module is configured to: compare the signal optical power of each channel of each channel calculated by the signal optical power calculation module with the actually measured optical power, and if the difference between the two exceeds a specified threshold, determine that the link appears malfunction.
  • the present invention is based on EDFA link analysis, and calculates OSNR by the noise characteristics of the optical amplifier and the amplified operating conditions, and does not require other devices and structures at the transceiver end.
  • the measurement range can reach more than 20dB, the precision can be up to 1dB, the system stability is good, the calculation complexity is low, and it has certain significance for the design of the future optical transmission system.
  • the specific flow of the method and the final optical signal-to-noise ratio calculation effect are illustrated by performing OSNR calculation on a DWDM optical fiber communication system with 8 spans, each span length of 100 km, and a rate of 9*10 Gbps.
  • the entire coherent optical transmission system is built in VPI (the optical fiber system simulation software introduced by VPIphotonics).
  • the power of the optical signal modulation is -18dBm.
  • the gain of each optical amplifier and the fiber link loss are shown in Figure 5: OA is shown in the figure.
  • Optical amplifier, the noise figure is 6dB, the first two digits of the lower four digits represent the gain coefficient, from the first to the tenth order are 18dB, 25dB, 25dB, 25dB, 14dB, 18dB, 25dB, 25dB, 25dB, 25dB, 25dB;
  • the value below the link is the loss value of the fiber link, which is 25dB in the simulation.
  • the loss of the ROAD M (Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer) is 7dB.
  • the gain slope is typically -1dB/THz, but the pre-emphasis on the two 1821 optical amplifiers is 3dB, that is, 1529.16nm is 3dB higher than the 1560.20nm single-wave power, and the short-wave to long-wave power is decremented by 3/79dB.
  • the specific processing method is as follows:
  • step S1 the net gain ⁇ j of each stage is easily obtained by the formula (1).
  • ⁇ 5 7 dB.
  • step S2 calculate the signal optical power of the central frequency channel in each level of the optical amplifier by using the net gain, and then use the gain slope value and the pre-emphasis parameter to calculate the signal optical power Pin_e (i, of each channel level ). j) .
  • Pin_e (i, j) is the same as Pin (i, j) , as shown in Figure 6.
  • f is the channel frequency in THz
  • Pin is the power entering the EDFA in dBm.
  • step S3 first calculate the OSNR cost of each EDFA, that is, the influence of the noise characteristic of each EDFA on the os channel OSNR, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • k reflects the OSNR cost of each EDFA
  • OSNR EDFAi 1/k i . Accumulate them to get the link OSNR cost, ie
  • step S4 the OSNR in and the OSNR link are respectively inversely added to obtain the reciprocal of the OSNR out , thereby obtaining the OSNR of the target output, as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the OSNR unit is dB.
  • the calculation result of this method is compared with the simulation measurement result, and the difference ⁇ OSNR is shown in Fig. 8.
  • the ⁇ OSNR unit is dB.
  • the above process is carried out one by one to obtain the OSNR of each channel at the output.
  • the simulation results show that the OSNR calculated by this method and the OSNR error measured by the simulation are both within 1dB. Therefore, the optical signal-to-noise ratio calculation error obtained by the method is small, and can meet the requirements in actual use.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法及装置，涉及光纤通信技术领域。该方法包括：利用各级光放大器的增益系数、各段光纤衰减，计算各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益；利用信道数目、信道间隔、中心频率信道调制后的信号光功率、各级光放大器的增益斜率，并结合净增益计算各信道各级的信号光功率；根据每级光放大器噪声系数，结合信号光功率计算链路的等效OSNR代价；根据输入端OSNR，结合等效OSNR代价，计算输出端OSNR。该装置包括净增益计算模块、信号光功率计算模块、等效OSNR代价计算模块和目标OSNR计算模块。本发明能有效解决传统OSNR计算方法中测量精度不够、不稳定、硬件成本高昂和复杂度高的问题。

Description

用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及光纤通信技术领域，具体来讲是一种用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR(Optical Signal Noise Ratio，光信噪比)计算方法及装置。
背景技术
随着新型互联网业务的高速发展，用户数量和数据量迅速增长，对网络容量带宽的需求也日益提升。光通信骨干网传输速率提升至Tbit/s量级，通道间隔也逐渐从100GHz过渡到50GHz甚至更低。网络的复杂度不断增加，为了提供稳定可靠的服务，对信号传输质量的性能检测就尤为重要。OSNR作为反映光层性能和通信质量的重要参数之一，需要准确地对其进行检测。
OSNR检测技术的关键是正确测量信号光功率和噪声光功率，或者根据其他与OSNR有着确切关系(如电信噪比SNR)的参量来进行计算。传统的OSNR计算方法主要有OSA(Optical Spectrum Analysis，光谱分析)带外插值法、偏振归零法和光延迟干涉法等。
其中，OSA带外插值法是利用窄带可调光滤波器来扫描获得光谱来估算OSNR的，但是由于OSA分辨带宽的问题，如果DWDM(Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing，密集型光波复用)系统中使用了滤波器，伴随着不断增加的信道数和不断减小的信道间隔，传统的OSA带外插值法已经不能正确估算OSNR了。而对于偏振归零法，当信号去偏振(PMD-Polarization Mode Dispersion，偏振模色散 或非线性双折射引起)或ASE(Amplified spontaneous emission，放大自发辐射)噪声产生部分偏振(PDL-Polarization Dependent Loss，偏振相关损耗和PDG-Polarization Dependent Gain偏振相关增益引起)时，测量的精度会受到极大的影响。而对于光延迟干涉法，则需要引入延迟线装置，使得硬件成本高昂，且会随环境变化出现定不稳定的现象，不易于观察与操作。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述背景技术的不足，提供一种用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法及装置，能有效解决传统OSNR计算方法中测量精度不够、不稳定、硬件成本高昂和复杂度高的问题。
为达到以上目的，本发明提供一种用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，包括以下步骤：S1、利用各级光放大器的增益系数、各段光纤衰减，计算各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益；S2、利用信道数目、信道间隔、中心频率信道调制后的信号光功率、各级光放大器的增益斜率，并结合S1所得的各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益，计算每个信道每级的信号光功率；S3、根据每级光放大器噪声系数，结合S2所得的每个信道每级的信号光功率，计算链路的等效OSNR代价；S4、根据确定的输入端OSNR，结合S3所得的等效OSNR代价，计算输出端OSNR。
在上述技术方案的基础上，在步骤S2之后，还包括以下操作：将计算得到的每个信道每级的信号光功率与实际测得的光功率对比，若两者差距超过指定阈值，则判定链路中出现故障。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S1中，利用各级光放大器的增益系数、各段光纤衰减，计算各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益时，采 用以下公式计算：
Δ j＝G j*L j
其中，Δ j表示第j级光放大器-光纤段的净增益，j∈[1,N]；N表示光放大器总级数，为大于1的正整数；G j表示第j级光放大器的增益系数，L j表示第j段光纤衰减。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S2具体包括以下操作：
1)确定光放大器的中心频率，利用该中心频率信道调制后的信号光功率
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000001
并结合S1中计算出的各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益Δ j，逐级算出中心频率信道在各级光放大器的信号光功率
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000002
其计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000003
其中，i 0表示中心频率信道号，j表示第j级光放大器；
2)确定信道数目Ch，利用计算出的中心频率信道在各级光放大器的信号光功率
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000004
信道间隔以及各级光放大器的增益斜率，计算出每个信道每级的信号光功率Pin_e (i，j)，其计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000005
其中，i表示第i信道，i∈[1，Ch]；GT j表示第j级光放大器的增益斜率；B表示信道间隔。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S3具体包括以下操作：
1)根据每级光放大器噪声系数，结合S2所得的每个信道每级的信号光功率Pin_e (i，j)计算出k (i，j)，所述k (i，j)为第j级光放大器的噪声特性对第i信道OSNR的影响，其计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000006
其中，F j表示第j级光放大器噪声系数；
2)累积各级光放大器的k (i，j)后取倒数，计算出整个链路的等效OSNR代价OSNR link，其计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000007
其中，N1表示第N1级光放大器、N2表示第N2级放大器；当计算从第1级到第j级的累积光放大器的k (i，j)，则N1＝1，N2＝j，以此类推。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤S4中，根据确定的输入端OSNR，结合S3所得的等效OSNR代价，计算输出端OSNR时，采用以下公式计算：
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000008
其中，OSNR in为输入端OSNR，OSNR link为S3所得的等效OSNR代价，OSNR out为输出端OSNR。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述光放大器为掺饵光纤放大器EDFA。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述级联光放大器通信系统包括激光光源、光调制器以及N个级联的光放大器；所述光调制器连接至激光光源的输出端，用于调制激光光源发出的光信号；所述N个级联的光放大器之间通过用于传输光信号的光纤连接，且第一级光放大器连接至光调制器的输出端，用于将光调制器输出的调制光信号进行放大后输出，第N级光放大器连接至光纤的输出端，用于将传输后的光信号放大后输出。
本发明还提供一种实现上述方法的用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算装置，该装置包括净增益计算模块、信号光功率计算模块、等效OSNR代价计算模块和目标OSNR计算模块；
所述净增益计算模块用于：利用各级光放大器的增益系数、各段 光纤衰减，计算各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益；
所述信号光功率计算模块用于：利用信道数目、信道间隔、中心频率信道调制后的信号光功率、各级光放大器的增益斜率，并结合所述净增益计算模块所得的各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益，计算每个信道每级的信号光功率；
所述等效OSNR代价计算模块用于：根据每级光放大器噪声系数，结合所述信号光功率计算模块所得的每个信道每级的信号光功率，计算链路的等效OSNR代价；
所述目标OSNR计算模块用于：根据确定的输入端OSNR，结合所述等效OSNR代价计算模块所得的等效OSNR代价，计算输出端OSNR。
在上述技术方案的基础上，该装置还包括故障检测模块，该故障检测模块用于：将所述信号光功率计算模块计算得到的每个信道每级的信号光功率与实际测得的光功率对比，若两者差距超过指定阈值，则判定链路中出现故障。
本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)本发明基于EDFA链路分析，通过光放大器的噪声特性和放大的工作条件来计算OSNR，发现链路中的OSNR代价仅与光放大器和光纤的特性相关，而对收发端的其他器件及结构没有要求，可以独立计算。因此，本发明仅利用信道数目，信道间隔，调制后的信号光功率，光放大器的增益系数、增益斜率和噪声系数等参数，来计算逐步计算出整个链路的输出OSNR。与现有技术相比，测量精度高、稳定性好、硬件成本低、复杂度低，且对未来的光传输系统的设计有一定意义。
(2)本发明在计算得到每个信道每级的信号光功率Pin_e (i，j)后， 可将计算得到的Pin_e (i，j)与实际测得的光功率Pin (i，j)对比，若Pin_e (i，j)与Pin (i，j)差距过大，则表明链路中出现了故障。通过上述操作，可实现对链路中是否存在故障做出快速检测，满足了实际使用需求。
(3)本发明可适用于各种高速、灵活的光纤通信系统，使用范围广，能满足各种使用环境的需求。
附图说明
图1为一种典型的级联光放大器通信系统的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法的流程图；
图3为本发明实施例中用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算装置的结构框图；
图4为本发明实施例中用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算装置的另一结构框图；
图5为仿真实例中每级光放大器增益和光纤链路损耗的示意图；
图6为仿真实例中各级信道进入各级EDFA的信号光功率的示意图；
图7为仿真实例中不同信道各级EDFA的OSNR代价的倒数k的示意图；
图8为仿真实例中计算所得OSNR的示意图；
图9为仿真实例中计算所得OSNR与仿真测量OSNR的差值示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
本发明的设计思路是提供一种用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方案。其中，所述级联光放大器通信系统如图1所示，包括激光光源、光调制器以及N个级联的光放大器，N为大于1的正整数。其中，光调制器连接至激光光源的输出端，用于调制激光光源发出的光信号；N个级联的光放大器之间通过用于传输光信号的光纤连接，且第一级光放大器连接至光调制器的输出端，用于将光调制器输出的调制光信号进行放大后输出，第N级光放大器连接至光纤的输出端，用于将传输后的光信号放大后输出。
可以理解的是，在级联光放大器通信系统中，例如级联EDFA(Erbium-doped Optical Fiber Amplifier，掺铒光纤放大器)的DWDM系统中，OSNR性能的下降主要是由各级EDFA积累的ASE噪声引起的。链路传输中，信号光功率的衰减会通过光放大器补偿，但噪声也同样得到补偿。随着光放大器的级数不断增加，每个光放大器又会引入新的ASE噪声，从而导致OSNR不断下降。因此，OSNR可以直接通过计算每级光放大器的输出信号光功率与产生的ASE噪声功率之比获得。其中，输出信号光功率是通过输入信号光功率和光放大器增益、链路损耗计算的；而ASE噪声功率则可以沿着传输链路逐级递推积累算出。
基于上述设计思路，本发明提供一种用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方案，仅利用信道数目，信道间隔，调制后的信号光总功率，光放大器的增益系数、增益斜率和噪声系数，链路损耗，以及光放大器数目等，可以计算输出的OSNR，并能检测链路中是否出现故障，且复杂度低，应用方便，适用于高速、灵活的光纤通信系统。
为了更好的理解上述技术方案，下面将结合说明书附图以及具体的实施例对上述技术方案进行详细的说明。
实施例一
参见图2所示，本实施例提供了一种用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S1、利用各级光放大器的增益系数、各段光纤衰减，计算各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益。在具体实施过程中，所述光放大器为掺饵光纤放大器EDFA。
步骤S2、利用信道数目、信道间隔、中心频率信道调制后的信号光功率、各级光放大器的增益斜率，并结合S1所得的各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益，计算每个信道每级的信号光功率。
步骤S3、根据每级光放大器噪声系数，结合S2所得的每个信道每级的信号光功率，计算链路的等效OSNR代价。
步骤S4、根据确定的输入端OSNR，结合S3所得的等效OSNR代价，计算输出端OSNR，即最终得到目标的OSNR。
实施例二
本实施例提供的一种用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，其基本步骤与实施例一相同，不同之处在于：该方法的步骤S1中，利用各级光放大器的增益系数、各段光纤衰减，计算各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益时，采用以下公式计算：
Δ j＝G j*L j    (1)
其中，Δ j表示第j级光放大器-光纤段的净增益，j∈[1,N]，N为光放大器总级数；G j表示第j级光放大器的增益系数，L j表示第j段光纤衰减。
实施例三
本实施例提供的一种用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，其基本步骤与实施例一相同，不同之处在于：该方法的步骤 S2具体包括以下操作：
1)确定光放大器的中心频率，利用该中心频率信道调制后的信号光功率
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000009
并结合S1中计算出的各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益Δ j逐级算出中心频率信道在各级光放大器的信号光功率
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000010
其计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000011
其中，i 0表示中心频率信道号，j表示第j级光放大器；
2)确定信道数目Ch，利用计算出的中心频率信道在各级光放大器的信号光功率
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000012
信道间隔以及各级光放大器的增益斜率，计算出每个信道每级的信号光功率Pin_e (i，j)，其计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000013
其中，i表示第i信道，i∈[1，Ch]；GT j表示第j级光放大器的增益斜率；B表示信道间隔。
在具体实施过程中，在计算得到每个信道每级的信号光功率Pin_e (i，j)后，可将计算得到的Pin_e (i，j)与实际测得的光功率Pin (i，j)对比，若Pin_e (i，j)与Pin (i，j)差距超过指定阈值(该指定阈值可以通过上层管理界面或软件进行人为设置)，则表明链路中出现了故障；若两者基本一致，则可以通过步骤S3继续计算OSNR。由此可知，通过上述操作，可实现对链路中是否存在故障做出检测，可满足实际使用需求。
实施例四
本实施例提供的一种用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，其基本步骤与实施例一相同，不同之处在于：该方法的步骤S3具体包括以下操作：
1)根据每级光放大器噪声系数，结合S2所得的每个信道每级的 信号光功率Pin_e (i，j)计算出k (i，j)，该k (i，j)反映了第j级光放大器的噪声特性对第i信道OSNR的影响，其计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000014
其中，F j表示第j级光放大器噪声系数；
2)累积各级光放大器的k (i，j)后取倒数，计算出整个链路对OSNR的影响OSNR link，即链路的等效OSNR代价OSNR link，其计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000015
其中，N1表示第N1级光放大器、N2表示第N2级放大器；当计算从第1级到第j级的累积光放大器的k (i，j)，则N1＝1，N2＝j，以此类推。
实施例五
本实施例提供的一种用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，其基本步骤与实施例一相同，不同之处在于：该方法的步骤S4中，根据确定的输入端OSNR，结合S3所得的等效OSNR代价，计算输出端OSNR时，采用以下公式计算：
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000016
其中，OSNR in为输入端OSNR，OSNR link为S3所得的等效OSNR代价，OSNR out为输出端OSNR。
实施例六
本实施例提供的一种用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，其基本步骤与实施例一相同，不同之处在于：该方法还结合了实施例二至实施例五的所有特征。具体来说，该方法包括以下步骤：
S1、确定各级光放大器的增益系数G j和各段光纤衰减L j，根据公 式(1)计算各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益Δ j。
S2、确定光放大器的中心频率，利用该中心频率信道调制后的信号光功率
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000017
及S1中计算出的各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益Δ j，根据公式(2)逐级算出中心频率信道在各级光放大器的信号光功率
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000018
确定信道数目Ch，利用计算出的中心频率信道在各级光放大器的信号光功率
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000019
信道间隔B以及各级光放大器的增益斜率GT j，根据公式(3)计算出每个信道每级的信号光功率Pin_e (i，j)。与此同时，还能将计算出的Pin_e (i，j)与实际测得的光功率Pin (i，j)对比，可知链路中是否存在故障。
S3、确定每级光放大器噪声系数F j，结合S2所得的Pin (i，j)，根据公式(4)算出k (i，j)，它反映了第j级EDFA的噪声特性对第i信道OSNR的影响；再根据公式(5)，累积各级光放大器的k (i，j)后取倒数，计算出整个链路的等效OSNR代价OSNR link。
S4、根据确定的输入端OSNR，即OSNR in(通常在光调制器之后默认为无穷大)，结合S3所得的OSNR link，根据公式(6)计算出输出端OSNR，即OSNR out，得到最终的目标OSNR。
实施例七
基于同一发明构思，参见图3所示，本发明实施例还提供了一种实现上述方法的用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算装置。该装置包括净增益计算模块、信号光功率计算模块、等效OSNR代价计算模块和目标OSNR计算模块；其中：
净增益计算模块用于：利用各级光放大器的增益系数、各段光纤衰减，计算各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益；
信号光功率计算模块用于：利用信道数目、信道间隔、中心频率信道调制后的信号光功率、各级光放大器的增益斜率，并结合所述净 增益计算模块所得的各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益，计算每个信道每级的信号光功率；
等效OSNR代价计算模块用于：根据每级光放大器噪声系数，结合所述信号光功率计算模块所得的每个信道每级的信号光功率，计算链路的等效OSNR代价；
目标OSNR计算模块用于：根据确定的输入端OSNR，结合所述等效OSNR代价计算模块所得的等效OSNR代价，计算输出端OSNR。
实施例八
本实施例提供的用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算装置，其基本结构与实施例七相同，不同之处在于：参见图4所示，该装置还包括故障检测模块。该故障检测模块用于：将所述信号光功率计算模块计算得到的每个信道每级的信号光功率与实际测得的光功率对比，若两者差距超过指定阈值，则判定链路中出现故障。
本发明基于EDFA链路分析，通过光放大器的噪声特性和放大的工作条件来计算OSNR，对收发端的其他器件及结构没有要求。与现有技术相比，测量范围可达到20dB以上，精度可达1dB以内，系统稳定性好，计算复杂度低，且对未来的光传输系统的设计有一定意义。
为了进一步验证本发明所能达到的技术效果，以下结合附图及仿真实例，对依据本发明提出的用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方案的技术效果进行详细说明。
该仿真实例中，通过对传输8个跨段，每个跨段长度100km，速率为9*10Gbps的DWDM光纤通信系统进行OSNR计算来说明本方法的具体流程以及最终的光信噪比计算效果。
整个相干光传输系统在VPI(VPIphotonics公司推出的光纤系统仿真软件)中搭建，光信号调制后的功率为-18dBm，每级光放大器 增益和光纤链路损耗如图5所示：图中OA表示光放大器，噪声系数均为6dB，下方四位数的前两位表示增益系数，从第一到第十级依次为18dB，25dB，25dB，25dB，14dB，18dB，25dB，25dB，25dB，25dB；链路下方数值为光纤链路的损耗值，仿真中均取25dB，ROAD M(Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer，可重构光分插复用器)的损耗为7dB。增益斜率典型值为-1dB/THz，但在两个1821光放大器上预加重为3dB，即1529.16nm比1560.20nm单波功率高3dB，短波到长波功率依次递减3/79dB。
具体的处理方法如下：
1、根据步骤S1中的内容，通过公式(1)容易得到每级净增益Δ j，此系统中，Δ 1＝Δ 6＝-7dB，Δ 2＝Δ 3＝Δ 4＝Δ 7＝Δ 8＝Δ 9＝0，Δ 5＝7dB。
2、根据步骤S2中的内容，利用净增益计算中心频率信道在各级光放大器的信号光功率，再利用增益斜率值和预加重的参数，计算各信道各级的信号光功率Pin_e (i，j)。仿真中，由于不存在链路故障，Pin_e (i，j)与Pin (i，j)相同，如图6所示。其中，f表示信道频率，单位为THz；Pin表示进入EDFA的功率，单位为dBm。
3、根据步骤S3中的内容，先计算出每个EDFA的OSNR代价，即每个EDFA的噪声特性对第i信道OSNR的影响，如图7所示。其中，k反映每个EDFA的OSNR代价，OSNR EDFAi＝1/k i。将它们累积得到链路OSNR代价，即
Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-000020
4、根据步骤S4中的内容，将OSNR in和OSNR link分别取倒数相加，得到OSNR out的倒数，从而获得目标的输出端OSNR，如图8所示。其中，OSNR单位为dB。为了检验其准确性，将此方法计算结果与仿真测量结果对比，差值ΔOSNR如图8所示。ΔOSNR单位为dB。
对9个信道，10级光放大器的系统，带入上述过程逐个计算， 得到输出端每个信道的OSNR。仿真结果表明，用这种方法计算出的OSNR与仿真测得的OSNR误差均在1dB以内。因此，本方法所得到光信噪比计算误差较小，能够达到实际使用时的要求。
本发明不局限于上述实施方式，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围之内。本说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
    S1、利用各级光放大器的增益系数、各段光纤衰减，计算各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益；
    S2、利用信道数目、信道间隔、中心频率信道调制后的信号光功率、各级光放大器的增益斜率，并结合S1所得的各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益，计算每个信道每级的信号光功率；
    S3、根据每级光放大器噪声系数，结合S2所得的每个信道每级的信号光功率，计算链路的等效OSNR代价；
    S4、根据确定的输入端OSNR，结合S3所得的等效OSNR代价，计算输出端OSNR。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，其特征在于，在步骤S2之后，还包括以下操作：将计算得到的每个信道每级的信号光功率与实际测得的光功率对比，若两者差距超过指定阈值，则判定链路中出现故障。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，其特征在于：步骤S1中，利用各级光放大器的增益系数、各段光纤衰减，计算各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益时，采用以下公式计算：
    Δ j＝G j*L j
    其中，Δ j表示第j级光放大器-光纤段的净增益，j∈[1,N]；N表示光放大器总级数，为大于1的正整数；G j表示第j级光放大器的增益系数，L j表示第j段光纤衰减。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计 算方法，其特征在于，步骤S2具体包括以下操作：
    1)确定光放大器的中心频率，利用该中心频率信道调制后的信号光功率
    Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-100001
    并结合S1中计算出的各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益Δ j，逐级算出中心频率信道在各级光放大器的信号光功率
    Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-100002
    其计算公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-100003
    其中，i 0表示中心频率信道号，j表示第j级光放大器；
    2)确定信道数目Ch，利用计算出的中心频率信道在各级光放大器的信号光功率
    Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-100004
    信道间隔以及各级光放大器的增益斜率，计算出每个信道每级的信号光功率
    Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-100005
    其计算公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-100006
    其中，i表示第i信道，i∈[1，Ch]；GT j表示第j级光放大器的增益斜率；B表示信道间隔。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，其特征在于，步骤S3具体包括以下操作：
    1)根据每级光放大器噪声系数，结合S2所得的每个信道每级的信号光功率Pin_e (i，j)计算出k (i，j)，所述k (i，j)为第j级光放大器的噪声特性对第i信道OSNR的影响，其计算公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-100007
    其中，F j表示第j级光放大器噪声系数；
    2)累积各级光放大器的k (i，j)后取倒数，计算出整个链路的等效OSNR代价OSNR link，其计算公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-100008
    其中，N1表示第N1级光放大器、N2表示第N2级放大器；当 计算从第1级到第j级的累积光放大器的k (i，j)，则N1＝1，N2＝j，以此类推。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，其特征在于：步骤S4中，根据确定的输入端OSNR，结合S3所得的等效OSNR代价，计算输出端OSNR时，采用以下公式计算：
    Figure PCTCN2018119049-appb-100009
    其中，OSNR in为输入端OSNR，OSNR link为S3所得的等效OSNR代价，OSNR out为输出端OSNR。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，其特征在于：所述光放大器为掺饵光纤放大器EDFA。
  8. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算方法，其特征在于：所述级联光放大器通信系统包括激光光源、光调制器以及N个级联的光放大器；
    所述光调制器连接至激光光源的输出端，用于调制激光光源发出的光信号；所述N个级联的光放大器之间通过用于传输光信号的光纤连接，且第一级光放大器连接至光调制器的输出端，用于将光调制器输出的调制光信号进行放大后输出，第N级光放大器连接至光纤的输出端，用于将传输后的光信号放大后输出。
  9. 一种实现权利要求1所述方法的用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算装置，其特征在于：该装置包括净增益计算模块、信号光功率计算模块、等效OSNR代价计算模块和目标OSNR计算模块；
    所述净增益计算模块用于：利用各级光放大器的增益系数、各段 光纤衰减，计算各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益；
    所述信号光功率计算模块用于：利用信道数目、信道间隔、中心频率信道调制后的信号光功率、各级光放大器的增益斜率，并结合所述净增益计算模块所得的各级光放大器-光纤段的净增益，计算每个信道每级的信号光功率；
    所述等效OSNR代价计算模块用于：根据每级光放大器噪声系数，结合所述信号光功率计算模块所得的每个信道每级的信号光功率，计算链路的等效OSNR代价；
    所述目标OSNR计算模块用于：根据确定的输入端OSNR，结合所述等效OSNR代价计算模块所得的等效OSNR代价，计算输出端OSNR。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的用于级联光放大器通信系统的OSNR计算装置，其特征在于：该装置还包括故障检测模块，该故障检测模块用于：将所述信号光功率计算模块计算得到的每个信道每级的信号光功率与实际测得的光功率对比，若两者差距超过指定阈值，则判定链路中出现故障。
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