WO2019168513A1 - Mesure d'écoulement dans un écoulement à phases multiples - Google Patents

Mesure d'écoulement dans un écoulement à phases multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019168513A1
WO2019168513A1 PCT/US2018/020135 US2018020135W WO2019168513A1 WO 2019168513 A1 WO2019168513 A1 WO 2019168513A1 US 2018020135 W US2018020135 W US 2018020135W WO 2019168513 A1 WO2019168513 A1 WO 2019168513A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
flow
flow meter
control valve
measuring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/020135
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sebastien BOISVERT
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to PCT/US2018/020135 priority Critical patent/WO2019168513A1/fr
Publication of WO2019168513A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019168513A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/02—Arrangement of sensing elements
    • F01D17/08—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to condition of working-fluid, e.g. pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/18—Lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N7/00—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated
    • F16N7/38—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated with a separate pump; Central lubrication systems
    • F16N7/40—Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated with a separate pump; Central lubrication systems in a closed circulation system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
    • G01F15/005—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N2210/00—Applications
    • F16N2210/02—Turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N2270/00—Controlling
    • F16N2270/50—Condition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
    • G01F15/008—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus comprising lubricating means

Definitions

  • Disclosed embodiments are generally related to a method, apparatus and system for measuring a fluid in a multi-phase flow.
  • Gas turbine engines generate combustion products in combustors.
  • the combustion products are transmitted downstream in the gas turbine engine to rows of rotating turbine blades coupled to a turbine rotor. As the combustion products expand through the turbine section, the combustion products cause the blade assemblies and the turbine rotor to rotate.
  • the gas turbine engine may use a lubrication sub-system that provides oil to some rotating components of the gas turbine engine so it can operate without fail.
  • the lubrication sub-system interfaces with the gas turbine engine. Oil is used as a lubricant in order to take heat away from the rotating components and to reduce friction. Most significantly sized combustion engines require a lubrication system.
  • the oil used in the lubrication sub-system may be delivered to gas turbine bearing chambers. Some of the oil that enters into the gas turbine bearing chamber can escape through bearing chamber vents. Some of the oil exits through drains and returns to the lubrication sub-system. In some designs, the vented oil may be directed through a separator/mist eliminator, condense and may also return to the lubrication sub-system such that very little or no oil vapour actually escapes into the ambient. Knowing the amount of oil that exits through the vents and through the drain is difficult to determine and usually involves testing that can interrupt the operation of the gas turbine engine.
  • aspects of the present disclosure relate to measurement of a fluid in a multi-phase flow involving two or more phases.
  • a first aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for measuring a fluid in a flow line containing two or more phases.
  • the method involves operating a flow control valve located downstream of a flow meter on the flow line, which comprises: moving the flow control valve toward a closed position such that the fluid accumulates upstream of the flow meter, and modulating a position of the flow control valve until a level of the accumulated fluid upstream of the flow meter is stable.
  • the method then involves measuring flow of the fluid in the flow line by the flow meter while the level of the accumulated fluid upstream of the flow meter is stable.
  • a second aspect of the present invention is directed to an apparatus for measuring a fluid in a flow line containing two or more phases.
  • the apparatus comprises a flow meter for measuring flow of the fluid in the flow line, a flow control valve located downstream of the flow meter on the flow line, and control means for controlling a position of the flow control valve.
  • the control means is configured for moving the flow control valve toward a closed position such that the fluid accumulates upstream of the flow meter, and modulating a position of the flow control valve until a level of the accumulated fluid upstream of the flow meter is stable.
  • the flow meter is operable for measuring flow of the fluid in the flow line while the level of the accumulated fluid upstream of the flow meter is stable.
  • a third aspect of the present invention is directed to a system for measuring flow of a fluid.
  • the system comprises a chamber pressurized by a pressurizing medium.
  • a fluid feed line supplies a fluid to the chamber.
  • One or more vents are connected to the chamber for venting a first portion of the fluid from the chamber.
  • a drain line is connected to the chamber for draining a second portion of the fluid from the chamber.
  • the drain line contains a multi-phase flow comprising a first phase defined by the fluid and a second phase defined by the pressurizing medium.
  • the system comprises a first flow meter for measuring flow of the fluid at the fluid feed line and a second flow meter for measuring flow of the fluid in the drain line.
  • the system further comprises a flow control valve located downstream of the second flow meter on the drain line and control means for controlling a position of the flow control valve.
  • the control means is configured for moving the flow control valve toward a closed position such that the fluid accumulates upstream of the second flow meter, and for modulating a position of the flow control valve until a level of the accumulated fluid upstream of the second flow meter is stable.
  • the second flow meter is operable for measuring flow of the fluid in the drain line while the level of the accumulated fluid upstream of the second flow meter is stable.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram depicting a system for measuring fluid flow according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart depicting a method for measuring fluid flow according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • a method such as a“bucket test” has proven problematic in determining fluid in the system for systems that are pressurized.
  • the bucket test diverts the fluid, oil, into a volume associated with the lubrication system over a period of time and then measures the amount of oil. This can provide a measurement of the oil but interferes with the operation of the gas turbine engine.
  • Eising a flow meter within the lubrication system associated with the gas turbine engine can provide an indication of the amount of oil in the system; however this measurement may not be accurate. This is in part due to the two-phase nature of the fluid and air moving through the drain line. This creates a situation that is not ideal for accurate measurement by the flow meter. In general, flow meters provide better, i.e. more accurate results, when only a single-phase fluid moves past the flow meter.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable in a pressurized system where the motive force to the fluid may be provided by the process pressure upstream, whereby the fluid may progress downstream to a lower pressure zone without the extra energy required for pumping.
  • the motive force to the fluid may be provided by the process pressure upstream, whereby the fluid may progress downstream to a lower pressure zone without the extra energy required for pumping.
  • the embodiments disclosed herein may be directed to such an application.
  • the system 100 is part of a lubrication system of a gas turbine engine.
  • the system 100 includes a pressurized chamber 12, which, in this example, is a gas turbine bearing chamber.
  • a fluid feed line 8 delivers a fluid, which in this example is a lubricating fluid, to the gas turbine bearing chamber 12.
  • the fluid delivered to the gas turbine bearing chamber 12 is oil.
  • the fluid may include, for example, steam or water.
  • a pressurizing medium, such as pressurized air, may also be supplied the gas turbine bearing chamber 12 in order to seal the chamber 12.
  • the chamber 12 may be provided with one or more vents 11 for venting a portion of the fluid and air from the chamber 12.
  • a drain line 14 may be connected to the chamber 12 for draining the remaining portion of the fluid and air from the chamber 12.
  • the drain line therefore contains a multi-phase flow (in this case, a two-phase flow) comprising a first phase defined by the fluid and a second phase defined by the pressurizing medium, i.e., air.
  • Embodiments of the present invention enable an accurate determination of the amount of fluid that is drained, which, in turn, facilitates determination of the amount of fluid that is vented during the operation of the gas turbine engine. By being able to accurately determine the amount of fluid drained and vented, an overall oil distribution in the system may be obtained, which can lead, for example, to improved pressure loss predictions for the gas turbine engine installation.
  • a first flow meter 10 is located upstream of the gas turbine bearing chamber 12 on the fluid feed line 8.
  • the flow meter 10 measures the flow of fluid that passes through the fluid feed line 8.
  • the measured inlet fluid flow by the flow meter 10 may used eventually to ascertain how much fluid is vented through the vents 11 versus that which is passed through the drain line 14.
  • the fluid leaves the gas turbine bearing chamber 12 through the drain line 14 and vents 11.
  • movement of the fluid through the drain line 14 is driven by a difference in process pressure as the fluid moves downstream from the pressurized chamber 12 toward a lower pressure zone.
  • the amount of fluid in the drain line 14 may be measured by a second flow meter 28 located downstream of the chamber 12 on the drain line 14.
  • the flow meter 28, may include, for example, a Coriolis type of flow meter, among other types.
  • At least a portion of the drain line 14 upstream of the flow meter 28 may be oriented vertical or sloping (i.e. not completely horizontal).
  • the flow through the drain line 14 includes a mixture of the fluid (in this example, oil) and the pressurizing medium (in this example, air), which may lead of inaccuracies in the measurement of the fluid in the drain line 14 by the flow meter 28.
  • the inventor has devised a method and apparatus to locally transition the multi-phase flow in the flow line 14, comprising the fluid and the pressurizing medium, into an essentially single-phase flow containing the fluid only, to facilitate accurate measurement of the fluid in the flow line 14 by the flow meter 28.
  • the above is achieved by measuring the flow of the fluid in the flow line 14 by the flow meter 28 after ensuring a steady level of accumulated fluid upstream of the flow meter 28.
  • the measurement of the fluid in the flow line 14 by the second flow meter 28 may be subtracted from the value obtained from the measurement of the fluid flow by the first flow meter 10 located upstream of the chamber 12, to determine an amount of fluid exiting the chamber 12 through the vents 11.
  • a flow control valve 32 is located downstream of the flow meter 28 on the flow line 14, which forms the drain line of the example system 100.
  • the flow control valve 32 may include, for example and without limitation, a profiled ball valve, among other types, which is operable to adjust the flow in the flow line 14.
  • the position of the flow control valve 32 may be controlled so as to effect an accumulation of the fluid upstream of the flow meter 28.
  • the flow control valve 32 may be provided with control means 50, such as a programmable logic controller, for controlling a position of the flow control valve 32 to thereby adjust a cross-sectional area of the flow through the flow control valve 32.
  • a relief valve 34 may be connected to the flow control valve 32.
  • the relief valve 34 may operate as a safety mechanism for the control valve 32 and can be used to prevent excessive pressure build up if required.
  • a holding volume 16 may be upstream of the flow meter 28, preferably on a vertical or sloping part of the drain line 14.
  • the holding volume 16 may receive the fluid as it accumulates upstream of the flow meter 28 when the flow control valve 32 is operated. Furthermore, having the holding volume 16 can provide additional reaction time should the fluid accumulation upstream of the flow meter 28 become uncontrolled and begin backing up into the gas turbine bearing chamber 12, which might cause potential damage to the gas turbine engine.
  • the accumulation of the fluid upstream of the flow meter 28 may be determined by measuring a static head of the fluid at an inlet of the flow meter 28. In particular, the level of the accumulated fluid may be measured by measuring a differential pressure across the holding volume 16.
  • a differential pressure transducer 22 may be provided, comprising a high-pressure side 22a for measuring the fluid head pressure at the bottom of the holding volume 16, and a low-pressure side 22b for measuring a reference pressure at the top of the holding volume 16.
  • the differential between the measurements at 22a and 22b yields a static head of the fluid.
  • the differential pressure measured by the transducer 22 is essentially zero.
  • a positive differential pressure measured by the transducer 22 indicates that fluid has accumulated upstream of the flow meter 28.
  • FIG. 2 with continued reference to FIG. 1, a method 200 for measurement of the flow line 14 is illustrated.
  • step 202 when a measurement of the fluid flow in the flow line 14 is desired, the flow control valve 32 is operated so as to move the flow control valve 32 toward a closed position such that the fluid accumulates upstream of the flow meter 28. Before this operation, the accumulated fluid level upstream of the flow meter 28 is essentially zero. The actuation of the flow control valve 32 toward the closing position continues, preferably in a gradual manner, until fluid begins to accumulate upstream of the flow meter 28. The accumulation of fluid is indicated by a positive static head of the fluid at the inlet of the flow meter 28. In the example embodiment described herein, the accumulation of fluid may be indicated by the differential pressure transducer 22 which begins to register a value greater than zero (i.e. a positive value).
  • step 204 when the accumulated fluid has reached a desired level, the position of the flow control valve is modulated until the level of the accumulated fluid upstream of the flow meter 28 is determined to be stable.
  • “stable” it is meant that the fluid level, as indicated by the differential pressure measurement upstream of the flow meter 28, has remained substantially constant for the duration of the measurement.
  • the modulation may be implemented by the valve control means 50, which generates an actuation signal 51 to adjust or fine-tune the position of the flow control valve 32 in response to differential pressure measurement signals 52 received from the transducer 22, based on a feedback control loop. Controlling level fluctuations to the smallest amplitude possible around a constant mean value will result in optimal accuracy for the fluid flow measurement figure.
  • the control means 50 comprises electronic control circuitry, for example, including a programmable logic controller, to control an opening or closing of the flow control valve 32.
  • the control means 50 may incorporate a sight glass on the vertical/ sloping piping section of the drain line 14 in combination with a manual handle on the flow control valve 32, controlled by a human operator.
  • a further example of a control means 50 may incorporate a float, lever and needle valve system (modulating air pressure) in the vicinity of holding volume 16 in combination with air actuator on the flow control valve 32.
  • the flow in the drain line 14 locally transitions into a single-phase flow containing the fluid only. Accordingly, at step 206, the measurement of the fluid in the drain line 14 is performed by the flow meter 28 while the level of the accumulated fluid upstream of the flow meter 28 is stable. Ensuring a single-phase flow during the measurement increases the accuracy in the measurement of the fluid by the flow meter 28.
  • the measuring system 100 as illustrated herein is able to provide precise measurement of the fluid content within the drain line 14. Measuring the fluid flow precisely in the drain line 14 may be used to determine the amount of fluid that escapes through vents 11 in the gas turbine bearing chamber 12. This is accomplished by subtracting the amount of fluid measured by the flow meter 28 from the amount of fluid measured by the flow meter 10 as the fluid enters into the measuring system 100.
  • the illustrated measuring system 100 allows continuous adjustments to the process without interrupting tests as well as a smooth return to normal gas turbine operations. Furthermore, the use of the measuring system 100 can provide increased precision of a fluid digital model of the gas turbine engine. This can also provide improved pressure loss predictions for installations. Additionally, improved sizing of equipment used can occur based on the results of the tests performed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de mesure d'un fluide dans un conduit d'écoulement comportant au moins deux phases suppose le fonctionnement d'un débitmètre et d'une vanne de régulation de débit située en aval du débitmètre sur le conduit d'écoulement. La vanne de régulation de débit est actionnée de façon à être déplacée vers une position fermée jusqu'à ce que le fluide s'accumule en amont du débitmètre. La position de la vanne de régulation de débit est ensuite modulée jusqu'à ce qu'un niveau du fluide accumulé en amont du débitmètre soit stable. Le débitmètre est actionné de manière à mesurer l'écoulement du fluide dans le conduit d'écoulement lorsque le niveau du fluide accumulé en amont du débitmètre est stable.
PCT/US2018/020135 2018-02-28 2018-02-28 Mesure d'écoulement dans un écoulement à phases multiples WO2019168513A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2018/020135 WO2019168513A1 (fr) 2018-02-28 2018-02-28 Mesure d'écoulement dans un écoulement à phases multiples

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2018/020135 WO2019168513A1 (fr) 2018-02-28 2018-02-28 Mesure d'écoulement dans un écoulement à phases multiples

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4467826A (en) * 1980-02-29 1984-08-28 Alfons Haar Maschinenbau Gmbh Device for preventing the co-measuring of gaseous admixtures in the dispensing of liquids
US4511016A (en) * 1982-11-16 1985-04-16 Mtu Motoren-Und Turbinen-Union Muenchen Gmbh Lubricating system for gas turbine engines
US5922969A (en) * 1995-11-02 1999-07-13 Alfons Haar Maschinen Bau Gmbh & Co. Method and apparatus for measuring the volume of flowing liquids
WO2015165468A1 (fr) * 2014-04-28 2015-11-05 A.P. Møller - Mærsk A/S Système et procédé de mesure de la quantité de combustible fournie dans une opération de mise en soute

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4467826A (en) * 1980-02-29 1984-08-28 Alfons Haar Maschinenbau Gmbh Device for preventing the co-measuring of gaseous admixtures in the dispensing of liquids
US4511016A (en) * 1982-11-16 1985-04-16 Mtu Motoren-Und Turbinen-Union Muenchen Gmbh Lubricating system for gas turbine engines
US5922969A (en) * 1995-11-02 1999-07-13 Alfons Haar Maschinen Bau Gmbh & Co. Method and apparatus for measuring the volume of flowing liquids
WO2015165468A1 (fr) * 2014-04-28 2015-11-05 A.P. Møller - Mærsk A/S Système et procédé de mesure de la quantité de combustible fournie dans une opération de mise en soute

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