WO2019162538A1 - Computer-assisted method for identifying metal parts - Google Patents
Computer-assisted method for identifying metal parts Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019162538A1 WO2019162538A1 PCT/ES2018/070140 ES2018070140W WO2019162538A1 WO 2019162538 A1 WO2019162538 A1 WO 2019162538A1 ES 2018070140 W ES2018070140 W ES 2018070140W WO 2019162538 A1 WO2019162538 A1 WO 2019162538A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a computer-assisted method for the identification of metal parts, of special application during the manufacture of said parts.
- the productive processes of generating parts from sheet metal create, on the surface of the manufactured parts, a series of visually identifiable marks and characteristic of each unit.
- the traceability processes of the techniques used to date involve either a mareaje on the element itself (by means of stickers, bar codes or REID), or the control of its position at a certain moment of time.
- the object of the present invention is, therefore, to provide a computer-aided method for the identification of metal parts that solves the drawbacks mentioned in the techniques employed to date.
- the invention provides a computer-assisted method for the identification of metal parts, which comprises the following steps:
- region of interest at least one region of interest is selected on the type of metal piece to be identified;
- a camera captures the images corresponding to a series of metal parts of the same type at first, and downloads and indexes them on a computer;
- the camera captures the images corresponding to a metal part of the previous stage at a point downstream, and downloads them to the computer;
- - comparison stage application of computer algorithms for the comparison of the clippings of the images obtained in the capture stage of comparison with the clippings of the images obtained in the initial capture stage for the selected region or regions of interest, obtaining The identification of the piece.
- Figure 1 shows an example of a metal part to which the method of identifying metal parts of the invention can be applied.
- Figure 2 shows several pieces of the same type with differences in the same region thereof.
- Figure 3 shows a series of metal parts, each image corresponding to a metal part of the series.
- Figure 4 shows the metal part of Figure 1 with several delimited areas for identification.
- Figure 5 shows the same area of a series of metal parts, each image corresponding to a metal part of the series.
- Figure 6 shows an example of identifying a series of metal parts, each image corresponding to a metal part of the series.
- Figure 7 shows an example of Identification of a metal part.
- Figure 8 shows a cut of a piece before being modified.
- Figure 9 shows a cutout of a piece after being modified.
- Figure 10 shows an example of identification of a modified metal part. Detailed description of the invention
- Figure 1 shows a metal part 1 to which the method of identifying metal parts of the invention can be applied.
- Figure 2 shows three examples of the same area obtained from three different units of the same type of piece 1, where notable differences can be seen in the texture of the metal around the digits of the series.
- the computer-assisted method for the identification of metal parts 1 of the invention comprises the following steps:
- a camera captures the images corresponding to a series of metal parts 1 of the same type at first, and downloads and indexes them on a computer (figure 3);
- FIG. 4 shows four zones or regions 2, 2 ', 2 ", 2"' marked from part 1 of figure 1, which can be chosen as zones or regions for the identification of part 1. Preferably those areas with approximately piano profile are taken, where it is easier to obtain reflex-free images.
- the capture of the images is preferably done in gray scale, in a controlled environment, where any type of lighting outside the system's own Lighting is avoided.
- lighting it should be taken into account that homogeneous and uniform lighting will be used both in the initial capture and in the identification capture, avoiding reflections that may affect the recognition.
- the algorithms that the computer applies can compare the marks on the piece 1 in the clippings of the images obtained in the capture stage compared with the marks on the piece 1 in the images obtained in the initial capture, and it is about algorithms based on artificial vision that can be used on free software libraries.
- Figure 7 shows an example of identification of a metal part 1, in which a cutout 3 'of an image taken in the comparison capture is compared with a cutout 3 of an image obtained in the initial capture, the correspondence being observed of the marks in both images, which allows a positive and unequivocal recognition of piece 1.
- Figures 8 and 9 show a cutout of a piece 1, before and after being modified, respectively, to simulate an appreciable line produced during its manipulation
- Figure 10 shows an example of identification of the modified metal part 1.
- the algorithm used in the computer was able to identify part 1, despite the noise generated by the modification made in part 1, which indicates that the method used provides positive results under the conditions tested, also having margin for the introduction of elements that can introduce noise both in the environment and in the parts 1,
Abstract
The invention relates to a computer-assisted method for identifying metal parts (1), which comprises the following steps: - selecting the region of interest: at least one region of interest is selected on the type of metal part (1) to be identified; - initial capture: under homogeneous, uniform lighting, a camera captures the images corresponding to a series of metal parts (1) of the same type at a first instant, and downloads and indexes them on a computer; - comparison capture: under the same homogeneous, uniform lighting, the camera captures the images corresponding to a metal part (1) of the preceding step at a downstream point, and downloads them onto the computer; - cutting out the region of interest: the computer cuts out the one or more regions of interest selected for each of the images of the metal part (1) obtained during the initial capture step and during the comparison capture step; and - comparison step: computer algorithms are applied to compare the cut-outs (3') of the images obtained during the comparison capture step with the cut-outs (3) of the images obtained during the initial capture step for the one or more regions of interest selected, obtaining the identification of the part (1).
Description
Método asistido por ordenador para la identificación de piezas metálicas Computer-aided method for the identification of metal parts
Campo de la invención Field of the Invention
La presente invención se refiere a un método asistido por ordenador para la identificación de piezas metálicas, de especial aplicación durante la fabricación de dichas piezas. The present invention relates to a computer-assisted method for the identification of metal parts, of special application during the manufacture of said parts.
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
Los procesos productivos de generación de piezas a partir de chapa metálica crean, sobre la superficie de las piezas fabricadas, una serie de marcas visualmente identificables y propias de cada unidad. The productive processes of generating parts from sheet metal create, on the surface of the manufactured parts, a series of visually identifiable marks and characteristic of each unit.
Estas marcas constituyen una suerte de“huella dactilar” de la pieza, mediante la cual podría identificarse visualmente un elemento de entre un conjunto partiendo de una imagen del elemento a identificar. Cada una de las piezas presenta, por tanto, una serie de rasgos característicos individuales, ya sean debidos a la chapa original de la que se obtienen, o por los golpes y roces que se producen en su tránsito por las distintas etapas de la estampación. These marks constitute a kind of “fingerprint” of the piece, by which an element could be visually identified from a set based on an image of the element to be identified. Each of the pieces presents, therefore, a series of individual characteristic features, whether due to the original sheet from which they are obtained, or by the bumps and frictions that occur in its transit through the different stages of stamping.
De cara a eíectuar la trazabilidad de este tipo de piezas en la industria, puede utilizarse un procedimiento que obtenga una imagen de cada pieza producida para, aguas abajo, poder identificarla. Es obvio que este procedimiento es inviable de ilevar a cabo con recursos humanos, ya que la comparación entre las imágenes y las piezas llevaría una cantidad de tiempo inasumible de manera práctica. In order to determine the traceability of this type of parts in the industry, a procedure can be used that obtains an image of each piece produced so that, downstream, it can be identified. It is obvious that this procedure is unfeasible to carry out with human resources, since the comparison between the images and the pieces would take a practically unaffordable amount of time.
Los procesos de trazabilidad de las técnicas empleadas hasta la fecha implican o bien un mareaje sobre el propio elemento (mediante pegatinas, códigos de barras o REID), o bien ei control de su posición en un momento determinado del tiempo. The traceability processes of the techniques used to date involve either a mareaje on the element itself (by means of stickers, bar codes or REID), or the control of its position at a certain moment of time.
Se hace, pues, necesario un método o procedimiento de identificación de piezas metálicas que simplifique la trazabilidad, evitando además los trabajos de mareaje sobre la pieza.
Sumario de la invención Therefore, a method or procedure for the identification of metal parts that simplifies traceability is necessary, also avoiding tidal works on the piece. Summary of the invention
El objeto de la presente invención es, por tanto, proporcionar un método asistido por ordenador para la identificación de piezas metálicas que resuelva los inconvenientes mencionados en las técnicas empleadas hasta la fecha. The object of the present invention is, therefore, to provide a computer-aided method for the identification of metal parts that solves the drawbacks mentioned in the techniques employed to date.
La invención proporciona un método asistido por ordenador para la identificación de piezasmetálicas, que comprende las siguientes etapas: The invention provides a computer-assisted method for the identification of metal parts, which comprises the following steps:
- selección de la región de interés: se selecciona al menos una región de interés sobre el tipo de pieza metálica a identificar; - selection of the region of interest: at least one region of interest is selected on the type of metal piece to be identified;
- captura inicial: con iluminación homogénea y uniforme, una cámara captura las imágenes correspondientes a una serie de piezas metálicas del mismo tipo en un primer momento, y las descarga e indexa en un ordenador; - initial capture: with homogeneous and uniform illumination, a camera captures the images corresponding to a series of metal parts of the same type at first, and downloads and indexes them on a computer;
- captura de comparación: con la misma iluminación homogénea y uniforme, la cámara captura las imágenes correspondientes a una pieza metálica de la etapa anterior en un punto aguas abajo, y las descarga en el ordenador; - comparison capture: with the same homogeneous and uniform illumination, the camera captures the images corresponding to a metal part of the previous stage at a point downstream, and downloads them to the computer;
- recorte de la región de interés: recorte mediante ordenador de la región o regiones de interés seleccionadas para cada una de las imágenes de la pieza metálica obtenidas en la etapa de captura inicial y en la etapa de captura de comparación; y - cropping of the region of interest: computer clipping of the region or regions of interest selected for each of the images of the metal part obtained in the initial capture stage and in the comparison capture stage; Y
- etapa de comparación: aplicación de algoritmos por ordenador para ia comparación de los recortes de las imágenes obtenidas en ia etapa de captura de comparación con los recortes de las imágenes obtenidas en ia etapa de captura inicial para la región o regiones de interés seleccionadas, obteniéndose la identificación de la pieza. - comparison stage: application of computer algorithms for the comparison of the clippings of the images obtained in the capture stage of comparison with the clippings of the images obtained in the initial capture stage for the selected region or regions of interest, obtaining The identification of the piece.
La invención proporciona una serie de ventajas: The invention provides a number of advantages:
- Se evita modificar la pieza, que queda intacta, tai y como se produce. - Avoid modifying the piece, which remains intact, tai and how it is produced.
Abarata el coste de ia trazabilidad, ya que se evita la necesidad de introducir elementos como pegatinas u otros elementos sobre ia superficie además del tiempo de operación. It lowers the cost of traceability, since the need to introduce elements such as stickers or other elements on the surface in addition to the operating time is avoided.
Se evita el control del stock de elementos de trazabilidad que es necesario cuando se emplean pegatinas, códigos de barras o REID.
Desaparece el posible riesgo presente en técnicas de trazabilidad, como puede ser el mareaje laser. The control of the stock of traceability elements that is necessary when using stickers, bar codes or REID is avoided. The possible risk present in traceability techniques disappears, such as laser marking.
Otras realizaciones ventajosas de la invención se exponen en las reivindicaciones dependientes. Other advantageous embodiments of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims.
Breve descripción de las figuras Brief description of the figures
A continuación se describirá una realización ilustrativa, y en ningún sentido limitativa, del objeto de la presente invención, haciendo referencia a los dibujos que se acompañan, en los cuales: An illustrative, and in no way limiting, embodiment of the object of the present invention will be described below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
La figura 1 muestra un ejemplo de pieza metálica a la que se le puede aplicar el método de identificación de piezas metálicas de la invención. Figure 1 shows an example of a metal part to which the method of identifying metal parts of the invention can be applied.
La figura 2 muestra varias piezas del mismo tipo con diferencias en la misma región de las mismas. Figure 2 shows several pieces of the same type with differences in the same region thereof.
La figura 3 muestra una serie de piezas metálicas, correspondiendo cada imagen a una pieza metálica de la serie. Figure 3 shows a series of metal parts, each image corresponding to a metal part of the series.
La figura 4 muestra la pieza metálica de la figura 1 con varias zonas delimitadas para la identificación. Figure 4 shows the metal part of Figure 1 with several delimited areas for identification.
La figura 5 muestra la misma zona de una serie de piezas metálicas, correspondiendo cada imagen a una pieza metálica de la serie. Figure 5 shows the same area of a series of metal parts, each image corresponding to a metal part of the series.
La figura 6 muesfra un ejemplo de identificación de una serie de piezas metálicas, correspondiendo cada imagen a una pieza metálica de la serie. Figure 6 shows an example of identifying a series of metal parts, each image corresponding to a metal part of the series.
La figura 7 muestra un ejemplo de Identificación de una pieza metálica. Figure 7 shows an example of Identification of a metal part.
La figura 8 muestra un recorte de una pieza antes de ser modificada. Figure 8 shows a cut of a piece before being modified.
La figura 9 muesfra un recorte de una pieza después de ser modificada. Figure 9 shows a cutout of a piece after being modified.
La figura 10 muestra un ejemplo de identificación de una pieza metálica modificada.
Descripción detallada de la invención Figure 10 shows an example of identification of a modified metal part. Detailed description of the invention
La figura 1 muestra una pieza metálica 1 a la que se le puede aplicar el método de identificación de piezas metálicas de la invención. En la figura 2 se representan tres ejemplos de una misma zona obtenida de tres unidades diferentes del mismo tipo de pieza 1 , donde pueden apreciarse diferencias notables en la textura del metal alrededor de los dígitos de la serie. Figure 1 shows a metal part 1 to which the method of identifying metal parts of the invention can be applied. Figure 2 shows three examples of the same area obtained from three different units of the same type of piece 1, where notable differences can be seen in the texture of the metal around the digits of the series.
Con el objeto de poder identificar las piezas metálicas 1 , por ejemplo, durante su proceso de fabricación, se hace uso de la visión artificial. In order to identify the metal parts 1, for example, during its manufacturing process, artificial vision is used.
El método asistido por ordenador para la identificación de piezas metálicas 1 de la invención comprende las siguientes etapas: The computer-assisted method for the identification of metal parts 1 of the invention comprises the following steps:
- selección de la región de interés: se selecciona al menos una región de interés 2, 2’, 2”, 2’” sobre el tipo de pieza metálica 1 a identificar (figura 4); - selection of the region of interest: at least one region of interest 2, 2 ’, 2”, 2 ’” is selected on the type of metal part 1 to be identified (figure 4);
- captura inicial: con iluminación homogénea y uniforme, una cámara captura las imágenes correspondientes a una serie de piezas metálicas 1 del mismo tipo en un primer momento, y las descarga e indexa en un ordenador (figura 3); - initial capture: with homogeneous and uniform illumination, a camera captures the images corresponding to a series of metal parts 1 of the same type at first, and downloads and indexes them on a computer (figure 3);
- captura de comparación: con la misma iluminación homogénea y uniforme, la cámara captura las imágenes correspondientes a una pieza metálica 1 de la etapa anterior en un punto aguas abajo, y las descarga en el ordenador; recorte de la región de interés: recorte mediante ordenador de la región o regiones de interés seleccionadas para cada una de las imágenes de la pieza metálica 1 obtenidas en la etapa de captura inicial y en la etapa de captura de comparación (figura 5); y - comparison capture: with the same homogeneous and uniform illumination, the camera captures the images corresponding to a metal part 1 of the previous stage at a point downstream, and downloads them to the computer; cropping of the region of interest: computer clipping of the region or regions of interest selected for each of the images of the metal part 1 obtained in the initial capture stage and in the comparison capture stage (Figure 5); Y
- etapa de comparación: aplicación de algoritmos por ordenador para la comparación de los recortes 3’ de las imágenes obtenidas en la etapa de captura de comparación con ios recortes 3 de las imágenes obtenidas en la etapa de captura inicial para la región o regiones de interés seleccionadas, obteniéndose la identificación de la pieza 1 (figura 6).
En la figura 4 se pueden observar cuatro zonas o regiones 2, 2 ', 2”, 2”’ marcadas de la pieza 1 de la figura 1 , que pueden elegirse como zonas o regiones para la identificación de la pieza 1 . Se toman preferentemente aquellas zonas con perfil aproximadamente piano, donde es más sencillo obtener imágenes libres de reflejos. - comparison stage: application of computer algorithms for the comparison of the 3 'cuts of the images obtained in the capture stage compared with the 3 cuts of the images obtained in the initial capture stage for the region or regions of interest selected, obtaining the identification of piece 1 (figure 6). Figure 4 shows four zones or regions 2, 2 ', 2 ", 2"' marked from part 1 of figure 1, which can be chosen as zones or regions for the identification of part 1. Preferably those areas with approximately piano profile are taken, where it is easier to obtain reflex-free images.
La captura de las imágenes se realiza preferentemente en escala de gris, en un entorno controlado, donde se evita cualquier tipo de iluminación ajena a la Iluminación propia del sistema. De cara a la iluminación, debe tenerse en cuenta que se utilizará una iluminación homogénea y uniforme tanto en la captura inicial como en la captura de identificación, evitándose reflejos que puedan afectar al reconocimiento. The capture of the images is preferably done in gray scale, in a controlled environment, where any type of lighting outside the system's own Lighting is avoided. With regard to lighting, it should be taken into account that homogeneous and uniform lighting will be used both in the initial capture and in the identification capture, avoiding reflections that may affect the recognition.
Asimismo, los algoritmos que aplica el ordenador pueden comparar las marcas sobre la pieza 1 en los recortes de las imágenes obtenidas en la etapa de captura de comparación con las marcas sobre la pieza 1 en las imágenes obtenidas en la captura inicial, y se trata de algoritmos basados en visión artificial que pueden utilizarse sobre librerías de software libre. Also, the algorithms that the computer applies can compare the marks on the piece 1 in the clippings of the images obtained in the capture stage compared with the marks on the piece 1 in the images obtained in the initial capture, and it is about algorithms based on artificial vision that can be used on free software libraries.
En la figura 7 se observa un ejemplo de identificación de una pieza metálica 1 , en la que se compara un recorte 3’ de una imagen tomada en la captura de comparación con un recorte 3 de una imagen obtenida en la captura inicial, observándose la correspondencia de las marcas en ambas imágenes, lo que permite un reconocimiento positivo e inequívoco de la pieza 1 . Figure 7 shows an example of identification of a metal part 1, in which a cutout 3 'of an image taken in the comparison capture is compared with a cutout 3 of an image obtained in the initial capture, the correspondence being observed of the marks in both images, which allows a positive and unequivocal recognition of piece 1.
En las figuras 8 y 9 se muestra un recorte de una pieza 1 , antes y después de ser modificada, respectivamente, para simular una raya apreciadle producida durante su manipulación, y la figura 10 muestra un ejemplo de identificación de la pieza metálica 1 modificada. incluso en este caso, el algoritmo empleado en el ordenador fue capaz de identificar la pieza 1 , a pesar del ruido generado por la modificación efectuada en la pieza 1 , lo que indica que el método empleado otrece resultados positivos en las condiciones ensayadas, teniendo además margen para la introducción de elementos que puedan introducir ruido tanto en el entorno como en las propias piezas 1 , Figures 8 and 9 show a cutout of a piece 1, before and after being modified, respectively, to simulate an appreciable line produced during its manipulation, and Figure 10 shows an example of identification of the modified metal part 1. even in this case, the algorithm used in the computer was able to identify part 1, despite the noise generated by the modification made in part 1, which indicates that the method used provides positive results under the conditions tested, also having margin for the introduction of elements that can introduce noise both in the environment and in the parts 1,
Teniendo en cuenta las posibles perturbaciones que se introducirían en un ambiente de producción en fábrica, podría elaborarse un desarrollo que obtuviese la comparación de más de una zona de la pieza 1 , lo cual permitiría aumentar la fiabilidad obtenida con el método de la invención.
En cuanto a la generación de! entorno de laboratorio para la obtención de imágenes que permitió realizar las pruebas para testear el método de la invención, presentó las siguientes características: Taking into account the possible disturbances that would be introduced in a factory production environment, a development could be developed that would obtain the comparison of more than one area of part 1, which would increase the reliability obtained with the method of the invention. As for the generation of! Laboratory environment for obtaining images that allowed to perform the tests to test the method of the invention, presented the following characteristics:
Iluminación LED sobre un soporte configurable. LED lighting on a configurable stand.
- Cámara manta G-419B, capaz de capturar 28,6 FPS con una resolución de 2048 x - G-419B blanket camera, capable of capturing 28.6 FPS with a resolution of 2048 x
2048. 2048
Objetivos con distintas longitudes focales. Objectives with different focal lengths.
Un soporte realizado mediante impresión 3D para la fijación de la posición de las piezas 1 . A support made by 3D printing to fix the position of the pieces 1.
Aunque se han descrito y representado unas realizaciones del invento, es evidente que pueden introducirse en ellas modificaciones comprendidas dentro del alcance del mismo, no debiendo considerarse limitado éste a dichas realizaciones, sino únicamente ai contenido de las reivindicaciones siguientes.
Although embodiments of the invention have been described and represented, it is evident that modifications within the scope of the invention can be introduced therein, which should not be considered limited to said embodiments, but only to the content of the following claims.
Claims
1.- Método asistido por ordenador para la identificación de piezas metálicas (1 ), caracterizado por que comprende las siguientes etapas: 1.- Computer-aided method for the identification of metal parts (1), characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
- selección de la región de interés: se selecciona al menos una región de interés (2, 2’, 2”, 2’”) sobre el tipo de pieza metálica (1 ) a identificar; - selection of the region of interest: at least one region of interest (2, 2 ’, 2”, 2 ’”) is selected on the type of metal part (1) to be identified;
- captura inicial: con iluminación homogénea y uniforme, una cámara captura las imágenes correspondientes a una serie de piezas metálicas (1 ) del mismo tipo en un primer momento, y las descarga e indexa en un ordenador; - initial capture: with homogeneous and uniform illumination, a camera captures the images corresponding to a series of metal parts (1) of the same type at first, and downloads and indexes them on a computer;
- captura de comparación: con la misma iluminación homogénea y uniforme, la cámara captura las imágenes correspondientes a una pieza metálica (1 ) de la etapa anterior en un punto aguas abajo, y las descarga en el ordenador; recorte de la región de interés: recorte mediante ordenador de la región o regiones de interés seleccionadas para cada una de las imágenes de la pieza metálica (1 ) obtenidas en la etapa de captura inicial y en la etapa de captura de comparación; y - comparison capture: with the same homogeneous and uniform illumination, the camera captures the images corresponding to a metal part (1) of the previous stage at a point downstream, and downloads them to the computer; cropping of the region of interest: computer clipping of the region or regions of interest selected for each of the images of the metal part (1) obtained in the initial capture stage and in the comparison capture stage; Y
- etapa de comparación: aplicación de algoritmos por ordenador para la comparación de los recortes (3’) de las imágenes obtenidas en la etapa de captura de comparación con ios recortes (3) de las imágenes obtenidas en la etapa de captura inicial para la región o regiones de interés seleccionadas, obteniéndose la identificación de la pieza (1 ). - comparison stage: application of computer algorithms for the comparison of clippings (3 ') of the images obtained in the capture stage compared with the clippings (3) of the images obtained in the initial capture stage for the region or selected regions of interest, obtaining the identification of the piece (1).
2.- Método asistido por ordenador para la identificación de piezas metálicas (1 ) según la reivindicación 1 , en el que los algoritmos comparan las marcas sobre la pieza (1 ) en ios recortes (3’) de las imágenes obtenidas en la etapa de captura de comparación con las marcas sobre la pieza en las imágenes obtenidas en la captura inicial. 2. Computer-aided method for the identification of metal parts (1) according to claim 1, wherein the algorithms compare the marks on the part (1) in the cutouts (3 ') of the images obtained in the stage of comparison capture with the marks on the piece in the images obtained in the initial capture.
3.- Método asistido por ordenador para la identificación de piezas metálicas (1 ) según la reivindicación 1 o 2, en el que las etapas de captura de imágenes se realizan en escala de gris.
3. Computer-aided method for the identification of metal parts (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the image capture steps are performed in gray scale.
4.- Método asistido por ordenador para la identificación de piezas metálicas (1 ) según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, en el que las regiones (2, 2 ', 2”, 2”’) de ia pieza (1 ) seleccionadas son planas.
4. Computer-aided method for the identification of metal parts (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the regions (2, 2 ', 2 ", 2"') of the selected part (1) They are flat.
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| PCT/ES2018/070140 WO2019162538A1 (en) | 2018-02-23 | 2018-02-23 | Computer-assisted method for identifying metal parts |
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