WO2019162439A1

WO2019162439A1 - Vehicle battery module

Info

Publication number: WO2019162439A1
Application number: PCT/EP2019/054443
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alexander Klose; Oliver Oechsle
Original assignee: Klose & Oechsle Gmbh
Priority date: 2018-02-23
Filing date: 2019-02-22
Publication date: 2019-08-29
Also published as: DE102018104167A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle battery module (1) for a vehicle battery (FB) of an electric vehicle, having a temperature-control space (2) for receiving and fixing chargeable battery cells (6) inserted therein, a fluid (F) which flows through the temperature-control space (2) flowing homogeneously around the lateral surfaces of said battery cells for uniform temperature control of the battery cells (6). The temperature-control space (2) is connected via connection openings (5) to an inlet chamber (3) of the vehicle battery module (1), said chamber spatially distributing the fluid (F) entering via an inlet opening (4) of the vehicle battery module (1) before said fluid passes through the connection openings (5) into the temperature-control space (2) of the vehicle battery module (1).

Description

Vehicle battery module

The invention relates to a vehicle battery module for a vehicle battery of an electric vehicle, in particular a ElektroStraßenfahrzeugs, an electric rail vehicle, egg nes electric aircraft or an electric watercraft).

Electric vehicles have electric motors that derive their energy from vehicle batteries. The vehicle batteries thereby include rechargeable battery cells which are interconnected pa rallel and / or connected in series. During operation of the electric vehicle, the charged battery cells are discharged and can be recharged at an electrical charging station. The battery cells of a vehicle battery can be exposed to special energetic loads that can influence the performance of the vehicle battery decisively depending on the cell chemistry of the battery cell used. With a strong acceleration of the

Electric vehicle by the electric motor, the battery cells of the vehicle battery are discharged relatively quickly, so that relatively high currents flow and the battery cells are heated or heated. Likewise, rapid charging of the vehicle battery can lead to heating or heating of the battery cells contained therein. The Tempe temperature of the battery cells affects the Innenwider stood the battery cells, and thus the per unit time taken or delivered charge amount as the key parameters of the battery cells of a vehicle battery. If the battery cells are operated outside permissible temperature limits, the durability of the vehicle battery is additionally reduced. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle battery module for a vehicle battery of a Elekt rofahrzeuges, with which the battery contained therein teriezellen be operated in a predetermined operating temperature range, which optimizes the charging time and energy capacity of the battery.

This object is achieved by a vehicle battery riemodul with the features specified in claim 1.

The invention accordingly provides a vehicle battery module for a vehicle battery of an electric vehicle, comprising:

a Temperierungsraum for receiving and fixing of rechargeable battery cells used therein, the lateral surfaces are homogeneously flowed around by a flowing through the Temperierungsraum Flu id for uniform temperature of the battery cells,

wherein the Temperierungsraum is connected via connection openings with egg ner inlet chamber of the vehicle battery module, which spatially distributed via an inlet opening of the Fahrzeugbatteriemo module fluid before it passes through the connection openings in the temperature control chamber of the vehicle battery module.

In the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the lateral surfaces of the batteries used in the Temperierungsraum teriezellen homogeneous laminar flow around, so that several battery cells riezellen the vehicle battery module are evenly tempered as possible or temperature gradients are minimized.

In one possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the temperature control chamber of the vehicle Battery module via connection openings with a lasskammer of the vehicle battery module connected, which brings together the austre from the temperature control chamber of the vehicle battery module tend fluid and emits an outlet opening of the vehicle battery module.

In this embodiment, the vehicle battery module has both an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention this has at least one of an electrically insulating material existing on receiving grid having a plurality of uniformly spaced receiving openings, which are provided for receiving and fixing of rechargeable battery cells inserted therein.

In an alternative embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention no receiving grid is provided and the battery cells are fixed resin composition by means of a cured art.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the Verbindungsöffnun conditions between the Temperierungskammer the Fahrzeugbatteriemo module and the inlet chamber and / or the outlet chamber of the vehicle battery module several evenly spaced

Slits open.

In one possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the battery cells inserted into the temperature control chamber are connected to their fixing and to the sealing tion of the Temperierungsraumes with a hardened resin potting compound.

The cured resin composition is preferably thermally conductive and electrically insulating.

In one possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the cured synthetic resin composition is formed by glass fiber epoxy resin.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the battery used Riezellen each have two opposite electrical poles, which are embedded in the cured resin composition and protrude therefrom, wherein first poles of the battery cells in groups with a first conductive plate, in particular a copper sheet, and second Pole of the battery cells group by group with a second electrical plate, in particular a copper sheet, are connected.

In another possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the vehicle battery module has a flow control valve that regulates a mass flow of the fluid flowing through the vehicle battery module.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the vehicle battery module has a flow measuring unit which measures a mass flow of the fluid flowing through the vehicle battery module. In another possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the vehicle battery module has temperature sensors which are suitable for measuring a fluid temperature flowing into the vehicle battery module and / or a discharge temperature of the fluid flowing out of the vehicle battery module.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the temperature sensors of the vehicle battery module and the flow measuring unit of the vehicle battery module are connected to a control unit.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the control unit calculates a current heat output of the vehicle battery module based on the sensor-detected inflow temperature and the sensed discharge temperature and based on the detected mass flow of the fluid flowing through the vehicle battery module.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the vehicle battery module is connected via a connected to the inlet opening of the vehicle battery module fluid supply line and a connected to the outlet opening of the vehicle battery module fluid discharge to a mixing valve of a circuit in which circulates the fluid.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the mixing valve is controllable by the control unit as a function of the calculated heat output of the vehicle battery module for temperature control of the battery cells of the vehicle battery module. In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the flow control valve of the vehicle battery module and / or an associated pump to compensate for temperature differences between the vehicle battery module and other vehicle battery modules arranged in parallel by the control unit as a function of mass flow of the measured by the flow measuring unit of the vehicle battery Ratte module controllable by the Fahrzeugbat teriemodul flowing through fluid.

In a further possible embodiment of the inventive vehicle battery module, the vehicle battery module is provided in parallel with further identically constructed vehicle battery modules in a circuit having a common fluid tank with a predetermined volume for receiving a certain amount of fluid, which by the pa rallel arranged vehicle battery modules in the cycle circulated.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the fluid tank is exchangeable for various applications or electric vehicles.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, at least one temperature sensor is provided on the fluid tank which signals the temperature of the fluid in the fluid tank to the control unit.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the fluid has a liquid, in particular water, on. In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the fluid has a gas, in particular air.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the temperature control chamber of the vehicle battery module has a ventilation device for venting.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, a sensor for measuring an electrical potential of the fluid located in the temperature control chamber is provided in the vehicle battery module with respect to the electrical pole of the battery cells.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the control unit sets the battery cells located in the temperature control chamber of the vehicle battery module for a current and / or expected future operating state of an electric vehicle to a suitable temperature.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, a control unit sets the battery cells in the temperature control chamber of the vehicle battery module to a suitable charging temperature for prompt charging of the battery cells within a given short charging period of preferably less than ten minutes. The charging temperature can be optimally adapted to the respective state of charge over the charging time. In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, a control unit sets the battery cells located in the temperature control chamber of the vehicle battery module to a suitable discharge temperature for the rapid discharge of the battery cells within a short discharge period.

In a possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the control unit sets the appropriate charging temperature for rapid charging of the battery cells and / or the appropriate discharge temperature for rapid discharge of the battery cells within a short discharge period by controlling the mixing valve and / or a pump of the circuit and adapts them accordingly Cell chemistry and Ladezu stood the battery cells optimally.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the vehicle battery module has an electric heater attached to the fluid supply line, which is controllable by a control unit for controlling the temperature of the battery cells located in the temperature control chamber.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module according to the invention, the control unit tempered in the temperature control chamber of the vehicle battery module sensitive battery cells by driving the mixing valve, a pump and / or on the vehicle battery module before seen electric heating or cooling such that one by the control unit monitored operating temperature of the vehicle battery module when reaching a charging station corresponds to a predetermined desired charging start temperature. In a further possible embodiment of the fiction, contemporary vehicle battery module, the lateral surfaces of the battery cells are each coated with an insulating resist for electrical insulation against the fluid flowing around and / or to protect against corrosion.

The invention provides according to another aspect of a driving convincing battery for an electric vehicle with the features specified in patent claim 21.

The invention thus provides a vehicle battery for an electric vehicle with a plurality of integrated vehicle battery modules according to the first aspect of the invention which are flowed through in parallel in a common circuit by a fluid circulating therein.

The invention provides, according to a further third aspect, a temperature management system for vehicle battery modules having the features specified in claim 22.

The invention accordingly provides a temperature management system, which is provided for vehicle battery modules according to the first aspect of the invention, with a control unit, which keeps the operating temperature of the battery cells within the vehicle battery modules in an opti for the respective state of charge temperature range and temperature gradient between tween the battery cells minimized. The optimum temperature range can be constantly redetermined by the connection to a battery management system and can typically depend on the state of charge, the load parameters (from given power, absorbed power, voltage) as well as the cell chemistry used. In the following, possible embodiments of the various aspects of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the attached figures.

Show it:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of an example Ausfüh tion of a driving invention battery module with a receiving grid for receiving battery cells.

Fig. FIG. 2 shows a further perspective view of the vehicle battery module shown in FIG. 1 with battery cells inserted therein; FIG.

Fig. Figure 3 is a top view of that in the figures

1, 2 illustrated Fahrzeugbatteriemo

dul; which illustrates the modular packing of the vehicle battery module in various submodules

4 is a detailed view of a group of befindli in the vehicle battery module befindli chen battery cells to explain the operation of the flow of fluid in the vehicle battery module according to the invention.

FIGS. 5,

7 temperature distributions to explain the

Method of operation of a driving battery module according to the invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of a tempera turmanagementsystems according to another Aspect of the invention for a vehicle battery consisting of several vehicle battery battery;

9 is an illustration of a built within a driving frame of an electric vehicle vehicle battery according to the invention.

Figures 10, 11 are views of an exemplary Ausfüh

Example of a vehicle battery module from above and below.

As can be seen in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, a vehicle battery module 1 for a vehicle battery FB of an electric vehicle via a temperature control chamber 2 and at least one inlet chamber 3. The temperature control chamber 2 of the vehicle battery module 1 is for the acquisition and fixation of rechargeable battery inserted therein provided riezellen 6, as shown in Fig. 2. The lateral surfaces of the battery cells 6 are thereby homogeneously flows around by a flowing through the temperature control chamber 2 fluid F for uniform temperature of the battery cells 6. The temperature control chamber 2 is connected via connection openings 5, in particular connecting slots, to the inlet chamber 3 of the vehicle battery module 1. The inlet chamber 3 of the vehicle battery module 1 according to the invention spatially distributes the fluid F passing through an inlet opening 4 of the vehicle battery module 1 before the fluid F passes through the connection openings 5 in the temperature control chamber 2 of the vehicle battery module 1. The connection openings 5 are formed for example by slots, as in Fig. 2 recognizable bar. 2, the inlet chamber 3, the front side of the temperature control chamber 2 of the vehicle battery Riemoduls 1 is provided, graphically removed so that the connection openings 5 between the temperature control chamber 2 and the inlet chamber 3 can be seen. In the presented in Fig. 2 Darge embodiment, five connecting openings 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, 5-5 are provided, through which the fluid F flows from the inlet chamber 3 in the temperature control chamber 2. The number and shape of the connection openings 5-i can vary depending on the application. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, five connection openings 5-i see pre, each of which is slot-shaped. The fluid F flowing into the inlet opening 4 is distributed laterally or laterally within the inlet chamber 3 and passes through the connecting slots 5-i, as shown in FIG. 2, into the temperature control chamber 2. In FIG the temperature control room 2 used battery cells 6 shown.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, 2, ver the temperature control chamber 2 via an existing of an electrically insulating material receiving grid 7, which has a plurality of uniformly spaced receiving openings. These receiving openings are used for receiving and Fixie tion of rechargeable battery cells used therein 6. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, 2, the battery cells 6 are cylindrical. The lateral surfaces of the zylin derförmigen battery cells 6 are surrounded by a flowing through the Tem perierungsraum 2 fluid F for uniform temperature of the battery cells 6 flows around homogeneously. By the lateral or lateral distribution of the fluid F in the A lasskammer 3 of the vehicle battery module 1, a laminar flow through the entire Temperierungsraumes 2 can be achieved. The fluid flow in this case has no turbulence and ruptures at any point within the temperature control chamber 2 from. 3 shows a view of a vehicle battery module 1 with battery cells 6 inserted therein from above.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, the vehicle battery module 1 has, within its tempering space 2, four groups of battery cells 6, each group comprising thirty-eight battery cells. The battery cells 6 are thereby laterally or transversely offset within the tempering space 2 in the flow direction to each other, so that a laminar longitudinal flow between the battery cells 6 is forced meandering in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle battery module 1. Narrow Strö flow channels are provided between the battery cells 6 used, so that the lateral surfaces of all Batte riezellen 6 are laminar flow around all sides, without Ver swirling arise. The distance between the various battery cells 6 in one possible embodiment is slightly more than 0.4 mm. As can be seen from the view of FIG. 3, the laterally outward battery cells 6 are flowed around on both sides of the fluid F. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the first row of battery cells 6 within the Temperierungsraumes 2 of the vehicle battery module 1 five juxtaposed Bat teriezellen 6. The number of battery in the first row of the driving battery module 1 provided battery cells 6 corresponds in a possible embodiment of the number of connec tion openings 5 between the inlet chamber 3 and the Tempe rierungsraum 2 of the vehicle battery module 1. In the in Fig. In fig.

3 illustrated embodiment, the second row of battery cells 6 within the vehicle battery module 1 six battery cells 6, wherein the battery cells 6 of the two th row are laterally offset from the battery cells 6 of the Ers th row are arranged. Each row of battery cells 6 is offset to the next row of battery cells 6 is arranged, as shown in Fig. 3. Preferably, the offset is half the diameter of a cylindrically shaped battery cell 6. The side walls of the vehicle battery module are shaped such that also laterally mounted battery cells are optimally flowed around, but at the same time the necessary amount of fluid is minimized. In particular, the side walls are not only flat, but adapted to the shape of the outer battery cells.

Fig. 4 shows schematically how the lateral surface of a Batte riezelle 6 by a fluid F within the Temperierungsrau mes 2 flows around or is flowed around, so that a suitable lami nare and homogeneous flow of the fluid F is achieved. A turbulence of the fluid F within the temperature control chamber 2 or even a tearing off of the fluid flow is avoided. Also on the back of the lateral surface of a battery cell 6 ent is a laminar fluid flow, so that the battery cell 6 is uniformly tempered from all sides.

In one possible embodiment, the fluid F has a liquid, in particular water. The fluid F has a relatively high heat capacity. In a further possible embodiment, the fluid F may also comprise deionized water, oils or other dielectric liquids. The fluid F can be both conductive and nonconductive. In a further possible embodiment, the fluid F may also be a gas, in particular air.

In a further possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module 1 according to the invention, the temperature control chamber 2 of the vehicle battery module 1 is connected via further connection openings. 5 connected to an outlet chamber of the vehicle battery module 1, which brings together the fuel battery module 1 emerging from the temperature control chamber 2 of the driving fluid F and emits an outlet opening of the vehicle battery module 1. The outlet chamber is preferably formed geometrically like the inlet chamber 3. The connection openings 5 between the temperature control chamber 2 and the outlet chamber are also preferentially formed by evenly spaced slots ge, as shown in Fig. 2 can be seen.

In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, the battery cells 6 are fixed in the temperature control chamber 2 by means of a receiving grid 7. In one possible embodiment, the shape used in the receiving grid 7 Batte riezellen 6 to their fixation and to seal the Tempe rierungsraumes 2 with a cured resin molding poured ver. This synthetic resin composition is preferably thermally conductive and electrically insulating. In an alternative Ausfüh tion form of the vehicle battery module 1 according to the invention can on the receiving grid 7, as shown in Fig. 1, are dispensed with and the battery cells 6 are shed to ih rer fixation and sealing of Temperierungsraumes 2 directly with a synthetic resin composition, which wärmelei is tend and electrically insulating.

The located in the temperature control chamber 2 battery cells 6 each have two opposite electrical poles, which are embedded in the cured resin composition and protrude therefrom, wherein first poles of the battery cells 6 in groups with a first conductive plate and second Po le of the battery cells 6 in groups with a second electrical plate are connected. The electrical plates are formed, for example, by copper sheets. The battery cells 6 are formed in a possible embodiment form by cylindrical battery cells 6 having the lateral surfaces. The lateral surfaces of the battery cells 6 are coated in one possible embodiment with an isolie-generating protective lacquer for electrical insulation against the fluid flowing around them F and / or to protect against corrosion. The shape of the battery cells 6 may vary in various embodiments. For example, the battery cells 6 may also have a so-called pouch shape.

The vehicle battery module 1 illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 comprises a multiplicity of battery cells 6, for example lithium-ion battery cells. The vehicle battery module 1 is characterized by a high energy density and low weight. The various battery cells 6 are packed tightly within the vehicle battery module 1 and occupy a very small space. By embedding in a synthetic resin mass, the insulation is also improved and the vehicle battery module 1 according to the invention can withstand even extreme vibration conditions without affecting its functional ability.

By casting with resin, a stable seal of the vehicle battery module 1 and a fixation of the battery batten cells 6 is achieved. The vehicle battery module 1 includes in the illustrated embodiment, four groups, each with thirty-eight battery cells 6, which can be connected in full or proportionately parallel or serial. The fixation, sealing and insulation of Fahrzeugbatteriemo module 1 is preferably carried out by means of a hardening material, in particular a thermosetting resin. In a possible embodiment of the vehicle battery module 1 according to the invention, the temperature control chamber 2 of the vehicle battery module 1 at least one device Entlüftungseinrich for venting the Temperierungsraumes 2 on. In one possible embodiment, a sensor for measuring an electrical potential of the fluid F in the temperature control chamber 2 with respect to one of the electrical poles of the battery cells 6 is provided in the vehicle battery module 1. The venting device is ge in a possible Ausfüh tion by this measured electrical potential controls. It is possible that leakage currents, the fluid F, for example, water, decompose, so that, for example, the Ge driving an unwanted explosive gas reaction. Such gases are reliably removed by means of the venting device from the driving battery module 1.

Figures 5, 6, 7 show temperature profiles for explaining the operation of a vehicle battery module 1 according to the invention. The fluid F flowing into the vehicle battery module 1 has an inflow temperature T _to and the fluid F flowing out of the vehicle battery module 1 has a discharge temperature T _ab . FIG. 5 shows an operating state in which the temperature within the vehicle battery module 1 gradually increases in the longitudinal direction (X). For example, at ho hen outside temperatures and a high load of the vehicle battery module 1 or when charging the vehicle battery module 1 with cooling, the temperature increases in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle battery module 1 gradually.

Fig. 6 shows an operating situation with a relatively niedri gen outside temperature and a relatively low load on the vehicle battery FB, in which the outflow temperature _T of the flowing fluid F below the inlet temperature _to T the inflowing fluid F is located. A similar Temperaturver running results when charging the vehicle battery module 1 un ter heating, as shown in Fig. 6. In the erfindungsge MAESSEN vehicle battery module 1 due to the structural design, is achieved within the vehicle battery module 1 that the temperature difference DT between the inlet temperature T _increases and the discharge temperature _T always within a PRE-surrounded maximum temperature range AT _max remains, as shown in Figures 5, 6 , The temperature gradient within the vehicle battery module 1 in the longitudinal direction is almost li near, as shown in Figures 5, 6. Furthermore, the ab solute temperature gradient due to the laminar Fluidströ tion within the Temperierungsraumes 2 is relatively low, so that the operating temperature of the battery cells 6 remains turfenster within the vehicle battery module 1 in a predetermined tempera.

7 shows a temperature profile in the transverse direction (Y) of the vehicle battery module 1. The vehicle battery module 1 has a width B, wherein the temperature within the Tempe rierungsraumes 2 in the transverse direction is almost constant, ie, the battery cells 6 on the sides of the temperature control chamber 2 have almost the same temperature as the Batteriezel sources 6 in the middle of Temperierungsraumes second

Fig. 8 shows schematically a temperature management system TMS according to another aspect of the invention for temperature control of vehicle battery modules 1. In the dargestell th in Fig. 8 embodiment, two vehicle battery modules 1-1, 1-2 are shown, each having a structure according to the invention, by way of example is shown in Figures 1 to 4. The temperature management system TMS according to the invention has in the illustrated embodiment a central The control unit 8 keeps the operating temperature T of the battery cells 6 within the various vehicle battery modules 1 in an optimally adapted to the respective load condition temperature range and simultaneously minimizes the temperature gradient between the battery cells 6 of the various Fahrzeugbat teriemodule 1. The two vehicle battery modules 1-1, 1-2 are each seated a controllable flow control valve 9-1, 9-

2 which regulates a mass flow m _F 'of the fuel F flowing through the vehicle battery 1. The two flow control valves 9-1, 9-2, as shown in FIG. 8, are controlled by the control computer 8 via a control line. Furthermore, the two vehicle battery module modules 1-1, 1-2 each have a flow measuring unit 10 - 1, 10 - 2, which measures a mass flow m _F 'of the fluid flow through the vehicle battery module 1. Furthermore ver adds each vehicle battery module 1-1, 1-2 in the dargestell th embodiment via an associated temperature sensor 11-1, 11-2. The temperature sensors 11-1, 11-2 measure an outflow temperature T _ab of the fluid F flowing out of the vehicle battery modules 1-1, 1-2. In addition, the temperature management system TMS in the exemplary embodiment illustrated uses a further temperature sensor 11.

3 which measures an inflow temperature T _to of the fluid F flowing into the vehicle battery modules 1-1, 1-2. The various vehicle battery modules 1-1, 1-2 have a common fluid supply line 12 and a common fluid discharge line 13, as shown in Fig. 8. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 8, the flow control valves 9-1, 9-2 the output side to the Fahrzeugbatteriemodu len 1-1, 1-2 provided, ie on the side of the fluid discharge line 13. Alternatively, the flow control valves 9-1, 9-2 also on the input side, ie on the side of the fluid supply line 12, be provided. The temperature sensors 11-1, 11-2, 11-3 of the vehicle battery modules 1-1, 1-2 and the flow measuring units 10-1, 10-2 are connected in the illustrated embodiment, for example, with the control unit 8 of the Temperaturmanagementsys tems TMS. The control unit 8 calculates based on the sensor-detected flow temperature T _increases and the senso driven detected outflow temperature _T, and based on the detected mass flow m _F 'of the flowing through the vehicle battery module 1-i fluid F is a current of heat Q of the relevant vehicle battery module 1-i.

Q _n ~ T _in X mi _n where Q _{n is} the heat released from the module,

Ti _{n is} the temperature at the outlet of the nth module and

m _in the mass flow of the module is n, and

where Ti _{n is} constantly in the optimum range.

Each vehicle battery module 1-i is connected via a connected to an inlet opening of the vehicle battery module 1 fluid supply line 12 via a connected to the outlet opening of the vehicle battery module 1 fluid discharge line 13 with a mixing valve 14 of a circuit in which the fluid F, for example water , circulates. The mixing valve 14 is controlled by the control unit 8 of the temperature management system TMS depending on the calculated heat output of Fahrzeugbat teriemoduls 1-i and the respective operating state ent speaking optimal temperature for temperature control of the Batte riezellen 6 of the respective vehicle battery module 1-i ge. The flow control valve 9 of the Fahrzeugbatteriemo module 1 and / or an associated pump 15 of the Kreislau fes is to compensate for temperature differences between the vehicle battery module 1 and other parallel arrange th vehicle battery modules by the control unit 8 in Ab-. dependence of measured by the flow measuring unit 10 of the driving convincing battery module 1 mass flow of flowing through the vehicle battery module 1 fluid F control bar. As shown in Fig. 8, the vehicle battery module 1 is provided with other similar constructed Fahrzeugbatteriemo modules in parallel in a circuit. This circuit comprises a fluid tank 16 with a predetermined Volu men for receiving a certain amount of the fluid F, which circulates through the parallel arranged vehicle battery modules 1 of the vehicle battery FB in the cycle. The fluid tank 16 is used for example for receiving a certain amount of a liquid, in particular water. The discharged from the various vehicle battery modules 1-i fluid F passes through the mixing valve 14 to an input 17 of the Flu idtanks 16. The fluid tank 16 has an output 18 through which the fluid F via the mixing valve 14 to the fluid supply line 12 of the circuit arrives. The pump 15 of the circuit run ensures that the fluid F circulates within the Kreislau fes and the various vehicle battery modules 1-i of the vehicle battery FB flows through. The fluid tank 16 be sitting in the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 egg nen own temperature sensor 11-4, which reports the temperature of the fluid in the fluid tank 16 fluid F to the Steuerein unit 8 of the temperature management system TMS.

The control unit 8 of the temperature management system TMS, in one possible embodiment, the cells located in the temperature control room 2 of a vehicle battery module 1 cells 6 set for a current and / or for an expected future operating condition of an electric vehicle to a suitable temperature. In one possible embodiment, the control unit 8 located in the Tempe rierungsraum 2 of a vehicle battery module 1 Battery cells 6 to a suitable charging temperature for zügi conditions charging the battery cells 6 within a given nen short charging period and varies this temperature during the charging process to achieve a maximum uptake of electrical charge over time. This loading period is for example less than ten minutes. Furthermore, the control unit 8 can be located in the tempering chamber 2 of the vehicle battery module 1 Batteriezel len 6 to a suitable discharge temperature for rapid Entla the battery cells 6 set within a short discharge time space. For this purpose, the control computer 8 controls the mixing valve 14 and / or the pump 15 of the fluid circuit. With the aid of the mixing valve 14, the fluid F flowing out via the fluid outlet 13 can either be introduced into the fluid tank 16 or at least partially returned directly to the fluid supply line 12. This can be achieved in example that the inflow temperature T _to the len through the fluid supply line 12 to the Fahrzeugbatteriemodu len 1-1, 1-2 reaching fluid F is set to a certain ge desired temperature. In another possible union embodiment, an electric heater is provided on the fluid supply line 12, which len in addition to Temperie located in the temperature control chamber 2 Batteriezel 6 is controlled by the control unit 8.

The control unit 8 of the temperature management system TMS of the vehicle battery FB can pre-heat the battery cells located in the Temperierungsraum 2 of the vehicle battery module 1 6 by controlling the Mischven tils 14, the pump 15 and / or provided on the respective driving tool battery module 1 electric heating in such a possible execution space in that an operating temperature of the vehicle battery module 1 monitored by the control unit 8 is reached in the event of chen a charging station of a predetermined nominal charging start temperature T ₀ corresponds. In one possible embodiment, the temperature management system TMS, in particular its control computer 8, is connected to a navigation unit of the electric vehicle and receives data or information as to when a charging station for charging the vehicle battery modules 1 of the vehicle battery FB is expected to be reached by the electric vehicle. In this case, the vehicle battery modules 1 are preheated by controlling the mixing valve 14, the pump 15 and possibly existing heating elements in ge suitable manner, so that the Fahrzeugbatteriemo module 1 of the vehicle battery FB already have an optimal La destarttemperatur as soon as the electric vehicle arrives at the charging station. It is thus made in advance in this embodiment, a pre-conditioning of the battery cells 6 within the vehicle battery modules 1, so that they have an optimal or ideal charging start temperature when it is started with the electrical charging at the charging station. As a result, the charging time for charging the vehicle battery modules 1-i within the vehicle battery FB can be significantly reduced. In one possible embodiment, a short charging period of less than ten minutes is achieved for charging the vehicle battery modules 1-i. In one possible embodiment, the charging time for charging a vehicle battery module 1 is less than eight minutes.

The vehicle battery FB according to the invention for an electric vehicle has several integrated vehicle battery modules 1-i, which are flowed through in parallel in a common circuit by a circulating fluid F. The number of parallel arranged vehicle battery modules 1-i inner half of the circuit may vary depending on the application. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8, the operating temperature of the battery cells 6 within the vehicle battery modules 1-i is kept within a predetermined optimum temperature range by a vehicle battery temperature management system TMS, preferably at the same time the temperature gradients between the battery cells 6 and / or the vehicle battery modules 1-i are kept minimal by the control computer 8 of the temperature management system TMS. The control computer 8 of the temperature management system TMS can be connected, for example via a vehicle bus with other units of the electric vehicle, in particular a navigation unit of the electric vehicle. In a further possible embodiment, the control unit 8 of the temperature management system TMS is additionally connected to a battery management system BMS of the vehicle battery FB via an interface. The battery management system BMS of the electric vehicle monitors charging and discharging operations of the vehicle battery modules 1-i. For example, the battery management system BMS protects the various vehicle battery modules 1-i of the vehicle battery FB against over-charging or discharging. In one possible embodiment, the battery management system BMS of the vehicle battery FB is connected to the control computer 8 of the temperature management system TMS of the vehicle battery FB via a data interface so that the battery management system BMS and the temperature management system TMS of the vehicle battery FB can communicate with each other or exchange data. The data exchange serves to reduce the charging time by an optimum choice of temperature and charging voltage, or to optimally design the energy yield in the discharge trap over the entire discharge time. As shown in FIG. 8, the fluid tank 16 in one possible embodiment additionally has optional ports 19, 20 which permit external cooling or heating of the fluid F in the fluid tank 16. For example, the charging station for electrically charging the vehicle battery modules 1-i can additionally be equipped with an aggregate which supplies a cooled or heated fluid F to the fluid tank 16 after connection to the unit in order to increase the temperature of the fluid F within the fluid tank 16 change. For example, if the temperature of the fluid F contained in the fluid tank 16 is above a threshold value, the temperature of the fluid F within the fluid tank 16 can be reduced within a relatively short period of time after the external cooling by means of the external cooling unit, to provide a suitable operating temperature for to reach the battery cells 6.

FIG. 9 schematically shows a vehicle battery FB which is installed in a vehicle frame 21 of a vehicle and which comprises a plurality of vehicle battery modules 1-i. 9, the vehicle battery FB comprises 4 × 8 = 32 vehicle battery modules 1-i. Each vehicle battery module 1 preferably has four groups of 38 battery cells 6, ie 152 battery cells 6. The vehicle battery FB, as shown in Fig. 9, thus contains a total of 4,484 battery cells 6. These battery cells 6 are, for example, lithium-ion battery cells. The vehicle battery FB of the electric vehicle shown in FIG. 9 can preferably be charged to a load of less than ten minutes due to the special design of the vehicle battery modules 1-i contained therein, up to the selected optimum state of charge. FIGS. 10, 11 show exemplary embodiments of vehicle battery modules 1-i from above and below. Fig. 10 shows a view of an embodiment of a vehicle battery module 1 from above with five electrical circuit boards for Kontaktie tion of the battery cells contained therein 6. Fig. 11 shows a bottom view of an embodiment of a vehicle battery module 1 with four separate copper sheets for contacting the therein or interconnected Batte riezellen 6.

The temperature management system according to the invention TMS allows temperature control of the battery cells 6 in a wide appli cation spectrum, especially at high operating requirements, in particular fast charging, or at a pass of the electric vehicle. The vehicle battery FB is modular and has a plurality of vehicle battery modules 1-i. This allows an exchange of individual vehicle battery modules 1-i, if they are defective. The vehicle battery modules 1-i are configured such that electric vehicles can be offered for different applications using the vehicle-mounted battery modules 1-i similarly constructed. Alternatively, the same electric vehicles may be equipped with different vehicle battery modules and easily adapted to different requirements due to the modular structure. The vehicle battery temperature management system TMS according to the invention can be coupled to an existing battery management system BMS. In addition, the temperature management system TMS can be additionally connected to further control units of the electric vehicle via a vehicle bus, in particular with egg ner navigation unit of the electric vehicle. As shown in Fig. 8, the various vehicle battery modules 1-i by means of a hose to a fluid supply line 12 and be connected to a fluid discharge line 13. A temperature sensor measures the temperature T _{ab of} the outflowing fluid F per vehicle battery module 1. The temperature of the inflowing fluid F can be measured centrally by a temperature sensor or temperature sensor 11-3. The temperature in the fluid or storage tank 16 is measured by means of a temperature sensor or temperature sensor 11-4. Each vehicle battery module 1 in one possible embodiment has a flow control valve 9 and a flow meter 10. The control unit 8 calculates the current heat output of each vehicle battery module 1 from the inflow and outflow temperature and the mass flow of the fluid F and regulates the appropriate valve via the mixing valve 14 Inflow temperature T _to , in order to decrease or supply the amount of heat of the vehicle battery modules 1 in the range of permissible Fens age of the operating temperature. Dif ferenzen between the vehicle battery modules 1-i are controlled by a reduction or increase in the mass flow per vehicle battery module 1 by the control unit 8. For this purpose, the mass flowing through can be determined and adjusted by means of a throttle or a controllable pump can be activated. When using a throttle, the pump power can be prepared by the centrally controllable pump 15 bereitge. The fluid tank 16 can be connected via the external con nection 19, 20 to an external or alternatively in the driving convincing itself located cooling and heating circuit. The fluid tank 16 is preferably self-exchangeable.

The vehicle battery module 1 according to the invention and the vehicle battery FB according to the invention and the temperature management system TMS according to the invention are suitable for different electric vehicles, in particular electric road vehicles, in particular cars and trucks. Vehicle battery modules 1 according to the invention and the vehicle battery FB according to the invention and the temperature management system TMS according to the invention are also used for other applications in which vehicle batteries are used, for example electrically powered watercraft or aircraft.

Claims

1. Vehicle battery module (1) for a vehicle battery (FB) of an electric vehicle, with a Temperierungsraum (2) for receiving and fixing therein inserted rechargeable ble battery cells (6) whose lateral surfaces of a through the Temperierungsraum (2) flowing through fluid (F) for homogeneous temperature control of the battery cells (6) are flowed around homogeneously,

wherein the Temperierungsraum (2) via connection openings (5) with an inlet chamber (3) of the Fahrzeugbatteriemo module (1) is connected, which the voltage via an inlet opening (4) of the vehicle battery module (1) spatially distributed fluid (F) spatially distributed before it through the Verbindungsöff openings (5) in the temperature control chamber (2) of the Fahrzeugbat teriemoduls (1) passes.

2. Vehicle battery module according to claim 1,

wherein the Temperierungsraum (2) of the Fahrzeugbatteriemo module (1) via connection openings (5) with an outlet chamber of the vehicle battery module (1) is connected, wel che from the Temperierungsraum (2) of the vehicle battery riemoduls (1) merging fluid (F) merges and via an outlet opening of the vehicle battery module (1) emits.

3. Vehicle battery module according to claim 1 or 2,

with at least one of an electrically insulating material receiving grid (7), which has a lot of number of uniformly spaced receiving openings.

4. Vehicle battery module according to one of the preceding claims to 1 to 3,

wherein the connection openings (5) between the tempering chamber (2) of the vehicle battery module (1) and the inlet chamber and / or the outlet chamber of the Fahrzeugbat teriemoduls (1) have a plurality of slots spaced such that the flow behind all Batte riezellen (6) flows around evenly.

5. Vehicle battery module according to one of the preceding An

Proverbs 1 to 4,

wherein the Bat in the Temperierungsraum (2) used teriezellen (6) for their fixation and for sealing the Temperierungsraumes (2) with a thermosetting resin mass, in particular Glasfaserepoxidharz, encapsulated, which is thermally conductive and electrically insulating.

6. Vehicle battery module according to claim 5,

wherein the inserted battery cells (6) each have two opposite electrical poles, which are embedded in the cured resin composition and protrude therefrom, wherein first poles of the battery cells (6) in groups with a first conductive plate, in particular a copper sheet, and second poles of the battery cell Groups (6) in groups with a second electrical Plat te, in particular a copper sheet, are connected in parallel or serial circuit.

7. Vehicle battery module according to one of the preceding An

Claims 1 to 6, wherein the vehicle battery module (1) comprises: a flow control valve (9) having a mass flow, m _F 'by controls the vehicle battery module (1) through flowing fluid (F),

a flow measuring unit (10) measuring a mass flow, m _F ', of the fluid (F) passing through the vehicle battery module (1), and

Temperature sensors (11), which an inflow temperature,

T _on, of the vehicle battery module (1) in flow _from the fluid (F) and / or a discharge temperature, T, of the battery from the vehicle module (1) also flowing fluid (F) measured.

8. Vehicle battery module according to claim 7,

wherein the temperature sensors (11) of the Fahrzeugbatteriemo module (1) and the flow measuring unit (10) of the vehicle battery module (1) with a control unit (8) are connected, based on the sensory detected inflow temperature, T _to , and the sensory detected Abflussem temperature, T _down, and based on the sensed mass flow, m _F ', of by the vehicle battery module (1) towards a fluid flowing through (F) an actual heat output, Q', of the vehicle battery module (1).

9. Vehicle battery module according to one of the preceding An

Proverbs 1 to 8,

wherein the vehicle battery module (1) has a fluid supply line (12) connected to the inlet opening of the vehicle battery module (1) and a fluid discharge line (13) connected to the outlet opening of the vehicle battery module (1) with a mixing valve (14) of a circuit connected in which the fluid circulates,

wherein the mixing valve (14) is controlled by the control unit (8) as a function of the calculated heat output, Q ', of the driving battery module (1) for tempering the Batteriezel len (6) of the vehicle battery module (1) is controllable.

10. Vehicle battery module according to claim 9,

wherein the flow control valve (9) of the vehicle battery module (1) and / or an associated pump (15) to compensate for temperature differences between the vehicle battery module (1) and other parallel arranged vehicle battery modules (1 ') by the control unit (8). in dependence of the through the flow measuring unit (10) of the vehicle battery module (1) measured mass flow, m _F ', by the vehicle battery module (1) flowing through the fluid (F) is controllable.

11. Vehicle battery module according to one of the preceding An

Proverbs 1 to 10,

wherein the vehicle battery module (1) is provided with further identically constructed vehicle battery modules in parallel in egg nem circuit having a fluid tank (16) with a predetermined volume for receiving a certain amount of the fluid (F), which by the parallel vehicle battery modules ( 1) circulates in the circulation.

12. Vehicle battery module according to claim 11,

wherein at the fluid tank (16) at least one temperature sensor (11-4) is provided, which reports the temperature of the in the fluid tank (16) located fluid (F) to the control unit (8).

13. Vehicle battery module according to one of the preceding An

Proverbs 1 to 12, wherein the fluid (F) comprises a liquid, in particular water, or a gas, in particular air.

14. Vehicle battery module according to one of the preceding claims to 1 to 13,

wherein the temperature control chamber (2) of the Fahrzeugbatteriemo module (1) has a venting device for venting.

15. Vehicle battery module according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 14,

wherein in the vehicle battery module (1) a sensor for measuring an electric potential of the space in the Tempe (2) located fluid (F) with respect to egg NEN of the electrical poles of the battery cells (6) is vorgese hen.

16. Vehicle battery module according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 15,

wherein a control unit (8) in the temperature control chamber (2) of the vehicle battery module (1) located battery cells (6) for a momentarily and / or waiting for a future operating state of an electric train tool sets to an optimal temperature.

17. Vehicle battery module according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 16,

wherein a control unit (8) located in the temperature control chamber (2) of the vehicle battery module (1) battery cells (6) to a suitable charging temperature for rapid charging of the battery cells (6) within a pre-specified short charging period of preferably less than 10 minutes or to a suitable discharge temperature for rapid discharge of the battery cells (6) within a short discharge period by controlling the Mischven tils (14) and / or a pump (15) of the circuit before tempered or adjusts and one the charging or Entla dezeit optimizing temperature throughout the loading or unloading process.

18. Vehicle battery module according to one of the preceding An

Proverbs 1 to 17,

wherein the vehicle battery module (1) has an attached to the fluid supply line (12) electrical heating, the unit for controlling the temperature in the temperature control chamber (2) battery cells (6) by a Steuerein (8) can be controlled.

19. Vehicle battery module according to one of the preceding An

Proverbs 1 to 18,

wherein the control unit (8) located in the temperature control chamber (2) of the vehicle battery module (1) battery cells (6) by controlling the mixing valve (14), a pump (15) and / or provided on the vehicle battery module (1) electric heater so vorterpe voriert that by the control unit (8) monitored operating temperature of the vehicle battery module (1) in He rich a charging station corresponds to a predetermined desired charging start temperature.

20. Vehicle battery module according to one of the preceding An

Proverbs 1 to 19,

wherein the lateral surfaces of the battery cells (6) are each provided with an insulating protective lacquer for electrical insulation lierung against the fluid flowing around them (F) and / or coated to protect against corrosion.

21. Vehicle battery (FB) for an electric vehicle with several integrated vehicle battery modules (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 20, which are flowed through in a common circuit in parallel by a circulating fluid therein (F).

22. Temperature management system (TMS) for vehicle battery modules (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 20 with a control unit (8), the operating temperature of the battery cells (6) within the vehicle battery riemodule (1) in one of the respective Charging and loading case as well as the cell chemistry optimally adapted Tempe raturbereich holds and / or minimizes temperature gradients between the battery cells (6).

23. Temperature Management System (TMS) according to claim 22, wherein the control unit (8) has a connection to a Batte Riemanagementsystem, BMS, and the Betriebstempe rature of the battery cells (6) within the vehicle battery riemodule (1) in a predetermined and / or the respective charge and load case as well as the cell chemistry optimally adapted temperature range holds and the Tempe raturverlauf together with the charging voltage to the maximum fast charge to maximum capacity of Fahrzeugbat teriemoduls (1) optimized.