WO2019160816A1

WO2019160816A1 - User equipments, base stations and methods

Info

Publication number: WO2019160816A1
Application number: PCT/US2019/017504
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jia SHENG; Tatsushi Aiba
Original assignee: Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc.; FG Innovation Company Limited
Priority date: 2018-02-15
Filing date: 2019-02-11
Publication date: 2019-08-22

Abstract

A user equipment (UE) is described. The UE includes receiving circuitry configured to receive a Random Access Response message (Msg2) scrambled by a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI). The RA-RNTI is computed based on a time resource and a frequency resource utilized for Random Access Preamble transmission. The time resource is determined by a number of slots, which depends on a subcarrier spacing (SCS) used.

Description

USER EQUIPMENTS, BASE STATIONS AND METHODS

RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is related to and claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/631,377, entitled“USER EQUIPMENTS, BASE STATIONS AND METHODS,” filed on February 15, 2018, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to new signaling, procedures, user equipment (UE) and base stations for user equipments, base stations and methods.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Wireless communication devices have become smaller and more powerful in order to meet consumer needs and to improve portability and convenience. Consumers have become dependent upon wireless communication devices and have come to expect reliable service, expanded areas of coverage and increased functionality. A wireless communication system may provide communication for a number of wireless communication devices, each of which may be serviced by a base station. A base station may be a device that communicates with wireless communication devices.

[0004] As wireless communication devices have advanced, improvements in communication capacity, speed, flexibility and/or efficiency have been sought. However, improving communication capacity, speed, flexibility and/or efficiency may present certain problems.

[0005] For example, wireless communication devices may communicate with one or more devices using a communication structure. However, the communication structure used may only offer limited flexibility and/or efficiency. As illustrated by this discussion, systems and methods that improve communication flexibility and/or efficiency may be beneficial.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of one or more base stations (gNBs) and one or more user equipments (UEs) in which systems and methods for downlink and/or uplink (re)transmissions may be implemented;

[0007] Figure 2 shows examples of multiple numerologies;

[0008] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating one example of a resource grid and resource block for the downlink and/or the uplink;

[0009] Figure 4 shows examples of resource regions;

[0010] Figure 5 illustrates an example of the downlink and/or uplink transmissions;

[0011] Figure 6 illustrates various components that may be utilized in a UE;

[0012] Figure 7 illustrates various components that may be utilized in a gNB;

[0013] Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a UE in which systems and methods for downlink and/or uplink (re)transmissions may be implemented;

[0014] Figure 9 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a gNB in which systems and methods for downlink and/or uplink (re)transmissions may be implemented;

[0015] Figure 10 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a gNB; and

[0016] Figure 11 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a UE.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] A user equipment (UE) is described. The UE includes receiving circuitry configured to receive a Random Access Response message (Msg2) scrambled by a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI). The RA-RNTI is computed based on a time resource and a frequency resource utilized for Random Access Preamble transmission. The time resource is determined by a number of slots, which depends on a subcarrier spacing (SCS) used.

[0018] A base station apparatus (gNB) is also described. The gNB includes transmitting circuitry configured to transmit a Random Access Response message (Msg2) scrambled by a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI). The RA- RNTI is computed based on a time resource and a frequency resource utilized for Random Access Preamble transmission. The time resource is determined by a number of slots, which depends on a subcarrier spacing (SCS) used.

[0019] A communication method of a user equipment (UE) is also described. The method includes receiving a Random Access Response message (Msg2) scrambled by a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI). The RA-RNTI is computed based on a time resource and a frequency resource utilized for Random Access Preamble transmission. The time resource is determined by a number of slots, which depends on a subcarrier spacing (SCS) used.

[0020] A communication method of a base station apparatus (gNB) is also described. The method includes transmitting a Random Access Response message (Msg2) scrambled by a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI). The RA- RNTI is computed based on a time resource and a frequency resource utilized for Random Access Preamble transmission. The time resource is determined by a number of slots, which depends on a subcarrier spacing (SCS) used.

[0021] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project, also referred to as“3GPP,” is a collaboration agreement that aims to define globally applicable technical specifications and technical reports for third and fourth generation wireless communication systems. The 3GPP may define specifications for next generation mobile networks, systems and devices.

[0022] 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the name given to a project to improve the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile phone or device standard to cope with future requirements. In one aspect, UMTS has been modified to provide support and specification for the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E- UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN).

[0023] At least some aspects of the systems and methods disclosed herein may be described in relation to the 3GPP LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and other standards (e.g., 3GPP Releases 8, 9, 10, 11 and/or 12). However, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited in this regard. At least some aspects of the systems and methods disclosed herein may be utilized in other types of wireless communication systems.

[0024] A wireless communication device may be an electronic device used to communicate voice and/or data to a base station, which in turn may communicate with a network of devices (e.g., public switched telephone network (PSTN), the Internet, etc.). In describing systems and methods herein, a wireless communication device may alternatively be referred to as a mobile station, a UE, an access terminal, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a remote station, a user terminal, a terminal, a subscriber unit, a mobile device, etc. Examples of wireless communication devices include cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), laptop computers, netbooks, e- readers, wireless modems, etc. In 3GPP specifications, a wireless communication device is typically referred to as a UE. However, as the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the 3GPP standards, the terms“UE” and“wireless communication device” may be used interchangeably herein to mean the more general term“wireless communication device.” A UE may also be more generally referred to as a terminal device.

[0025] In 3 GPP specifications, a base station is typically referred to as a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a home enhanced or evolved Node B (HeNB) or some other similar terminology. As the scope of the disclosure should not be limited to 3GPP standards, the terms“base station,”“Node B,”“eNB,”“gNB” and“HeNB” may be used interchangeably herein to mean the more general term“base station.” Furthermore, the term“base station” may be used to denote an access point. An access point may be an electronic device that provides access to a network (e.g., Local Area Network (LAN), the Internet, etc.) for wireless communication devices. The term“communication device” may be used to denote both a wireless communication device and/or a base station. An eNB may also be more generally referred to as a base station device.

[0026] It should be noted that as used herein, a“cell” may be any communication channel that is specified by standardization or regulatory bodies to be used for International Mobile Telecommunications- Advanced (IMT-Advanced) and all of it or a subset of it may be adopted by 3GPP as licensed bands (e.g., frequency bands) to be used for communication between an eNB and a UE. It should also be noted that in E-UTRA and E-UTRAN overall description, as used herein, a “cell” may be defined as “combination of downlink and optionally uplink resources.” The linking between the carrier frequency of the downlink resources and the carrier frequency of the uplink resources may be indicated in the system information transmitted on the downlink resources.

[0027] The 5th generation communication systems, dubbed NR (New Radio technologies) by 3GPP, envision the use of time/frequency/space resources to allow for services, such as eMBB (enhanced Mobile Broad-Band) transmission, URLLC (Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communication) transmission, and eMTC (massive Machine Type Communication) transmission. Also, in NR, one or more bandwidth parts (BWPs) may be specified (e.g., configured) for a serving cell. A user equipment (UE) may receive a downlink signal(s) in the BWP(s) of the serving cell. Also, the UE may transmit an uplink signal(s) in the BWP(s) of the serving cell.

[0028] In order for the services to use the time, frequency, and/or space resources efficiently, it would be useful to be able to efficiently control downlink and/or uplink transmissions. Therefore, a procedure for efficient control of downlink and/or uplink transmissions should be designed. However, the detailed design of a procedure for downlink and/or uplink transmissions has not been studied yet.

[0029] In some approaches, a UE may receive a radio resource control (RRC) message including information used for configuring more than one periodicities, wherein each of the more than one periodicities are corresponding to each of more than one uplink bandwidth parts (UL BWPs). Also, the UE may receive on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a downlink control information format used for scheduling of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), wherein the downlink control information format being used for activating one UL BWP among the more than one UL BWPs. And, the UE may perform, based on a periodicity among the more than one periodicities, an uplink transmission on the PUSCH in the activated one UL BWP, wherein the periodicity among the more than one periodicities is determined based on the activated one UL BWP in which the uplink transmission is performed on the PUSCH.

[0030] Various examples of the systems and methods disclosed herein are now described with reference to the Figures, where like reference numbers may indicate functionally similar elements. The systems and methods as generally described and illustrated in the Figures herein could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different implementations. Thus, the following more detailed description of several implementations, as represented in the Figures, is not intended to limit scope, as claimed, but is merely representative of the systems and methods.

[0031] Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of one or more gNBs 160 and one or more UEs 102 in which systems and methods for downlink and/or uplink (re)transmissions may be implemented. The one or more UEs 102 communicate with one or more gNBs 160 using one or more physical antennas 122a-n. For example, a UE 102 transmits electromagnetic signals to the gNB 160 and receives electromagnetic signals from the gNB 160 using the one or more physical antennas l22a-n. The gNB 160 communicates with the UE 102 using one or more physical antennas 180a-n. In some implementations, the term“base station,”“eNB,” and/or“gNB” may refer to and/or may be replaced by the term“Transmission Reception Point (TRP).” For example, the gNB 160 described in connection with Figure 1 may be a TRP in some implementations.

[0032] The UE 102 and the gNB 160 may use one or more channels and/or one or more signals 119, 121 to communicate with each other. For example, the UE 102 may transmit information or data to the gNB 160 using one or more uplink channels 121. Examples of uplink channels 121 include a physical shared channel (e.g., PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)) and/or a physical control channel (e.g., PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)), and/or a supplementary physical shared channel (e.g., PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)) and/or a supplementary physical control channel (e.g., PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel))etc. The one or more gNBs 160 may also transmit information or data to the one or more UEs 102 using one or more downlink channels 119, for instance. Examples of downlink channels 119 physical shared channel (e.g., PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and/or a physical control channel (PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)), etc. Other kinds of channels and/or signals may be used.

[0033] Each of the one or more UEs 102 may include one or more transceivers 118, one or more demodulators 114, one or more decoders 108, one or more encoders 150, one or more modulators 154, a data buffer 104 and a UE operations module 124. For example, one or more reception and/or transmission paths may be implemented in the UE 102. For convenience, only a single transceiver 118, decoder 108, demodulator 114, encoder 150 and modulator 154 are illustrated in the UE 102, though multiple parallel elements (e.g., transceivers 118, decoders 108, demodulators 114, encoders 150 and modulators 154) may be implemented.

[0034] The transceiver 118 may include one or more receivers 120 and one or more transmitters 158. The one or more receivers 120 may receive signals from the gNB 160 using one or more antennas l22a-n. For example, the receiver 120 may receive and downconvert signals to produce one or more received signals 116. The one or more received signals 116 may be provided to a demodulator 114. The one or more transmitters 158 may tran mit signals to the gNB 160 using one or more physical antennas l22a-n. For example, the one or more transmitters 158 may upconvert and transmit one or more modulated signals 156.

[0035] The demodulator 114 may demodulate the one or more received signals 116 to produce one or more demodulated signals 112. The one or more demodulated signals 112 may be provided to the decoder 108. The UE 102 may use the decoder 108 to decode signals. The decoder 108 may produce decoded signals 110, which may include a UE- decoded signal 106 (also referred to as a first UE-decoded signal 106). For example, the first UE-decoded signal 106 may comprise received payload data, which may be stored in a data buffer 104. Another signal included in the decoded signals 110 (also referred to as a second UE-decoded signal 110) may comprise overhead data and/or control data. For example, the second UE-decoded signal 110 may provide data that may be used by the UE operations module 124 to perform one or more operations.

[0036] In general, the UE operations module 124 may enable the UE 102 to communicate with the one or more gNBs 160. The UE operations module 124 may include one or more of a UE scheduling module 126.

[0037] The UE scheduling module 126 may perform downlink reception(s) and uplink transmission(s). The downlink reception(s) include reception of data, reception of downlink control information, and/or reception of downlink reference signals. Also, the uplink transmissions include transmission of data, transmission of uplink control information, and/or transmission of uplink reference signals.

[0038] In a radio communication system, physical channels (uplink/supplementary uplink physical channels and/or downlink physical channels) may be defined. The physical channels (uplink/ supplementary uplink physical channels and/or downlink physical channels) may be used for transmitting information that is delivered from a higher layer.

[0039] For example, in uplink, a PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) may be defined. For instance, the PRACH may be used for a random access preamble (e.g., a message 1 (Msg.l)) transmission in a random access procedure. Here, the random access procedure may include a contention based random access procedure (e.g., a CBRA procedure) and/or a non-contention based random access procedure (e.g., a contention free random access procedure (e.g., a CFRA procedure)). In some approaches, the PRACH (e.g., the random access procedure) may be used for an initial access connection establishment procedure, a handover procedure, a connection re-establishment, a timing adjustment (e.g., a synchronization for an uplink transmission, for UL synchronization) and/or for requesting an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) resource (e.g., the uplink PSCH (e.g., PUSCH) resource). [0040] In another example, a PCCH (Physical Control Channel) may be defined. The PCCH may be used to transmit control information. In uplink, PCCH (e.g., Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)) is used for transmitting Uplink Control Information (UCI). The UCI may include Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ-ACK), channel state information (CSI) and/or a scheduling request (SR). The HARQ-ACK is used for indicating a positive acknowledgement (ACK) or a negative acknowledgment (NACK) for downlink data (e.g., Transport block(s), Medium Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MAC PDU) and/or Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)). The CSI is used for indicating state of downlink channel (e.g., a downlink signal(s)). Here, the CSI reporting may be periodic and/or aperiodic. Also, the SR is used for requesting resources of uplink data (e.g., Transport block(s), MAC PDU and/or Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)).

[0041] Here, the DL-SCH and/or the UL-SCH may be a transport channel that is used in the MAC layer. Also, a transport block(s) (TB(s)) and/or a MAC PDU may be defined as a unit(s) of the transport channel used in the MAC layer. For example, control, management, and/or process of HARQ may be performed, in the MAC layer, per the transport block. The transport block may be defined as a unit of data delivered from the MAC layer to the physical layer. The MAC layer may deliver the transport block to the physical layer (i.e., the MAC layer delivers the data as the transport block to the physical layer). In the physical layer, the transport block may be mapped to one or more codewords.

[0042] In downlink, the PCCH (e.g., Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) may be used for transmitting downlink control information (DCI). Here, more than one DCI format may be defined (e.g., configured) for DCI transmission on the PCCH. Namely, fields may be defined in the DCI format, and the fields are mapped to the information bits (e.g., DCI bits).

[0043] For example, a DCI format 1, a DCI format 1A, a DCI format 2, and/or a DCI format 2A that are used for scheduling of downlink physical shared channel(s) in a cell may be defined as the DCI format for the downlink. Here, the DCI format 1, the DCI format 1A, the DCI format 2, and/or the DCI format 2A described herein may be assumed to be included in a DCI format A in some implementations for the sake of simplifying description. Also, a DCI format X and/or a DCI format Y that are used for scheduling of downlink physical channel(s) in a cell may be defined as the DCI format (e.g., a fallback DCI format) for the downlink. Here, the DCI format X and/or the DCI format Y described herein may be assumed to be included in a DCI format B in some implementations for the sake of simplifying descriptions. Also, DCI format Z and/or a DCI format K that are used for activating, deactivating, and/or switching a serving cell(s) (e.g., one or more secondary cell(s), one or more downlink secondary cells, and/or one or more secondary downlink component carriers) and/or a bandwidth part(s) (e.g., one or more DL BWP(s)) may be defined as the DCI format for the downlink. Here, the DCI format Z and/or the DCI format K described herein may be assumed to be included in a DCI format C in some implementations for the sake of simplifying descriptions.

[0044] Also, a DCI format 0, and/or a DCI format 4 that are used for scheduling of uplink physical shared channel(s) in a cell may be defined as the DCI format for the uplink. Here, the DCI format 0, and/or the DCI format 4 described herein may be assumed to be included in a DCI format D in some implementations for the sake of simplifying description. Also, a DCI format L and/or a DCI format M that are used for scheduling of uplink physical channel(s) in a cell may be defined as the DCI format (e.g., a fallback DCI format) for the uplink. Here, the DCI format L and/or the DCI format M described herein may be assumed to be included in a DCI format E in some implementations for the sake of simplifying descriptions. Also, a DCI format O and/or a DCI format P that are used for activating, deactivating, and/or switching a serving cell(s) (e.g., one or more secondary cell(s), one or more uplink secondary cells, and/or one or more secondary uplink component carriers) and/or a bandwidth part(s) (e.g., one or more UL BWP(s)) may be defined as the DCI format for the uplink. Here, the DCI format O and/or the DCI format P described herein may be assumed to be included in a DCI format F in some implementations for the sake of simplifying descriptions.

[0045] Here, as described above, a RNTI(s) assigned (e.g., by the gNB 160) to the UE 102 may be used for transmission of DCI (e.g., the DCI format(s), DL control channel(s) (e.g., the PDCCH(s)). Namely, CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) parity bits (also referred to simply as CRC), which are generated based on DCI, are attached to DCI, and, after attachment, the CRC parity bits are scrambled by the RNTI(s). The UE 102 may attempt to decode (e.g., blind decoding, monitor, detect) DCI to which the CRC parity bits scrambled by the RNTI(s) are attached. Namely, the UE 102 detects DL control channel (e.g., the PDCCH, the DCI, the DCI format(s)) based on the blind decoding. That is, the UE 102 may decode the DL control channel(s) with the CRC scrambled by the RNTI(s). In other words, the UE 102 may monitor the DL control channel(s) with the RNTI(s). Also, as described below, the UE 102 may detect the DCI format(s) in a USS (i.e., the CORESET of a USS (i.e., a UE-specific search space)) and/or a CSS (i.e., the CORESET of a CSS (i.e., a common search space, a UE-common search space)). Namely, the UE 102 may detect the DCI format(s) with the RNTI(s).

[0046] Here, the RNTI(s) may include C-RNTI (Cell-RNTI, a first C-RNTI), SPS C- RNTI (Semi-Persistent Scheduling C-RNTI, a second C-RNTI), CS-RNTI (Configured Scheduling C-RNTI), C-RNTI for the fallback DCI format(s) (e.g., a third C-RNTI for the DCI format B and/or the DCI format E), C-RNTI for the activating/deactivating/switching DCI format(s) (a fourth C-RNTI for the DCI format C and/or the DCI format F), SI-RNTI (System Information RNTI), P-RNTI (Paging RNTI), RA-RNTI (Random Access-RNTI), and/or Temporary C-RNTI.

[0047] For example, the C-RNTI may be a unique identification used for identifying a RRC connection and/or scheduling. Also, the SPS C-RNTI may be a unique identification used for semi-persistent scheduling. Also, the CS-RNTI may be a unique identification used for scheduling of transmission based on a configured grant. Also, the C-RNTI for the fallback DCI format(s) may be a unique identification used for scheduling by the fallback DCI format(s). Also, the C-RNTI for the activating/deactivating/switching DCI format(s) may be a unique identification used for scheduling by the DCI format(s) used for the activating/deactivating/switching of the serving cell(s) and/or the BWP(s) (e.g., the DL BWP(s) and/or the UL BWP(s)). Also, the SI-RNTI may be used for identifying SI (i.e., SI message) mapped on the BCCH and dynamically carried on DL-SCH. Also, the SI- RNTI may be used for broadcasting of SI. Also, the P-RNTI may be used for transmission of paging and/or SI change notification. Also, the RA-RNTI may be an identification used for the random access procedure. Also, the Temporary C-RNTI may be used for the random access procedure.

[0048] Also, for example, PSCH may be defined. For example, in a case that the downlink PSCH resource (e.g., the PDSCH, the PDSCH resource) is scheduled by using the DCI format(s), the UE 102 may receive the downlink data, on the scheduled downlink PSCH resource (e.g., the PDSCH, the PDSCH resource). Also, in a case that the uplink PSCH resource (e.g., the PUSCH, the PUSCH resource) is scheduled by using the DCI format(s), the UE 102 transmits the uplink data, on the scheduled uplink PSCH resource (e.g., the PUSCH, the PUSCH resource). Namely, the downlink PSCH may be used to transmit the downlink data (i.e., DU-SCH, a downlink transport block(s)). And, the uplink PSCH may be used to transmit the uplink data (i.e., UL-SCH, an uplink transport block(s)).

[0049] Furthermore, the downlink PSCH (e.g., the PDSCH) and/or the uplink PSCH (e.g., the PUSCH) may be used to transmit information of a higher layer (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC)) layer, and/or a MAC layer). For example, the downlink PSCH (i.e., from the gNB 160 to the UE 102) and/or the uplink PSCH (i.e., from the UE 102 to the gNB 160) may be used to transmit a RRC message (a RRC signal). Also, the downlink PSCH (i.e., from the gNB 160 to the UE 102) and/or the uplink PSCH (i.e., from the UE 102 to the gNB 160) may be used to transmit a MAC control element (a MAC CE). Here, the RRC message that is transmitted from the gNB 160 in downlink may be common to multiple UEs 102 (and/or multiple serving cells) within a cell (referred as a common RRC message). Also, the RRC message that is transmitted from the gNB 160 may be dedicated to a certain UE 102 (and/or a serving cell (i.e., a serving cell-dedicated)) (referred as a dedicated RRC message). The RRC message and/or the MAC CE are also referred to as a higher layer signal.

[0050] In some approaches, the downlink PSCH (e.g., the PDSCH) may be used for transmitting (e.g., notifying, specifying, identifying, etc.) a random access response (e.g., a message 2 (Msg.2)). For example, the downlink PSCH (e.g., the PDSCH) for the random access response may be scheduled by using the downlink PCCH (e.g., the PDCCH) with RA-RNTI (random access RNTI (radio network temporary identifier)). For instance, the random access response grant included in the random access response may be used for scheduling of the uplink PSCH (e.g., the PUSCH, a message 3 (Msg.3) in the random access procedure (e.g., the contention based random access procedure)). The random access response grant may be delivered from the higher layer (e.g., the MAC layer) to the physical layer.

[0051] In some approaches, a PBCH (physical broadcast channel, (e.g., primary PBCH)) may be defined. For example, the PBCH may be used for broadcasting the MTB (master information block). For instance, the MIB may be used by multiple UEs 102 and may include system information transmitted on the BCH (broadcast channel). Also, the MIB may include information (e.g., an information block) for configuring a secondary PBCH. Furthermore, the MIB may include information (e.g., an information block) for configuring the downlink PSCH (e.g., PDSCH). For example, the PBCH (e.g., MIB) may be used for carrying, at least, information indicating a SFN (system frame number).

[0052] Here, the system information may be divided into the MIB and a number of SIB(s) (system information block(s)). The MIB may include a limited number of most essential and/or most frequently transmitted information (e.g., parameter(s)) that are needed to acquire other information from the cell. Namely, the PBCH (e.g., MIB) may include minimum system information. Also, the SIB(s) may be carried in a system information message. For example, the SIB(s) may be transmitted on the secondary PBCH and/or the downlink PSCH (e.g., the PDSCH). The SIB(s) (e.g., System Information Block Type 1) may include remaining minimum system information (i.e., RMSI). For example, the SIB(s) (e.g., System Information Block Type 1) may contain radio resource configuration information that is common for multiple UEs 102.

[0053] In some approaches, the SIB(s) may contain information for a random access channel configuration (e.g., a random access configuration for a preamble format) that is used for the random access procedure (e.g., the random access preamble transmission (Msg.l transmission)). For example, the information for the random access configuration may include the preamble format, the SFN, a subframe number (e.g., a subframe number, a slot number and/or a symbol number). Also, a part of the information for the random access configuration may be included in the MIB (e.g., PBCH).

[0054] In some approaches, in downlink, a SS (Synchronization Signal) may be defined. The SS may be used for synchronizing downlink time-frequency (a time domain and/or a frequency domain). The SS may include a PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal). Additionally or alternatively, the SS may include a SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal). Here, an SS/PBCH block(s) may be defined (e.g., specified). For example, in the time domain, an SS/PBCH block may consist of 4 OFDM symbols, numbered in increasing order from 0 to 3 within the SS/PBCH block, where the PSS, the SSS and the PBCH, DM-RS associated with the PBCH are mapped to different symbols. Namely, the SS/PBCH block may consist of the PSS, the SSS, the PBCH, and/or the DM- RS associated with the PBCH. And, the UE 102 may assume that reception occasions of the PSS, the SSS, the PBCH, the DM-RS associated with the PBCH are in consecutive symbols. Also, for example, in the frequency domain, an SS/PBCH block consists 240 contiguous subcarriers with the subcarriers numbered in increasing order from 0 to 239 within the SS/PBCH block. For example, the PSS, and/or the SSS may be used for identifying a physical layer cell identity. Additionally or alternatively, the PSS, and/or the SSS may be used for identifying an identity for one or more beams, one or more TRPs and/or one or more antenna ports. Namely, the UE receives the PSS, and/or the SSS in order to perform cell search. Additionally or alternatively, the PBCH may be used for carrying information identifying SF number (System Frame number), an OFDM symbol index, a slot index in a radio frame and/or a radio frame number. Here, the SS/PBCH block(s) described herein may be assumed to be included in a SS block(s) in some implementations for the sake of simplifying description.

[0055] In the radio communication for uplink, UF RS(s) may be used as uplink physical signal(s). The uplink physical signal may not be used to transmit information that is provided from the higher layer, but is used by a physical layer. For example, the UL RS(s) may include the demodulation reference signal(s), the UE-specific reference signal(s), the sounding reference signal(s) (the SRS(s)) and/or the beam-specific reference signal(s). The demodulation reference signal(s) (i.e., DM-RS) may include the demodulation reference signal(s) associated with transmission of the uplink physical channel (e.g., the PUSCH and/or the PUCCH).

[0056] Also, the UE-specific reference signal(s) may include reference signal(s) associated with transmission of uplink physical channel (e.g., the PUSCH and/or the PUCCH). For example, the demodulation reference signal(s) and/or the UE-specific reference signal(s) may be a valid reference for demodulation of uplink physical channel only if the uplink physical channel transmission is associated with the corresponding antenna port. The gNB 160 may use the demodulation reference signal(s) and/or the UE- specific reference signal(s) to perform (re)configuration of the uplink physical channels. The sounding reference signal may be used to measure an uplink channel state.

[0057] Also, in the radio communication for downlink, DL RS(s) may be used as downlink physical signal(s). The downlink physical signal may not be used to transmit information that is provided from the higher layer, but is used by a physical layer. For example, the DL RS(s) may include the cell-specific reference signal(s), the UE-specific reference signal(s), the demodulation reference signal(s), and/or the channel state information reference signal(s) (the CSI-RS(s)). The UE-specific reference signal may include the UE-specific reference signal(s) associated with transmission of the downlink physical channel (e.g., the PDSCH and/or the PDCCH). Also, the demodulation reference signal(s) may include the demodulation reference signal(s) associated with transmission of the downlink physical channel (e.g., the PDSCH and/or the PDCCH). Also, the CSI- RS may include Non-zero power Channel State Information-Reference signal(s) (NZP CSI-RS), and/or Zero power Channel State Information-Reference signal (ZP CSI-RS).

[0058] Here, the downlink physical channel(s) and/or the downlink physical signal(s) described herein may be assumed to be included in a downlink signal (i.e., a DL signal(s)) in some implementations for the sake of simple descriptions. Also, the uplink physical channel(s) and/or the uplink physical signal(s) described herein may be assumed to be included in an uplink signal (i.e. an UL signal(s)) in some implementations for the sake of simple descriptions.

[0059] The UE operations module 124 may provide information 148 to the one or more receivers 120. For example, the UE operations module 124 may inform the receiver(s) 120 when to receive retransmissions.

[0060] The UE operations module 124 may provide information 138 to the demodulator 114. For example, the UE operations module 124 may inform the demodulator 114 of a modulation pattern anticipated for transmissions from the gNB 160.

[0061] The UE operations module 124 may provide information 136 to the decoder 108. For example, the UE operations module 124 may inform the decoder 108 of an anticipated encoding for transmissions from the gNB 160.

[0062] The UE operations module 124 may provide information 142 to the encoder 150. The information 142 may include data to be encoded and/or instructions for encoding. For example, the UE operations module 124 may instruct the encoder 150 to encode transmission data 146 and/or other information 142. The other information 142 may include PDSCH HARQ-ACK information.

[0063] The encoder 150 may encode transmission data 146 and/or other information 142 provided by the UE operations module 124. For example, encoding the data 146 and/or other information 142 may involve error detection and/or correction coding, mapping data to space, time and/or frequency resources for transmission, multiplexing, etc. The encoder 150 may provide encoded data 152 to the modulator 154.

[0064] The UE operations module 124 may provide information 144 to the modulator 154. For example, the UE operations module 124 may inform the modulator 154 of a modulation type (e.g., constellation mapping) to be used for transmissions to the gNB 160. The modulator 154 may modulate the encoded data 152 to provide one or more modulated signals 156 to the one or more transmitters 158.

[0065] The UE operations module 124 may provide information 140 to the one or more transmitters 158. This information 140 may include instructions for the one or more transmitters 158. For example, the UE operations module 124 may instruct the one or more transmitters 158 when to transmit a signal to the gNB 160. For instance, the one or more transmitters 158 may transmit during a UL subframe. The one or more transmitters 158 may upconvert and transmit the modulated signal(s) 156 to one or more gNBs 160.

[0066] Each of the one or more gNBs 160 may include one or more transceivers 176, one or more demodulators 172, one or more decoders 166, one or more encoders 109, one or more modulators 113, a data buffer 162 and a gNB operations module 182. For example, one or more reception and/or transmission paths may be implemented in a gNB 160. For convenience, only a single transceiver 176, decoder 166, demodulator 172, encoder 109 and modulator 113 are illustrated in the gNB 160, though multiple parallel elements (e.g., transceivers 176, decoders 166, demodulators 172, encoders 109 and modulators 113) may be implemented.

[0067] The transceiver 176 may include one or more receivers 178 and one or more transmitters 117. The one or more receivers 178 may receive signals from the UE 102 using one or more physical antennas l80a-n. For example, the receiver 178 may receive and downconvert signals to produce one or more received signals 174. The one or more received signals 174 may be provided to a demodulator 172. The one or more transmitters 117 may transmit signals to the UE 102 using one or more physical antennas 180a-n. For example, the one or more transmitters 117 may upconvert and transmit one or more modulated signals 115.

[0068] The demodulator 172 may demodulate the one or more received signals 174 to produce one or more demodulated signals 170. The one or more demodulated signals 170 may be provided to the decoder 166. The gNB 160 may use the decoder 166 to decode signals. The decoder 166 may produce one or more decoded signals 164, 168. For example, a first eNB -decoded signal 164 may comprise received payload data, which may be stored in a data buffer 162. A second eNB-decoded signal 168 may comprise overhead data and/or control data. For example, the second eNB-decoded signal 168 may provide data (e.g., PDSCH HARQ-ACK information) that may be used by the gNB operations module 182 to perform one or more operations. [0069] In general, the gNB operations module 182 may enable the gNB 160 to communicate with the one or more UEs 102. The gNB operations module 182 may include one or more of a gNB scheduling module 194. The gNB scheduling module 194 may perform scheduling of downlink and/or uplink transmissions as described herein.

[0070] The gNB operations module 182 may provide infor ation 188 to the demodulator 172. For example, the gNB operations module 182 may inform the demodulator 172 of a modulation pattern anticipated for transmissions from the UE(s) 102

[0071] The gNB operations module 182 may provide information 186 to the decoder 166. For example, the gNB operations module 182 may inform the decoder 166 of an anticipated encoding for transmissions from the UE(s) 102.

[0072] The gNB operations module 182 may provide information 101 to the encoder 109. The information 101 may include data to be encoded and/or instructions for encoding. For example, the gNB operations module 182 may instruct the encoder 109 to encode information 101, including transmission data 105.

[0073] The encoder 109 may encode transmission data 105 and/or other information included in the information 101 provided by the gNB operations module 182. For example, encoding the data 105 and/or other information included in the information 101 may involve error detection and/or correction coding, mapping data to space, time and/or frequency resources for transmission, multiplexing, etc. The encoder 109 may provide encoded data 111 to the modulator 113. The transmission data 105 may include network data to be relayed to the UE 102.

[0074] The gNB operations module 182 may provide information 103 to the modulator 113. This information 103 may include instmctions for the modulator 113. For example, the gNB operations module 182 may inform the modulator 113 of a modulation type (e.g., constellation mapping) to be used for transmissions to the UE(s) 102. The modulator 113 may modulate the encoded data 111 to provide one or more modulated signals 115 to the one or more transmitters 117. [0075] The gNB operations module 182 may provide information 192 to the one or more transmitters 117. This information 192 may include instructions for the one or more transmitters 117. For example, the gNB operations module 182 may instmct the one or more transmitters 117 when to (or when not to) transmit a signal to the UE(s) 102. The one or more transmitters 117 may upconvert and transmit the modulated signal(s) 115 to one or more UEs 102.

[0076] It should be noted that a DL subframe may be transmitted from the gNB 160 to one or more UEs 102 and that a UL subframe may be transmitted from one or more UEs 102 to the gNB 160. Furthermore, both the gNB 160 and the one or more UEs 102 may transmit data in a standard special subframe.

[0077] It should also be noted that one or more of the elements or parts thereof included in the eNB(s) 160 and UE(s) 102 may be implemented in hardware. For example, one or more of these elements or parts thereof may be implemented as a chip, circuitry or hardware components, etc. It should also be noted that one or more of the functions or methods described herein may be implemented in and/or performed using hardware. For example, one or more of the methods described herein may be implemented in and/or realized using a chipset, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a large-scale integrated circuit (LSI) or integrated circuit, etc.

[0078] Figure 2 shows examples of multiple numerologies. As shown in Figure 2, multiple numerologies (i.e., multiple subcarrier spacing) may be supported. For example, m (e.g., a subcarrier space configuration) and a cyclic prefix (e.g., the m and the cyclic prefix for a carrier bandwidth part) may be configured by higher layer parameters (i.e., a RRC message) for the downlink and/or the uplink. Here, 15 kHz may be a reference numerology. For example, an RE of the reference numerology may be defined with a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz in a frequency domain and 2048Ts + CP length (e.g. 160Ts or 144Ts) in a time domain, where Ts denotes a baseband sampling time unit defined as 1/(15000*2048) seconds.

[0079] Also, a number of OFDM symbol(s) per slot ^may be determined

based on the m (e.g., the subcarrier space configuration). Here, for example, a slot configuration 0 (i.e., the number of OFDM symbols per slot may be 14) and/or a slot configuration (i.e., the number of OFDM symbols per slot may be 7) may be defined.

[0080] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating one example of a resource grid and resource block (e.g., for the downlink and/or the uplink). The resource grid illustrated in Figure 3 may be utilized in some implementations of the systems and methods disclosed herein.

[0081] In Figure 3, one subframe may include symbols. Also, a

resource block may include a number of resource elements (RE). Here, in the downlink, the OFDM access scheme with cyclic prefix (CP) may be employed, which may be also referred to as CP-OFDM. A downlink radio frame may include multiple pairs of downlink resource blocks (RBs) which is also referred to as physical resource blocks (PRBs). The downlink RB pair is a unit for assigning downlink radio resources, defined by a predetermined bandwidth (RB bandwidth) and a time slot. The downlink RB pair may include two downlink RBs that are continuous in the time domain. And, the downlink RB may include twelve sub-carriers in frequency domain and seven (for normal CP) or six (for extended CP) OFDM symbols in time domain. A region defined by one sub-carrier in frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in time domain is referred to as a resource element (RE) and is uniquely identified by the index pair

where k and l are indices in the frequency and time domains, respectively.

[0082] Also, in the uplink, in addition to CP-OFDM, a Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) access scheme may be employed, which is also referred to as Discrete Fourier Transform-Spreading OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM). An uplink radio frame may include multiple pairs of uplink resource blocks. The uplink RB pair is a unit for assigning uplink radio resources, defined by a predetermined bandwidth (RB bandwidth) and a time slot. The uplink RB pair may include two uplink RBs that are continuous in the time domain. The uplink RB may include twelve sub-carriers in frequency domain and seven (for normal CP) or six (for extended CP) OFDM/DFT-S- OFDM symbols in time domain. A region defined by one sub-carrier in the frequency domain and one OFDM/DFT-S-OFDM symbol in the time domain is referred to as a resource element (RE) and is uniquely identified by the index pair (k, l ) in a slot, where k and l are indices in the frequency and time domains respectively.

[0083] Each element in the resource grid (e.g., antenna port p) and the subcarrier configuration m is called a resource element and is uniquely identified by the index pair k,l) where k - 0, ..., - 1 is the index in the frequency domain and l refers to

the symbol position in the time domain. The resource element ( k,l ) on the antenna port p and the subcarrier spacing configuration m is denoted (k,l)_p,p. The physical resource block is defined as N RB = 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The

SC physical resource blocks are numbered from 0 to

- 1 in the frequency domain. The relation between the physical resource block number n ppp in the frequency domain and the resource element (k,l) is given by n ppp

[0084] Figure 4 shows examples of resource regions (e.g., resource region of the downlink). One or more sets of PRB(s) (e.g., a control resource set (e.g., CORESET)) may be configured for DL control channel monitoring (e.g., the PDCCH monitoring). For example, the control resource set (e.g., the CORESET) is, in the frequency domain and/or the time domain, a set of PRBs within which the UE 102 attempts to decode the DCI (e.g., the DCI format(s), the PDCCH(s)), where the PRBs may or may not be frequency contiguous and/or time contiguous, a UE 102 may be configured with one or more control resource sets (i.e., the CORESETs) and one DCI message may be mapped within one control resource set. In the frequency-domain, a PRB is the resource unit size (which may or may not include DM-RS) for the DL control channel. A DL shared channel may start at a later OFDM symbol than the one(s) which carries the detected DL control channel. Alternatively, the DL shared channel may start at (or earlier than) an OFDM symbol than the last OFDM symbol which carries the detected DL control channel. In other words, dynamic reuse of at least part of resources in the control resource sets for data for the same or a different UE 102, at least in the frequency domain may be supported.

[0085] The UE 102 may monitor a set of candidates of the DL control channel(s) in the control resource set (e.g., the CORESET). Here, the candidates of DL control channel (s) may be candidates for which the DL control channel(s) may possibly be mapped, assigned, and/or transmitted. For example, a candidate of the DL control channel(s) is composed of one or more control channel elements (CCEs). Here, the term“monitor” means that the UE 102 attempts to decode each DL control channel(s) in the set of candidates of the DL control channel(s) in accordance with all the DCI format(s) to be monitored.

[0086] The set of candidates of the DL control channel(s) (e.g., the PDCCH(s), the PDCCH candidates, the CORESET) for the UE 102 monitors may be also referred to as a search space(s). That is, the search space(s) is a set of resource (e.g., CORESET) that may possibly be used for transmission of the DL control channel(s). The UE 102 may monitor the set of candidates of the DL control channel(s) according to the search space(s) where monitoring implies attempting to detect each DL control channel(s) candidate according to the monitored DCI formats.

[0087] Here, the common search space (the CSS, the UE-common search space) and/or the user-equipment search space (the USS, the UE-specific search space) are defined (or set, configured) in a region(s) of DL control channel(s) (e.g., the DL control channel monitoring regions, CORESET). For example, the CSS may be used for transmission of DCI to a plurality of the UEs 102. That is, the CSS may be defined by a resource common to a plurality of the UEs 102. For example, a TypeO-PDCCH common search space may be defined for the DCI format(s) with CRC scrambled by the SI-RNTI. Also, a Typel-PDCCH common search space may be defined for the DCI format(s) with CRC scrambled by the RA-RNTI, the Temporary C-RNTI, and/or the C-RNTI. Also, a Type2-PDCCH common search space may be defined for the DCI format(s) with CRC scrambled by the P-RNTI. Also, a Type3-PDCCH common search space may be defined for the DCI format(s) with CRC scrambled by the C-RNTI and/or the CS-RNTI. Here, the gNB 160 may configure, by using the PBCH (e.g., the MIB), the PDSCH (e.g., the SIB type 2), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), the CSS (e.g., the region of the CSS, the control resource set of the CSS). Also, the gNB 160 may transmit, in the CSS, DCI format(s) to a plurality of the UEs 102. The sets of candidates of DL control channel(s) that the UE 102 monitors may be defined in terms of DL control channel(s) CSS. A DL control channel(s) CSS at CCE aggregation level may be defined by the set of candidates of the DL control channel(s).

[0088] Here, the CSS may be used for transmission of DCI to a specific UE 102. That is, the gNB 160 may transmit, in the CSS, DCI format(s) intended for a plurality of the UEs 102 and/or DCI format(s) intended for a specific UE 102.

[0089] The USS may be used for transmission of DCI to a specific UE 102. That is, the USS is defined by a resource dedicated to a certain UE 102. The USS may be defined independently for each UE 102. For example, the USS may be composed of CCEs having numbers that are determined based on a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) (e.g., the C-RNTI), a slot number in a radio frame, an aggregation level, and/or the like. The RNTI(s) may be assigned by the gNB 160. Namely, each of the USSs corresponding to each of the RNTI(s) described below may be defined. For example, the USS may be defined for the DCI format(s) with CRC scrambled by the C-RNTI and/or the CS-RNTI. Also, for example, the gNB 160 may configure, by using the PBCH (e.g., the MIB), the PDSCH (e.g., the SIB type 2), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), the USS (e.g., the region of the USS, the control resource set of the USS). Also, the gNB 160 may transmit, in the USS, DCI format(s) intended for a specific UE 102. The sets of candidates of DL control channel(s) that the UE 102 monitors may be defined in terms of DL control channel(s) USS. A DL control channel(s) USS at CCE aggregation level may be defined by the set of candidates of the DL control channel(s).

[0090] Namely, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., the MIB), the PDSCH (e.g., the SIB type 2), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), information used for configuring one or more control resource sets (i.e., one or more CORESETs). Also, for each of the one or more control resource sets, the CSS(s) and/or the USS may mapped. For example, in a CORESET (e.g., in a given CORESET), at least, two types of search space (i.e., the CSS and the USS (e.g., a set of the CSS and a set of USS)) may be configured to the UE 102. Also, for example, the gNB 160 may transmit information used for configuring the occasion(s) of DL control channel(s) monitoring (the control resource set monitoring). Here, the DL control channel(s) may be the PCCH(s) (e.g., the PDCCH(s)). Also, the occasion(s) may correspond to a subframe, a slot, a sub-slot, and/or a symbol. Namely, the occasion(s) may correspond to a position(s) (e.g., a timing, a time resource, a time location, a time index, an index of the subframe(s), the slot(s), the sub-slot(s), and/or the symbol(s)). Also, for example, the occasion(s) may correspond to a periodicity (e.g., a periodicity of a subframe, a slot, a sub-slot, and/or a symbol) for which the UE 102 monitors the PDCCH. Namely, the gNB 160 may configure, to the UE 102, a periodicity for monitoring of PDCCH (i.e., PDCCH monitoring periodicity, PDCCH monitoring occasion(s)).

[0091] For example, the gNB 160 may transmit, e.g., by using the PBCH (e.g., the MIB), the PDSCH (e.g., the SIB type 1 (i.e., RMSI)), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), information used for configuring the occasion(s) (i.e., the PDCCH monitoring periodicity, the PDCCH monitoring occasion(s)). And, the UE 102 may monitor the PDCCH based on the information used for configuring the occasion(s). Namely, for each search space set in the CORESET, the UE 102 may determine the PDCCH monitoring occasion(s) based on the information used for configuring the occasion(s).

[0092] As described above, for example, a DCI format 1, a DCI format 1A, a DCI format 2, and/or a DCI format 2A that are used for scheduling of downlink physical shared channel(s) in a cell may be defined as the DCI format for the downlink. For example, the DCI format 1 and/or the DCI format 1A may be used for scheduling of one downlink physical shared channel (e.g., one PDSCH, one PDSCH codeword, transmission of one downlink transport block) in a cell. Also, the DCI format 2 and/or the DCI format 2A may be used for scheduling of one downlink physical shared channel (e.g., one PDSCH, up to two PDSCH codewords, transmission of up to two downlink transport blocks). Here, the DCI format 1, the DCI format 1A, the DCI format 2, and/or the DCI format 2A described herein may be assumed to be included in a DCI format A in some implementations for the sake of simplifying description. As described above, the DCI format A may be used for scheduling of the downhnk PSCH (e.g., the PDSCH). Namely, the DCI format A may be a scheduling DCI.

[0093] Here, as described below, the DCI format A may be used for activating and/or deactivating a serving cell(s) (e.g., one or more secondary cell(s), one or more downlink secondary cells, and/or one or more secondary downlink component carriers). Also, the DCI format A may be used for activating and/or deactivating a bandwidth part(s) (e.g., one or more BWPs in a serving cell(s), one or more DL BWPs in a serving cell(s)). Also, the C-RNTI (i.e., a first C-RNTI), the SPS C-RNTI (i.e., a second C-RNTI), and/or the CS-RNTI may be used to transmit the DCI format A. Here, the DCI format A may be monitored (e.g., transmitted, mapped) in the CSS and the USS.

[0094] For example, the DCI format A may include resource assignment information (e.g., the resource assignment of the PDSCH). For example, the DCI format A may include frequency domain resource assignment information. Also, the DCI format A may include time domain resource assignment information. Also, the DCI format A may include information used for indicating a modulation and coding scheme (e.g., a MCS information, a MCS field(s)). Also, the DCI format A may include information (e.g., a new data indicator) used for indicating whether a transmission is a new transmission or not. Also, the DCI format A may include information (e.g., a CSI request, a CSI request field(s)) used for requesting transmission of CSI (i.e., CSI report, aperiodic CSI report (i.e., aperiodic CSI reporting)) on the PUSCH and/or the PUCCH. Also, the DCI format A may include information (i.e., a carrier indicator, a carrier indicator field(s), e.g., 3-bit information field(s)) used for indicating a serving cell(s) (e.g., a carrier(s)). For example, the carrier indicator may be used for indicating the serving cell(s) in which the corresponding PDSCH(s) is scheduled. Also, the DCI format A may include information (i.e., a BWP indicator, a BWP indicator field(s), e.g., 1-bit or 2-bit information field(s)) used for indicating a BWP(s). For example, the BWP indicator may be used for indicating the BWP(s) (e.g., the DL BWP(s)) that is activated. Also, the BWP indicator may be used for indicating the DL BWP(s) in which the corresponding PDSCH(s) is scheduled. Also, the DCI format A may include information used for indicating a transmission power control (TPC) command for the PUCCH.

[0095] Also, a DCI format X and/or a DCI format Y that are used for scheduling of downlink physical channel(s) in a cell may be defined as the DCI format (e.g., a fallback DCI format) for the downlink. For example, the DCI format X and/or the DCI format Y may be used for scheduling of one downlink physical shared channel (e.g., one PDSCH, one PDSCH codeword, transmission of one downlink transport block). Here, the DCI format X and/or the DCI format Y described herein may be assumed to be included in a DCI format B in some implementations for the sake of simplifying descriptions. As described above, the DCI format B may be used for scheduling of the downlink PSCH (e.g., the PDSCH). Namely, the DCI format B may be a scheduling DCI. Also, the C- RNTI (i.e., the first C-RNTI), SPS C-RNTI (i.e., the second C-RNTI), and/or the CS- RNTI may be used to transmit the DCI format B. Here, the DCI format B may be monitored (e.g., transmitted, mapped) in the CSS only.

[0096] For example, the DCI format B may include resource assignment information (e.g., the resource assignment of the PDSCH). For example, the DCI format B may include frequency domain resource assignment information. Also, the DCI format B may include time domain resource assignment information. Also, the DCI format B may include information used for indicating a modulation and coding scheme (e.g., a MCS information, a MCS field(s)). Also, the DCI format B may include information (e.g., a new data indicator) used for indicating whether a transmission is a new transmission or not. Also, the DCI format B may include information (e.g., a CSI request, a CSI request field(s)) used for requesting transmission of CSI (i.e., CSI report, aperiodic CSI report (i.e., aperiodic CSI reporting)) on the PUSCH and/or the PUCCH. Also, the DCI format B may include information used for indicating a transmission power control (TPC) command for the PUCCH. Namely, the DCI format B may not include the carrier indicator (e.g., the carrier indicator field(s)). Also, the DCI format B may not include the BWP indicator (e.g., the BWP indicator field(s)).

[0097] Also, a DCI format Z and/or a DCI format K that are used for activating, deactivating, and/or switching a serving cell(s) (e.g., one or more secondary cell(s), one or more downlink secondary cells, and/or one or more secondary downlink component carriers) may be defined as the DCI format for the downlink. Here, the DCI format Z and/or the DCI format K may be used for activating, deactivating, and/or switching a BWP(s) (e.g., one or more BWPs in a serving cell(s), one or more DL BWPs in a serving cell(s)). Namely, the DCI format Z and/or the DCI format K that are used for activating, deactivating, and/or switching the serving cell(s) and/or the BWP(s). Here, the DCI format Z and/or the DCI format K described herein may be assumed to be included in a DCI format C in some implementations for the sake of simplifying descriptions. As described above, the DCI format C may be used for activating, deactivating, and/or switching the serving cell(s) and/or the BWP(s). Namely, the DCI format B may be an activating/deactivating/switching DCI. Here, the C-RNTI (i.e., the first C-RNTI), SPS C- RNTI (i.e., the second C-RNTI), and/or the CS-RNTI may be used to transmit the DCI format C. Also, the DCI format C may be monitored (e.g., transmitted, mapped) in the CSS and the USS.

[0098] Here, the DCI format C may be identified by (re)using the DCI format A (i.e., the scheduling DCI). For example, the DCI format C may be identified by setting each of one or more fields (i.e., one or more predetermined fields) included in the DCI format A to each of certain values (i.e., one or more predetermined values). For example, by setting each of the resource assignment information field(s) (e.g., the frequency domain resource assignment information field(s) and/or the time domain resource assignment information field(s)), the MCS field(s), the new data indicator field(s), and/or the TPC command for PUCCH field(s) to each of the certain values, the DCI format C may be identified. For example, all of (i.e., each of) the resource assignment information field(s) may be set to “0” or“1” (i.e., a predetermined value(s)). Also, all of (i.e., each of) the MCS field(s) may be set to all of“0” or“1” (i.e., a predetermined value(s)). Also, all of (i.e., each of) the new data indicator field(s) may be set to all of “0” or“1” (i.e., a predetermined value(s)). Also, all of (i.e., each of) the TPC command for PUCCH field(s) may be set to all of“0” or“1” (i.e., a predetermined value(s)). Here, which information field(s) (i.e., the predetermined field(s)) included in the DCI format A is used for identifying the DCI format C may be specified, in advance, by the specification, and known information between the gNB 160 and the UE 102. Also, which value(s) set to the predetermined field(s) for identifying the DCI format C may be specified, in advance, by the specification, and known information between the gNB 160 and the UE 102.

[0099] Namely, the DCI format C may be the DCI format A including the predetermined field(s) set to the predetermined value(s). As described above, for example, the DCI format C may be the DCI format A including the resource assignment information field(s) set to“0”. Also, the DCI format C may include resource assignment information (e.g., the resource assignment of the PDSCH). For example, the DCI format C may include frequency domain resource assignment information. Also, the DCI format C may include time domain resource assignment information. Also, the DCI format C may include information used for indicating a modulation and coding scheme (e.g., a MCS information, a MCS field(s)). Also, the DCI format C may include information (e.g., a new data indicator) used for indicating whether a transmission is a new transmission or not. Also, the DCI format C may include information (e.g., a CSI request, a CSI request field(s)) used for requesting transmission of CSI (i.e., CSI report, aperiodic CSI report (i.e., aperiodic CSI reporting)) on the PUSCH and/or the PUCCH. Also, the DCI format C may include information (i.e., a carrier indicator, a carrier indicator field(s), e.g., 3-bit information field(s)) used for indicating a serving cell(s) (e.g., a carrier(s)). For example, the carrier indicator may be used for indicating the serving cell(s) in which the corresponding PDSCH(s) is scheduled. Also, the DCI format C may include information (i.e., a BWP indicator, a BWP indicator field(s), e.g., 1-bit or 2-bit information field(s)) used for indicating a BWP(s). For example, the BWP indicator may be used for indicating the BWP(s) (e.g., the DL BWP(s)) that is activated. Also, the BWP indicator may be used for indicating the DF BWP(s) in which the corresponding PDSCH(s) is scheduled. Also, the DCI format C may include information used for indicating a transmission power control (TPC) command for the PUCCH.

[00100] And, in a case that the DCI format A is received (i.e., based on the detection of the DCI format A), the UE 102 may receive (i.e., decode, detect) the scheduled PDSCH. Also, in a case that the DCI format B is received (i.e., based on the detection of the DCI format B), the UE 102 may receive (i.e., decode, detect) the scheduled PDSCH. Also, in a case that the DCI format C is received (i.e., based on the detection of the DCI format C), the UE 102 may perform activation, deactivation and/or switching for the indicated serving cell(s) (e.g., the serving cell(s) used for receiving the downlink signal, and/or a downlink communication). Namely, the UE 102 may perform activation, deactivation, switching for the serving cell(s) based on the information, as above described, included in the DCI format C. Also, in a case that DCI format C is received (i.e., based on the detection of the DCI format C), the UE 102 may perform activation, deactivation, and/or switching for the BWP(s) (e.g., the DL BWP(s) used for receiving the downlink signal, and/or the downlink communication). Namely, the UE 102 may perform activation, deactivation, switching for the BWP(s) based on the information, as above described, included in the DCI format C.

[00101] Here, for example, in a case that the carrier indicator (e.g., included in the DCI format A, and/or the DCI format C) is set to a first value(s) (e.g., 3-bit information field(s) of the carrier indicator is set to“000”), the primary cell (e.g., a downlink primary component carrier: DL PCC) may be indicated (i.e., by using the carrier indicator field(s)). Namely, for example, an index (e.g., a serving cell index) of the primary cell (e.g., the DL PCC) may be corresponding to a value of“000”. Namely, a value of“0” may be applied for the primary cell (i.e., the serving cell index of the primary cell (e.g., the DL PCC)). Also, in a case that the carrier indicator is set a value(s) other than the first value(s), the secondary cell(s) (e.g., a downlink secondary component carrier(s): DL SCC(s)) may be indicated (i.e., by using the carrier indicator field(s)). Namely, an index (e.g., the serving cell index, a secondary cell index) of the secondary cell(s) (e.g., the DL SCC(s)) may be corresponding to a value(s) other than the first value(s). For example, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., the MIB), the PDSCH (e.g., the SIB type 1 (i.e., RMSI)), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), information used for configuring (e.g., assigning) the secondary cell index. And, the secondary cell index configured (assigned) may be applied for the secondary cell(s) (e.g., as the serving cell index of the secondary cell(s) (e.g., the DL SCC(s))). For example, a value(s) of “1”,“2”,“3”,“4”,“5”,“6”, and/or“7” may be applied for the secondary cell(s) (i.e., the serving cell index of the secondary cell(s) (e.g., the DL SCC(s))). Here, the first value(s) may be specified, in advance, by the specification and known information between the gNB 160 and the UE 102. Namely, the first value(s) may be a first predetermined value(s).

[00102] Also, for example, in a case that the BWP indicator (e.g., included in the DCI format A, and/or the DCI format C) is set to a second value(s) (e.g., l-bit information field(s) of the BWP indicator is set to“0”, and/or 2-bit information field(s) of the BWP indicator is set to“00”), an initial active BWP(s) (e.g., an initial active DL BWP(s)) and/or a default BWP(s) (e.g., a default DL BWP(s)) may be indicated. For example, in a case that the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s)) is not configured and the BWP indicator is set to the second value(s), the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active DL BWP(s)) may be indicated (i.e., by using the BWP indicator field(s)). Also, in a case that the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s)) is configured and the BWP indicator is set to the second value(s), the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s)) may be indicated (i.e., by using the BWP indicator field(s)). Namely, in a case that only the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active DL BWP(s)) is given (i.e., the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s)) is not configured), the BWP indicator set to the second value(s) may be used for indicating the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active DL BWP(s)). Also, in a case that the default BPW(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s)) is configured, the BWP indicator set to the second value(s) may be used for indicating the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s)). Namely, based on whether or not the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s)) is configured, the same second value(s) of the BWP indicator field(s) may be used for indicating the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active DL BWP(s)) (e.g., if the default BWP is not configured), or the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s)) (e.g., if the default BWP is configured).

[00103] Also, for example, an index (e.g., a BWP index) of the initial access BWP(s) (e.g., the initial access DL BWP(s)) (e.g., if the default BWP(s) is not configured) may be corresponding to a value of“00”. Namely, a value of“0” may be applied for the initial access BWP(s) (e.g., the initial access DL BWP(s)) (e.g., if the default BWP(s) is not configured). Namely, the value of “0” may be the index (e.g. the BWP index) of the initial access BWP(s) (e.g., the initial access DL BWP(s)). Also, for example, the index (e.g., the BWP index) of the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s)) (e.g., if the default BWP(s) is configured) may be corresponding to the value of“00”. Namely, the value of“0” may be applied for the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s)) (e.g., if the default BWP(s) is configured). Namely, the value of“0” may be the index (e.g. the BWP index) of the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s)).

[00104] Also, in a case that the BWP indicator is set a value(s) other than the second value(s), the BWP(s) other than the initial BWP(s) (e.g., the initial DL BWP(s)) and/or the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s)) may be indicated (i.e., by using the BWP indicator field(s)). Here, the BWP(s) other than the initial BWP(s) (e.g., the initial DL BWP(s)) and/or the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s)) may be a secondary BWP(s) (e.g., a secondary DL BWP(s)). Namely, an index of the secondary DL BWP(s) (e.g., a secondary DL BWP index) may be corresponding to a value(s) other than the second value(s). For example, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., the MIB), the PDSCH (e.g., the SIB type 1 (i.e., RMSI)), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), information used for configuring (e.g., assigning) the index of the secondary DL BWP(s). And, the index of the secondary DL BWP(s) configured (assigned) may be applied for the secondary DL BWP(s). For example, a value(s) of“1”, “2”, and/or“3” may be applied for the secondary DL BWP(s) (i.e., the BWP index of the secondary DL BWP(s)). Here, the second value(s) may be specified, in advance, by the specification and known information between the gNB 160 and the UE 102. Namely, the second value(s) may be a second predetermined value(s). [00105] Here, the index of the BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the DL BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the initial access DL BWP(s), the index of the default DL BWP(s), and/or the index of the active DL BWP) may be the identifier of BWP(s) (e.g., DL BWP ID). Also, the index of the BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the DL BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the initial access DL BWP(s), the index of the default DL BWP(s), and/or the index of the active DL BWP(s)) may be an index of BWP(s) for the PDCCH. Also, the index of the BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the DL BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the initial access DL BWP(s), the index of the default DL BWP(s), and/or the index of the active DL BWP(s)) may be an index of BWP(s) for the PDSCH. Namely, the index of the BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the DL BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the initial access DL BWP(s), the index of the default DL BWP(s), and/or the index of the active DL BWP(s)) may be an index of the PDCCH (e.g., the PDCCH BWP). Also, the index of the BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the DL BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the initial access DL BWP(s), the index of the default DL BWP(s), and/or the index of the active DL BWP(s)) may be an index of the PDSCH (e.g., the PDSCH BWP).

[00106] Also, a DCI format 0, and/or a DCI format 4 that are used for scheduling of uplink physical shared channel(s) in a cell may be defined as the DCI format for the uplink. For example, the DCI format 0 may be used for scheduling of one uplink physical shared channel (e.g., one PUSCH, one PUSCH codeword, transmission of one uplink transport block) in a cell. Also, the DCI format 4 may be used for scheduling of one uplink physical shared channel (e.g., one PUSCH, up to two PUSCH codewords, transmission of up to two uplink transport blocks). Here, the DCI format 0, and/or the DCI format 4 described herein may be assumed to be included in a DCI format D in some implementations for the sake of simplifying description. As described above, the DCI format D may be used for scheduling of the uplink PSCH (e.g., the PUSCH). Namely, the DCI format D may be a scheduling DCI.

[00107] Here, as described below, the DCI format D may be used for activating and/or deactivating a serving cell(s) (e.g., one or more secondary cell(s), one or more uplink secondary cells, and/or one or more uplink component carriers). Also, the DCI format D may be used for activating and/or deactivating a bandwidth part(s) (e.g., one or more BWPs in a serving cell(s), one or more UL BWPs in a serving cell(s)). Also, the C-RNTI (i.e., a first C-RNTI), the SPS C-RNTI (i.e., a second C-RNTI), and/or the CS-RNTI may be used to transmit the DCI format D. Here, the DCI format A may be monitored (e.g., transmitted, mapped) in the CSS and the USS.

[00108] For example, the DCI format D may include resource assignment information (e.g., the resource assignment of the PUSCH). For example, the DCI format D may include frequency domain resource assignment information. Also, the DCI format D may include time domain resource assignment information. Also, the DCI format D may include information used for indicating a modulation and coding scheme (e.g., a MCS information, a MCS field(s)). Also, the DCI format A may include information (e.g., a new data indicator) used for indicating whether a transmission is a new transmission or not. Also, the DCI format D may include information (e.g., a CSI request, a CSI request field(s)) used for requesting transmission of CSI (i.e., CSI report, aperiodic CSI report (i.e., aperiodic CSI reporting)) on the PUSCH and/or the PUCCH. Also, the DCI format D may include information (i.e., a carrier indicator, a carrier indicator field(s), e.g., 3-bit information field(s)) used for indicating a serving cell(s) (e.g., a carriers)). For example, the carrier indicator may be used for indicating the serving cell(s) in which the corresponding PUSCH(s) is scheduled. Also, the DCI format D may include information (i.e., a BWP indicator, a BWP indicator field(s), e.g., 1-bit or 2-bit information field(s)) used for indicating a BWP(s). For example, the BWP indicator may be used for indicating the BWP(s) (e.g., the UL BWP(s)) that is activated. Also, the BWP indicator may be used for indicating the UL BWP(s) in which the corresponding PUSCH(s) is scheduled. Also, the DCI format D may include information used for indicating a transmission power control (TPC) command for the PUSCH. Also, the DCI format D may include information used for indicating a non- supplemental uplink (e.g., a normal uplink, a normal uplink carrier, a non-supplementary uplink, and/or a non-supplementary uplink carrier) or a SUL (e.g., a SUL: a supplemental uplink, a supplemental uplink carrier, a supplementary uplink, and/or a supplementary uplink carrier). [00109] Here, for example, in a case of SUL, the UE is configured with 2 ULs for one DL of the same cell, and uplink transmissions on those two ULs are controlled by the network to avoid overlapping PUSCH transmissions in time. In addition, initial access is supported in each of the uplink. For example, in a case that the information indicating the non-supplemental uplink, the UE 102 may perform PUSCH transmission on the non- supplemental uplink (i.e., one of the 2 ULs). Also, in a case that the information indicating the non-supplemental uplink, the UE 102 may perform PUSCH transmission on the supplemental uplink (i.e., one of the 2 ULs).

[00110] Also, a DCI format L and/or a DCI format M that are used for scheduling of uplink physical channel(s) in a cell may be defined as the DCI format (e.g., a fallback DCI format) for the uplink. For example, the DCI format L and/or the DCI format M may be used for scheduling of one uplink physical shared channel (e.g., one PUSCH, one PUSCH codeword, transmission of one uplink transport block). Here, the DCI format L and/or the DCI format M described herein may be assumed to be included in a DCI format E in some implementations for the sake of simplifying descriptions. As described above, the DCI format E may be used for scheduling of the uplink PSCH (e.g., the PUSCH). Namely, the DCI format E may be a scheduling DCI. Also, the C-RNTI (i.e., the first C-RNTI), SPS C-RNTI (i.e., the second C-RNTI), and/or the CS-RNTI may be used to transmit the DCI format E. Here, the DCI format E may be monitored (e.g., transmitted, mapped) in the CSS only.

[00111] For example, the DCI format E may include resource assignment information (e.g., the resource assignment of the PUSCH). For example, the DCI format E may include frequency domain resource assignment information. Also, the DCI format E may include time domain resource assignment information. Also, the DCI format E may include information used for indicating a modulation and coding scheme (e.g., a MCS information, a MCS field(s)). Also, the DCI format E may include information (e.g., a new data indicator) used for indicating whether a transmission is a new transmission or not. Also, the DCI format E may include information (e.g., a CSI request, a CSI request field(s)) used for requesting transmission of CSI (i.e., CSI report, aperiodic CSI report (i.e., aperiodic CSI reporting)) on the PUSCH and/or the PUCCH. Also, the DCI format E may include information used for indicating a transmission power control (TPC) command for the PUCCH. Also, the DCI format D may include information used for indicating a non- supplemental uplink (e.g., a normal uplink, a normal uplink carrier, a non-supplementary uplink, and/or a non-supplementary uplink carrier) or a SUL (e.g., a SUL: a supplemental uplink, a supplemental uplink carrier, a supplementary uplink, and/or a supplementary uplink carrier). Namely, the DCI format E may not include the carrier indicator (e.g., the carrier indicator field(s)). Also, the DCI format E may not include the BWP indicator (e.g., the BWP indicator field(s)).

[00112] Also, a DCI format O and/or a DCI format P that are used for activating, deactivating, and/or switching a serving cell(s) (e.g., one or more secondary cell(s), one or more uplink secondary cells, and/or one or more secondary uplink component carriers) may be defined as the DCI format for the uplink. Here, the DCI format O and/or the DCI format P may be used for activating, deactivating, and/or switching a BWP(s) (e.g., one or more BWPs in a serving cell(s), one or more UL BWPs in a serving cell(s)). Namely, the DCI format O and/or the DCI format P that are used for activating, deactivating, and/or switching the serving cell(s) and/or the BWP(s). Here, the DCI format O and/or the DCI format P described herein may be assumed to be included in a DCI format F in some implementations for the sake of simplifying descriptions. As described above, the DCI format F may be used for activating, deactivating, and/or switching the serving cell(s) and/or the BWP(s). Namely, the DCI format F may be an activating/deactivating/switching DCI. Here, the C-RNTI (i.e., the first C-RNTI), SPS C- RNTI (i.e., the second C-RNTI), and/or the CS-RNTI may be used to transmit the DCI format F. Also, the DCI format F may be monitored (e.g., transmitted, mapped) in the CSS and the USS.

[00113] Here, the DCI format F may be identified by (re)using the DCI format D (i.e., the scheduling DCI). For example, the DCI format F may be identified by setting each of one or more fields (i.e., one or more predetermined fields) included in the DCI format D to each of certain values (i.e., one or more predetermined values). For example, by setting each of the resource assignment information field(s) (e.g., the frequency domain resource assignment information field(s) and/or the time domain resource assignment information field(s)), the MCS field(s), the new data indicator field(s), and/or the TPC command for PUSCH field(s) to each of the certain values, the DCI format F may be identified. For example, all of (i.e., each of) the resource assignment information field(s) may be set to “0” or“1” (i.e., a predetermined value(s)). Also, all of (i.e., each of) the MCS field(s) may be set to all of“0” or“1” (i.e., a predetermined value(s)). Also, all of (i.e., each of) the new data indicator field(s) may be set to all of “0” or“1” (i.e., a predetermined value(s)). Also, all of (i.e., each of) the TPC command for PUSCH field(s) may be set to all of“0” or“1” (i.e., a predetermined value(s)). Here, which information field(s) (i.e., the predetermined field(s)) included in the DCI format D is used for identifying the DCI format F may be specified, in advance, by the specification, and known information between the gNB 160 and the UE 102. Also, which value(s) set to the predetermined field(s) for identifying the DCI format F may be specified, in advance, by the specification, and known information between the gNB 160 and the UE 102.

[00114] Namely, the DCI format F may be the DCI format D including the predetermined field(s) set to the predetermined value(s). As described above, for example, the DCI format F may be the DCI format D including the resource assignment information field(s) set to“0”. Also, the DCI format F may include resource assignment information (e.g., the resource assignment of the PUSCH). For example, the DCI format F may include frequency domain resource assignment information. Also, the DCI format F may include time domain resource assignment information. Also, the DCI format F may include information used for indicating a modulation and coding scheme (e.g., a MCS information, a MCS field(s)). Also, the DCI format F may include information (e.g., a new data indicator) used for indicating whether a transmission is a new transmission or not. Also, the DCI format F may include information (e.g., a CSI request, a CSI request field(s)) used for requesting transmission of CSI (i.e., CSI report, aperiodic CSI report (i.e., aperiodic CSI reporting)) on the PUSCH and/or the PUCCH. Also, the DCI format F may include information (i.e., a carrier indicator, a carrier indicator field(s), e.g., 3-bit information field(s)) used for indicating a serving cell(s) (e.g., a carriers)). For example, the carrier indicator included may be used for indicating the serving cell(s) in which the corresponding PUSCFI(s) is scheduled. Also, the DCI format F may include information (i.e., a BWP indicator, a BWP indicator field(s), e.g., 1-bit or 2-bit information field(s)) used for indicating a BWP(s). For example, the BWP indicator may be used for indicating the BWP(s) (e.g., the UL BWP(s)) that is activated. Also, the BWP indicator may be used for indicating the UL BWP(s) in which the corresponding PUSCH(s) is scheduled. Also, the DCI format F may include information used for indicating a transmission power control (TPC) command for the PUCCH. Also, the DCI format D may include information used for indicating a non- supplemental uplink (e.g., a normal uplink, a normal uplink carrier, a non-supplementary uplink, and/or a non-supplementary uplink carrier) or a SUL (e.g., a SUL: a supplemental uplink, a supplemental uplink carrier, a supplementary uplink, and/or a supplementary uplink carrier).

[00115] And, in a case that the DCI format D is received (i.e., based on the detection of the DCI format D), the UE 102 may perform the PUSCH transmission. Also, in a case that the DCI format E is received (i.e., based on the detection of the DCI format E), the UE 102 may perform the PUSCH transmission. Also, in a case that the DCI format F is received (i.e., based on the detection of the DCI format F), the UE 102 may perform activation, deactivation and/or switching for the indicated serving cell(s) (e.g., the serving cell(s) used for receiving the downlink signal and/or the downlink communication, and/or the serving cell(s) used for transmitting the uplink signal and/or the uplink communication). Namely, the UE 102 may perform activation, deactivation, switching for the serving cell(s) based on the information, as above described, included in the DCI format F. Also, in a case that DCI format F is received (i.e., based on the detection of the DCI format F), the UE 102 may perform activation, deactivation, and/or switching for the BWP(s) (e.g., the DL BWP(s) used for receiving the downlink signal and/or the downlink communication, and/or the UL BWP(s) used for transmitting the uplink signal and/or the uplink communication). Namely, the UE 102 may perform activation, deactivation, switching for the BWP(s) based on the information, as above described, included in the DCI format F.

[00116] Here, for example, in a case that the carrier indicator (e.g., included in the DCI format C, and/or the DCI format F) is set to a third value(s) (e.g., 3-bit information field(s) of the carrier indicator is set to“000”), the primary cell (e.g., an uplink primary component carrier: UL PCC) may be indicated (i.e., by using the carrier indicator field(s)). Namely, for example, an index (e.g., a serving cell index) of the primary cell (e.g., the UL PCC) may be corresponding to a value of“000”. Namely, a value of“0” may be applied for the primary cell (i.e., the serving cell index of the primary cell (e.g., the UL PCC)). Also, in a case that the carrier indicator is set a value(s) other than the third value(s), the secondary cell(s) (e.g., an uplink secondary component carrier: UL SCC(s)) may be indicated (i.e., by using the carrier indicator field(s)). Namely, an index (e.g., the serving cell index, a secondary cell index) of the secondary cell(s) (e.g., the UL SCC(s)) may be corresponding to a value(s) other than the third value(s). For example, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., the MGB), the PDSCH (e.g., the SIB type 1 (i.e., RMSI)), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), information used for configuring (e.g., assigning) the secondary cell index. And, the secondary cell index configured (assigned) may be applied for the secondary cell(s) (e.g., as the serving cell index of the secondary cell(s) (e.g., the UL SCC(s))). For example, a value(s) of “1”,“2”,“3”,“4”,“5”,“6”, and/or“7” may be applied for the secondary cell(s) (i.e., the serving cell index of the secondary cell(s) (e.g., the UL SCC(s))). Here, the third value(s) may be specified, in advance, by the specification and known information between the gNB 160 and the UE 102. Namely, the third value(s) may be a third predetermined value(s). Here, the third value(s) may be the first value(s).

[00117] Also, for example, in a case that the BWP indicator (e.g., included in the DCI format C, and/or the DCI format F) is set to a fourth value(s) (e.g., l-bit information field(s) of the BWP indicator is set to“0”, and/or 2-bit information field(s) of the BWP indicator is set to“00”), an initial active BWP(s) (e.g., an initial active UL BWP(s)) and/or a default BWP(s) (e.g., a default UL BWP(s)) may be indicated. For example, in a case that the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default UL BWP(s)) is not configured and the BWP indicator is set to the fourth value(s), the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active UL BWP(s)) may be indicated (i.e., by using the BWP indicator field(s)). Also, in a case that the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default UL BWP(s)) is configured and the BWP indicator is set to the fourth value(s), the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default UL BWP(s)) may be indicated (i.e., by using the BWP indicator field(s)). Namely, in a case that only the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active UL BWP(s)) is given (i.e., the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default UL BWP(s)) is not configured), the BWP indicator set to the fourth value(s) may be used for indicating the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active UL BWP(s)). Also, in a case that the default BPW(s) (e.g., the default UL BWP(s)) is configured, the BWP indicator set to the fourth value(s) may be used for indicating the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default UL BWP(s)). Namely, based on whether or not the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default UL BWP(s)) is configured, the same fourth value(s) of the BWP indicator field(s) may be used for indicating the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active UL BWP(s)) (e.g., if the default BWP is not configured), or the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default UL BWP(s)) (e.g., if the default BWP is configured).

[00118] Also, for example, an index (e.g., a BWP index) of the initial access BWP(s) (e.g., the initial access UL BWP(s)) (e.g., if the default BWP(s) is not configured) may be corresponding to a value of“00”. Namely, a value of“0” may be applied for the initial access BWP(s) (e.g., the initial access UL BWP(s)) (e.g., if the default BWP(s) is not configured). Namely, the value of “0” may be the index (e.g. the BWP index) of the initial access BWP(s) (e.g., the initial access UL BWP(s)). Also, for example, the index (e.g., the BWP index) of the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default UL BWP(s)) (e.g., if the default BWP(s) is configured) may be corresponding to the value of“00”. Namely, the value of“0” may be applied for the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default UL BWP(s)) (e.g., if the default BWP(s) is configured). Namely, the value of“0” may be the index (e.g. the BWP index) of the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default UL BWP(s)).

[00119] Also, in a case that the BWP indicator is set a value(s) other than the fourth value(s), the BWP(s) other than the initial BWP(s) (e.g., the initial UL BWP(s)) and/or the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default UL BWP(s)) may be indicated (i.e., by using the BWP indicator field(s)). Here, the BWP(s) other than the initial BWP(s) (e.g., the initial UL BWP(s)) and/or the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default UL BWP) may be a secondary BWP(s) (e.g., a secondary UL BWP(s)). Namely, an index of the secondary BWP(s) (e.g., a secondary BWP index) may be corresponding to a value(s) other than the fourth value(s). For example, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., the MIB), the PDSCH (e.g., the SIB type 1 (i.e., RMSI)), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), information used for configuring (e.g., assigning) the index of the secondary BWP(s). And, the index of the secondary BWP(s) configured (assigned) may be applied for the secondary BWP(s). For example, a value(s) of“1”,“2”, and/or“3” may be applied for the secondary BWP(s) (i.e., the BWP index of the secondary BWP(s)). Here, the fourth value(s) may be specified, in advance, by the specification and known information between the gNB 160 and the UE 102. Namely, the fourth value(s) may be a fourth predetermined value(s). Here, the fourth value(s) may be the second value(s).

[00120] Here, the index of the BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the UL BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the initial access UL BWP(s), the index of the default UL BWP(s), and/or the index of the active UL BWP(s)) may be the identifier of BWP(s) (e.g., UL BWP ID). Also, the index of the BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the UL BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the initial access UL BWP(s), the index of the default UL BWP(s), and/or the index of the active UL BWP(s)) may be an index of BWP(s) for the PDCCH. Also, the index of the BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the UL BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the initial access UL BWP(s), the index of the default UL BWP(s), and/or the index of the active UL BWP(s)) may be an index of BWP(s) for the PUSCH. Namely, the index of the BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the UL BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the initial access UL BWP(s), the index of the default UL BWP(s), and/or the index of the active UL BWP(s)) may be an index of the PDCCH (e.g., the PDCCH BWP). Also, the index of the BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the UL BWP(s) (e.g., the index of the initial access UL BWP(s), the index of the default UL BWP(s), and/or the index of the active UL BWP(s)) may be an index of the PUSCH (e.g., the PUSCH BWP). [00121] Here, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., the MIB), the PDSCH (e.g., the SIB type 2), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), information (e.g., first information) used for configuring whether the carrier indicator field(s) is present or not in the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format A, the DCI format C, the DCI format D and/or the DCI format F). Namely, whether or not the carrier indicator is present in the DCI format(s) may be configured by the gNB 106. Namely, the first information may be used for configuring (e.g., indicating) whether the carrier indicator field is present or not in the DCI format(s). And, the UE 102 may decode (e.g., detect, receive) the DCI format(s) based on the first information.

[00122] Also, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., the MIB), the PDSCH (e.g., the SIB type 2), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), information (e.g., second information) used for configuring whether the BWP indicator field(s) is present or not in the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format A, the DCI format C, the DCI format D and/or the DCI format F). Namely, whether or not the BWP indicator is present in the DCI format(s) may be configured by the gNB 106. Namely, the second information may be used for configuring (e.g., indicating) whether the BWP indicator field is present or not in the DCI format(s). And, the UE 102 may decode (e.g., detect, receive) the DCI format(s) based on the second information. Here, the second information may be used for configuring (e.g., indicating) the number of the BWP(s) (e.g., the DL BWP(s) and/or the UL BWP(s)). For example, in a case that two DL BWPs are configured by using the second information, l-bit BWP indicator field(s) may be applied for the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format A, and/or the DCI format C). Also, in a case that four DL BWPs are configured by using the second information, 2-bit BWP indicator may be applied for the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format A, and/or the DCI format C). Namely, the bit-width (e.g., the number of bits) for the BWP indicator field(s) included in the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format A, and/or the DCI format C) may be determined based on the number of the DL BWP(s) for the PDSCH (e.g., the BWP configuration for the PDSCH). Also, in a case that two UL BWPs are configured by using the second information, l-bit BWP indicator field(s) may be applied for the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format D, and/or the DCI format F). Also, in a case that four UL BWPs are configured by using the second information, 2-bit BWP indicator may be applied for the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format D, and/or the DCI format F). Namely, the bit- width (e.g., the number of bits) for the BWP indicator field(s) included in the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format D, and/or the DCI format F) may be determined based on the number of the UL BWP(s) for the PUSCH (e.g., the BWP configuration for the PUSCH).

[00123] Also, the bit-width (e.g., the number of bits) for the BWP indicator field(s) included in the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format A, and/or the DCI format C) may be determined based on the number of the DL BWP(s) (e.g., the DL BWP(s) for the PDSCH) for which the same subcarrier spacing (e.g., and/or the cyclic prefix) is configured. For example, in a case that two DL BWPs (e.g., two DL BWP(s) for the PDSCH) are configured with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz subcarrier spacing) (e.g., and/or a first cyclic prefix), l-bit BWP indicator may be applied for the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format A, and/or the DCI format C). Also, in a case that three DL BWPs (e.g., three DL BWPs for the PDSCH) are configured with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) (e.g., and/or a second cyclic prefix), 2-bit BWP indicator may be applied for the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format A, and/or the DCI format C). Also, the bit-width (e.g., the number of bits) for the BWP indicator field(s) included in the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format D, and/or the DCI format F) may be determined based on the number of the UL BWP(s) (e.g., the UL BWP(s) for the PUSCH) for which the same subcarrier spacing (e.g., and/or the cyclic prefix) is configured. For example, in a case that two UL BWPs (e.g., two UL BWP(s) for the PUSCH) are configured with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz subcarrier spacing) (e.g., and/or a third cyclic prefix), 1- bit BWP indicator may be applied for the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format D, and/or the DCI format F). Also, in a case that three UL BWPs (e.g., three DL BWPs for the PDSCH) are configured with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz subcarrier spacing) (e.g., and/or a second cyclic prefix), 2-bit BWP indicator may be applied for the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format D, and/or the DCI format F). Here, as described below, a cross-BWP scheduling may be applied for the BWP(s) (e.g., the DL BWP(s) and/or the UL BWP(s)) for which the same subcarrier spacing (e.g., and/or the same cyclic prefix) is configured. Also, as described, a cross-BWP initial transmission and/or retransmission may be applied for the PDSCH. Also, as described, a cross-BWP initial transmission and/or retransmission may be applied for the PUSCH.

[00124] Here, the initial active DL BWP(s) may be defined by a location and number of contiguous PRBs (i.e., physical resource blocks), a subcarrier spacing, and/or a cyclic prefix, for the control resource set for the TypeO-PDCCH common search space. Here, the initial active UL BWP(s) may be linked to (e.g., paired with) the initial active DL BWP(s). Also, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., MIB), the RMSI (e.g., SIB 1), and/or the RRC message, information used for configuring the initial active UL BWP(s). Also, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., MIB), the RMSI (e.g., SIB 1), and/or the RRC message, information used for configuring the initial active DL BWP(s). Namely, the UE 102 may determine the initial active DL BWP(s) and/or the initial active UL BWP(s) based on the information from the gNB 160. For example, the initial active DL BWP(s) and/or the initial active UL BWP(s) may be used for the random access procedure. For example, for operation on the primary cell, the initial active DL BWP(s) and/or the initial active UL BWP(s) may be used for the random access procedure.

[00125] For example, based on the initiation of the random access procedure (e.g., the CBRA procedure and/or the CFRA procedure), in a case that the PRACH resources are configured for the activate UL BWP(s), the UE 102 may perform the random access procedure on the active DL BWP(s) and the activate UL BWP(s). Here, an active DL BWP(s) may be linked to (e.g., paired with) an active UL BWP for which the PRACH resources are configured. Also, based on the initiation of the random access procedure (e.g., the CBRA procedure and/or the CFRA procedure), in a case that the PRACH resources are not configured for the active UL BWP, the UE 102 may perform the random access procedure on the initial access DL BWP(s) and the initial active UL BWP(s). Namely, for the random access procedure, the UE 102 may switch to the initial active DL BWP(s) and the initial active UL BWP(s). For example, in a case that the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s) and/or the default UL BWP(s)) is not configured and the PRACFI resources are not configured for the active BWP(s) (e.g., the active DL BWP(s) and/or the active UL BWP(s)), the UE 102 perform the random access procedure (e.g., the CBRA procedure and/or the CFRA procedure) on the initial active DL BWP(s) and the initial active UL BWP(s).

[00126] Also, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., MIB), the RMSI (e.g., SIB1), and/or the RRC message, information used for configuring the default DL BWP(s) and/or the default UL BWP(s). Namely, the UE 102 may determine the default DL BWP(s) and/or the default UL BWP(s) based on the information from the gNB 160. Flere, the default DL BWP(s) may be configured among configured DL BWP(s). Also, the default UL BWP(s) may be configured among configured UL BWP(s). Also, based on the initiation of the random access procedure (e.g., the CBRA procedure and/or the CFRA procedure), in a case that the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s) and/or the default UL BWP(s)) is configured and the PRACH resources are not configured for the activate BWP(s) (e.g., the active DL BWP(s) and/or the active UL BWP(s)), the UE 102 may perform the random access procedure (e.g., the CBRA procedure and/or the CFRA procedure) on the default DL BWP(s) and the default UL BWP(s). Namely, for the random access procedure (e.g., the CBRA procedure and/or the CFRA procedure), the UE 102 may switch to the default DL BWP(s) and the default UL BWP(s).

[00127] For example, for serving cell(s), the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., MIB), the RMSI (e.g., SIB1), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), information used for configuring a set of four DL BWPs (e.g., at most four DL BWPs, a DL BWP set) (e.g., for receptions by the UE 102). Also, for the serving cell(s), the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., MIB), the RMSI (e.g., SIB 1), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), information used for configuring a set of four UL BWP(s) (e.g., at most four UL BWPs, a UL BWP set). For example, for each DL BWP in the set of DL BWPs, the gNB 160 may configure, by using the PBCH (e.g., MIB), the RMSI (e.g., SIB 1), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), the subcarrier spacing, the cyclic prefix, a number of contiguous PRBs (e.g., a bandwidth of PRBs), an index (e.g., the index of the DL BWP(s), the DL BWP ID) in the set of DL BWPs. Also, for each UL BWP in the set of UL BWPs, the gNB 160 may configure, by using the PBCH (e.g., MIB), the RMSI (e.g., SIB1), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), the subcarrier spacing, the cyclic prefix, a number of contiguous PRBs (e.g., a bandwidth of PRBs), an index (e.g., the index of the UL BWP(s), the UL BWP ID) in the set of UL BWPs. Also, for each DL BWP or UL BWP in the set of DL BWPs or UL BWPs, respectively, the gNB 160 may configure, by using the PBCH (e.g., MIB), the RMSI (e.g., SIB1), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), a link (e.g., a linking, a pairing, a correspondence, and/or a mapping) between the DL BWP and the UL BWP from the set of configured DL BWP(s) and UL BWP(s). For example, the gNB 160 may configure BWP(s) per serving cell for the uplink (e.g., if the serving cell is configured with the uplink) and for the downlink.

[00128] And, the UE 102 may perform, based on the configuration(s) for the DL BWP(s), reception(s) on the PDCCH in the DL BWP(s) and/or reception(s) on the PDSCH in the DL BWP(s). For example, the UE 102 may perform, based on the configured subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (e.g., the cyclic prefix length) for the DL BWP(s), the reception(s) on the PDCCH in the DL BWP(s) and/or the reception(s) on the PDSCH in the DL BWP(s). Also, the UE 102 may perform, based on the configuration(s) for the UL BWP(s), transmission(s) on the PUCCH in the UL BWP(s) and/or transmission(s) on the PUSCH in the UL BWP(s). For example, the UE 102 may perform, based on the configured subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (e.g., the cyclic prefix length) for the UL BWP(s), the transmission(s) on the PUCCH in the UL BWP(s) and/or the transmission(s) on the PUSCH in the UL BWP(s).

[00129] Also, the BWP indicator field(s) is configured, as described above, in the DCI format(s) for the downlink, a value(s) of the BWP indicator field(s) may be used for indicating the active DL BWP(s), from the configured set of the DL BWP(s), for downlink reception(s) (e.g., the reception(s) on the PDCCH, and/or the reception(s) on the PDSCH). Also, the BWP indicator field(s) is configured, as described above, in the DCI format(s) for the uplink, a value(s) of the BWP indicator field(s) may be used for indicating the active UL BWP(s), from the configured set of the UL BWP(s), for uplink transmission(s) (e.g., the transmission(s) on the PUCCH, and/or the transmission(s) on the PUSCH).

[00130] Here, for each DL BWP in the set of DL BWPs (e.g., on the primary cell), as described above, the control resource sets (i.e., the CORESET) for the CSS (e.g., the TypeO-PDCCH CSS, the Typel-PDCCH CSS, the Type2-PDCCH CSS, and/or the Type3- PDCCH CSS) and the USS may be configured (i.e., by the gNB 160). Also, for each UL BWP in the set of UL BWPs, resource sets for the PUCCH transmissions may be configured (i.e., by the gNB 160).

[00131] Also, the gNB 160 may configure, e.g., by using the PBCH (e.g., MIB), the RMSI (e.g., SIB 1), and/or the RRC message, a bandwidth of the CORESET for the RMSI. And, the bandwidth of the initial active DL BWP(s) (e.g., the number of PRBs of the initial active DL BWP(s)) may be determined based on (e.g., the same as) the bandwidth of the CORESET for the RMSI. For example, the initial active DL BWP(s) may be defined as a frequency location and the bandwidth of the CORESET for the RMSI, and/or the subcarrier spacing of the RMSI (e.g., the subcarrier spacing for the CORESET for the RMSI) (i.e., the subcarrier spacing of the PDSCH used for transmitting the RMSI (e.g., SIB 1)).

[00132] Figure 5 illustrates an example of the downlink and/or uplink transmissions. As showed by Figure 5, one or more serving cells may be configured to the UE 102. In the carrier aggregation (CA), the gNB 160 and the UE 102 may communicate each other using the one more serving cells. Here, the configured one or more serving cells may include one primary cell and one or more secondary cell. For example, the primary cell may be a serving cell on which an initial connection establishment procedure (e.g., the random access procedure) is performed. Also, the primary cell may be a serving cell on which a connection re-establishment procedure is performed. Also, the primary cell may be a serving cell that is indicated as the primary cell (e.g., indicated as the primary cell during the handover procedure). For example, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., the MIB), the PDSCH (e.g., the SIB type 2), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), information used for configuring the primary cell. Also, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., the MIB), the PDSCH (e.g., the SIB type 2), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), information used for configuring one or more secondary cells to form together with the primary cell a set of serving cells. Here, in the downlink, a carrier corresponding to the primary cell may be the downlink primary component carrier (i.e., the DL PCC), and a carrier corresponding to a secondary cell may be the downlink secondary component carrier (i.e., the DL SCC). Also, in the uplink, a carrier corresponding to the primary cell may be the uplink primary component carrier (i.e., the UL PCC), and a carrier corresponding to the secondary cell may be the uplink secondary component carrier (i.e., the UL SCC).

[00133] Also, one or more BWPs (e.g., at most four DL BWPs and/or at most four UL BWPs) may be configured to the UE 102. Here, the configured one or more serving cells may include one or more initial active BWPs (e.g., the initial active DL BWPs, and/or the initial active UL BWPs). Also, the configured one or more serving sells may include one or more default BWPs (e.g., the default DL BWPs, and/or the default UL BWPs). Also, the configured one or more serving sells may include one or more active BWPs (e.g., the active DL BWPs, and/or the active UL BWPs). For example, the initial active BWP(s) may be a BWP(s) (e.g., the DL BWP(s) and/or the UL BWP(s)) on which the initial connection establishment procedure (e.g., the random access procedure, as described above) is performed. Also, the initial active BWP(s) may be a BWP (e.g., the DL BWP(s) and/or the UL BWP(s)) on which the connection re-establishment procedure is performed. Also, the initial active BWP(s) may be a BWP (e.g., the DL BWP(s) and/or the UL BWP(s)) that is indicated as the initial active BWP (e.g., indicated as the initial active BWP(s) during the handover procedure). Namely, the gNB 160 may transmit a handover command including information used for indicating the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active DL BWP(s) and/or the initial active UL BWP(s)). [00134] Also, for example, the default BWP(s) may be a BWP(s) (e.g., the DL BWP(s) and/or the UL BWP(s)) on which the initial connection establishment procedure (e.g., the random access procedure, as described above) is performed. Also, the default BWP(s) may be a BWP(s) (e.g., the DL BWP(s) and/or the UL BWP(s)) on which the connection re-establishment procedure is performed. Also, the default BWP(s) may be a BWP(s) (e.g., the DL BWP(s) and/or the UL BWP(s)) that is indicated as the default BWP(s) (e.g., indicated as the default BWP(s) during the handover procedure). Namely, the gNB 160 may transmit the handover command including information used for indicating the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s) and/or the default UL BWP(s)).

[00135] Here, as described above, the gNB 160 may independently configure the initial DL BWP(s) and the initial UL BWP(s). Also, the gNB 160 may independently configure the default DL BWP(s) and the default UL BWP(s). Also, the gNB 160 may independently configure, in the serving cell, the one or more DL BWPs (e.g., at most four DL BWPs) and the one or more UL BWPs (e.g., at most four UL BWPs).

[00136] Here, an activation, a deactivation, and/or a switching mechanism of the BWP(s) (e.g., the DL BWP(s) and/or the UL BWP(s)) may be supported. For example, the activation, the deactivation, and/or the switching of the BWP(s) may be controlled (e.g., configured, and/or indicated) by using the higher layer signal (e.g., the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), and/or the MAC CE) and/or the DCI format(s) (e.g., the PDCCH indicating the downlink assignment, and/or the PDCCH indicating the uplink grant). For example, the gNB 160 may transmit, e.g., by using the higher layer signal and/or the DCI format(s), information used for indicating the activation, the deactivation, and/or the switching of the BWP(s). Namely, the gNB 160 may transmit, e.g., by using the higher layer signal and/or the DCI format(s), information used for indicating the activation of the BWP(s). And, the UE 102 may activate the BWP(s) based on the information used for indicating the activation of the BWP(s). Also, the gNB 160 may transmit, e.g., by using the higher layer signal and/or the DCI format(s), information used for indicating the deactivation of the BWP(s). And, the UE 102 may deactivate the BWP(s) based on the information used for indicating the deactivation of the BWP(s). Also, the gNB 160 may transmit, e.g., by using the higher layer signal and/or the DCI format(s), information used for indicating the switching of the BWP(s). And, the UE 102 may switch the BWP(s) based on the information used for indicating the switching of the BWP(s). Here, for example, the switching of the BWP(s) (e.g., the switching of the BWP(s) for the serving cell(s)) may be used for activate an in active BWP(s) and deactivate BWP(s) at a time.

[00137] Here, the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial activate DL BWP(s) and/or the initial active UL BWP(s)) may be always activated. Also, if the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s) and/or the default UL BWP(s)) is configured, the default BWP may be always activated. Namely, the initial active BWP(s) and/or the default BWP(s) may be active without the information used for indicating the activation, the deactivation, and/or the switching of the BWP(s). Also, as described above, a serving cell may be configured with at most four BWP(s) (e.g., at most four DL BWP(s) and/or at most four UL BWP(s)), and for an activated serving cell, there may always one active BWP (e.g., one active DL BWP and/or one active UL BWP) at any point in time.

[00138] Here, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the higher layer signal (e.g., the RRC message), information used for configuring a value(s) of timer (e.g., a first timer) associated with the deactivation and/or the switching of the BWP(s). For example, the UE 102 may maintain the first timer per configured serving cell(s). Also, the UE 102 may maintain the first timer per configured BWP(s). For example, in a case that the value of the first time is configured, the default DL BWP(s) is configured, and the active BWP(s) is not the default BWP, the UE 102 may start (or restart) the first timer associated with the active DL BWP(s). Also, in a case that the value of the first time is configured, and the default DL BWP(s) is not configured, the active DL BWP is not the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active DL BWP(s)), and the PDCCH indicating the downlink assignment is received on the active DL BWP(s), the UE 102 may start (or restart) the first timer associated with the active DL BWP(s). Namely, based on the detection of the DCI format(s) for the downlink (e.g., the DCI format A, and/or the DCI format C) on the activated DL BWP(s), the UE 102 may start (or restart) the first timer associated with the DL BWP(s). Also, in a case that the value of the first time is configured, and the default UL BWP(s) is not configured, the active UL BWP is not the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active UL BWP(s)), and the PDCCH indicating the uplink grant is received on the active DL BWP(s) linked to the UL BWP(s), the UE 102 may start (or restart) the first timer associated with the active UL BWP(s). Namely, based on the detection of the DCI format(s) for the uplink (e.g., the DCI format D, and/or the DCI format F) on the activated DL BWP(s), the UE 102 may start (or restart) the first timer associated with the UL BWP(s) linked to the activated DL BWP(s).

[00139] Also, in a case that the value of the first time is configured, and the default DL BWP(s) is not configured, the active DL BWP is not the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active DL BWP(s)), and the PDCCH for BWP(s) switching (i.e., the information used for indicating the switching of the BWP(s)) is received on the active DL BWP(s), the UE 102 may start (or restart) the first timer associated with the active DL BWP(s). Namely, based on the detection of the DCI format(s) for the downlink (e.g., the DCI format A, and/or the DCI format C) on the activated DL BWP(s), the UE 102 may start (or restart) the first timer associated with the DL BWP(s). Here, the DCI format format(s) for the downlink detected by the UE 102 for starting (or restarting) the first timer may be only the scheduling DCI format(s) (i.e., the DCI format A). Also, in a case that the value of the first time is configured, and the default UL BWP(s) is not configured, the active UL BWP is not the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active UL BWP(s)), and the PDCCH for BWP(s) switching (i.e., the information used for indicating the switching of the BWP(s)) is received on the active DL BWP(s), the UE 102 may start (or restart) the first timer associated with the active UL BWP(s). Namely, based on the detection of the DCI format(s) for the uplink (e.g., the DCI format D, and/or the DCI format F) on the activated DL BWP(s) link to the UL BWP(s), the UE 102 may start (or restart) the first timer associated with the UL BWP(s). Here, the DCI format format(s) for the uplink detected by the UE 102 for starting (or restarting) the first timer may be only the scheduling DCI format(s) (i.e., the DCI format D). [00140] Namely, the UE 102 may start (or restart) the first timer each time the UE detect the DCI format (s) (e.g., the DCI format (s) for the downlink, and/or the DCI format(s) for the uplink). Namely, based on the detection of the DCI format(s) indicating the active BWP(s) (e.g., the active DL BWP(s) and/or the active UL BWP(s)) (e.g., other than the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active DL BWP(s) and/or the initial active UL BWP(s)), other than the default BWP(s) (e.g., the default DL BWP(s) and/or the default UL BWP(s))), the UE 102 may start (or restart) the first timer. Here, the first timer expires in a case that the first timer is equal to the value of the first timer (e.g., the value of the first timer configured by the gNB 160).

[00141] Also, in a case that the value of the first timer is configured, and the default DL BWP(s) is not configured, the active DL BWP is not the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active DL BWP(s)), and the random access procedure (e.g., the CBRA procedure and/or the CFRA procedure) is initiated, the UE 102 may clear (or stop) the first timer. Also, in a case that the value of the first timer is configured, and the default DL BWP(s) is not configured, the active DL BWP is not the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active DL BWP(s)), and the first timer associated with the activated DL BWP(s) expires, the UE 102 may perform the BWP(s) switching to the initial active DL BWP(s). Namely, in a case that the default BWP(s) is not configured and the first timer expires, the UE 102 may switch from the activate BWP(s) to the initial activate BWP(s). Also, in a case that the value of the first timer is configured, and the default DL BWP(s) is configured, the active DL BWP is not the initial active BWP(s) (e.g., the initial active DL BWP(s)), and the first timer associated with the activated DL BWP(s) expires, the UE 102 may perform the BWP(s) switching to the default DL BWP(s). Namely, in a case that the default BWP(s) is configured and the first timer expires, the UE 102 may switch from the activate BWP(s) to the default BWP(s). Namely, the UE 102 may deactivate the BWP(s) (e.g., the associated BWP(s)) based on the timer expiry.

[00142] Here, in a case that the BWP(s) is activated (i.e., on the active BWP(s) for each activated serving cell configured with the BWP(s) (e.g., the BWP operation)), the UE 102 may perform transmission on the UL-SCH (i.e., transmission on the UL-SCH on the BWP(s)). Also, in a case that the BWP(s) is activated, the UE 102 may perform transmission on RACH (i.e., transmission on the RACH on the BWP(s), transmission on the PRACH (e.g., Msg. l transmission) on the BWP(s)). Also, in a case that the BWP(s) is activated, the UE 102 may monitor the PDCCH (i.e., perform the PDCCH monitoring on the BWP(s). Also, in a case that the BWP(s) is activated, the UE 102 may perform transmission on the PUCCH (i.e., transmission on the PUCCH on the BWP(s)). Also, in a case that the BWP(s) is activated, the UE 102 may perform reception on the DL-SCH (i.e., reception on the DL-SCH on the BWP(s)). Also, in a case that the BWP(s) is activated, the UE 102 may start (or restart) the first timer associated with the BWP(s).

[00143] Also, in a case that the BWP(s) is deactivated (i.e., on the inactive BWP(s) for each activated serving cell configured with the BWP(s) (e.g., the BWP operation)), the UE 102 may not perform transmission on the UL-SCH (i.e., transmission on the UL-SCH on the BWP(s)). Also, in a case that the BWP(s) is deactivated, the UE 102 may not perform transmission on RACH (i.e., transmission on the RACH on the BWP(s), transmission on the PRACH (e.g., Msg.l transmission) on the BWP(s)). Also, in a case that the BWP(s) is deactivated, the UE 102 may not monitor the PDCCH (i.e., perform the PDCCH monitoring on the BWP(s). Also, in a case that the BWP(s) is deactivated, the UE 102 may not perform transmission on the PUCCH (i.e., transmission on the PUCCH on the BWP(s)). Also, in a case that the BWP(s) is deactivated, the UE 102 may not perform reception on the DL-SCH (i.e., reception on the DL-SCH on the BWP(s)). Also, in a case that the BWP(s) is deactivated, the UE 102 may clear (or stop) the first timer associated with the BWP(s).

[00144] Regarding a random access procedure initialization, the UE 102 may receive, from the gNB 160, one or more following parameters given in Listing (1). For example, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the PBCH (e.g., the MGB), the PDSCH (e.g., the SIB type 2), and/or the RRC message (e.g., the dedicated RRC message), the one or more following parameters given in Listing (1). Also, the gNB 160 may transmit, by using the DCI format(s) (e.g., the DCI format(s) used for initiating the random access procedure, e.g., the DCI format A, the DCI format B, and/or the DCI format C), the one or more following parameters given in Listing (1). For example, as described above, the one or more following parameters may be indicated by using the second information field(s). Namely, the one or more following parameters may be indicated by using the sixth value(s) set to the second information field(s).

The available set of PRACH resources for the transmission of the ransom access preamble;

The groups of random access preambles and the set of available random access preambles in each group.

Initial preamble power;

The power-ramping factor;

Random access preamble (e.g., one or more index of the random access preamble(s));

The maximum number of preamble transmissions;

One or more index of the SS block(s);

One or more PRACH occasion(s) (e.g., a time domain occasion(s) (e.g., time domain resources) and/or a frequency domain occasion(s) (e.g., frequency domain resources)) for PRACH transmission (e.g., the random access preamble transmission (e.g., Msg.l transmission));

Association between one or more index of SS block(s) and or

Association between one or more index of SS block(s) and one or more PRACH occasion(s) (i.e., associated between SS block(s) and PRACH occasion(s));

Bandwidth part(s) (e.g., one or more index of BWP(s) (e.g., UL BWP(s)), i.e., the BWP indicator field(s))

Listing (1)

[00145] Here, the one or more parameters given in Listing (1) may be associated with one or more SS blocks (e.g., one or more index of the SS block(s)). For example, in a case that the one or more random access preambles are associated with (e.g., mapped to) the one or more SS blocks, the UE 102 may select the random access preamble(s) based on the SS block(s). For example, in a case that the one or more PRACH occasions are associated with (e.g., mapped to) the one or more SS blocks, the UE 102 may select the PRACH occasion(s) based on the SS block(s). For example, the UE 102 may select the random access preamble(s) and/or the PRACH occasion(s) based on a measurement of the SS block(s). Namely, based on the measurement of the SS block(s), the UE 102 may select the random access preamble(s) and/or the PRACH occasion(s), and transmit the selected random access preamble(s) using the selected PRACH occasion(s).

[00146] Also, in the random access procedure (e.g., the CBRA procedure and/or the CFRA procedure), the UE 102 may transmit the random access preamble(s) (e.g., Msg.l) based on one or more of the above parameters given in Listing (1). Also, in the random access procedure (e.g., the CBRA procedure and/or the CFRA procedure), the UE 102 may receive the random access response (e.g., Msg.2) based on one or more of the above parameters given Listing (1). Also, in the random access procedure (e.g., the CBRA procedure and/or the CFRA procedure), the UE 102 may perform a scheduled UL-SCH transmission (e.g., Msg. 3) based on one or more of the above parameters given in Listing (1). Also, in the random access procedure (e.g., the CBRA procedure and/or the CFRA procedure), the UE 102 may receive a contention. Also, in the CFRA procedure, the UE 102 may transmit the random access preamble(s) (e.g., Msg.l) based on one or more of the above parameters given Listing 1. Also, in the CFRA procedure, the UE 102 may receive the random access response (e.g., Msg. 2) based on one or more of the above parameters.

[00147] For example, in the random access procedure (e.g., the CBRA procedure and/or the CFRA procedure), the UE 102 may transmit the selected random access preamble (Msg.l) (e.g., the randomly selected random access preamble (e.g., one or more random access preambles are selected based on the measurement of the SS block(s) and one random access preamble is selected randomly)) using the selected one or more PRACH occasions. Also, in the random access procedure (e.g., the CBRA procedure and/or the CFRA procedure), the UE 102 may transmit the indicated random access preamble (Msg.l) (e.g., the random access preamble indicated by using the DCI format A and/or the DCI format C) using the indicated one or more PRACH occasions (e.g., the one or more PRACH occasions by using the DCI format A and/or the DCI format C). Here, the random access preamble(s) may be identified by one or more random access preamble identifiers. For example, the UE 602 may perform a single Msg.l transmission before the end of a monitored the RA response window. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 602 may transmit multiple Msg.l transmissions until the end of the RA response window.

[00148] Also, in random access response reception, the UE 102 may receive the random access response (Msg.2). For example, once the random access preamble is transmitted, the UE 602 may monitor the downlink PCCH (e.g., PDCCH) for the random access response(s) identified by the RA-RNTI in the RA Response window. A size of the RA Response window (e.g., a duration in which the UE 602 monitors the PDCCH with the RA-RNTI) may be configured by using the information of the RA response window size.

[00149] The PRACH transmission occasion(s) may be defined as the time domain resources and/or the frequency domain resources on which the random access preamble (e.g., Msg.l) is transmitted. As described above, the random access preamble may be transmitted using the PRACH preamble format and/or the PRACH occasion(s).

[00150] The UE 102 may stop monitoring for the random access response(s) after successful reception of a random access response containing the one or more random access preamble identifiers that match the transmitted random access preamble. Additionally or alternatively, for example, if no random access response is received with a RA response window given by the RA response window size, the random access response reception may be considered unsuccessful, and the UE 102 may perform a process for the power-ramping based on the power-ramping factor. Then, the UE 102 may proceed to perform the selection of PRACHs (e.g., the random access preamble(s) and/or the PRACH occasion(s)). For example, the RA response may contain the one or more random access preamble identifiers. Additionally or alternatively, the RA response may contain the index of the PRACH occasion(s) (e.g., an index of the PRACH occasion(s) (e.g., the index of the time domain resources for the PRACH occasion(s) and/or the index of the frequency domain resources for the PRACH occasion(s))). Additionally or alternatively, the RA response may contain an index of the random access preamble (e.g., an index of the random access preamble). Additionally or alternatively, the RA response may contain a Timing Advance Command, the random access response grant and/or the Temporary C-RNTI.

[00151] Additionally or alternatively, in scheduled transmission, the UE 102 may perform a timing adjustment for the uplink transmission based on the timing advance command and/or may perform the Msg.3 transmission based on the random access response grant. For example, the UE 102 may receive the random access response on DL- SCH (e.g., the downlink PSCH (e.g., PDSCH)) that is scheduled by using the downlink PCCH (e.g., PDCCH) with RA-RNTI. Here, the Msg.3 transmission may include an identity used for identifying the UE 102 (Initial UE-Identity or C-RNTI). Additionally or alternatively, the UE 102 may perform the Msg.3 retransmission in a case that the Msg.3 retransmission is indicated by using PDCCH with the Temporary C-RNTI.

[00152] In some approaches in Contention Resolution, in a case that a contention resolution identity received from the gNB 160 is matched to the Initial UE-Identity, the UE 102 may consider the contention resolution successful. Additionally or alternatively, in a case that the downlink PCCH (e.g., PDCCH) with C-RNTI is received, the UE may consider the contention resolution successful. Then, the UE may consider the random access procedure successfully completed.

[00153] More precisely, the RA-RNTI is used on the PDCCH when Random Access Response messages are transmitted. It unambiguously identifies which time-frequency resource was utilized by the MAC entity of the UE 102 to transmit the Random Access preamble.

[00154] In some approaches, RA-RNTI associated with the PRACH, in which the random access preamble is transmitted, may be computed (e.g., defined) as:

RA-RNTI= 1 + s_id + 14*t_id + l4*X*f_id + 14*X*Y*ul_carrier_id where s_id is the index of the first OFDM symbol of the specified PRACH (0 < s_id < 14), t_id is the index of the first slot of the specified PRACH in a system frame (0 < t_id < X), f_id is the index of the specified PRACH in the frequency domain (0 < f_id < Y), and ul_carrier_id is the UL carrier used for the random access preamble (e.g., Msg.l) transmission (e.g., 0: for normal carrier (i.e., normal uplink carrier), and 1: for SUL carrier.

[00155] For subcarrier spacing configuration m slots are numbered - lj in increasing order within a subframe and

{ fr mc l slot r m

s,f . 0,..., /V_siot ^,m - lj in increasing order within a frame. There are symb consecutive OFDM symbols in a slot where _A,*' depends on the cyclic prefix as given symb by Tables 1-1 and 1-2. The start of slot

in a subframe is aligned in time with the start of OFDM symbol in the same subframe. Table 1-1 provides the number of

OFDM symbols per slot, slots per frame, and slots per subframe for normal cyclic prefix. Table 1-2 provides the number of OFDM symbols per slot, slots per frame, and slots per subframe for extended cyclic prefix.

Table 1-1

Table 1-2 irame,//

Hence, the number of slots per frame slot is dependent on the CP and subcarrier spacing.

[00156] In the above RA-RNTI calculation, the value(s) of X may be an integer value(s) (e.g., the integer value(s) by the specification). For example, X could be defined frame Li

to be ¾ _t , with the values specified in Table 1-1 and Table 1-2.

[00157] As the f_id means the physical resource blocks in the frequency domain such that index 0 correspond to the lowest numbered physical resource block for PRACH within the radio frame. The value(s) of Y may be an integer value(s) (e.g., the integer value(s) by the specification).

[00158] Alternative Y-l: Y could be defined with the exact value 6, which is the same as the number of physical resource blocks (PRB) used by LTE PRACH.

[00159] Alternative Y-2: Y could be defined with the exact value 20, which is the same as the number of PRBs used by SS/PBCH block.

[00160] Alternative Y-3: Y could be defined with the exact value 24, which is the minimum bandwidth of NR in the unit of PRBs.

[00161] Furthermore, the PRACH procedure might be initialized by different factors, such as initial access uplink timing synchronization and handover, meaning it can be applied to both idle mode and connected mode UEs; and the PRACH procedure can be categorized as CBRA and CFRA as well, meaning it can be either initialized by the UE 102 side or by the gNB 160 side (e.g., PDCCH order). Therefore, the PRACH procedure might be operated at either initial active BWP, and/or some configured active BWP. In this case, f_id can also be determined by the bandwidth of BWP(s) the UE 102 is configured.

[00162] Alternative Y-4: Y could be defined as the configured/pre-defined/pre- configured bandwidth of BWP(s) in the unit of PRBs where the RACH procedure is operated.

[00163] The initial active DL BWP(s) may be defined as a frequency location and the bandwidth of the CORESET for the RMSI, and/or the subcarrier spacing of the RMSI (e.g., the subcarrier spacing for the CORESET for the RMSI) (i.e., the subcarrier spacing of the PDSCH used for transmitting the RMSI (e.g., SIB 1)). When the RACH procedure is performed within initial active UL BWP(s), the bandwidth of the initial active UL BWP may be configured by the RMSI and/or the dedicated RRC message. The gNB 160 may configure a bandwidth of the CORESET for the RMSI. The bandwidth of the initial active DL BWP(s) (e.g., the number of PRBs of the initial active DL BWP(s)) may be determined based on the bandwidth of the CORESET for the RMSI, e.g., the bandwidth of the initial active DL BWP(s) is simply the same as the bandwidth of the CORESET for RMSI; or the bandwidth of the initial active DL BWP(s) can be calculated from the bandwidth of the CORESET for RMSI, e.g., the bandwidth of the initial active DL BWP(s) has some offset value Zl (Zl is an integer with the unit of PRBs or with the unit of subcarrier in frequency domain; Zl could be positive integer, or negative integer, or could also be zero) from that of the CORESET for RMSI, where Zl could be a predefined/preconfigured value, e.g. it is clearly specified and stored in the memory of UE 102 for use directly (if Zl is predefined/preconfigured, it could be one fixed value agnostic to conditions such as SCS and CP; or it could be a set of values corresponding to a set of conditions such as SCS and CP, e.g., Zl = 2 corresponds to SCS = 15KHz & CP = normal CP; Zl = 4 corresponds to SCS = 30KHz & CP = normal ...); or Zl could be a configurable value, which can be carried in the same message/signaling, e.g., MIB, together with the information element (IE) indicating the bandwidth of the CORESET for the RMSI. [00164] The bandwidth of the initial active UL BWP may be linked to (e.g., corresponding to) the bandwidth of the initial active DL BWP(s), e.g., the bandwidth of the initial active UL BWP(s) is simply the same as the bandwidth of the initial active UL BWP(s); or the bandwidth of the initial active UL BWP(s) can be calculated from the bandwidth of the CORESET for RMSI, e.g., the bandwidth of the initial active UL BWP(s) has some offset value Z2 (Z2 is an integer with the unit of PRBs or with the unit of subcarrier in frequency domain; Z2 could be positive integer, or negative integer, or could also be zero) from that of the initial active DL BWP(s), where Z2 could be a predefined/preconfigured value, e.g. it is clearly specified and stored in the memory of UE 102 for use directly (if Z2 is predefined/preconfigured, it could be one fixed value agnostic to conditions such as SCS and CP; or it could be a set of values corresponding to a set of conditions such as SCS and CP, e.g., Z2 = 2 corresponds to SCS = 15KHz & CP = normal CP; Z2 = 4 corresponds to SCS = 30KHz & CP = normal ...); or Z2 could be a configurable value, which can be carried in the same message/signaling, e.g., MIB, together with the (IE) indicating the bandwidth of the CORESET for the RMSI.

[00165] In the above design, the bandwidth of the initial active DL BWP can be obtained from the bandwidth of the CORESET for the RMSI, and the bandwidth of the initial active UL BWP can be obtained from the bandwidth of the initial active DL BWP. So the bandwidth of the initial active UL BWP is obtained from the bandwidth of the CORESET for the RMSI indirectly. In fact, there could be another alternative that the initial active UL BWP can be obtained from the bandwidth of the CORESET for the RMSI directly, with the same way as how the bandwidth of the initial active DL BWP is obtained from the bandwidth of the CORESET for the RMSI, if it is configured or predefined/preconfigured in that way.

[00166] Alternative Y-4-1: Y could be defined as the bandwidth of the initial active UL BWP in the unit of PRBs, which is determined based on the bandwidth of CORESET for the RMSI received by the UE. [00167] For the UE 102 in RRC connected mode, the gNB 160 can configure to the UE 102 the bandwidth of the initial active UL BWP or the bandwidth of the configured active UL BWP through dedicated RRC signaling, or LI signaling (e.g., some DCI).

[00168] Alternative Y-4-2: Y could be defined as the bandwidth of the initial active UL BWP or other active UL BWP in the unit of PRBs, which is configured to the UE through dedicated RRC signaling, or Ll signaling (e.g., some DCI).

[00169] For the UE 102 switching from non-default BWP(s) to default BWP(s), the bandwidth of the default BWP(s) can either be configured to the UE through the way of Alternative Y-4-2; or the bandwidth of the default BWP(s) can be preconfigured to the UE and stored in the UE 102 for direct use; or the bandwidth of the default UL BWP(s) can reuse the bandwidth of the UL BWP(s) stored in UE, e.g., the bandwidth of the UL BWP(s) right before the UL BWP(s) switching, or the bandwidth of the initial active UL BWP(s).

[00170] Alternative Y-4-3: Y could be defined as the bandwidth of the default UL BWP(s) in the unit of PRBs.

[00171] For different application scenarios, either single one, or some combinations of the above-mentioned alternatives Yl, Y2, Y3, Y4-1, Y4-2 and Y4-2 is/are applicable.

[00172] An example of a RACH-ConfigCommon information element is provided in Listing (2).

Listing (2)

[00173] Figure 6 illustrates various components that may be utilized in a UE 602. The UE 602 described in connection with Figure 6 may be implemented in accordance with the UE 102 described in connection with Figure 1. The UE 602 includes a processor 603 that controls operation of the UE 602. The processor 603 may also be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU). Memory 605, which may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a combination of the two or any type of device that may store information, provides instructions 607a and data 609a to the processor 603. A portion of the memory 605 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). Instructions 607b and data 609b may also reside in the processor 603. Instructions 607b and/or data 609b loaded into the processor 603 may also include instructions 607a and/or data 609a from memory 605 that were loaded for execution or processing by the processor 603. The instructions 607b may be executed by the processor 603 to implement the methods described above.

[00174] The UE 602 may also include a housing that contains one or more transmitters 658 and one or more receivers 620 to allow transmission and reception of data. The transmitter(s) 658 and receiver(s) 620 may be combined into one or more transceivers 618. One or more antennas 622a-n are attached to the housing and electrically coupled to the transceiver 618.

[00175] The various components of the UE 602 are coupled together by a bus system 611, which may include a power bus, a control signal bus and a status signal bus, in addition to a data bus. However, for the sake of clarity, the various buses are illustrated in Figure 6 as the bus system 611. The UE 602 may also include a digital signal processor (DSP) 613 for use in processing signals. The UE 602 may also include a communications interface 615 that provides user access to the functions of the UE 602. The UE 602 illustrated in Figure 6 is a functional block diagram rather than a listing of specific components.

[00176] Figure 7 illustrates various components that may be utilized in a gNB 760. The gNB 760 described in connection with Figure 7 may be implemented in accordance with the gNB 160 described in connection with Figure 1. The gNB 760 includes a processor 703 that controls operation of the gNB 760. The processor 703 may also be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU). Memory 705, which may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a combination of the two or any type of device that may store information, provides instructions 707a and data 709a to the processor 703. A portion of the memory 705 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). Instructions 707b and data 709b may also reside in the processor 703. Instructions 707b and/or data 709b loaded into the processor 703 may also include instructions 707a and/or data 709a from memory 705 that were loaded for execution or processing by the processor 703. The instmctions 707b may be executed by the processor 703 to implement the methods described above.

[00177] The gNB 760 may also include a housing that contains one or more transmitters 717 and one or more receivers 778 to allow transmission and reception of data. The transmitter(s) 717 and receiver(s) 778 may be combined into one or more transceivers 776. One or more antennas 780a-n are attached to the housing and electrically coupled to the transceiver 776.

[00178] The various components of the gNB 760 are coupled together by a bus system 711, which may include a power bus, a control signal bus and a status signal bus, in addition to a data bus. However, for the sake of clarity, the various buses are illustrated in Figure 7 as the bus system 711. The gNB 760 may also include a digital signal processor (DSP) 713 for use in processing signals. The gNB 760 may also include a communications interface 715 that provides user access to the functions of the gNB 760. The gNB 760 illustrated in Figure 7 is a functional block diagram rather than a listing of specific components.

[00179] Figure 8 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a UE 802 in which systems and methods for downlink and/or uplink (re)transmissions may be implemented. The UE 802 includes transmit means 858, receive means 820 and control means 824. The transmit means 858, receive means 820 and control means 824 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described in connection with Figure 1 above. Figure 6 above illustrates one example of a concrete apparatus structure of Figure 8. Other various structures may be implemented to realize one or more of the functions of Figure 1. For example, a DSP may be realized by software.

[00180] Figure 9 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a gNB 960 in which systems and methods for downlink and/or uplink (re)transmissions may be implemented. The gNB 960 includes transmit means 917, receive means 978 and control means 982. The transmit means 917, receive means 978 and control means 982 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described in connection with Figure 1 above. Figure 7 above illustrates one example of a concrete apparatus structure of Figure 9. Other various structures may be implemented to realize one or more of the functions of Figure 1. For example, a DSP may be realized by software.

[00181] Figure 10 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of an gNB 1060. The gNB 1060 may include a higher layer processor 1023, a DL transmitter 1025, a UL receiver 1033, and one or more antenna 1031. The DL transmitter 1025 may include a PDCCH transmitter 1027 and a PDSCH transmitter 1029. The UL receiver 1033 may include a PUCCH receiver 1035 and a PUSCH receiver 1037.

[00182] The higher layer processor 1023 may manage physical layer’s behaviors (the DL transmitter’ s and the UL receiver’ s behaviors) and provide higher layer parameters to the physical layer. The higher layer processor 1023 may obtain transport blocks from the physical layer. The higher layer processor 1023 may send/acquire higher layer messages such as an RRC message and MAC message to/from a UE’s higher layer. The higher layer processor 1023 may provide the PDSCH transmitter transport blocks and provide the PDCCH transmitter transmission parameters related to the transport blocks.

[00183] The DL transmitter 1025 may multiplex downlink physical channels and downlink physical signals (including reservation signal) and transmit them via transmission antennas 1031. The UL receiver 1033 may receive multiplexed uplink physical channels and uplink physical signals via receiving antennas 1031 and de multiplex them. The PUCCH receiver 1035 may provide the higher layer processor 1023 UCI. The PUSCH receiver 1037 may provide the higher layer processor 1023 received transport blocks.

[00184] Figure 11 is a block diagram illustrating one implementation of a UE 1102. The UE 1102 may include a higher layer processor 1123, a UL transmitter 1151, a DL receiver 1143, and one or more antenna 1131. The UL transmitter 1151 may include a PUCCH transmitter 1153 and a PUSCH transmitter 1155. The DL receiver 1143 may include a PDCCH receiver 1145 and a PDSCH receiver 1147.

[00185] The higher layer processor 1123 may manage physical layer’s behaviors (the UL transmitter’ s and the DL receiver’ s behaviors) and provide higher layer parameters to the physical layer. The higher layer processor 1123 may obtain transport blocks from the physical layer. The higher layer processor 1123 may send/acquire higher layer messages such as an RRC message and MAC message to/from a UE’s higher layer. The higher layer processor 1123 may provide the PUSCH transmitter transport blocks and provide the PUCCH transmitter 1153 UCI.

[00186] The DL receiver 1143 may receive multiplexed downlink physical channels and downlink physical signals via receiving antennas 1131 and de-multiplex them. The PDCCH receiver 1145 may provide the higher layer processor 1123 DCI. The PDSCH receiver 1147 may provide the higher layer processor 1123 received transport blocks.

[00187] As described above, some methods for the DL and/or UL transmissions (e.g., the random access procedure) may be applied (e.g., specified). Here, the combination of one or more of the some methods described above may be applied for the DL and/or UL transmission (e.g., the PDSCH transmission and/or the PUSCH transmission). The combination of the one or more of the some methods described above may not be precluded in the described systems and methods.

[00188] It should be noted that names of physical channels described herein are examples. The other names such as “NRPDCCH, NRPDSCH, NRPUCCH and NRPUSCH,”“new Generation-(G)PDCCH, GPDSCH, GPUCCH and GPUSCH” or the like can be used.

[00189] The term“computer-readable medium” refers to any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a processor. The term“computer-readable medium,” as used herein, may denote a computer- and/or processor-readable medium that is non- transitory and tangible. By way of example and not limitation, a computer-readable or processor-readable medium may comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer or processor. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray® disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.

[00190] It should be noted that one or more of the methods described herein may be implemented in and/or performed using hardware. For example, one or more of the methods described herein may be implemented in and/or realized using a chipset, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a large-scale integrated circuit (LSI) or integrated circuit, etc.

[00191] Each of the methods disclosed herein comprises one or more steps or actions for achieving the described method. The method steps and/or actions may be interchanged with one another and/or combined into a single step without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions is required for proper operation of the method that is being described, the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims.

[00192] It is to be understood that the claims are not limited to the precise configuration and components illustrated above. Various modifications, changes and variations may be made in the arrangement, operation and details of the systems, methods and apparatus described herein without departing from the scope of the claims.

[00193] A program running on the gNB 160 or the UE 102 according to the described systems and methods is a program (a program for causing a computer to operate) that controls a CPU and the like in such a manner as to realize the function according to the described systems and methods. Then, the information that is handled in these apparatuses is temporarily stored in a RAM while being processed. Thereafter, the information is stored in various ROMs or HDDs, and whenever necessary, is read by the CPU to be modified or written. As a recording medium on which the program is stored, among a semiconductor (for example, a ROM, a nonvolatile memory card, and the like), an optical storage medium (for example, a DVD, a MO, a MD, a CD, a BD and the like), a magnetic storage medium (for example, a magnetic tape, a flexible disk and the like) and the like, any one may be possible. Furthermore, in some cases, the function according to the described systems and methods described above is realized by running the loaded program, and in addition, the function according to the described systems and methods is realized in conjunction with an operating system or other application programs, based on an instruction from the program.

[00194] Furthermore, in a case where the programs are available on the market, the program stored on a portable recording medium can be distributed or the program can be transmitted to a server computer that connects through a network such as the Internet. In this case, a storage device in the server computer also is included. Furthermore, some or all of the gNB 160 and the UE 102 according to the systems and methods described above may be realized as an LSI that is a typical integrated circuit. Each functional block of the gNB 160 and the UE 102 may be individually built into a chip, and some or all functional blocks may be integrated into a chip. Furthermore, a technique of the integrated circuit is not limited to the LSI, and an integrated circuit for the functional block may be realized with a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor. Furthermore, if with advances in a semiconductor technology, a technology of an integrated circuit that substitutes for the LSI appears, it is also possible to use an integrated circuit to which the technology applies.

[00195] Moreover, each functional block or various features of the base station device and the terminal device used in each of the aforementioned embodiments may be implemented or executed by a circuitry, which is typically an integrated circuit or a plurality of integrated circuits. The circuitry designed to execute the functions described in the present specification may comprise a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific or general application integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic, or a discrete hardware component, or a combination thereof. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or alternatively, the processor may be a conventional processor, a controller, a microcontroller, or a state machine. The general-purpose processor or each circuit described above may be configured by a digital circuit or may be configured by an analogue circuit. Further, when a technology of making into an integrated circuit superseding integrated circuits at the present time appears due to advancement of a semiconductor technology, the integrated circuit by this technology is also able to be used.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) comprising:

receiving circuitry configured to receive a Random Access Response message

(Msg2) scrambled by a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI),

wherein the RA-RNTI is computed based on a time resource and a frequency resource utilized for Random Access Preamble transmission, wherein the time resource is determined by a number of slots, which depends on a subcarrier spacing (SCS) used.

2. A base station apparatus (gNB) comprising:

transmitting circuitry configured to transmit a Random Access Response message (Msg2) scrambled by a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI),

3. A communication method of a user equipment (UE) comprising:

receiving a Random Access Response message (Msg2) scrambled by a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI),

4. A communication method of a base station apparatus (gNB) comprising:

transmitting a Random Access Response message (Msg2) scrambled by a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI),