WO2019159112A1 - Method for location approximation - Google Patents
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- WO2019159112A1 WO2019159112A1 PCT/IB2019/051216 IB2019051216W WO2019159112A1 WO 2019159112 A1 WO2019159112 A1 WO 2019159112A1 IB 2019051216 W IB2019051216 W IB 2019051216W WO 2019159112 A1 WO2019159112 A1 WO 2019159112A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/023—Interference mitigation, e.g. reducing or avoiding non-intentional interference with other HF-transmitters, base station transmitters for mobile communication or other radar systems, e.g. using electro-magnetic interference [EMI] reduction techniques
- G01S7/0232—Avoidance by frequency multiplex
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/87—Combinations of radar systems, e.g. primary radar and secondary radar
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/003—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations
- G01S7/006—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations using shared front-end circuitry, e.g. antennas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/023—Interference mitigation, e.g. reducing or avoiding non-intentional interference with other HF-transmitters, base station transmitters for mobile communication or other radar systems, e.g. using electro-magnetic interference [EMI] reduction techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/023—Interference mitigation, e.g. reducing or avoiding non-intentional interference with other HF-transmitters, base station transmitters for mobile communication or other radar systems, e.g. using electro-magnetic interference [EMI] reduction techniques
- G01S7/0234—Avoidance by code multiplex
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/023—Interference mitigation, e.g. reducing or avoiding non-intentional interference with other HF-transmitters, base station transmitters for mobile communication or other radar systems, e.g. using electro-magnetic interference [EMI] reduction techniques
- G01S7/0236—Avoidance by space multiplex
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
- G01S2013/9316—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles combined with communication equipment with other vehicles or with base stations
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a target location approximation system based upon time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals. By utilizing high-resolution subspace signals the overall accuracy of location approximation is improved.
- Wireless communication networks and radar functionalities have been a main focus among automobile manufacturers and research groups.
- the immense benefits related to wireless technologies is the main reason for the extra attention.
- Automatic driving and artificial intelligence (AI) are some of the services that have been made possible through advancements in the wireless technology industry.
- Vehicle to everything is a communication method where a selected vehicle utilizes a variety of sensors and transmission signals to fulfill autonomous driving requirements. Since many vehicles utilize similar wireless technologies, interference and jamming can occur and can affect the overall accuracy of an obtained result.
- the present invention intends to address the issue by utilizing a set of time domain subspace signals and a set of spatial domain subspace signals. More specifically, the present invention utilizes a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna to create a subspace -based radar communication system. By deriving a time delay and determining a direction of arrival of a plurality of reflected signals, the present invention can proceed to determine a location approximation for a selected number of targets located within an operational range of the MIMO antenna. Since interference and jamming is eliminated, an accurate result can be derived through the present invention.
- MIMO multiple-input and multiple-output
- FIG. 1 is an illustration of utilizing the present invention with a plurality of targets.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an illustration of the location approximation process.
- FIG. 4 is an illustration of using the spatial subspace processor to determine the direction of arrival of each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
- FIG. 5 is flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of using the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm to determine the DOA of each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
- MUSIC multiple signal classification
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of executing the MUSIC algorithm to determine the DOA of each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of using the MUSIC algorithm to calculate the time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of executing the MUSIC algorithm to calculate the time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of executing the MUSIC algorithm to assess a quantity for the plurality of targets through a sequence of hypothesis tests.
- FIG. 10 is an illustration of the pilot uplink signal encoding module and received signal decoding process.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of encoding the pilot uplink signal and decoding the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of encoding the pilot uplink signal as a direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS).
- DSSS direct-sequence spread spectrum
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of encoding the pilot uplink signal as a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence.
- FIG. 14 is an illustration of using a match-filtering unit to filter out a downlink signal.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of filtering out the downlink signal through a match-filtering unit.
- PN pseudo-noise
- FIG. 16 is an illustration of using a radar processor in the location approximation process.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of using the radar process in the location approximation process.
- FIG. 18 is an illustration of transmitting a summation output from the spatial subspace processor to the temporal subspace processor.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of using at least one tapped delay line.
- FIG. 20 is another illustration of the location approximation process.
- the present invention introduces a method that can be used for target location approximation.
- the present invention utilizes communication standards that can be, but is not limited to, fourth generation (4G) wireless, fifth generation (5G) wireless, 4G-long term evolution (4G-LTE), and Wi-Fi.
- the present invention utilizes high- resolution subspace signals within the previously listed communication standards for time delay calculations and for determining the direction of arrival (DOA) of a signal.
- DOA direction of arrival
- a subspace estimation algorithm is used along with time delay calculations and the DOA of a signal to derive a target location approximation, wherein the subspace estimation algorithm optimizes the overall target detection accuracy.
- the present invention is provided with an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless device that comprises a wireless terminal, a multiple-input and multiple-output antenna, a spatial subspace processor, and a temporal subspace processor (Step A).
- the wireless terminal functions as an access point for an incoming signal or an outgoing signal.
- the MIMO antenna is used to determine an operational range that the present invention can be used in.
- the present invention can be used with a set of targets that is located within an operational range of the MIMO antenna.
- the present invention utilizes the wireless terminal to transmit a pilot uplink signal, which comprises a plurality of subcarriers, towards a plurality of targets that are positioned within an operational range of the MIMO antenna (Step B).
- the operational range of the MIMO antenna can vary from one embodiment to another.
- the present invention proceeds to receive an ambient signal through the MIMO antenna, wherein the ambient signal comprises a plurality of overlapping echo signals (Step C).
- the plurality of overlapping echo signals is used in the target location approximation process since the plurality of overlapping echo signals is generated after the plurality of targets receive the pilot uplink signal.
- the present invention utilizes the spatial subspace processor of the OFDM-based wireless device to derive a direction of arrival (DOA) for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals (Step D).
- DOA direction of arrival
- the plurality of overlapping echo signals is processed by the spatial subspace processor.
- the temporal subspace processor is used to calculate a time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
- the plurality of overlapping echo signals is processed by the temporal subspace processor (Step E).
- the time delay is calculated by comparing the pilot uplink signal with each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
- the present invention proceeds to derive a location approximation for the plurality of targets through the OFDM-based wireless device (Step F).
- the spatial subspace processor is provided with a multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm which is generally used for frequency estimation and radio direction finding.
- MUSIC multiple signal classification
- the MUSIC algorithm is executed through the spatial subspace processor so that each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals is initially represented as a representative eigenvector through the MUSIC algorithm.
- the MIMO antenna is an antenna array consisting of M points, and stacks the plurality of overlapping echo signals in a vector of length M
- the MUSIC algorithm is used to derive the following equation:
- the representative eigenvector is used to estimate a maximum eigenvector, wherein the maximum eigenvector is also derived through the MUSIC algorithm.
- the maximum eigenvector is defined by:
- i i, 2 , . . .k] s(t) + n(t)
- the present invention proceeds to derive the DOA for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals by searching a
- i i,2, . . .k] S A [Q;
- i i,2, . . .k] * + N and the vector used for the DOA of each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals can be shown as:
- Q represents the operational range of the MIMO antenna and E j represents the j th eigenvector of the covariance matrix.
- the covariance matrix can be represented as:
- the DOA estimate can be determined by plotting the data points according to the following equation which is used to estimate the maximum eigenvector from the representative eigenvector.
- the output of the spatial subspace processor is transferred to the temporal subspace processor as an input. Similar to the spatial subspace processor using the MUSIC algorithm to determine the DOA, the temporal subspace processor utilizes the MUSIC algorithm to calculate the time delay. As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, in the process of calculating the time delay, the plurality of overlapping echo signals is initially represented as a representative eigenvector by executing the MUSIC algorithm through the temporal subspace processor. Next, the MUSIC algorithm is applied to estimate a minimum eigenvector from the representative eigenvector so that the time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals can be calculated by searching a
- the minimum eigenvector will be orthogonal to a signature vector of each of the plurality of
- a selected signal from the plurality of overlapping echo signals can be represented through the following equation.
- Q represents the time delay for the i th target that resulted in the selected signal represented above.
- the MIMO antenna is preferably an antenna array.
- Each antenna of the antenna array is provided with at least one tapped delay line that allows a signal to be delayed by several samples.
- the DOA for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals is derived through the spatial subspace processor.
- a summation output from the spatial subspace processor is transmitted to the temporal subspace processor, wherein the summation output is derived by summing the outputs from each antenna of the antenna array.
- the time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals can be calculated.
- the Rayleigh quotient can also be used in time delay calculations. When used, the Rayleigh quotient can be defined by the following equation.
- the MUSIC algorithm can also be used to determine the number of targets that initiated the plurality of overlapping echo signals. As shown in FIG. 9, in order to do so, the present invention utilizes the MUSIC algorithm to derive a likelihood ratio for a set of selected eigenvalues from the representative eigenvector. Next, the quantity for the plurality of targets is assessed by performing a sequence of hypotheses tests on the set of selected eigenvalues selected from the representative eigenvector. To do so, the MUSIC algorithm compares a likelihood ratio for each of the set of selected eigenvalues.
- the present invention can utilize an encoding process and a decoding process. More specifically, the pilot uplink signal can be encoded initially, and the plurality of overlapping echo signals can be decoded when received. As seen in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the OFDM-based wireless device is provided with a channel encoding module and a channel decoding module. Thus, the pilot uplink signal can be encoded prior to being transmitted from the wireless terminal.
- the encoding process can vary in different embodiments of the present invention.
- the pilot uplink signal can be encoded as a direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) so that the data of the pilot uplink signal is spread along a larger bandwidth.
- the pilot uplink signal can be encoded as a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence.
- PN pseudo-noise
- the ambient signal further comprises a downlink signal that is transmitted from at least one base station that is communicably coupled with the OFDM-based wireless device.
- the OFDM-based wireless device is provided with a match-filtering unit. Therefore, by transmitting the ambient signal through the match-filtering unit, the ambient signal can be filtered out and the plurality of overlapping echo signals can be isolated for time delay calculations and determining the DOA.
- the OFDM-based wireless device is provided with a radar processor.
- the radar processor is used to receive the time delay information and the DOA information to accurately derive the location approximation for the plurality of targets.
- the time delay for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals determined through the temporal subspace processor, and the DOA for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals determined through the spatial subspace processor is transmitted to the radar processor.
- the radar processor proceeds to derive the location approximation for the plurality of targets as an output.
- a corresponding speed can also be derived from the location approximation.
Abstract
A method for location approximation through time-domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals is provided with an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless device that includes a wireless terminal, a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna, a spatial subspace processor, and a temporal subspace processor. An uplink signal is transmitted from the wireless terminal towards a plurality of targets positioned within an operational range of the MIMO antenna. A plurality of reflected signals generated from the plurality of targets and is received through the MIMO antenna. The plurality of reflected signals is processed at the spatial subspace processor to determine a direction of arrival (DOA) for each of plurality of reflected signals. Each of the plurality of reflected signals is processed by the temporal subspace processor to determine a time delay. The time delay and the DOA are utilized to derive a location approximation for the plurality of targets.
Description
METHOD FOR LOCATION APPROXIMATION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to a target location approximation system based upon time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals. By utilizing high-resolution subspace signals the overall accuracy of location approximation is improved.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Wireless communication networks and radar functionalities have been a main focus among automobile manufacturers and research groups. The immense benefits related to wireless technologies is the main reason for the extra attention. Automatic driving and artificial intelligence (AI) are some of the services that have been made possible through advancements in the wireless technology industry.
Vehicle to everything, also known as V2X, is a communication method where a selected vehicle utilizes a variety of sensors and transmission signals to fulfill autonomous driving requirements. Since many vehicles utilize similar wireless technologies, interference and jamming can occur and can affect the overall accuracy of an obtained result. The present invention intends to address the issue by utilizing a set of time domain subspace signals and a set of spatial domain subspace signals. More specifically, the present invention utilizes a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna to create a subspace -based radar communication system. By deriving a time delay and determining a direction of arrival of a plurality of reflected signals, the present invention can proceed to determine a location approximation for a selected number of targets located within an operational range of the MIMO antenna. Since interference and jamming is eliminated, an accurate result can be derived through the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an illustration of utilizing the present invention with a plurality of targets.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an illustration of the location approximation process.
FIG. 4 is an illustration of using the spatial subspace processor to determine the direction of arrival of each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
FIG. 5 is flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of using the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm to determine the DOA of each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of executing the MUSIC algorithm to determine the DOA of each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of using the MUSIC algorithm to calculate the time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of executing the MUSIC algorithm to calculate the time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of executing the MUSIC algorithm to assess a quantity for the plurality of targets through a sequence of hypothesis tests.
FIG. 10 is an illustration of the pilot uplink signal encoding module and received signal decoding process.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of encoding the pilot uplink signal and decoding the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of encoding the pilot uplink signal as a direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS).
FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of encoding the pilot uplink signal as a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence.
FIG. 14 is an illustration of using a match-filtering unit to filter out a downlink signal. FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of filtering out the downlink signal through a match-filtering unit.
FIG. 16 is an illustration of using a radar processor in the location approximation process. FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of using the radar process in the location approximation process.
FIG. 18 is an illustration of transmitting a summation output from the spatial subspace processor to the temporal subspace processor.
FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating the basic overall process of using at least one tapped delay line.
FIG. 20 is another illustration of the location approximation process.
DETAIL DESCRIPTIONS OF THE INVENTION
All illustrations of the drawings are for the purpose of describing selected versions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The present invention introduces a method that can be used for target location approximation. To do so, the present invention utilizes communication standards that can be, but is not limited to, fourth generation (4G) wireless, fifth generation (5G) wireless, 4G-long term evolution (4G-LTE), and Wi-Fi. The present invention utilizes high- resolution subspace signals within the previously listed communication standards for time delay calculations and for determining the direction of arrival (DOA) of a signal.
A subspace estimation algorithm is used along with time delay calculations and the DOA of a signal to derive a target location approximation, wherein the subspace estimation algorithm optimizes the overall target detection accuracy.
As seen in FIGS. 1-4 and FIG. 20, to fulfill the intended functionalities, the present invention is provided with an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless device that comprises a wireless terminal, a multiple-input and multiple-output antenna, a spatial subspace processor, and a temporal subspace processor
(Step A). The wireless terminal functions as an access point for an incoming signal or an outgoing signal. On the other hand, the MIMO antenna is used to determine an operational range that the present invention can be used in. In other words, the present invention can be used with a set of targets that is located within an operational range of the MIMO antenna.
To initiate the location approximation process, the present invention utilizes the wireless terminal to transmit a pilot uplink signal, which comprises a plurality of subcarriers, towards a plurality of targets that are positioned within an operational range of the MIMO antenna (Step B). The operational range of the MIMO antenna can vary from one embodiment to another. After the pilot uplink signal is transmitted
omnidirectionally towards the plurality of targets, the present invention proceeds to receive an ambient signal through the MIMO antenna, wherein the ambient signal comprises a plurality of overlapping echo signals (Step C). The plurality of overlapping echo signals is used in the target location approximation process since the plurality of overlapping echo signals is generated after the plurality of targets receive the pilot uplink signal.
When the plurality of overlapping echo signals is received at the OFDM-based wireless device, the present invention utilizes the spatial subspace processor of the OFDM-based wireless device to derive a direction of arrival (DOA) for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals (Step D). To do so, the plurality of overlapping echo signals is processed by the spatial subspace processor. The temporal subspace processor is used to calculate a time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals. To do so, the plurality of overlapping echo signals is processed by the temporal subspace processor (Step E). At the temporal subspace processor, the time delay is calculated by comparing the pilot uplink signal with each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals. When the DOA for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals and the time delay between the pilot uplink signal and the plurality of overlapping echo signals are determined, the present invention proceeds to derive a location approximation for the plurality of targets through the OFDM-based wireless device (Step F).
As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, to derive the DOA of each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals, the spatial subspace processor is provided with a multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm which is generally used for frequency estimation and radio direction finding. In the process of deriving the DOA, the MUSIC algorithm is executed through the spatial subspace processor so that each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals is initially represented as a representative eigenvector through the MUSIC algorithm. When the MIMO antenna is an antenna array consisting of M points, and stacks the plurality of overlapping echo signals in a vector of length M, the MUSIC algorithm is used to derive the following equation:
Next, the representative eigenvector is used to estimate a maximum eigenvector, wherein the maximum eigenvector is also derived through the MUSIC algorithm. The maximum eigenvector is defined by:
At (Q) = [ s(ti - Q), s(t2 - Q) . . . . s(tM - q)]t when a signal selected from the plurality of overlapping echo signals is represented in a vector format as: r(t) = A [ Ci |i=i,2, . . .k] s(t) + n(t)
When the maximum eigenvector is estimated, the present invention proceeds to derive the DOA for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals by searching a
corresponding subspace spanned by the maximum eigenvector. The covariance matrix of a selected signal from the plurality of echo signals can be shown as:
R = A [ qί |i=i,2, . . .k] S A [Q; |i=i,2, . . .k]* + N and the vector used for the DOA of each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals can be shown as:
wherein Q represents the operational range of the MIMO antenna and Ej represents the jth eigenvector of the covariance matrix.
If the plurality of overlapping echo signals consisted of a K-number of signals, the covariance matrix can be represented as:
(1/K)åf=ir(ts}r*<i,}
If a spectral decomposition was performed on the covariance matrix, the following equation can be derived:
Wherein, li < l2 < ... < lM.
As a final step of the calculations, the DOA estimate can be determined by plotting the data points according to the following equation which is used to estimate the maximum eigenvector from the representative eigenvector.
As discussed earlier, after the DOA for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals is determined, the output of the spatial subspace processor is transferred to the temporal subspace processor as an input. Similar to the spatial subspace processor using the MUSIC algorithm to determine the DOA, the temporal subspace processor utilizes the MUSIC algorithm to calculate the time delay.
As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, in the process of calculating the time delay, the plurality of overlapping echo signals is initially represented as a representative eigenvector by executing the MUSIC algorithm through the temporal subspace processor. Next, the MUSIC algorithm is applied to estimate a minimum eigenvector from the representative eigenvector so that the time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals can be calculated by searching a
corresponding subspace derived from the minimum eigenvector. The minimum eigenvector will be orthogonal to a signature vector of each of the plurality of
overlapping echo signals. A selected signal from the plurality of overlapping echo signals can be represented through the following equation.
In this instance, Q represents the time delay for the ith target that resulted in the selected signal represented above. When the time delay calculations are performed over a time period defined from 0 to T, the following equation expresses the time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
To accommodate multiple angles, transmit omnidirectionally, and receive the plurality of overlapping echo signals from varying angles, the MIMO antenna is preferably an antenna array. Each antenna of the antenna array is provided with at least one tapped delay line that allows a signal to be delayed by several samples. When in use, the DOA for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals is derived through the spatial subspace processor. Next, as shown in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19, a summation output from the spatial subspace processor is transmitted to the temporal subspace processor, wherein the summation output is derived by summing the outputs from each antenna of the antenna array. When the summation output is received at the temporal subspace
processor, the time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals can be calculated.
The Rayleigh quotient can also be used in time delay calculations. When used, the Rayleigh quotient can be defined by the following equation.
When calculating the time delay using the Rayleigh principle for observations {r(i),i= 1,... ,n), the Rayleigh quotient for the observations can be defined as: mi¾. J{%) subject to x7x = 1 x (k) = a (k) [ x(k-l) - P(k)\|/(k)e(k)]
To accommodate the time delay that is not constant due to the varying speeds of each of the plurality of targets, a forget factor of l is introduced, and the overall Rayleigh function would change to the following equation:
Thus, the recursive algorithm derived from the Rayleigh principle would change to the following equation:
After further calculations, the minimum eigenvector can be determined as follows: x(k) = a(k)[x(k-l) - P(k)\|/(k)e(k)]
v[/(k) = r(k) - x(k-l) e(k)
Similar to calculating the time delay and the DOA for the plurality of overlapping echo signals, the MUSIC algorithm can also be used to determine the number of targets that initiated the plurality of overlapping echo signals. As shown in FIG. 9, in order to do so, the present invention utilizes the MUSIC algorithm to derive a likelihood ratio for a set of selected eigenvalues from the representative eigenvector. Next, the quantity for the plurality of targets is assessed by performing a sequence of hypotheses tests on the set of selected eigenvalues selected from the representative eigenvector. To do so, the MUSIC algorithm compares a likelihood ratio for each of the set of selected eigenvalues. By doing so, a quantity of the plurality of targets is derived, wherein each of the quantity of the plurality of targets corresponds to a signal selected from the plurality of overlapping echo signals. The likelihood ratio used in the calculation can be represented as:
To increase the overall accuracy of the location approximation process, the present invention can utilize an encoding process and a decoding process. More specifically, the pilot uplink signal can be encoded initially, and the plurality of overlapping echo signals can be decoded when received. As seen in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the OFDM-based wireless device is provided with a channel encoding module and a channel decoding module. Thus, the pilot uplink signal can be encoded prior to being transmitted from the wireless terminal. The encoding process can vary in different embodiments of the present invention. As seen in FIG. 12, in one instance, the pilot uplink signal can be encoded as a direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) so that the data of the pilot uplink signal is spread along a larger bandwidth. As seen in FIG. 13, in another instance, the pilot uplink signal can be encoded as a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence. When the pilot uplink signal that was encoded results in the plurality of overlapping echo signals, the channel decoding module decodes the plurality of overlapping echo signals received through the MIMO antenna at the wireless terminal. The decoding process ensures that the original data of the pilot uplink signal is restored from the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
In addition to the plurality of overlapping echo signals, the ambient signal further comprises a downlink signal that is transmitted from at least one base station that is communicably coupled with the OFDM-based wireless device. Thus, as shown in FIG.
14 and FIG. 15, to filter out the downlink signal and isolate the plurality of overlapping echo signals, the OFDM-based wireless device is provided with a match-filtering unit. Therefore, by transmitting the ambient signal through the match-filtering unit, the ambient signal can be filtered out and the plurality of overlapping echo signals can be isolated for time delay calculations and determining the DOA.
As shown in FIG. 16 and FIG. 17, to aid with the process of location
approximation, the OFDM-based wireless device is provided with a radar processor.
More specifically, the radar processor is used to receive the time delay information and the DOA information to accurately derive the location approximation for the plurality of targets. To do so, the time delay for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals determined through the temporal subspace processor, and the DOA for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals determined through the spatial subspace processor is
transmitted to the radar processor. Thus, the radar processor proceeds to derive the location approximation for the plurality of targets as an output. In addition to the location information, a corresponding speed can also be derived from the location approximation.
Although the invention has been explained in relation to its preferred
embodiment, it is to be understood that many other possible modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
Claims
1. A method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless device comprises the steps of:
(A) providing an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)- based wireless device, wherein the OFDM-based wireless device comprises a wireless terminal, a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna, a spatial subspace processor, and a temporal subspace processor;
(B) transmitting a pilot uplink signal through the wireless terminal to a plurality of targets, wherein the plurality of targets is positioned within an operational range of the MIMO antenna;
(C) receiving an ambient signal through the MIMO antenna, wherein the ambient signal comprises a plurality of overlapping echo signals, wherein the plurality of overlapping echo signals is generated from each of the plurality of targets;
(D) deriving a direction of arrival (DOA) for each of the plurality of
overlapping signals with the OFDM-based wireless device by processing the plurality of overlapping echo signals through the spatial subspace processor;
(E) calculating a time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals with the OFDM-based wireless device by processing the plurality of overlapping echo signals through the temporal subspace processor; and
(F) deriving a location approximation for the plurality of targets with the OFDM-based wireless device from the time delay for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals and the DOA for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
2. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 1 further comprises the steps of:
providing the spatial subspace processor with a multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm; and
deriving the DOA for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals by executing the MUSIC algorithm with the spatial subspace processor.
3. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 2 further comprises the steps of:
representing the plurality of overlapping echo signals as a representative eigenvector through the MUSIC algorithm;
estimating a maximum eigenvector through the MUSIC algorithm, wherein the maximum eigenvector is estimated from the representative algorithm; and
deriving the DOA for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals by searching a corresponding subspace spanned by the maximum eigenvector.
4. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 1 further comprises the steps of:
providing the temporal subspace processor with a MUSIC algorithm; and calculating the time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals by executing the MUSIC algorithm with the temporal subspace processor.
5. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 4 further comprises the steps of:
representing the plurality of overlapping echo signals as a representative eigenvector through the MUSIC algorithm;
estimating a minimum eigenvector through the MUSIC algorithm, wherein the minimum eigenvector is estimated from the representative eigenvector; and
calculating the time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of echo signals by searching a corresponding subspace derived from the minimum eigenvector.
6. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the minimum eigenvector is orthogonal to a signature vector of each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
7. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 4 further comprises the steps of:
representing each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals as a representative eigenvector through the MUSIC algorithm;
deriving a likelihood ratio for a set of selected eigenvalues from the representative eigenvector with the MUSIC algorithm; and
assessing a quantity for the plurality of targets by performing a sequence of hypothesis tests for the set of selected eigenvalues with the MUSIC algorithm, wherein the sequence of hypothesis tests is performed by comparing the likelihood ratio for each of the set of selected eigenvalues.
8. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 1 further comprises the steps of:
providing the OFDM-based wireless device with a channel encoding module and a channel decoding module;
encoding the pilot uplink signal through the channel encoding module, wherein the pilot uplink signal is encoded before transmitting the pilot uplink signal from the wireless terminal; and
decoding each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals through the channel decoding module, wherein the plurality of overlapping echo signals is decoded after being received at the wireless terminal.
9. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the pilot uplink signal is encoded through the channel encoding module as a direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS).
10. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the pilot uplink signal is encoded as a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence.
11. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 1 further comprises the steps of:
providing the ambient signal with a downlink signal, wherein the downlink signal is transmitted from at least one base station that is communicably coupled with the OFDM-based wireless device;
providing the OFDM-based wireless device with a match-filtering unit; transferring the ambient signal through the match-filtering unit; and filtering out the downlink signal through the match-filtering unit and isolating the plurality of overlapping echo signals.
12. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 1 further comprises the steps of:
providing the OFDM-based wireless device with a radar processor;
transmitting the DOA for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals from the spatial subspace processor to the radar processor;
transmitting the time delay for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals from the temporal subspace processor to the radar processor; and
deriving the location approximation as an output of the radar processor.
13. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 1 further comprises the steps of:
wherein the MIMO antenna is an antenna array;
providing each antenna of the antenna array with at least one tapped delay line;
deriving the DOA for each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals by transmitting the plurality of overlapping echo signals through the spatial subspace processor;
transmitting a summation output from the spatial subspace processor to the temporal subspace processor, wherein the summation output is derived from each antenna of the antenna array; and
calculating the time delay between the pilot uplink signal and each of the plurality of overlapping echo signals with the temporal subspace processor.
14. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a corresponding speed for each of the plurality of targets is derived from the location approximation.
15. The method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through OFDM-based wireless device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pilot uplink signal comprises a plurality of subcarriers.
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US16/276,288 US10805022B2 (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2019-02-14 | Method of using time domain subspace signals and spatial domain subspace signals for location approximation through orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing |
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