WO2019158212A1 - Appareil de communication, procédé et programme informatique d'attribution de ressources de dispositif à dispositif - Google Patents

Appareil de communication, procédé et programme informatique d'attribution de ressources de dispositif à dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019158212A1
WO2019158212A1 PCT/EP2018/053953 EP2018053953W WO2019158212A1 WO 2019158212 A1 WO2019158212 A1 WO 2019158212A1 EP 2018053953 W EP2018053953 W EP 2018053953W WO 2019158212 A1 WO2019158212 A1 WO 2019158212A1
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Prior art keywords
probability density
density function
transmission
resources
function
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PCT/EP2018/053953
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English (en)
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Torsten WILDSCHEK
Matthew Baker
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Nokia Technologies Oy
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Priority to PCT/EP2018/053953 priority Critical patent/WO2019158212A1/fr
Publication of WO2019158212A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019158212A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/535—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on resource usage policies

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a method, apparatus, system and computer program.
  • the present application relates to selecting transmission resources in dependence upon probability density functions.
  • a communication system can be seen as a facility that enables communication sessions between two or more entities such as user terminals, base stations and/or other nodes by providing carriers between the various entities involved in the communications path.
  • a communication system can be provided, for example, by means of a communication network and one or more compatible communication devices.
  • the communication sessions may comprise, for example, communication of data for carrying communications such as voice, video, electronic mail (email), text message, multimedia and/or content data and so on.
  • Non-limiting examples of services provided comprise two- way or multi-way calls, data communication or multimedia services and access to a data network system, such as the Internet.
  • wireless communication system In a wireless communication system, at least a part of a communication session between at least two stations occurs over a wireless link.
  • wireless systems comprise public land mobile networks (PLMN), satellite based communication systems and different wireless local networks, for example wireless local area networks (WLAN).
  • PLMN public land mobile networks
  • WLAN wireless local area networks
  • the wireless systems can typically be divided into cells, and are therefore often referred to as cellular systems.
  • a user can access the communication system by means of an appropriate communication device or terminal.
  • a communication device of a user may be referred to as user equipment (UE) or user device.
  • UE user equipment
  • a communication device is provided with an appropriate signal receiving and transmitting apparatus for enabling communications, for example enabling access to a communication network or communications directly with other users.
  • the communication device may access a carrier provided by a station, for example a base station of a cell, and transmit and/or receive communications on the carrier.
  • the communication system and associated devices typically operate in accordance with a given standard or specification which sets out what the various entities associated with the system are permitted to do and how that should be achieved. Communication protocols and/or parameters which shall be used for the connection are also typically defined.
  • UTRAN 3G radio
  • Other examples of communication systems are the long-term evolution (LTE) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio-access technology and so- called 5G or New Radio (NR) networks. Standardization of 5G or New Radio networks is currently under discussion. LTE is being standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
  • a method comprising: selecting, in dependence on a first probability density function, one or more transmission resources for device to device communication, wherein the first probability density function is a function of the transmission resources; and causing a device to device communication transmission to occur on the selected one or more transmission resources.
  • the first probability density function is a function of the frequency of transmission
  • the selection of the one or more transmission resources comprises selecting one or more frequencies for transmission.
  • the first probability density function is a function of the time of transmission
  • the selection of the one or more transmission resources comprises selecting one or more time slots for transmission.
  • the selection of one or more transmission resources is made from a predetermined set of resources.
  • the first probability density function is, at least in part, a linear function of the transmission resources.
  • the indication of the first probability density function comprises a gradient of the first probability density function.
  • the method comprises prior to the selecting, receiving an indication of the first probability density function.
  • the method comprises receiving the indication of the first probability density function from a base station.
  • the method comprises receiving the indication of the first probability density function from a user device.
  • [0015] comprises receiving one or more updates to the first probability density function; and selecting transmission resources for device to device communication using the updated first probability density function.
  • the method comprises, prior to receiving the one or more updates, receiving an indexed list of a plurality of probability density functions, wherein the one or more updates to the first probability density function comprises an index identifying a probability density function from the indexed list, the method comprising selecting transmission resources using the probability density function indicated by the index.
  • a method comprising: receiving from a base station an indication of a first probability density function, wherein the first probability density function is a function of transmission resources; and transmitting control information to a first device configured to select in dependence on the first probability density function one or more transmission resources for device to device communication, the control information comprising an indication of the first probability density function.
  • the transmitting control information to the first device comprises a broadcast transmission for reception by a plurality of devices.
  • the method comprises: receiving one or more updates to the first probability density function; and transmitting the one or more updates in the control information to the first device.
  • the one or more updates comprise an index identifying a probability density function for use as the first probability density function.
  • a method comprising: generating a first probability density function, wherein the first probability density function is a function of transmission resources; and causing the transmission of an indication of the first probability density function to a first device configured to select in dependence on the first probability density function one or more transmission resources for device to device communication.
  • the method comprises: updating the first probability density function; and causing the transmission of one or more updates of the first probability density function to the first device.
  • the network conditions comprise a load of at least one of: devices configured to autonomously select network resources; and devices configured to transmit on resources indicated by a base station.
  • the network conditions comprise a relative load between devices configured to autonomously select network resources and devices configured to transmit on resources indicated by a base station.
  • the method comprises selecting, in dependence on the first probability density function, one or more transmission resources for device to device communication, wherein a probability of selecting one of the transmission resources is inversely related to a value of the first probability density function; and causing the transmission of an instruction to a second device to perform a device to device communication transmission at the selected one or more transmission resources.
  • the method comprises: generating a second probability density function, wherein the second probability density function is a function of transmission resources, wherein the first probability density function and the second probability density function sum to a constant value at any transmission resource at which they are defined; selecting, in dependence on a second probability density function, one or more transmission resources for device to device communication; and causing the transmission of an instruction to a second device to perform a device to device communication transmission at the selected one or more transmission resources.
  • the method comprises: selecting one or more transmission resources for device to device communication from a predefined set of resources excluding one or more resources for which the first probability density function is at a maximum; and causing the transmission of an instruction to a second device to perform a device to device communication transmission at the selected one or more transmission resources.
  • the first probability density function is a function of frequency of transmission.
  • the first probability density function is a function of time of transmission.
  • the first probability density function is, at least in part, a continuous function of the transmission resources.
  • the first probability density function is, at least in part, a continuous function of frequency of transmission.
  • the first probability density function is, at least in part, a continuous function of time of transmission.
  • a method comprising: selecting, in dependence upon a second probability density function, one or more transmission resources for device to device communication, wherein the second probability density function is a function of transmission resources; and causing the transmission of an instruction to a second device to perform a device to device communication transmission at the selected one or more transmission resources.
  • the method comprises: updating the second probability density function; selecting, in dependence upon the updated second probability density function, one or more transmission resources for device to device communication; and causing the transmission of a further instruction to the second device to perform a device to device communication transmission at the one or more transmission resources selected in dependence upon the updated second probability density function.
  • the method comprises: updating the second probability density function dynamically in response to changing network conditions.
  • the network conditions comprise a load of at least one of: devices configured to autonomously select network resources; and devices configured to transmit on resources indicated by a base station.
  • the network conditions comprise a relative load between devices configured to autonomously select network resources and devices configured to transmit on resources indicated by a base station.
  • the method comprises: generating a first probability density function, wherein the first probability density function is a function of transmission resources, wherein the first probability density function and the second probability density function sum to a constant value at any transmission resource at which they are defined; and causing the transmission of an indication of the first probability density function to a first device configured to select in dependence on the first probability density function one or more transmission resources for device to device communication.
  • a computer program comprising instructions such that when the computer program is executed on a computing device provides a method, the computing device is arranged to perform the steps of any of the first to fourth aspects.
  • an apparatus comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory including a computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: select, in dependence on a first probability density function, one or more transmission resources for device to device communication, wherein the first probability density function is a function of the transmission resources; and cause a device to device communication transmission to occur on the selected one or more transmission resources.
  • an apparatus comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory including a computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive from a base station an indication of a first probability density function, wherein the first probability density function is a function of transmission resources; and transmit control information to a first device configured to select in dependence on the first probability density function one or more transmission resources for device to device communication, the control information comprising an indication of the first probability density function.
  • an apparatus comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory including a computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: generate a first probability density function, wherein the first probability density function is a function of transmission resources; and cause the transmission of an indication of the first probability density function to a first device configured to select in dependence on the first probability density function one or more transmission resources for device to device communication.
  • an apparatus comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory including a computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: select, in dependence upon a second probability density function, one or more transmission resources for device to device communication, wherein the second probability density function is a function of transmission resources; and cause the transmission of an instruction to a second device to perform a device to device communication transmission at the selected one or more transmission resources.
  • an apparatus comprising: means for selecting, in dependence on a first probability density function, one or more transmission resources for device to device communication, wherein the first probability density function is a function of the transmission resources; and means for causing a device to device communication transmission to occur on the selected one or more transmission resources.
  • an apparatus comprising: means for receiving from a base station an indication of a first probability density function, wherein the first probability density function is a function of transmission resources; and means for transmitting control information to a first device configured to select in dependence on the first probability density function one or more transmission resources for device to device communication, the control information comprising an indication of the first probability density function.
  • an apparatus comprising: means for generating a first probability density function, wherein the first probability density function is a function of transmission resources; and means for causing the transmission of an indication of the first probability density function to a first device configured to select in dependence on the first probability density function one or more transmission resources for device to device
  • an apparatus comprising: means for selecting, in dependence upon a second probability density function, one or more transmission resources for device to device communication, wherein the second probability density function is a function of transmission resources; and means for causing the transmission of an instruction to a second device to perform a device to device communication transmission at the selected one or more transmission resources.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an example communication system comprising a base station and a plurality of communication devices
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of an example mobile communication device
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an example control apparatus
  • Figure 4 shows a diagram of hard partitioning of resources with a resource pool
  • Figure 5 shows a graph of first and second probability density functions for soft partitioning of a resource pool
  • Figure 6 shows a graph of first and second probability density functions for soft partitioning of a resource pool
  • Figure 7 shows a graph of first and second probability density functions for soft partitioning of a resource pool
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of an example communication system comprising a base station, a control apparatus for the base station, and first and second communication devices;
  • Figure 9 illustrates an example of a method that may be performed in a first communication device
  • Figure 10 illustrates an example of a method that may be performed in a second communication device
  • Figure 11 illustrates an example of a method that may be performed in a control apparatus for a base station
  • Figure 12 illustrates an example of a method that may be performed in a control apparatus for a base station
  • Figure 13 illustrates an example of a non-transitory computer readable medium.
  • a wireless communication system 100 such as that shown in Figure 1, mobile communication devices or user equipment (LIE) 102, 104, 105 are provided wireless access via at least one base station or similar wireless transmitting and/or receiving node or point.
  • Base stations are typically controlled by at least one appropriate controller apparatus, so as to enable operation thereof and management of mobile communication devices in communication with the base stations.
  • the controller apparatus may be located in a radio access network (e.g. wireless communication system 100) or in a core network (CN) (not shown) and may be implemented as one central apparatus or its functionality may be distributed over several apparatus.
  • the controller apparatus may be part of the base station and/or provided by a separate entity such as a Radio Network Controller.
  • control apparatus 108 and 109 are shown to control the respective macro level base stations 106 and 107.
  • the control apparatus of a base station can be interconnected with other control entities.
  • the control apparatus is typically provided with memory capacity and at least one data processor.
  • the control apparatus and functions may be distributed between a plurality of control units. In some systems, the control apparatus may additionally or alternatively be provided in a radio network controller.
  • base stations 106 and 107 are shown as connected to a wider communications network 113 via gateway 112.
  • a further gateway function may be provided to connect to another network.
  • the smaller base stations 116, 118 and 120 may also be connected to the network 113, for example by a separate gateway function and/or via the controllers of the macro level stations.
  • the base stations 116, 118 and 120 may be pico or femto level base stations or the like. In the example, stations 116 and 118 are connected via a gateway 111 whilst station 120 connects via the controller apparatus 108. In some embodiments, the smaller stations may not be provided. Smaller base stations 116, 118 and 120 may be part of a second network, for example WLAN and may be WLAN APs.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • LTE-A LTE Advanced
  • E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • Base stations of such systems are known as evolved or enhanced Node Bs (eNBs) and provide E-UTRAN features such as user plane Packet Data Convergence/Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control/Physical layer protocol (PDCP/RLC/MAC/PHY) and control plane Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol terminations towards the communication devices.
  • E-UTRAN features such as user plane Packet Data Convergence/Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control/Physical layer protocol (PDCP/RLC/MAC/PHY) and control plane Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol terminations towards the communication devices.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • Other examples of radio access system comprise those provided by base stations of systems that are based on technologies such as wireless local area network (WLAN) and/or WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access).
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WiMax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • Network architecture in NR may be similar to that of LTE-advanced.
  • Base stations of NR systems may be known as next generation Node Bs (gNBs).
  • Changes to the network architecture may depend on the need to support various radio technologies and finer QoS support, and some on-demand requirements for e.g. QoS levels to support QoE of user point of view.
  • network aware services and applications, and service and application aware networks may bring changes to the architecture. Those are related to Information Centric Network (ICN) and User-Centric Content Delivery Network (UC-CDN) approaches.
  • ICN Information Centric Network
  • UC-CDN User-Centric Content Delivery Network
  • NR may use multiple input - multiple output (MIMO) antennas, many more base stations or nodes than the LTE (a so-called small cell concept), including macro sites operating in co-operation with smaller stations and perhaps also employing a variety of radio technologies for better coverage and enhanced data rates.
  • MIMO multiple input - multiple output
  • Future networks may utilise network functions virtualization (NFV) which is a network architecture concept that proposes virtualizing network node functions into "building blocks" or entities that may be operationally connected or linked together to provide services.
  • a virtualized network function (VNF) may comprise one or more virtual machines running computer program codes using standard or general type servers instead of customized hardware. Cloud computing or data storage may also be utilized.
  • radio communications this may mean node operations to be carried out, at least partly, in a server, host or node operationally coupled to a remote radio head. It is also possible that node operations will be distributed among a plurality of servers, nodes or hosts. It should also be understood that the distribution of labour between core network operations and base station operations may differ from that of the LTE or even be non-existent.
  • a possible mobile communication device will now be described in more detail with reference to Figure 2 showing a schematic, partially sectioned view of a communication device 200.
  • a communication device is often referred to as a user equipment (UE) or terminal.
  • An appropriate mobile communication device may be provided by any device capable of sending and receiving radio signals.
  • Non-limiting examples comprise a mobile station (MS) or mobile device such as a mobile phone or what is known as a 'smart phone', a computer provided with a wireless interface card or other wireless interface facility (e.g., USB dongle), personal data assistant (PDA) or a tablet provided with wireless communication capabilities, or any combinations of these or the like.
  • MS mobile station
  • PDA personal data assistant
  • a mobile communication device may provide, for example, communication of data for carrying communications such as voice, electronic mail (email), text message, multimedia and so on. Users may thus be offered and provided numerous services via their communication devices. Non-limiting examples of these services comprise two-way or multi-way calls, data communication or multimedia services or simply an access to a data communications network system, such as the Internet. Users may also be provided broadcast or multicast data. Non-limiting examples of the content comprise downloads, television and radio programs, videos, advertisements, various alerts and other information.
  • the communication devices 102, 104, 105 may access the communication system based on various access techniques, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), or wideband CDMA (WCDMA).
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • WCDMA wideband CDMA
  • Other non-limiting examples comprise time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and various schemes thereof such as the interleaved frequency division multiple access (IFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), space division multiple access (SDMA) and so on.
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • IFDMA interleaved frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SDMA space division multiple access
  • the mobile device 200 may receive signals over an air or radio interface 207 via appropriate apparatus for receiving and may transmit signals via appropriate apparatus for transmitting radio signals.
  • transceiver apparatus is designated schematically by block 206.
  • the transceiver apparatus 206 may be provided for example by means of a radio part and associated antenna arrangement.
  • the antenna arrangement may be arranged internally or externally to the mobile device.
  • a mobile device is typically provided with at least one data processing entity 201, at least one memory 202 and other possible components 203 for use in software and hardware aided execution of tasks it is designed to perform, including control of access to and communications with access systems and other communication devices.
  • the data processing, storage and other relevant control apparatus can be provided on an appropriate circuit board and/or in chipsets. This feature is denoted by reference 204.
  • the user may control the operation of the mobile device by means of a suitable user interface such as key pad 205, voice commands, touch sensitive screen or pad, combinations thereof or the like.
  • a display 208, a speaker and a microphone can be also provided.
  • a mobile communication device may comprise appropriate connectors (either wired or wireless) to other devices and/or for connecting external accessories, for example hands-free equipment, thereto.
  • Figure 3 shows an example of a control apparatus for a communication system, for example to be coupled to and/or for controlling a station of an access system, such as a RAN node, e.g. a base station, (e) node B or 5G AP, or a node of a core network such as an MME or S-GW, or a server or host.
  • the method may be implemented in a single control apparatus or across more than one control apparatus.
  • the control apparatus may be integrated with or external to a node or module of a core network or RAN.
  • base stations comprise a separate control apparatus unit or module.
  • the control apparatus can be another network element such as a radio network controller or a spectrum controller.
  • each base station may have such a control apparatus as well as a control apparatus being provided in a radio network controller.
  • the control apparatus 300 can be arranged to provide control on communications in the service area of the system.
  • the control apparatus 300 comprises at least one random access memory 310, at least one read only memory 350 at least one data processing unit 320, 330 and an input/output interface 340. Via the interface, the control apparatus can be coupled to a receiver and a transmitter of the base station.
  • the receiver and/or the transmitter may be implemented as a radio front end or a remote radio head.
  • D2D device-to-device
  • Sidelink is a new LTE feature introduced in 3GPP Release 12 aiming at enabling device-to-device (D2D) communications within legacy cellular- based LTE radio access networks. Sidelink enables the direct communication between proximal UEs using the newly defined PC5 interface, so that data does not need to traverse the eNB.
  • the sidelink D2D is applicable to public safety and commercial communication use-cases, and recently (in 3GPP Release 14) to vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) scenarios and (in 3GPP Release 14) to vehicle- to-everything (V2X) scenarios.
  • a problem may occur when there exists several devices in a vicinity engaging in device to device communication, which is that collisions may occur between communications transmitted by different devices. For example, if a first device and a second device are configured to perform transmissions on one or more of the same resources, the transmissions may interfere with one another leading to the receiving device failing to correctly receive the transmission from the sending device. There is a need for methods of appropriately scheduling transmissions in D2D communications so as to minimise the probability of such collisions. [0079] For the sidelink communications for V2X, two transmission modes have been defined so as to reduce the probability of collisions. These modes may be referred to as "eNB-scheduled mode" (or mode 3) and “UE-autonomous mode” (or mode 4).
  • a resource pool defines the subset of available subframes and resource blocks for either sidelink transmission or sidelink reception.
  • Sidelink communication is a halfduplex scheme and a UE can be configured with multiple transmit resource pools and multiple receive resource pools.
  • the actual transmission resources are selected dynamically from within the pool using "eNB-scheduled mode" or "UE-autonomous mode”.
  • eNB-scheduled mode also known as mode 3
  • resources for D2D transmissions are scheduled by the eNB.
  • UEs operating in eNB-scheduled mode are informed about their resource allocation by the eNB using physical layer signalling.
  • the physical layer signalling may comprise Downlink Control Information (DCI) in format 5A.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • the scheduling in eNB-scheduled mode may either be dynamic or semi-persistent.
  • dynamic scheduling a device has to request and the eNB has to grant resources separately for each transport block to be transmitted.
  • control information e.g. DCI format 5A
  • the transmissions may occur in the same set of resources periodically without any further control information for scheduling the transmissions being received.
  • the periodic transmissions on this set of resources may continue until the base station deschedules the periodic transmission (i.e. until the device making the transmissions is released).
  • UE-autonomous mode also known as mode 4
  • devices autonomously select resources for sidelink transmissions.
  • the devices themselves determine the scheduling for their D2D transmissions without being instructed as to which resources on which to transmit by the base station.
  • a device performs the resource selection based upon sensing other devices' transmissions in order to avoid colliding with the resources on which nearby devices are transmitting. This mechanism relies on the assumption that the generation of most V2X traffic is approximately periodic in time and, as a result, transmissions can be periodic.
  • the sensing that is performed in UE-autonomous mode makes use of control information included in the D2D transmissions.
  • This control information is referred to as sidelink control information (SCI).
  • SCI sidelink control information
  • Each data transmission on the sidelink is associated with a transmission of SCI.
  • One of the information fields (the "resource reservation" field) in the SCI indicates if the device intends to use the same frequency resources for one or more future transmissions, and, if so, the value of the resource reservation interval.
  • the SCI including in the D2D transmissions made by a device may be used by other devices in the vicinity to make predictions of the future transmissions that will be made by that device based on its previous transmissions. Because of the periodic nature of the transmissions made by the device, the other devices can use the indication of the period (or resource reservation interval) to predict the resource in which future transmissions will be made on the basis of past transmissions.
  • a device operating in UE-autonomous mode will not keep using the same resources forever, since the quality of the resources selected at some point in the past will degrade over time as the environment (e.g. the set of nearby devices) of the device changes; hence the devices perform resource reselection under various trigger conditions.
  • eNB-scheduled mode since resources are scheduled centrally by the eNB, it is possible to avoid collisions between device transmissions scheduled by the same eNB.
  • UE-autonomous mode while the sensing procedure is designed to avoid collisions, it is not possible to guarantee absence of collisions; in particular, persistent collisions can arise, in which two UE-autonomous mode devices collide for every transmission until either of them performs resource reselection.
  • a device is configured to operate a resource pool in either eNB-scheduled mode or UE-autonomous mode, and sharing a resource pool between eNB-scheduled mode and UE- autonomous mode operation has not been explicitly supported.
  • a resource pool is typically intended for use in either eNB-scheduled mode or UE-autonomous mode only.
  • having one pool dedicated to eNB-scheduled mode and another pool dedicated to UE-autonomous mode may be possible but has some drawbacks. Firstly, it may be difficult to dimension the separate pools correctly. This may lead to resource fragmentation.
  • the resource pool configuration is semi-static so that reconfiguring the pools to adjust their sizes to the current load situation is not possible in real time.
  • the devices operating in UE-autonomous mode may be operating outside network coverage. At the boundary of the network coverage, there may be resource collisions between eNB-scheduled mode devices and UE-autonomous mode devices which are outside network coverage.
  • eNB-scheduled transmissions even if they are scheduled using semi-persistent scheduling (SPS), and are periodic in nature, do not indicate a resource reservation in the SCI.
  • SPS semi-persistent scheduling
  • the sensing behaviour of UE-autonomous mode devices does not work properly in identifying these eNB-scheduled transmissions as semi-persistent, and UE- autonomous mode devices are more likely to select resources that collide with semi-persistent transmissions of an eNB-scheduled mode device than they would be with equivalent transmissions of a UE-autonomous mode device.
  • the eNB is not aware of the resources occupied by UE- autonomous mode transmissions, and hence cannot avoid allocating the same resources, resulting in resource collisions between eNB-scheduled mode and UE-autonomous mode devices. This applies for both the case of semi-persistent scheduling and the case of dynamic scheduling by the eNB.
  • One proposal to address these challenges is to modify the specified behaviour of the eNB- scheduled devices.
  • the specification could be changed such that eNB-scheduled mode devices using SPS will indicate a resource reservation in the SCIs which they transmit.
  • this proposal has drawbacks. Firstly, devices operating in eNB-scheduled mode using the legacy behaviour (in which the SCI does not indicate a resource reservation) will still remain vulnerable to collisions with devices operating according to UE-autonomous mode. Secondly, persistent collisions between the devices having the modified specification (i.e. where the SCI indicates the resource reservation) using eNB- scheduled semi-persistent scheduling, would still take longer to resolve than the equivalent collisions between two UE-autonomous mode devices.
  • the persistent collision will be resolved when either of the UE-autonomous mode devices performs resource reselection; while in the case of a eNB-scheduled mode device and a UE- autonomous mode device colliding persistently, the persistent collision will be resolved only when the UE-autonomous mode device performs resource reselection (or the eNB performs a reallocation of resources for the eNB-scheduled mode device).
  • Another proposal is for the base station to broadcast resources occupied by an eNB- scheduled mode device.
  • a UE-autonomous mode device finds a collision, it can reselect other resources.
  • the base station configures a set of reserved resources that may be scheduled to eNB-scheduled mode devices.
  • the set of reserved resources can be a superset of resources for all eNB-scheduled mode devices (including dynamically scheduled eNB-scheduled mode transmission and 3GPP Release 14 eNB-scheduled mode transmission) within the cell, i.e. the base station only schedules resources from the set to eNB-scheduled mode devices.
  • Figure 4 shows an example of how the resources in a resource pool could be divided between the eNB-scheduled mode transmissions and the UE-autonomous mode transmissions. This may be referred to as hard partitioning.
  • the UE-autonomous mode devices are configured to exclusively select resources at the higher frequency end of the shared pool.
  • the higher frequency end of the shared pool may be referred to as the "mode 4 subpool”.
  • the base station exclusively allocates resources at the lower frequency end of the shared pool.
  • the lower end of the shared pool may be referred to as the "mode 3 subpool”.
  • the base station may signal the boundary between the UE-autonomous mode and eNB-scheduled mode to the UE- autonomous mode devices, which allows those devices to determine the subpool of the resource pool in which they may make transmission.
  • the UE-autonomous mode and eNB-scheduled mode In the case of partitioning along the frequency axis, at most 5 bits are needed to signal this boundary (because the resource pool includes at most 20 subchannels along the frequency axis).
  • the granularity could be made coarser to reduce the number of required bits; (e.g. if the pool contains 20 subchannels but only 4 bits are available for signalling the boundary between the subpools then the granularity could be defined in units of 2 subchannels).
  • the resource pool comprises 10 subchannels along the frequency axis.
  • the first 6 subchannels (subchannels 0-5) are used exclusively for eNB-scheduled mode transmissions, while the next 4 subchannels (subchannels 6-9) are used exclusively for UE- autonomous mode transmissions.
  • the base station can instruct the eNB-scheduled mode devices to broadcast an indication of the resources that are reserved for eNB-scheduled mode transmission.
  • the UE-autonomous mode devices can receive this indication, and can vacate these reserved resources in response.
  • the benefit of this solution is that types of eNB-scheduled mode
  • the base station is able to dynamically adjust the proportion of the resource pool that is reserved for eNB-scheduled mode transmission according to the traffic load of eNB-scheduled mode devices within the cell. Hence, the problems associated with the use of separate resource pools, i.e. resource underutilisation or resource pool congestion, may be avoided.
  • a base station may be aware of the current resource needs of the eNB-scheduled mode device which it is scheduling. However, it may not be aware of the resource needs of the UE-Autonomous mode devices, nor can it predict the future needs of the eNB-scheduled mode devices. This may lead to some problems with the hard partitioning proposal. If the eNB makes the subpool for eNB-scheduled mode devices larger than is required based on the current needs so that a future increase in resource needs eNB-scheduled mode devices can be accommodated without updating the partitioning, then some resources in the eNB-scheduled mode subpool will remain unused and are hence wasted.
  • the base station determines to make the subpool for the eNB- scheduled mode devices as close as possible to the current needs of the eNB-scheduled mode devices, this will lead to the need to perform frequent updates to the partition boundary as the resource needs of the eNB-scheduled devices varies over time.
  • Frequently updating the resource boundary for the hard partitioning will have the following drawbacks. Firstly, there may be a large signalling overhead associated with such frequent updating. Secondly, there may be a delay in propagating the updates to UE-autonomous mode devices that are outside network coverage.
  • the UE-autonomous mode devices that are currently using resources now being reallocated to the eNB-scheduled mode devices will need to perform simultaneous resource reselections, which can lead to persistent collisions among these UE- autonomous mode devices.
  • Embodiments of the application may address the above discussed problems. Embodiments of the application may reduce the probability of collisions for 3GPP Release 14 devices as well as for 3GPP Release 15 devices.
  • eNB-scheduled mode is used throughout the description. However, it would be understood by the skilled person that the application is not limited to use of an eNB for scheduling, but may involve scheduling carried out by other types of base station or network element.
  • a soft partitioning of the resource pool may be implemented.
  • a first device may be configured to determine resources of the resource pool on which to transmit device to device communications in dependence on a first probability density function.
  • the first device may be configured to operate in a UE-autonomous mode for performing the transmission.
  • the first probability density function may represent the probability density for a particular resource being selected by the first device.
  • the first device may receive the indication of the first probability density function from a base station. Additionally or alternatively, the first device may receive the indication of the first probability density function from a second device. Alternatively, the first device may be store the first probability density function as a preconfiguration.
  • the first device may be UE or a network element.
  • the second device may be a UE or a network element.
  • the first probability density function may describe a probability distribution for the selection of resources for use in transmission. This probability distribution varies over the transmission resources. Thus, as an example, the probability distribution may define, for each transmission resource, a probability/likelihood of being selected for transmission by the first device of P, where 0 ⁇ P ⁇ 1.
  • the second device may be configured to perform device to device communications at one or more resources indicated to it by the base station. The second device may, therefore, be said to operate in an eNB-scheduled mode. There may be overlap between the resources at which devices (e.g. UE-autonomous mode devices) of a cell are configured to autonomously select frequencies for transmission according to the first probability density function and those resources at which devices (e.g. eNB-scheduled mode devices) of a cell are configured to be instructed to transmit by the base station.
  • devices e.g. UE-autonomous mode devices
  • a control apparatus e.g. part of the core network of the base station may determine the first probability density function used by the first device to select one or more resources for transmission.
  • the base station may transmit an indication of the first probability density function to the first device.
  • the base station may transmit an indication of the first probability density function to the second device, which is configured to transmit the indication of the first probability density function to the first device.
  • the second device may broadcast the control information comprising the indication of the first probability density function, the control information being received by the first device.
  • the control apparatus of the base station may be configured to determine a second probability density function.
  • the control apparatus may select one or more resources of
  • the second probability density function may represent the probability density for a particular resource being selected for transmission by the 2 nd device. This probability distribution varies over the transmission resources. Thus, as an example, the probability distribution may define, for each transmission resource, a probability/likelihood of being selected for transmission by the control apparatus of P, where 0 ⁇ P ⁇ 1.
  • the base station may transmit an instruction to the second device to transmit at the selected one or more resources.
  • the second probability density function may be the complement to the first probability density function.
  • the control apparatus selects one or more resources of transmission for device to device communications for the second device in dependence upon the first probability density function, where the probability of selection of a resource for the second device is
  • the probability for selection of a resource for the second device is positively related to the value of the second probability density function.
  • the probability for selection of a resource for the first device is positively related to the value of the first probability density function.
  • the probability for selection of a resource for the first device is inversely/negatively related to the value of the second probability density function.
  • the soft partitioning of the resources may be along the frequency axis.
  • the first probability density function will be a function of frequency.
  • the second probability density function will be a function of frequency.
  • the selection of one or more resources that is made by the control apparatus may comprise selecting a frequency of transmission for the second device.
  • the selection of one or more resources that is made by the first device may comprise selecting a frequency of transmission.
  • the soft partitioning of the resources may be along the time axis.
  • the first probability density function will be a function of time.
  • the second probability density function will be a function of time.
  • the selection of one or more resources that is made by the control apparatus may comprise selecting a time slot for transmission for the second device.
  • the selection of one or more resources that is made by the first device may comprise selecting a time slot for transmission.
  • the partitioning of the time resources and the frequency resources may be combined, such that the first and second probability density functions are functions of both time and frequency.
  • the first and the second probability density functions are functions of the transmission resources. Therefore, the value of the first probability density is different for some of the transmission resources than for others. Similarly, the value of the second probability density function is different for some of the transmission resources than for others.
  • the first probability density function and the second probability density function may be updated dynamically in accordance with the load of the eNB-scheduled mode and/or UE- autonomous mode devices.
  • the methods implemented in the first device, second device and the control apparatus for the base station represent alternative solutions to a problem.
  • the methods implemented in each of these apparatuses provide the soft partitioning of the resource pool, and hence may address the problems discussed above.
  • the resource pool may be understood to be a predetermined set of resources for which the first and second probability density function are defined.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show examples in which the soft partitioning is along the frequency axis.
  • Figure 7 shows an example in which the soft partitioning is along the time axis.
  • Figure 5 shows how the first probability density function and the second probability density function may vary with transmission frequency.
  • the probability density functions may vary step-wise according to the subchannel index. For example, for subchannel 1, the first probability density function may have one value, and for subchannel 2, the first probability density function may have another value.
  • the first probability density function 510 of Figure 5 is shown linearly increasing with frequency. Hence, the resources at a high frequency are preferentially (with higher probability) allocated for devices (such as the first device) configured to autonomously select their own transmission frequencies.
  • the second probability density function 520 is shown linearly decreasing with frequency. Hence, the resources at a low frequency are preferentially (with higher probability) allocated for devices (such as the second device) configured to transmit device to device communications on resources indicated to them by the base station.
  • the probability density functions may vary step-wise according to the subchannel index. For example, for subchannel 1, the first probability density function may have one value, and for subchannel 2, the first probability density function may have another value.
  • the first probability density function 610 is shown linearly increasing with frequency.
  • the resources at a high frequency are preferentially (with higher probability) allocated for devices (such as the first device) configured to autonomously select their own transmission frequencies.
  • the probability density at the lowest frequency is non-zero.
  • any subchannel may be selected by the first device.
  • the second probability density function 620 is shown linearly decreasing with frequency. Hence, the resources at a low frequency are preferentially (with higher probability) allocated for devices (such as the second device) configured to transmit device to device communications on resources indicated to them by the base station. In this case, however, the probability density at the highest frequency is non-zero. Hence, any subchannel may be selected by the base station and instructed for use in device to device communication by the second device.
  • Figure 7, shows examples of how the first probability density function and the second probability density function may vary with time over the axis. In some embodiments the probability density functions may vary step-wise according to the time slot. For example, for timeslot 1, the first probability density function 710 may have one value, and for timeslot 2, the first probability density function 710 may have another value.
  • the first probability density function 710 is shown linearly increasing with time. Hence, the resources at a late time slot are preferentially (with higher probability) allocated for devices (such as the first device) configured to autonomously select their own time slots for transmission. In this case, however, the probability density at the earliest time is non-zero. Hence, any time slots may be selected by the first device.
  • the second probability density function 720 is also shown linearly decreasing with time.
  • the resources at an early time slot are preferentially (with higher probability) allocated for devices (such as the second device) configured to transmit device to device communications on resources indicated to them by the base station.
  • the probability density at the later time is non-zero.
  • any time slots may be selected by the base station and instructed for use in device to device communication by the second device.
  • the communication system 800 includes a base station 810 (which may be an elMB), a first device 820 configured to autonomously select its own transmission resources (i.e. to operate in UE-autonomous mode), and a second device 830 configured to receive from the base station 810 an instruction to transmit on specified resources (i.e. to operate in eNB- scheduled mode).
  • a base station 810 which may be an elMB
  • a first device 820 configured to autonomously select its own transmission resources (i.e. to operate in UE-autonomous mode)
  • a second device 830 configured to receive from the base station 810 an instruction to transmit on specified resources (i.e. to operate in eNB- scheduled mode).
  • the base station 810 is connected to a control apparatus 840, which may be part of the base station 810 or may be a separate entity, such as a radio network controller.
  • first device 820 operating in UE-autonomous mode
  • a second device 830 operating in an eNB-scheduled mode
  • the first device 820 is configured to receive an indication from the base station of the first probability density function.
  • the indication of the first probability density function may be received from the base station.
  • the indication of the first probability density function may be received from a further device.
  • the further device may be configured to operate in eNB-scheduled mode.
  • the further device may be the second device 830.
  • the first device 820 may be outside of network coverage, and therefore, cannot receive the indication from the base station and so will receive it from a further device (such as the second device 830) that is within network coverage.
  • the first device 820 is configured to select resources for performing device to device communications.
  • the first device 820 may randomly select one or more resources within a resource pool, with certain resources (e.g. higher frequencies) being more heavily weighted than other resources (e.g. lower frequencies) and therefore being more likely to be selected for transmission.
  • the control apparatus 840 of the base station 810 is configured to use the second probability density function to select one or more resources of transmission for the second device 830.
  • the control apparatus 840 may make a selection of resources for transmission for each device within its cell that is configured to operate in the eNB-scheduled mode in such a way so as to avoid collisions between the eNB-scheduled mode devices.
  • the control apparatus may randomly select one or more resources within a resource pool, with some resources (e.g. lower frequencies) being more heavily weighted than other resources (e.g. higher frequencies) and therefore being more likely to be selected for transmission.
  • the control apparatus 840 is configured to cause the base station 810 to transmit an instruction to transmit on the selected resources to the second device 830.
  • the control apparatus 840 is configured to cause the base station 810 to broadcast the indication of the first probability density function.
  • the control apparatus 840 may be configured to cause the base station 810 to transmit the indication of the first probability density function to the first device 820. Additionally or alternatively, the control apparatus 840 may be configured to cause the base station 810 to transmit the indication of the first probability density function to the second device 830, which will first relay it to the first device 820.
  • the indication of the first probability density function may comprise one or more parameters.
  • the control apparatus may be configured to represent the first probability density function with a parameter indicating the gradient of the linear function. This gradient may be the indication of the first probability density function that is sent to the devices.
  • the indication of the first probability density function that is transmitted may be made by physical layer control signalling from the base station 810.
  • the physical layer control signalling may comprise downlink control information.
  • the indication of the first probability density function that is transmitted may be made by broadcast system information signalling.
  • the soft partitioning can be dynamic, meaning that the resource split between the UE-autonomous mode transmissions and the eNB-scheduled mode transmissions can change dynamically.
  • the resource split may change dynamically in response to changes in environmental conditions, e.g. the relative load between the UE-autonomous mode transmissions and the eNB-scheduled mode transmissions.
  • the resource split may change dynamically throughout normal operation of the communication system, i.e.
  • the dynamic modification of the resource split may involve the control apparatus 840 modifying the first probability density function so as to adjust the resource split. This can also involve the control apparatus 840 modifying the second probability density function so as to adjust the resource split.
  • the control apparatus 840 may cause the transmission by the base station 810 of updates to the first probability density function. These updates may be received by the first device 820 and/or the second device 830.
  • the first probability density function may be updated periodically, and hence the updates may be transmitted by the base station periodically.
  • the first and/or second probability density function may be updated by the control apparatus 840 in response to changes in environmental conditions, e.g. the load situation.
  • the environmental conditions may refer to the communication conditions experienced by a device by which the transmissions according to a probability density function are to be made.
  • the time scale over which the probability density function may change/be updated may be communication protocol dependent.
  • the control apparatus 840 may determine the relative load between the UE-autonomous mode devices and the eNB-scheduled mode devices and may update the first and/or second probability density functions in dependence upon this.
  • the control apparatus may update the first probability density function so as to increase the proportion of the resource pool from which the UE-autonomous mode devices may select to perform transmissions.
  • the control apparatus may additionally or alternatively update the second probability density function so as to decrease the proportion of the resource pool from which it selects transmissions to be performed by the eNB-scheduled mode devices.
  • control apparatus may update the first probability density function so as to increase the spread/variance of the first probability density function over the resource pool from which the UE-autonomous mode devices may select to perform transmissions.
  • the control apparatus may additionally or alternatively update the second probability density function so as to reduce the spread/variance of the second probability density function over the resource pool from which it selects transmissions to be performed by the elMB- scheduled mode devices.
  • control apparatus may update the second probability density function so as to increase the proportion of the resource pool from which it selects resources for use in transmission by the eNB-scheduled mode devices.
  • the control apparatus may additionally or alternatively update the first probability density function so as to decrease the proportion of the resource pool from which the UE- autonomous mode devices may select to perform transmissions.
  • control apparatus may update the second probability density function so as to increase the spread/variance of the second probability density function over the resource pool from which it selects transmissions to be performed by the eNB- scheduled mode devices.
  • the control apparatus may additionally or alternatively update the first probability density function so as to reduce the spread/variance of the first probability density function over the resource pool from which the UE-autonomous mode devices may select to perform transmissions.
  • the soft partitioning may be semi-static, e.g. the first and/or second probability density function should change less frequently than the resources for transmission are selected by the first device or the base station. If the soft partitioning is semi-static, the control apparatus may update the first and/or second probability density function on a semi-static basis.
  • the indication of the first probability density function that is transmitted may comprise physical layer signalling, e.g. downlink control information.
  • the indication of the first probability density function that is transmitted may comprise broadcast system information signalling.
  • the indication of the first probability density function that is transmitted by the base station may take different forms.
  • the indication may comprise an indication of the shape of the function.
  • the indication may comprise an indication that the function is linear or the indication may comprise an indication that the function is exponential.
  • the indication may comprise one or more co-efficient describing the function.
  • the indication may comprise the gradient of the linear function and/or the intercept of the linear function.
  • the indication may comprise only a single parameter. Even though a linear function has two degrees of freedom (one for the slope and another for the intercept), the single parameter may be sufficient to describe the linear function, due to the constrain that the area under the probability density function must be equal to 1.
  • one or both of the probability density functions may change dynamically. This may require the base station, under the control of the control apparatus, to transmit updates indicative of the changes in the first probability density function to the devices. However, even in the case that the first probability density function changes dynamically, the transmitted updates need not include all of the information defining the first probability density function.
  • certain aspects of the configuration / first probability density function can be preconfigured, with the updates only indicating the changes to the function. These certain aspects may be provided to the UE- autonomous mode devices by means of preconfiguration or semi-static configuration information. These certain aspects may be communicated to the devices in an indication of the first probability density function, transmitted prior to the transmission of the updates.
  • the indication of the preconfigured/semi-statically configured aspect of the first probability density function may include an indication that the resource pool in which the first and second device are configured to transmit device to device communications are partitioned between UE- autonomous mode and eNB-scheduled mode devices.
  • the indication may additionally or alternatively include an indication of an indexed list of probability density functions.
  • the indication may comprise one or more parameters describing a linear function labelled by the index "0", one or more parameters describing a quadratic function labelled by the index "1", and one or more parameter describing an exponential function labelled by the index 2
  • the index list of functions can be provided to the first and second devices.
  • the base station may transmit updates to the probability density function, where the updates comprise an index identifying one of the indexed probability density functions.
  • the first device may be configured to use the probability density function identified by the index to select one or more resources on which to transmit.
  • the first probability density function can be dynamically configured by signalling the index of a particular function, thereby reducing the number of bits required for dynamic reconfiguration.
  • the second device 830 is configured to receive the indication of the resources on which transmission is scheduled to take place from the base station 810.
  • the second device 830 is configured to perform device to device transmissions at the resources indicated by the indication of the resources received from the base station 810.
  • the second device 830 may also receive an indication of the first probability density function from the base station 810. In response, the second device 830 may make a transmission of an indication of the first probability density function to the first device 820, so that the first device 820 may select one or more resources in accordance with the embodiments described.
  • the indication of the first probability density function may be included in control information sent by the second device 830.
  • the control information may be part of the device to device communication sent by the second device 830.
  • the control information may be sidelink control information (SCI).
  • SCI sidelink control information
  • the indication of the first probability density function may be included in spare bits that are unused in the SCI format 1.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates methods that may be implemented in a first device, a second device and a control apparatus for a base station. It would be appreciated by the skilled person that the methods implemented in the first device, second device and the control apparatus for the base station represent alternative solutions to a problem. The methods implemented in each of these apparatuses provide the soft partitioning of the resource pool, and hence may address the problems discussed above.
  • FIG. 9 shows a method 900 according to examples of the application.
  • the method 900 may be performed in the first device. It would be appreciated by the skilled person that the method 900 shown is an example only and that in some embodiments one or more of the steps may be excluded.
  • the first device is configured to receive an indication of a first probability density function. This may be received from the base station or as part of control information received from another device.
  • the indication may comprise semi-static configurations, such as an indexed list of probability density functions that can be used to dynamically update the first probability density function at a later time.
  • S910 may be omitted, since the first device may be preconfigured with the first probability density function in memory.
  • the first device selects one or more transmission resources on which to perform transmission of device to device communications using the first probability density function.
  • the first device transmits the device to device communications on the selected one or more transmission resources.
  • the first device may receive further indications of the first probability density function. These further indications may comprise updates.
  • the further indications may comprise index values identifying probability density functions.
  • the first device can then update the stored first probability density functions that it uses to make selections of the transmission resources on the basis of such a further indication, and use the first probability density function in the future to make a selection of transmission resources on which to make transmissions.
  • Figure 10 shows a method 1000 according to embodiments of the application. The method 1000 may be performed in the second device.
  • the second device receives from a base station an indication of a first probability density function.
  • the second device transmits control information to a device (e.g. the first device) configured to select one or more transmission resources in dependence upon the first probability density function.
  • the control information comprises an indication of the first probability density function.
  • FIG 11 shows a method 1100 according to embodiments of the application.
  • the method 1100 may be performed in the control apparatus associated with the base station. It would be appreciated by the skilled person that the method 1100 shown is an example only and that in some embodiments one or more of the steps may be excluded.
  • the control apparatus is configured to generate the second probability density function.
  • the second probability density function may be chosen in dependence upon the relative load between UE-autonomous mode devices and eNB-scheduled mode devices in the resource pool.
  • the second probability density function may be selected in dependence upon the first probability density function.
  • control apparatus is configured to select one or more transmission resources for device to device communication in dependence upon the second probability density function.
  • control apparatus is configured to cause the base station to transmit an instruction to the second device to perform a device to device communication transmission on the selected one or more transmission resources.
  • control apparatus is configured to update the second probability density function and to use the new second probability density function to select new resources for transmission by the second device.
  • the update of the second probability density function may be carried out in dependence upon the relative load between UE-autonomous mode devices and eNB- scheduled mode devices.
  • FIG. 12 shows a method 1200 according to embodiments of the application.
  • the method 1200 may be performed in the control apparatus associated with the base station.
  • control apparatus is configured to generate the first probability density function.
  • control apparatus is configured to transmit an indication of the first probability density function to a first device so that the first device can select in dependence on the first probability density function one or more transmission resources for device to device
  • the methods may be implemented on a mobile device as described with respect to Figure 2 or control apparatus as shown in Figure 3.
  • Control functions may comprise generating a first probability density function, wherein the first probability density function is a function of transmission resources; and causing the transmission of an indication of the first probability density function to a first device configured to select in dependence on the first probability density function one or more transmission resources for device to device communication.
  • control functions may comprise: selecting, in dependence upon a second probability density function, one or more transmission resources for device to device communication, wherein the second probability density function is a function of transmission resources; and causing the transmission of an instruction to a second device to perform a device to device communication transmission at the selected one or more transmission resources.
  • apparatuses may comprise or be coupled to other units or modules etc., such as radio parts or radio heads, used in or for transmission and/or reception.
  • apparatuses have been described as one entity, different modules and memory may be implemented in one or more physical or logical entities.
  • the various embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects of the invention may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the invention is not limited thereto. While various aspects ofthe invention may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as nonlimiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
  • the embodiments of this invention may be implemented by computer software executable by a data processor of the mobile device, such as in the processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.
  • Computer software or program also called program product, including software routines, applets and/or macros, may be stored in any apparatus-readable data storage medium and they comprise program instructions to perform particular tasks.
  • a computer program product may comprise one or more computer-executable components which, when the program is run, are configured to carry out embodiments.
  • the one or more computer-executable components may be at least one software code or portions of it.
  • any blocks of the logic flow as in the Figures may represent program steps, or interconnected logic circuits, blocks and functions, or a combination of program steps and logic circuits, blocks and functions.
  • the software may be stored on such physical media as memory chips, or memory blocks implemented within the processor, magnetic media such as hard disk or floppy disks, and optical media such as for example DVD and the data variants thereof, CD.
  • the physical media is a non-transitory media.
  • An example of a non-transitory computer readable medium 1300 is shown in Figure 13.
  • the non-transitory computer readable medium 1300 may be a CD or DVD.
  • the memory may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory.
  • the data processors may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may comprise one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), FPGA, gate level circuits and processors based on multi core processor architecture, as nonlimiting examples.
  • Embodiments of the inventions may be practiced in various components such as integrated circuit modules.
  • the design of integrated circuits is by and large a highly automated process.
  • Complex and powerful software tools are available for converting a logic level design into a semiconductor circuit design ready to be etched and formed on a semiconductor substrate.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une solution de partitionnement souple servant à partitionner un groupe de ressources entre des transmissions effectuées par des dispositifs configurés pour sélectionner de manière autonome leurs propres ressources de transmission et des transmissions effectuées par des dispositifs sur des ressources sélectionnées par un appareil de commande pour une station de base. L'invention permet de définir des fonctions de densité de probabilité qui servent à sélectionner les ressources utilisées par les deux types de dispositif.
PCT/EP2018/053953 2018-02-16 2018-02-16 Appareil de communication, procédé et programme informatique d'attribution de ressources de dispositif à dispositif WO2019158212A1 (fr)

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