WO2019158014A1 - 由计算机实施的与用户对话的方法和计算机系统 - Google Patents
由计算机实施的与用户对话的方法和计算机系统 Download PDFInfo
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/20—Natural language analysis
- G06F40/279—Recognition of textual entities
- G06F40/289—Phrasal analysis, e.g. finite state techniques or chunking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/30—Semantic analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/20—Natural language analysis
- G06F40/279—Recognition of textual entities
- G06F40/289—Phrasal analysis, e.g. finite state techniques or chunking
- G06F40/295—Named entity recognition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/40—Processing or translation of natural language
- G06F40/55—Rule-based translation
- G06F40/56—Natural language generation
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- the present disclosure relates to a computer implemented method and computer system for talking to a user, and more particularly to a computer implemented method and computer system for a user dialogue with a vertical field.
- the existing dialogue robot can better talk to people simply, but it is difficult to appropriately answer complicated questions or engage in deep dialogue with the user. For example, when a user's problem or expression requires one or more logical reasoning to understand or respond, the dialogue robot often cannot cope. Such problems are more common and common for robots in the vertical domain than in the open field.
- "Open field” means that when a user talks to a robot, the conversation is not restricted to a specific field, and the user can talk to the robot about any topic.
- the “vertical domain” is also called “closed field”.
- the dialogue robot in the vertical field refers to the dialogue is limited to a specific field or industry when the user talks with the robot.
- chatbots in the vertical domain because the conversation is restricted to a certain field, the user will try to make a complicated dialogue with the robot for the deep topic in the specific field, and expect a more in-depth reply.
- the simple response and database query can not get the appropriate response, the existing dialogue robot can not cope with the dialogue situation in the vertical field.
- a computer-implemented method of talking to a user comprising: receiving input from a user in a natural language format; performing natural language understanding on the input, generating a semantic representation; using the knowledge map to represent the semantic representation Processing to generate a response; natural language generation based on the response to get the output in natural language format; and providing the output to the user.
- the method is used in the vertical field.
- a computer system comprising: an input ⁇ output interface configured to receive an input in a natural language format from a user and to provide an output in a natural language format to a user; a processor; and a memory It is configured to couple to the processor and store the computer program.
- the processor is configured to execute the program to: receive input from a user in a natural language format; perform natural language understanding of the input, generate a semantic representation; process the semantic representation with the knowledge map to generate a response; The language is generated to get the output of the natural language format; and the output is provided to the user.
- the method is used in the vertical field.
- One of the advantages of embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure is that it is possible to answer complex and/or deep questions of the user in the vertical domain.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a computer system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method of talking to a user implemented by a computer system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an intent-based semantic representation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a knowledge map in accordance with the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a grammar-based semantic representation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of text analyzed by dependency grammar, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of text analyzed by dependency grammar, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of text analyzed by dependency grammar, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of text analyzed by dependency grammar, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of text analyzed by dependency grammar, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an expression represented by a knowledge map, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a computer system 1 for implementing a method of talking to a user in accordance with the present disclosure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the computer system 1 may be referred to as a "conversational robot.”
- the computing system 1 shown in FIG. 1 is an example of a hardware device that can be applied to the present disclosure.
- the computing system 1 can be a variety of computing devices that perform processing and/or computing, including but not limited to workstations, servers, desktop computers, laptops, tablets, personal digital assistants, smart phones, on-board computers, smart speakers, or Their combination.
- the computer system 1 includes various components that can be included.
- computer system 1 includes a processor 10, a memory 20, and an input ⁇ output interface 30.
- the processor 10 can be any type of processor and can include, but is not limited to, a general purpose processor and/or a professional purpose processor (such as a specially processed chip).
- the memory 20 can include or be connected to any storage device, such as a non-transitory storage device, and can perform data storage.
- Memory 20 includes, but is not limited to, a disk drive, an optical storage device, a solid state storage device, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a flexible disk, or any other magnetic medium that a computer can read and record data, instructions, and/or code.
- Types of memory 20 include, for example, but are not limited to, ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), Flash Cache Memory, other memory chips, and/or other storage media.
- Memory 20 can be coupled to processor 10 and store any data/instructions/code.
- the memory stores a computer program for the technical solution of the present disclosure, which can be read and executed by a processor to implement the technical solution of the present disclosure.
- the input output interface 30 is configured to receive input in a natural language format from a user and provide the user with an output in a natural language format.
- input-output interface 30 can include and/or be connected to any device that can receive input from a user in a native language format and provide the user with an output in a natural language format, including but not limited to a mouse, keyboard, touch screen, microphone, and/or Or remote control, as well as monitors, speakers, video/audio output ports, vibrators, and/or printers.
- the various devices shown in Figure 1 can be connected by, for example, a bus and composed of local devices. Additionally, the input and output interface 30 can be located in a remote device remote from the processor 10, for example, in a user's mobile device. In addition, the various devices illustrated in FIG. 1 may employ a cloud computing configuration in which individual functions are split and shared by multiple devices connected through a network. For example, processor 10 and memory 20 can be distributed across multiple devices and distributed for deployment. In some embodiments, a portion of processor 10 may be located in a remote device, such as in a user's mobile device, and the mobile device carries a portion of the features of the disclosed aspects. For example, the technical solution of the present disclosure includes an APP that is executed by a mobile device.
- an APP that is executed by a mobile device.
- the manner of communication between the various devices may include, for example, but not limited to, wired communication devices and/or wireless communication devices.
- Wired communication devices include, for example, modems, network cards, and fiber optic communication devices.
- Wireless communication devices include, for example, infrared communication devices, Bluetooth devices, 1302.11 devices, WIFI devices, WiMax devices, cellular communication devices, and the like.
- FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method of talking to a user implemented by computer system 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a computer-implemented method of talking to a user in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure begins in step S201, ie, processor 10 receives input from a user in a natural language format via input/output interface 30.
- Natural language refers to the language people use every day, and it is the language used to communicate between people. Simple examples of natural language include Chinese, English, German, etc., which people use every day.
- the logical language which is the language used by people to communicate with machines. Simple examples of logical languages include various computer languages.
- the user's input can be text, voice, video, etc. in a natural language format. For example, the user's input can be a piece of text entered by the input method.
- the user's input may be a piece of speech input through a microphone, after which the speech may be converted to text by speech recognition.
- the user's input may be a video input through the camera and microphone, after which the speech in the video may be converted to text by speech recognition.
- the user's input can include various types of sentences.
- the user's input can be a question that the user wishes to be answered.
- the user's input can be "Which team does Player A play for?”, "Who is the coach of Player A?”, "The coach of Team A and the coach of Team B are between What relationship?”, "Which team does Player A's brother play for?”, "Which team in the international league is also a member of Team B".
- a chat bot in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure may provide an answer to the question as a reply.
- the user's input may not be a question that the user wishes to answer, but may be, for example, a certain fact or state stated by the user, for example, "player A's performance is good", “team A and team B's coach's tactics. Very similar, "The performance of the player A's brother is too bad” and so on.
- a chat bot in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure may provide an appropriate response, for example, a reasonable explanation or explanation based on user input as a response.
- An example of a reply of a chat bot according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be specifically described below in conjunction with the above examples.
- the user's input is not limited to the above examples, and may include other various types of sentences.
- step S202 the processor 10 performs natural language understanding on the input to generate a semantic representation.
- Natural Language Understanding refers to the meaning of natural language expressed in a way that computers can understand and process. It is part of Natural Language Processing (NLP).
- NLP Natural Language Processing
- the purpose of natural language understanding is to obtain a semantic representation of a natural language that enables a computer to understand the user's thoughts.
- Semantic representations can have a variety of expressions, and in an embodiment of the present disclosure, as an example, a semantic representation expressed in an intent and a semantic representation represented in a grammatical structure are provided.
- the semantic representation is based on the user's intent, and natural language understanding of the input basically includes two parts, entity extraction and intent recognition.
- the text of the user's input usually a sentence
- the text can be pre-processed first.
- the sentence can be divided into independent words or phrases by word-cutting, and then the part of speech is determined by part-of-speech tagging and labeled.
- the grammatical function of the words in the sentence is analyzed to determine the composition of each word in the sentence and the structure of the sentence.
- the sentence is subjected to entity extraction, and the noun in the sentence is extracted as an entity to determine the object involved in the sentence.
- the sentence is inferred to determine the user's intention.
- entity extraction employs methods based on, for example, word vectors, uses a large amount of corpus for machine learning training, and can optimize model performance by manually adding entities.
- an expression obtained by extracting a sentence through a entity is referred to as a template.
- a large number of templates with known intents are trained using a classifier using, for example, a machine learning algorithm.
- a machine learning algorithm can be utilized to automatically estimate the probability that the template belongs to an intent, and select the most probable intent as the intent to identify.
- New templates can be added to the training template periodically to update the model that is intended to be identified.
- a semantic representation representing the user's intent can be generated based on the extracted entity and the intent of the identified user.
- the semantic representation may be represented as the user's intent and one or more attributes associated with the intent.
- the user's intent can be a question that the user desires to be answered.
- the user's intent may be "query the player's team", then the corresponding attribute may include at least "player name.”
- the user's intention may be "query the coach of the team", then the corresponding attribute may at least include "team name” and the like.
- the user's intention may be "inquiring the relationship between two people", then the corresponding attribute may include at least "the name of the person 1" and “the name of the person 2" and the like.
- the attribute may also include the time period for which the query is directed. For example, when the user's intention is "query the player's team”, the attribute may include “when the player belongs to the team”, and when the user's intention is “query the team's coach", the attribute may include “the coach” When coaching the team, and when the user's intention is to "query the relationship between two people," the attributes can include “when the relationship between the two.”
- the user's intent may be a certain fact or state of the statement.
- the user's intent may be "evaluation player”, “evaluation team”, “evaluation coach”, etc.
- corresponding attributes may include “player name”, “team name”, “coach name”, and the like.
- the attribute may also include the time period for which the evaluation is directed.
- both the user's intent and attributes can be generated by an entity obtained by natural language understanding of the user's input.
- the attribute can be populated in one or more ways. The manner in which the attributes are populated will be described in detail below.
- step S203 the semantic representation is processed by the processor 10 using the knowledge map to generate a reply.
- Knowledge map is a structured semantic knowledge base for describing concepts and their relationships in the physical world in symbolic form.
- the basic components are, for example, the "entity-relationship-entity" triplet and the "entity-parameter-
- the value "triad" is interconnected by relationships to form a network of knowledge structures. That is to say, entities (or concepts, events, etc.) constitute nodes in the knowledge map, and various relationships between entities constitute connections in the network.
- knowledge maps are characterized by reasoning ability (that is, the ability to retrieve information through reasoning) and to graphically display structured knowledge that has been classified.
- each entity (node) shown in the figure includes “team”, “player”, “coach”, “international league”, “national team”, etc., and the relationship between entities includes “effectiveness”. , “teaching”, “brothers”, “good friends” and so on.
- the figure also includes the parameters of the entity, such as “nationality”, “number of goals", “number of assists”, etc., and corresponding values.
- the entities, relationships, parameters, and the like shown in FIG. 4 are all schematic, and various entities, relationships, and parameters are contemplated by those skilled in the art, which are all included within the scope of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 only a portion of the entities, relationships, and parameters are shown in FIG. 4. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other entities may be added to the figure, and each entity may have various relationships, and each entity may also Can have various parameters.
- the nodes, relationships, parameters, and the like shown in FIG. 4 are schematic, and the knowledge map according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include more nodes, relationships, and parameters, and between nodes.
- the relationship can be more complicated.
- the two nodes are not limited to one relationship, but may include a plurality of different relationships.
- a dimension representing time can also be added to represent different relationships and parameters between nodes in different time periods.
- knowledge maps in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure can be very large and complex, and include one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and even more dimensional structures.
- the construction of the knowledge map also relies on the extraction of the "entity-relationship-entity" triples and the "entity-parameter-value” triples.
- knowledge elements can be extracted from a large amount of raw data (eg, books, newspapers, magazines, web pages, various types of databases) using automated means (eg, deep neural networks, etc.) or semi-automatic (eg, automated means of manual intervention). And extract the triples and store them in the knowledge map.
- further knowledge fusion is needed to integrate the same entity with different names through Entity Di sambiguation and Entity Resolution.
- top-down and bottom-up For the construction of the knowledge map, you can adopt two methods: top-down and bottom-up. For example, a top-down approach is used for important nodes such as players and teams, that is, extracting ontology information from a high-quality data source such as Wikipedia into the knowledge base. In addition, for other relatively less important information, a bottom-up approach is used to extract data sets from public sources such as the Internet, select information with higher confidence, and add knowledge maps.
- the storage method of the constructed knowledge map may be, for example, a Resource Description Framework (RDF) or a parameter graph (Property Graph).
- RDF Resource Description Framework
- Property Graph parameter graph
- the query statement in order to process the semantic representation with the knowledge map to generate a reply, may be generated according to the semantic representation, and the knowledge map may be queried with the query statement to generate a reply.
- the query for querying the knowledge map may be, for example, a Cypher language or a SPARQL language commonly used in the field of graph databases.
- step S204 the processor 10 performs natural language generation based on the reply to obtain an output of the natural language format.
- Natural Language Generation refers to the meaning of natural language in a way that computers can understand and process. It is also part of Natural Language Processing (NLP).
- NLP Natural Language Processing
- the purpose of natural language generation is to transform the language used by a computer into a natural language used by humans.
- Those skilled in the art are also familiar with and aware of the various principles and common means of natural language generation. Natural language generation can be simpler than natural language understanding. For example, processor 10 only needs to simply provide the resulting response to the user.
- the output of the natural language format may be text composed of replies, speech generated by language synthesis, or video generated by animation software or the like.
- step S205 the output is provided to the user via the input and output interface 30.
- text can be displayed to a user through a display device
- voice can be played to a user through a speaker
- video can be provided to a user through a display and a speaker, and the like.
- the method shown in FIG. 2 is for a vertical field.
- the same noun can be avoided in different fields to refer to different entities, thereby greatly reducing "entity disambiguation” and "co-finger digestion” in entity extraction. Difficulty.
- the difficulty of constructing the knowledge map and the scale of the constructed knowledge map can be greatly reduced, and the difficulty in identifying the intent and attributes in natural language processing is greatly reduced.
- applying the method of the embodiments of the present disclosure in the vertical domain can answer complex questions.
- the reasoning ability of the knowledge map can be utilized to process the user's input, thereby being able to answer more in-depth questions from the user, so that the user can interact with the robot for the specific Topics in the field engage in vertical, deep conversations.
- step S201 the processor 10 receives, via the microphone, the input of the natural language format provided by the user in language, "Which team is the player A?”, and converts the input into speech by voice recognition.
- "Player A” even in other sports fields (for example, the rugby field, the volleyball field), there are a plurality of "players A” of the same name. Since this embodiment is applied to the vertical field (soccer field), no misunderstanding will occur. Player A and the corresponding team are the same as those in other sports fields. Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosure reduce the case where the same noun points to different entities, thereby reducing the complexity of semantic recognition, and the method of applying the embodiments of the present disclosure in the vertical domain can reply complexities compared to the dialogue robot in the open domain. The problem.
- the text is then pre-processed by processor 10.
- the word is first divided into independent words or phrases by word-cutting and each word is marked with a part of speech.
- Text that has been tagged with a part of speech can be represented as follows:
- NN prep., r., and v. are the abbreviation of nouns, prepositions, pronouns, and verbs, respectively.
- the parsed text can be represented as follows:
- Sub., Obj. and Pred. are the English abbreviation of subject, object and predicate respectively.
- the processor 10 After preprocessing the text, the processor 10 performs physical extraction on the text in step S202, extracting nouns in the text as entities, thereby determining the objects involved in the sentence.
- the text extracted by the entity can be represented as follows:
- ⁇ Person> and ⁇ Team> respectively indicate that the entity in front of them is a character and a team.
- the text is intent-recognized, so that the intent is identified as "query the player's team.”
- the resulting semantic representation includes the user's intent to "query the player's team” and the attribute "player A.”
- the processor 10 queries the knowledge map using the Cypher statement in step S203 to obtain the team in which "player A" is located.
- the query statement is:
- the processor 10 obtains the output of the natural language format by performing natural language generation based on the reply in step S204.
- the output of the resulting natural language format is "Player A plays at Team A.”
- the output is provided to the user by the processor 10 through the display or speaker at step S205.
- the processor 10 For example, on the screen, "Player A plays in team A” and “Player A plays in team A” are played through the speaker.
- the query for the knowledge map is:
- a dialogue with the user in the vertical field of soccer is completed, and a response in the natural language format is provided for the user's inquiry.
- the accuracy of the response is greatly improved and the user experience is improved.
- step S201 the processor 10 receives, via the microphone, an input of the natural language format provided by the user in language, "Who is the coach of player A?”, and converts the input into text by voice recognition.
- this input it can be seen from Figure 4 that "Player A” plays for “Team A” and “Team A” is coached by “Coach A”, but between "Player A” and “Coach A”, There is no direct connection to indicate the relationship between the two. That is to say, in the data stored in the system, the relationship between the two is not recorded. At this time, for the existing chat robot, such a problem may not be correctly answered due to lack of corresponding information.
- by utilizing the knowledge map in a manner as shown below a correct answer can be obtained to provide the user with the appropriate output.
- Text that has been tagged with a part of speech can be represented as follows:
- Player A/NN /u. Coach / NN is /v. Who / pron.?
- NN u., v. and pron. are the abbreviation of noun, auxiliary, verb and pronoun respectively.
- the parsed text can be represented as follows:
- Adj., Sub., Obj. and Pred. are the English abbreviations of adjectives, subjects, objects and predicates, respectively.
- the processor 10 After preprocessing the text, the processor 10 performs physical extraction on the text in step S202, extracting nouns in the text as entities, thereby determining the objects involved in the sentence.
- the text extracted by the entity can be represented as follows:
- ⁇ Person> and ⁇ Name> respectively indicate that the entity in front of it is a person.
- the text is intent-recognized, so that the intent is identified as "inquiring the player's coach.”
- the resulting semantic representation includes the user's intent “query player's coach” and attribute "player A”.
- the processor 10 queries the knowledge map using the Cypher statement in step S203 to obtain the name of the player A's coach.
- the query statement is:
- the MATCH statement first queries the team played by player A, and then queries the coach of the team.
- the relationship "[:REL_Coach]” indicates that the relationship between the team and the coach is "team. Coached by the coach.”
- this embodiment of the present disclosure can obtain a final reply by adding a one-time inference process using the knowledge map in the above query sentence.
- "REL_BELONG_TO_TEAM” indicates that the relationship between player A and team A is "for the team”
- "REL_Coach” indicates the coach of team A.
- the result of this query is:
- the processor 10 obtains the output of the natural language format by performing natural language generation based on the reply in step S204.
- the output of the resulting natural language format is "The coach of player A is coach A.”
- the output is provided to the user by the processor 10 through the display or speaker at step S205.
- the processor 10 For example, on the screen, "the player of the player A is the coach A", and the player "the coach of the player A is the coach A” is displayed through the speaker.
- the reasoning ability of the knowledge map is further utilized on the basis of the example 1 in the process of generating the reply, which greatly improves the depth and accuracy of the reply, thereby improving the user experience.
- a new triple can be generated in the knowledge map, and the obtained new relationship is stored in the knowledge map. For example, you can add the following triples to your knowledge map:
- the Cypher statement written to the triple can be, for example:
- the triple may be added, for example, after asking the user "Is the reply useful?" and getting a positive response from the user.
- the connections of the newly added triples are indicated by dashed lines.
- the content of the knowledge map can be continuously supplemented, improved and added with the help of the user, which is beneficial to the management of the knowledge map.
- the user's input may not be a question that the user wishes to answer, but may be, for example, a certain fact or state stated by the user.
- step S201 the processor 10 receives the input "the player A's performance is good" in the natural language format provided by the user in the language by the microphone, and converts the input into text by voice recognition.
- the text is then pre-processed by processor 10.
- the word is first divided into independent words or phrases by word-cutting and each word is marked with a part of speech.
- Text that has been tagged with a part of speech can be represented as follows:
- NN u and adj. are the abbreviation of noun, auxiliary and adjective respectively.
- the parsed text can be represented as follows:
- Adj., Sub. and Pred. are the English abbreviations of adjectives, subjects, objects and predicates, respectively.
- the processor 10 After preprocessing the text, the processor 10 performs physical extraction on the text in step S202, extracting nouns in the text as entities, thereby determining the objects involved in the sentence.
- the text extracted by the entity can be represented as follows:
- ⁇ Person> indicates that the entity in front of it is a person.
- the text is intentionally identified so that the intent is identified as "evaluating the performance of the player.”
- the resulting semantic representation includes the user's intent to "evaluate the player's performance” and the attribute "player A.”
- the knowledge map is queried by the processor 10 using the Cypher statement in step S203 to query the parameters and values associated with the performance of player A. For example, you can query the player's goals and assists.
- the query statement is:
- the processor 10 obtains the output of the natural language format by performing natural language generation based on the reply in step S204.
- the output of the resulting natural language format is " Player A has scored 5 goals and 11 assists.”
- the output is provided to the user by the processor 10 through the display or speaker at step S205.
- the processor 10 For example, on the screen, "Player A has scored 5 goals and 11 assists", and “Player A has scored 5 goals and 11 assists” through the speaker.
- a dialogue with the user in the vertical field of soccer is completed, providing a response in a natural language format for some fact or state stated by the user.
- the accuracy of the response is greatly improved and the user experience is improved.
- the semantic representation may be based on a grammatical structure, and the natural language understanding of the input basically comprises two parts: entity extraction and grammatical structure recognition.
- entity extraction portion is similar to the entity extraction above for the semantic representation based on intent, and is not repeated here.
- dependent grammar analysis identifies the grammatical components of "subjective" and "fixed complement” in the sentence, and analyzes the relationship between the components.
- the dependencies included in the dependency grammar analysis include, for example, the subject-predicate relationship (SBV), the verb-object relationship (VOB), the inter-object relationship (IOB), the pre-object (FOB), the linguistic (DBL), and the centering relationship (ATT).
- intermediate structure ADV
- dynamic complement structure CMP
- parallel relationship COO
- mediation relationship POB
- LAD left attachment relationship
- RAD right attachment relationship
- IS independent structure
- WP punctuation
- HED core relationship
- an expression of a grammatical structure obtained by extracting a sentence through a entity is referred to as a template.
- a large number of templates with known grammatical structures are trained using a machine learning algorithm using a classifier.
- a machine learning algorithm can be used to automatically estimate the probability that the template belongs to a certain grammatical structure, and the most probabilistic grammatical structure is selected as the recognized grammatical structure.
- New templates can be added to the training template periodically to update the model identified by the grammatical structure.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a semantic representation based on a grammatical structure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the expression in Figure 5 is represented by a map.
- an expression represented by a map is a small segment taken from the entire knowledge map, including one or more attributes, and these attributes correspond to, for example, entities, relationships between entities, values, and correspondences in the knowledge map. Parameters, etc.
- the individual components of the input grammatical structure can be positioned, placed, or aligned into an attribute in the expression represented by the map to provide a semantic representation of the input.
- one or more attributes are unknown based on the user's input and are therefore represented by a question mark.
- At least one of the attributes represented by the question mark can be used as the object to be queried.
- Those skilled in the art can understand how to generate a query statement according to the expression represented by the map to query the knowledge map. To put it succinctly, this process is similar to the process of finding a segment in the knowledge map that matches the relationship of each attribute in the expression, and obtaining the specific content of the object being queried from the found segment.
- the semantic representation based on the grammatical structure can be represented by any other form as long as it can represent the identified grammatical structure and can be used to generate a query statement that queries the knowledge map.
- the semantic representation based on the grammatical structure does not need to understand the user's intention compared to the semantic representation based on the intent, so even if the user's intention is not clear, is not easy to represent or is not easy to understand, or the template for the intent is not obtained in advance, the user can still be The input is processed to get the appropriate response.
- individual attributes in an expression represented by a knowledge map may be generated by natural language understanding of the user's input.
- the attribute can be populated in one or more ways. The manner in which the attributes are populated will be described in detail below.
- step S201 the processor 10 receives, via the microphone, the input of the natural language format provided by the user in language, "Which team is the player A?”, and converts the input into speech by voice recognition.
- the processor 10 performs word segmentation, part-of-speech tagging, dependency syntax analysis, entity extraction, and the like in step S202.
- the processor 10 obtains the output of the natural language format by performing natural language generation based on the reply in step S204.
- the output of the resulting natural language format is "Player A plays at Team A.”
- the output is provided to the user by the processor 10 through the display or speaker at step S205.
- the processor 10 For example, on the screen, "Player A plays in team A” and “Player A plays in team A” are played through the speaker.
- step S201 the processor 10 receives, via the microphone, an input of the natural language format provided by the user in language, "Who is the coach of player A?", and converts the input into text by voice recognition.
- the processor 10 performs word segmentation, part-of-speech tagging, dependency syntax analysis, entity extraction, and the like in step S202.
- the processor 10 obtains the output of the natural language format by performing natural language generation based on the reply in step S204.
- the output of the resulting natural language format is "The coach of player A is coach A.”
- the output is provided to the user by the processor 10 through the display or speaker at step S205.
- the processor 10 For example, on the screen, "the player of the player A is the coach A", and the player "the coach of the player A is the coach A” is displayed through the speaker.
- a certain attribute of the semantic representation may not be directly obtained by natural language understanding of the input.
- the user's input may not directly include the entity involved, but rather indirectly introduces the entity involved by the description.
- the user's input can be "team of team A” and "brother of player A” and the like. In this case, it is not possible to directly determine what the entities involved in "Coach of Team A” and "Brother of Player A” are based on user input.
- chat bots can't cope with such situations and can't provide users with appropriate answers.
- the chat bot according to the embodiment of the present application can process the semantic representation using the reasoning ability of the knowledge map according to the input of the user, and determine the attribute, thereby being able to further provide an appropriate response.
- the semantic representation may be processed by the knowledge map according to the input of the user to determine the attribute.
- the attribute can be obtained directly from the triplet stored in the knowledge spectrum, or the reasoning ability of the knowledge map can be used to derive the attribute from the user's input through several steps of reasoning. An example of determining this attribute using a knowledge map is provided below.
- step S201 the processor 10 receives, via the microphone, an input of the natural language format provided by the user in a language manner, "What is the relationship between the coach of the team A and the coach of the team B?", and converts the input into a speech recognition by speech recognition. Text.
- this input it can be seen from Fig. 4 that the coach of "team A” is “coach A” and the coach of "team B” is “coach B", but in the input of the user, there is no direct inquiry about "coach” What is the relationship between A and coach B?".
- chat bots such problems may not be correctly answered due to lack of corresponding information.
- a correct answer can be obtained to provide the user with the appropriate output.
- Text that has been tagged with a part of speech can be represented as follows:
- NN conj., v., and pron. are the abbreviation of nouns, conjunctions, verbs, prepositions, and pronouns, respectively.
- the parsed text can be represented as follows:
- Adj., Sub., Obj. and Pred. are the English abbreviations of adjectives, subjects, objects and predicates, respectively.
- the processor 10 After preprocessing the text, the processor 10 performs physical extraction on the text in step S202, extracting nouns in the text as entities, thereby determining the objects involved in the sentence.
- the text extracted by the entity can be represented as follows:
- ⁇ Team>, ⁇ Person> and ⁇ Relation> respectively indicate that the entities in front of them are teams, people and relationships.
- the text is intent-identified, so that the intent is identified as "inquiring the relationship between two people.”
- the attribute associated with the intent is determined to be the "name" of both.
- the attributes of the "name" of the two coaches are not provided, and therefore, the natural language understanding of the user's input cannot be obtained.
- the knowledge map is used to obtain the attribute when the semantic representation is processed using the knowledge map.
- the processor 10 queries the knowledge map using the Cypher statement to obtain the name of the coach of team A.
- the query statement is:
- the processor 10 queries the knowledge map using the Cypher statement in step S203 to obtain the relationship between "Coach A" and "Coach B".
- the query statement is:
- the processor 10 obtains the output of the natural language format by performing natural language generation based on the reply in step S204.
- the output of the resulting natural language format is "the coach of team A and the coach of team B are friends.”
- the output is provided to the user by the processor 10 through the display or speaker at step S205.
- the processor 10 For example, on the screen, "the coach of team A and the coach of team B are friends", and the player "the coach of team A and the coach of team B are friends" are played through the speaker.
- the output of the natural language format may also be, for example, "Coach A and Coach B are friend relationships", thereby omitting the process of inferring using the knowledge map when filling attributes, and only for the identified intent. And the determined properties to generate the output. This helps to reduce the burden on the system when generating the output of the natural language format, and provides direct results to the user to improve the user experience.
- the text of the input analyzed by the dependency syntax can be as shown in FIG.
- the answer can be "friendship".
- the depth and accuracy of the reply are greatly improved, thereby improving the user experience.
- the user's input may not be a question that the user wishes to answer, but may be, for example, a certain fact or state stated by the user.
- the user's input can be "The tactics of Team A and Team B's coach are very similar.”
- the user does not directly ask questions about "Coach A” and "Coach B", for existing chat bots, such problems may not be correctly answered due to lack of corresponding information.
- a correct answer can be obtained to provide the user with the appropriate output.
- the reasoning ability of the knowledge map is further utilized, which greatly improves the depth and accuracy of the reply, thereby improving the user experience.
- step S201 the processor 10 receives, via the microphone, the input of the natural language format provided by the user in language, "Which team is the player A's brother playing?", and converts the input into text by voice recognition.
- the text is then pre-processed by processor 10.
- Text that has been tagged with a part of speech can be represented as follows:
- NN u., prep., adv., and v. are English abbreviations of nouns, auxiliary words, prepositions, adverbs, and verbs, respectively.
- the parsed text can be represented as follows:
- Adj., Sub., Obj. and Pred. are the English abbreviations of adjectives, subjects, objects and predicates, respectively.
- the processor 10 After preprocessing the text, the processor 10 performs physical extraction on the text in step S202, extracting nouns in the text as entities, thereby determining the objects involved in the sentence.
- the text extracted by the entity can be represented as follows:
- ⁇ Team> and ⁇ Person> respectively indicate that the entities in front of them are teams and people.
- the text is intent-recognized, so that the intent is identified as "query the player's team.”
- the knowledge map is used to obtain the attribute when the semantic representation is processed using the knowledge map.
- the processor 10 queries the knowledge map using the Cypher statement to obtain the name of the brother of team A.
- the query statement is:
- the result is "player B”. Therefore, "Player B” is populated into this attribute. Finally, the resulting semantic representation includes the user's intent to "query the player's team” and the attribute "player B.”
- the processor 10 queries the knowledge map using the Cypher statement in step S203 to obtain the team in which "player B" is located.
- the query statement is:
- REL_BELONG_TO_TEAM indicates that the relationship between player B and team B is "for the team.”
- the processor 10 obtains the output of the natural language format by performing natural language generation based on the reply in step S204.
- the output of the resulting natural language format is "Player B plays at Team B.”
- the output is provided to the user by the processor 10 through the display or speaker at step S205.
- the processor 10 For example, on the screen, "Player B plays in team B”, “Player B plays in team B” is played through the speaker.
- the text of the input analyzed by the dependency syntax can be as shown in FIG.
- the depth and accuracy of the reply are greatly improved, thereby improving the user experience.
- step S201 the processor 10 receives the input of the natural language format provided by the user in the language by the microphone, "Which team of the international league is also the player of the national team B?", and the input is recognized by voice. Convert to text.
- the processor 10 performs word segmentation, part-of-speech tagging, dependency syntax analysis, entity extraction, and the like in step S202.
- the text analyzed by the dependent grammar can be as shown in FIG.
- the depth and accuracy of the reply are greatly improved, thereby improving the user experience.
- the processor 10 obtains the output of the natural language format by performing natural language generation based on the reply in step S204.
- the output of the obtained natural language format is "the goalkeeper of team A is also the player of the national team team B" or "the goalkeeper C of team A is also the player of the national team team B" and the like.
- the output is provided to the user by the processor 10 through the display or speaker at step S205.
- the processor 10 For example, on the screen, "the team A's goalkeeper is also a member of the national team team B", and the player "the team A's goalkeeper is also the national team team B player” is played through the speaker.
- the present example can also apply a semantic representation based on the user's intention, and a description thereof will be omitted herein.
- the user's input may not be a question that the user wishes to answer, but may be, for example, a certain fact or state stated by the user.
- the user's input can be "The player A's brother's performance is too bad.”
- the user does not directly ask the question about "player B" (the brother of player A)
- the existing chat robot such a problem may not be correctly answered due to the lack of corresponding information.
- a correct answer can be obtained to provide the user with the appropriate output.
- the knowledge map is queried by the processor 10 using the Cypher statement to obtain the name of the brother of the player A, that is, "player B”.
- the knowledge map is queried by the processor 10 using the Cypher statement to query parameters and values associated with the performance of Player B. For example, you can query the number of goals and assists for Player B. The responses received were “2 goals” and “4 assists”.
- the output of the natural language format is obtained by the processor 10 performing natural language generation based on the reply. For example, the output of the resulting natural language format is " Player B has scored 2 goals and 4 assists.”
- the reasoning ability of the knowledge map is further utilized, which greatly improves the depth and accuracy of the reply, thereby improving the user experience.
- a default value may be set for the attribute.
- the default user's input may relate to the current season or this year's game.
- the default user input may refer to the most famous of the players.
- the attribute when a certain attribute of the semantic representation cannot be directly obtained by natural language understanding of the input, the attribute may be determined according to an event occurring within a period of time before and/or after the current time point. For example, when a user's input involves multiple players, if an event associated with one of the players occurs within a certain period of time before the current time point, before the current time point, and/or after the current time point, then This attribute is for this player.
- the period of time may be, for example, one hour, one day, one week, one month, one season or one year, and the associated event may be a match in which the player participates, other activities in which the player participates, other news events associated with the player, etc.
- one attribute corresponds to a plurality of players, if a match in which a certain player participates is being performed upon receiving the user's input, it is determined that the attribute is this one player.
- the attribute when a certain attribute of the semantic representation cannot be directly obtained by natural language understanding of the input, the attribute may be determined by the context of the user's input. For example, if a user mentions or discusses a team in the course of a conversation, then if an attribute corresponds to multiple teams or multiple players, the attribute is determined to be the one discussed above. Team or player of the team.
- the attribute when a certain attribute of the semantic representation cannot be directly obtained by natural language understanding of the input, the attribute may be determined according to the user's profile. For example, a user's profile can be created, recording various parameters of the user. For example, the location of the user, the team the user cares about, the player the user cares about, the team the user does not like, the player the user does not like, the code and/or nickname used by the user to refer to the team or player.
- the user profile when there are multiple possible options for an attribute, it can be determined which option the attribute should correspond to.
- the attribute should be the team in which the user is located, the team the user cares about, or the player the user cares about.
- the team or player that the user does not like may be excluded from these options.
- the team or player corresponding to the attribute may be determined according to the code and/or nickname commonly used by the user.
- an inquiry for the attribute may be generated, natural language generation is performed according to the inquiry to obtain an output, and the output is provided to the user. And receive input from the user for the query.
- the attribute can be determined by asking the user. For example, when the team or player mentioned by the user may have multiple corresponding options, the user may be asked "Are you asking XX team?" or "Do you ask A of the XX team?" And determine the attribute based on the user's input for the query.
- the type of inquiry may be a question question in addition to the general question, that is, the user may be asked "Are you asking Team A, Team B or Team C?” or "You are asking Player A,” Player B or player C?”
- the order in which the options provided to the user in the interrogative sentence are selected may be arranged according to the probability of each option. For example, the higher the visibility of a team or player, the higher the relevance to the question, the higher the probability of the option, and the higher probability option will be ranked higher.
- a knowledge map may be utilized to generate an inquiry for the attribute. For example, similar to Example 2 above, when the user's input is "Who is the coach of Player A?”, the knowledge map can be used to obtain the player A's team is "Team A", and then, the user can be Ask “Are you asking Team A's coach?”. For example, similar to Example 6 above, when the user's input is "What is the relationship between the coach of Team A and the coach B of Team B?", the knowledge map can be used to obtain the coach of Team A. "Coach A” and Team B's coach is “Coach B". After that, you can ask the user "Are you asking about the relationship between coach A and coach B?". Obviously, by using knowledge maps to generate queries, you can greatly improve the efficiency of communication with users and improve the user experience.
- attributes of the semantic representation can be determined in various other ways, for example, various "entities" in the field of knowledge maps can be “Discrimination” and “co-finger digestion” techniques are used to determine attributes.
- the various ways of determining the attributes of the semantic representation mentioned above may be combined with each other.
- the knowledge map can be used to finalize attributes from the parameters determined by the various means mentioned above.
- attributes that are separately determined by the various modes mentioned above can be combined with each other to determine an attribute.
- an inquiry can be generated based on an option of an attribute determined by the various manners mentioned above, and the attribute is determined based on the user's input for the inquiry.
- Cypher language and the SPARQL language are used as examples to describe the query for the knowledge map, but those skilled in the art can understand that any other language in the field of the graph database can be used to query the knowledge map in the present disclosure.
- semantic representation based on the intent and the semantic representation based on the grammatical structure are discussed in the embodiments of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art can also understand that the semantic representation can have other various expressions, and these expressions are all It is included in the present disclosure and can be applied to embodiments of the present disclosure. Additionally, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, various expressions of these semantic representations may be used in conjunction with each other. For example, for user input, processing based on an intent-based semantic representation may be used first, and for example, when the user's intent is not recognized, processing is performed using a semantic representation based on the grammatical structure.
- embodiments of the present disclosure may also incorporate various techniques known in the art (eg, a database, A search engine, etc.) to generate a response to the user's input. These techniques are also incorporated in the present disclosure as part of the present disclosure and may be applied to embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the word "exemplary” means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” rather than as a “model” to be precisely copied. Any implementations exemplarily described herein are not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. Furthermore, the present disclosure is not limited by any of the stated or implied theory presented in the above technical field, the background art, the invention or the specific embodiments.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (24)
- 一种由计算机实施的与用户对话的方法,包括:从用户接收自然语言格式的输入;对输入进行自然语言理解并生成语义表示;利用知识图谱对语义表示进行处理,以生成答复;根据答复进行自然语言生成来得到自然语言格式的输出;以及将输出提供给用户,其中,所述方法用于垂直领域。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述输入包括用户希望得到解答的问题和用户陈述的事实或状态。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述语义表示是基于用户的意图的,对输入进行自然语言理解并生成语义表示的步骤包括从所述输入抽取实体以及识别用户的意图,并根据所抽取的实体和所识别的用户的意图来生成语义表示。
- 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,语义表示包括用户的意图和一个或多个属性。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述语义表示是基于语法结构的,对输入进行自然语言理解并生成语义表示的步骤包括对所述输入进行实体抽取以及识别输入的语法结构,并用所抽取的实体和所识别的语法结构来生成语义表示。
- 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,语义表示包括与所识别的语法结构对应的表达式,并且所述表达式包括一个或多个属性。
- 根据权利要求4或6所述的方法,其中,在对输入进行自然语言理解并生成语义表示的步骤中,当某一属性无法通过对输入进行自然语言理解直接得到时,通过以 下一个或多个方式获得该属性:为该属性设置默认值;根据所述输入,利用知识图谱确定该属性;根据当前时间点、当前时间点之前一段时间内和/或当前时间点之后一段时间内发生的事件来确定该属性;通过所述输入的上下文确定该属性;根据该用户的简档确定该属性;和生成针对该属性的询问,根据询问进行自然语言生成来得到输出,将输出提供给用户,并从用户接收针对该询问的输入。
- 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,利用知识图谱来生成针对该属性的询问。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,利用知识图谱对语义表示进行处理以生成答复的步骤包括根据语义表示生成查询语句,并用查询语句对知识图谱进行查询,以生成答复。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述输入和所述输出分别是自然语言格式的语音、视频和文字中的至少一个。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述垂直领域包括单项运动领域。
- 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述单项运动领域包括足球领域、篮球领域、排球领域、橄榄球领域、羽毛球领域和乒乓球领域中的一个或多个。
- 一种计算机系统,包括:输入\输出接口,被配置为从用户接收自然语言格式的输入并向用户提供自然语言格式的输出;处理器;以及存储器,其被配置为耦合到处理器并存储计算机程序,其中,处理器被配置为执 行该程序以执行以下操作:从用户接收自然语言格式的输入;对输入进行自然语言理解并生成语义表示;利用知识图谱对语义表示进行处理,以生成答复;根据答复进行自然语言生成来得到自然语言格式的输出;以及将输出提供给用户,其中,所述方法用于垂直领域。
- 根据权利要求13所述的计算机系统,其中,所述输入包括用户希望得到解答的问题和用户陈述的事实或状态。
- 根据权利要求13所述的计算机系统,其中,所述语义表示是基于用户的意图的,并且在对输入进行自然语言理解并生成语义表示的操作中,处理器被进一步配置为从所述输入抽取实体以及识别用户的意图,并根据所抽取的实体和所识别的用户的意图来生成语义表示。
- 根据权利要求15所述的计算机系统,其中,语义表示包括用户的意图和与意图相关的一个或多个属性。
- 根据权利要求13所述的计算机系统,其中,所述语义表示是基于语法结构的,在对输入进行自然语言理解并生成语义表示的操作中,处理器被进一步配置为对所述输入进行实体抽取以及识别输入的语法结构,并用所抽取的实体和所识别的语法结构来生成语义表示。
- 根据权利要求17所述的计算机系统,其中,语义表示包括与所识别的语法结构对应的表达式,并且所述表达式包括一个或多个属性。
- 根据权利要求16或18所述的计算机系统,其中,在对输入进行自然语言理解并生成语义表示的操作中,处理器被配置为当语义表示的某一属性无法通过对输入 进行自然语言理解得到时,通过以下一个或多个方式获得该属性:为该属性设置默认值;根据所述输入,利用知识图谱确定该属性;根据当前时间点、当前时间点之前一段时间内和/或当前时间点之后一段时间内发生的事件来确定该属性;通过所述输入的上下文确定该属性;根据该用户的简档确定该属性;和生成针对该属性的询问,根据询问进行自然语言生成来得到输出,将输出提供给用户,并从用户接收针对该询问的输入。
- 根据权利要求19所述的计算机系统,其中,利用知识图谱来生成针对该属性的询问。
- 根据权利要求13所述的计算机系统,其中,利用知识图谱对语义表示进行处理以生成答复包括根据语义表示生成查询语句,并用查询语句对知识图谱进行查询,以生成答复。
- 根据权利要求13所述的计算机系统,其中,所述输入和所述输出分别是自然语言格式的语音、视频和文字中的至少一个。
- 根据权利要求13所述的计算机系统,其中,所述垂直领域包括单项运动领域。
- 根据权利要求23所述的计算机系统,其中,所述单项运动领域包括足球领域、篮球领域、排球领域、橄榄球领域、羽毛球领域和乒乓球领域中的一个或多个。
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CN110413760B (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2022-06-21 | 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 | 人机对话方法、装置、存储介质及计算机程序产品 |
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CN112417132B (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2023-11-17 | 南京大学 | 一种利用谓宾信息筛选负样本的新意图识别方法 |
CN114676689A (zh) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-28 | 青岛海尔科技有限公司 | 语句文本的识别方法和装置、存储介质及电子装置 |
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