WO2019157986A1 - 单眼大视场近眼显示模组、显示方法及头戴式显示设备 - Google Patents

单眼大视场近眼显示模组、显示方法及头戴式显示设备 Download PDF

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WO2019157986A1
WO2019157986A1 PCT/CN2019/074427 CN2019074427W WO2019157986A1 WO 2019157986 A1 WO2019157986 A1 WO 2019157986A1 CN 2019074427 W CN2019074427 W CN 2019074427W WO 2019157986 A1 WO2019157986 A1 WO 2019157986A1
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Prior art keywords
image
optical waveguide
field
output
sub
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PCT/CN2019/074427
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周旭东
宋海涛
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成都理想境界科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201820256864.3U external-priority patent/CN208092343U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810149466.6A external-priority patent/CN108803023B/zh
Application filed by 成都理想境界科技有限公司 filed Critical 成都理想境界科技有限公司
Publication of WO2019157986A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019157986A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of augmented reality display technology, and more particularly to a large field of view near-eye display device.
  • An augmented reality (AR) display device enables a user to view the surrounding environment through a transparent or translucent display of the device, and also sees that the image generated by the display is overlaid on the surrounding environment.
  • Such devices are typically head mounted display (HMD) glasses or other wearable display devices.
  • Devices usually use optical waveguides to transmit images. The light of the display needs to be coupled into the optical waveguide through the input coupler. At the same time, intermediate components are needed to extend the aperture in the optical waveguide.
  • the structure of the existing input coupler and intermediate components makes the input image
  • the diagonal field of view cannot exceed 35 degrees, especially the constraints of the intermediate component structure, so existing augmented reality display devices typically have a diagonal field of view of 14-34 degrees.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a large field of view near-eye display technology, which realizes near-eye display of a large field of view by means of splicing.
  • an aspect of the present invention provides a monocular large field of view near-eye display module, including
  • At least two image sources each of which is used to emit a beam of light forming an image, the image emitted by each image source being a different portion of a complete image having a correspondingly large angle of view, each of the light sources emitted by the image source
  • the formed image has a corresponding sub-field angle
  • Eyepiece optics disposed one-to-one corresponding to the image source, configured to collimate all of the beams emitted by the respective image source and into the planar optical waveguide,
  • the flat optical waveguide has an input coupler, a relay component and an output coupler disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the eyepiece optics, and each image source and the input optical coupler corresponding to the image source on the flat optical waveguide and the flat optical waveguide
  • the relay component and the output coupler form a display subsystem
  • the input coupler is configured to couple all of the light beams emerging from the respective eyepiece optics for forming an image having a corresponding sub-field angle into the planar optical waveguide, by diffracting or reflecting each of the light beams such that the light beam is within the planar optical waveguide Satisfying the internal total reflection condition of the planar optical waveguide, and directing each beam to a corresponding relay component, and the relay component directs each beam to a corresponding output coupler by diffracting or reflecting each beam, and output coupling Each beam is diffracted or reflected outward such that each beam does not satisfy the internal total reflection condition of the planar optical waveguide, and the entire beam diffracted or reflected by the output coupler leaves the planar optical waveguide and forms an image, the image being
  • the images emitted by the respective image sources correspond to each other and have corresponding sub-field angles;
  • Each of the display subsystems has partially or completely coincident exit pupils, and the images of the corresponding sub-field angles which are respectively diffracted or reflected by the output couplers are spliced to each other to form a complete image having a corresponding large viewing angle, the complete image
  • the large field of view is obtained by combining the sub-field angles corresponding to the images that are outwardly diffracted or reflected by the output couplers, and the complete image and the sub-images emitted by the image sources have a correspondingly large field of view.
  • the complete image of the corner corresponds.
  • the exit pupil centers of each display subsystem are located at the center of the pupil of the user's eye such that each output coupler directs a beam of light forming an image having a corresponding sub-field angle onto the user's eye.
  • each image source is used for image display within a certain angle of view, and the monocular field of view of the device is increased by image stitching. Since the present invention performs image splitting at the image source and adopts a structure in which the input coupling grating and the output coupling grating are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the image source, the number of image sources is not limited, and each output coupling grating of the present invention is The diagonal field of view angle of up to about 35° can be output, so that the present invention can obtain all the angles of view in the target range as a whole, which is far greater than the limit of 70 degrees that can be achieved by existing equipment. At the same time, the present invention does not have the problem that an output coupling grating needs to converge two incident beam sources, and the output image brightness is uniform and does not require additional adjustment components or image source modulation.
  • the relay component is configured to expand one of horizontal beam expansion and vertical beam expansion of each light beam directed to the relay component, the output coupler being configured to be directed to the output coupler Each beam is subjected to another expansion in horizontal expansion and vertical expansion.
  • the orientation of the image transmitted by each image source in the complete image formed by it is consistent with the orientation of the output coupler corresponding to the image source in the flat optical waveguide.
  • the images formed by the outwardly diffracted or reflected beams of the output couplers are all in the position required to stitch the complete image.
  • the relay component is guided to each light beam of the relay component by diffraction or reflection such that the light beam satisfies the internal total reflection condition of the planar optical waveguide within the flat optical waveguide, and directs each light beam to Corresponding output coupler.
  • the output coupler of the flat optical waveguide is placed in front of the user's monocular to form an image that is visible to the user's monocular.
  • the slab optical waveguide is substantially transparent so that the user can view not only the image from the image source, but also the image from the real world through the slab optical waveguide. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to an augmented reality display device, and the image formed by the splicing is superimposed on the real world, thereby achieving the technical effect of enhancing the field of view of the enhanced display device.
  • the flat optical waveguide includes two front and rear mutually parallel surfaces, with the position of the user's eye relative to the flat optical waveguide.
  • the input coupler, the relay component, and the output coupler of the flat optical waveguide may be disposed on the surface or inside of the flat optical waveguide.
  • the image source and the corresponding eyepiece optics may be disposed either on the front side of the flat optical waveguide or on the rear side of the flat optical waveguide.
  • the image source includes a microdisplay, which may be any one of a digital light processing (DLP) display, a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) display, an LCD display, an OLED display, a fiber optic scanning display, and a MEMS scanning image display system.
  • the microdisplay adopts a fiber-optic scanning display, which has the characteristics of small volume and light weight, and combines the objective features of the multiple image sources in the present invention, so that the utility and convenience of the present invention can be significantly improved.
  • Similar digital light processing (DLP) displays, liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) displays, LCD displays, OLED displays, and MEMS scanning image display systems all have complex components, large size, and large weight.
  • a display system or module is used.
  • One of the above displays already has a considerable volume and weight. Especially for head-mounted devices, the large volume and large weight of a display system using two or more of the above-mentioned displays cannot be accepted by the user.
  • the eyepiece optics generally includes a collimating lens for magnifying imaging and collimating all of the beams emitted by the image source, and directing all of the collimated beams into the planar optical waveguide, further, collimated The entire beam is directed at the input coupler of the planar optical waveguide.
  • the monocular large field of view near-eye display module further includes an image processor for dividing a complete image having a corresponding large angle of view to be displayed into a plurality of sub-images corresponding to the number of image sources and respective imaging positions.
  • the flat optical waveguide emits the light beams emitted by the image source from the corresponding output couplers, and the images of the corresponding sub-field angles emitted by the output couplers are spliced to each other to form a complete image with a corresponding field of view angle and incident observation.
  • the complete image of the viewer having a correspondingly large field of view is formed by the viewer's monocularly received images of all images having respective sub-field angles.
  • the imaging position of the image source refers to the orientation of the corresponding output coupler in the flat optical waveguide.
  • the input coupler is an input coupling grating
  • the relay component is a relay grating
  • the output coupling part is an output coupling grating
  • the single-eye large field of view near-eye display module includes
  • At least two fiber-optic scanning displays each of which is used to emit an image-forming beam, the images emitted by each fiber-scanning display being a different portion of a complete image having a correspondingly large field of view, each fiber-optic scanning display
  • the image formed by the emitted light beam has a corresponding sub-field angle
  • An eyepiece optics disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the fiber-optic scanning display, configured to collimate all of the beams emitted by the respective fiber-optic scanning display and into the planar optical waveguide,
  • the flat optical waveguide has an input coupling grating, a relay grating and an output coupling grating disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the eyepiece optics, and each of the fiber scanning display and the input optical coupling grating and the input optical coupling grating corresponding to the image source on the flat optical waveguide,
  • the relay grating and the output coupled grating form a display subsystem.
  • the input coupling grating is configured to couple all of the light beams emerging from the respective eyepiece optics for forming an image having a corresponding sub-field angle into the planar optical waveguide, by diffracting each of the light beams such that the light beam satisfies within the planar optical waveguide Describe the internal total reflection conditions of the planar optical waveguide and direct each beam to a corresponding relay grating.
  • the relay grating diffracts each beam and directs each beam to a corresponding output coupling grating.
  • the output coupling grating will each The beams are diffracted outward such that each beam does not satisfy the internal total reflection condition of the planar optical waveguide, and all of the outwardly diffracted beams of the output coupling grating exit the planar optical waveguide and form an image that is imaged with the image of the corresponding fiber scanning display.
  • Each of the display subsystems has partially or completely coincident exit pupils, and the images of the respective output coupling gratings that are outwardly diffracted with corresponding sub-field angles are spliced to each other to form a complete image with a corresponding large viewing angle.
  • the field angle is obtained by combining the sub-field angles corresponding to the outwardly diffracted images of the output coupling gratings, and the complete image and the sub-images emitted by the respective fiber scanning displays have a correspondingly large angle of view. The image corresponds.
  • the input coupler is an input coupling reflection portion
  • the relay member is a relay reflection portion
  • the output coupling portion is an output coupling reflection portion
  • the single-eye large field of view near-eye display module includes
  • At least two fiber-optic scanning displays each of which is used to emit an image-forming beam, the images emitted by each fiber-scanning display being a different portion of a complete image having a correspondingly large field of view, each fiber-optic scanning display
  • the image formed by the emitted light beam has a corresponding sub-field angle
  • An eyepiece optics disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the fiber-optic scanning display, configured to collimate all of the beams emitted by the respective fiber-optic scanning display and into the planar optical waveguide,
  • the flat optical waveguide has an input coupling reflection portion, a relay reflection portion, and an output coupling reflection portion which are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the eyepiece optical device.
  • the input coupling reflector is configured to couple all of the light beams emerging from the respective eyepiece optics for forming an image having a corresponding sub-field angle into the planar optical waveguide, by reflecting each beam such that the beam meets within the planar optical waveguide
  • the internal total reflection condition of the flat optical waveguide, and each beam is guided to a corresponding relay reflection portion, and the relay reflection portion guides each light beam to a corresponding output coupling reflection portion by outputting a coupling
  • the reflecting portion reflects each of the light beams outwardly, such that each of the light beams does not satisfy the internal total reflection condition of the flat optical waveguide, and the entire light beam reflected outwardly from the output coupling reflecting portion leaves the flat optical waveguide and forms an image, and the image and the corresponding optical fiber
  • the image emitted by the scanning display corresponds to and has a corresponding sub-field angle;
  • the images of the respective sub-field angles reflected by the output coupling reflection portions are spliced to each other to form a complete image having a corresponding large viewing angle, and the large field of view angle of the complete image is an image reflected outward by each output coupling reflection portion.
  • Corresponding sub-field angles are combined to obtain a complete image corresponding to a complete image having a correspondingly large field of view formed by the sub-images emitted by the respective fiber-optic scanning displays.
  • relay reflection portion and the output coupling reflection portion are both a plurality of reverse permeable film layers disposed in parallel in the optical path disposed in the flat optical waveguide, and the input coupling reflection portion is a plane Mirror or total reflection film layer.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a monocular large field of view near-eye display method, including:
  • At least two image sources each emit a light beam forming an image having a corresponding sub-market angle, and an image formed by the light beams emitted by all image sources may constitute a complete image having a corresponding large angle of view;
  • each image source is collimated by corresponding eyepiece optics and all of them are incident on corresponding input couplers of the flat optical waveguide; each input coupler emits corresponding eyepiece optics for forming corresponding sub-views.
  • the entire beam of the image of the field angle is coupled into the slab optical waveguide, by diffracting or reflecting each beam such that the beam satisfies the internal total reflection condition of the slab optical waveguide within the slab optical waveguide and directs each beam to a corresponding a relay component that directs each beam to a corresponding output coupler by diffracting or reflecting each beam, and the output coupler diffracts or reflects each beam outward such that each beam does not satisfy the planar optical waveguide Internal total reflection condition, the entire beam diffracted or reflected by the output coupler leaves the planar optical waveguide and forms an image corresponding to the image emitted by the corresponding image source and has a corresponding sub-field angle, each image source Input couplers, relay components, and inputs corresponding to the image source on the flat optical waveguide and the flat optical waveguide
  • the coupler constitutes a display subsystem, and each display subsystem has partially overlapping or all overlapping exit pupils, and the output couplers respectively diverge the images with corresponding sub-field angles diff
  • the relay component directs each beam of the relay component to one of horizontal expansion and vertical beam expansion, and the output coupler will guide each beam of the output coupler Another type of expansion in horizontal expansion and vertical expansion is performed.
  • the monocular large field of view near-eye display module described above may be incorporated into a mixed reality display device or an augmented reality display device, but is not limited thereto.
  • a single embodiment of the monocular large field of view near-eye display module described above can be provided to each of the user's left and right eyes. Therefore, another aspect of the present invention provides a head-mounted display device, including any one of the above-mentioned single-eye large-field near-eye display modules and a wearing part for wearing on a user's head, and a single-eye large-field near-eye display module. Mounted on the headgear and positioned such that its output coupler directs the beam onto the wearer's eye.
  • the head mounted display device has a monocular large field of view near eye display module, and the monocular large field of view near eye display module is positioned such that its output coupler directs the beam onto the wearer's left or right eye.
  • the head mounted display device has two monocular large field of view near-eye display modules, wherein one monocular large field of view near-eye display module is positioned such that its output coupler directs the light beam to the wearer's left eye, and the other The monocular large field of view near-eye display module is positioned such that its output coupler directs the beam onto the wearer's right eye.
  • two monocular large field of view near-eye display modules share a flat optical waveguide, and then input couplers for two monocular large field of view near-eye display modules are respectively disposed at required portions of the flat optical waveguide. , relay components, output couplers.
  • the headgear component includes a frame, a helmet or a headband that can be worn on the user's head.
  • the image sources of the large field of view near-eye display module and their corresponding eyepiece optics may be located on the side of the wearing component so as to be located outside the two eyes of the user; or may be located above the nose bridge of the user; Located above or below the user's two eyes. It is preferred to be located at a location that does not affect the user's field of view. Since the image source of the present application and its corresponding eyepiece optics can be located either on the back side of the flat optical waveguide or on the front side of the flat optical waveguide, it is easy to set the required number of image sources on the wearing part and Corresponding eyepiece optics. Further, as a preferred image source, the fiber scanning display is small in size and light in weight, so that the utility of the present invention is further improved, so that the head mounted display device of the present invention has both good display performance and wearing comfort.
  • Each image source is used for image display within a certain range of field of view, and the monocular field of view of the device is increased by image stitching. Since the invention performs image splitting at the image source and adopts a structure in which the input coupling grating and the output coupling grating are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the image source, the number of image sources is not limited, and all fields of view within the target range can be obtained. angle. At the same time, the present invention does not have the problem that an output coupling grating needs to converge two incident beam sources, and the output image brightness is uniform and does not require additional adjustment components or image source modulation.
  • 1A is a top plan view showing an embodiment of a monocular large field of view near-eye display module of the present invention
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic structural view of a flat optical waveguide of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A;
  • FIG. 1C is a schematic left side view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A;
  • 1D is a schematic structural view of a flat optical waveguide of another embodiment of a monocular large field of view near-eye display module of the present invention.
  • 1E is a schematic structural view of a flat optical waveguide according to a third embodiment of the monocular large field of view near-eye display module of the present invention.
  • 1F is a schematic structural view of a flat optical waveguide of a fourth embodiment of a monocular large field of view near-eye display module of the present invention.
  • 1G is a schematic structural view of a monocular large field of view near-eye display module in which a pattern source is disposed on both sides of a flat optical waveguide;
  • 2A is a schematic structural view of a monocular large field of view near-eye display module adopting a grating structure
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic left side view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A;
  • 2C is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a planar optical waveguide constructed using three monochromatic waveguide stacks
  • FIG. 2D is a schematic structural view of the left side view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2C;
  • 3A is a schematic structural view of a monocular large field of view near-eye display module using a reflective structure
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic left side view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3A;
  • FIG. 3C is a schematic structural view of a monocular large field of view near-eye display module adopting a reflective structure and having a pattern source disposed on both sides of the flat optical waveguide.
  • an aspect of the present invention provides a monocular large field of view near-eye display module, including
  • the image formed by the emitted light beam has a corresponding sub-field angle;
  • Eyepiece optics 12 disposed in one-to-one correspondence with image source 11 are configured to collimate all of the light beams emitted by respective image sources 11 and into the planar optical waveguide 13,
  • the flat optical waveguide 13 has an input coupler 131, a relay member 132, and an output coupler 133 disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the eyepiece optics 12, and each of the image source 11 and the flat optical waveguide 13 and the flat optical waveguide 13 and the image source
  • the corresponding input coupler 131, relay component 312 and output coupler 133 form a display subsystem.
  • the input coupler 131 is configured to couple all of the light beams emerging from the respective eyepiece optics 12 for forming an image having a corresponding sub-field angle into the planar optical waveguide 13, by diffracting or reflecting each of the light beams such that the light beam is on the flat plate
  • the internal total reflection condition of the flat optical waveguide is satisfied in the optical waveguide 13, and each beam is guided to a corresponding relay member 132, and the relay member 132 guides each light beam to a corresponding one by diffracting or reflecting each light beam.
  • An output coupler 133 that diffracts or reflects each beam outward such that each beam does not satisfy the internal total reflection condition of the planar optical waveguide, and the output beam coupler 133 diffracts or reflects all of the beam away from the plate.
  • Each of the display subsystems has partially or completely coincident exit pupils, and the images of the respective sub-field angles diffracted or reflected by the output couplers 133 are spliced to each other to form a complete image having a corresponding large viewing angle, the complete image.
  • the large field of view angle is obtained by combining the sub-field angles corresponding to the images diffracted or reflected by the respective output couplers 133, and the complete image has a corresponding one of the sub-images emitted by the image sources 11
  • the full image of the large field of view corresponds.
  • the exit pupil centers of each display subsystem are located at the center of the pupil of the user's eye such that each output coupler 133 directs a beam of light forming an image having a corresponding sub-field angle onto the user's eye.
  • each image source 11 is used for image display within a certain range of field of view, and the monocular field of view of the device is increased by image stitching. Since the present invention performs image splitting at the image source 11, and the input coupling grating and the output coupling grating are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the image source 11, the number of image sources 11 is not limited, and each output of the present invention is not limited.
  • the coupled gratings are capable of outputting a diagonal field of view of up to about 35°, so that the present invention as a whole can achieve all field of view angles within the target range, which is much greater than the 7° limit that can be achieved with existing equipment.
  • the present invention does not have the problem that an output coupling grating needs to converge two incident beam sources, and the output image brightness is uniform and does not require additional adjustment components or image source 11 modulation.
  • the number of image sources 11 may be two, three, four, or any number.
  • the plurality of output couplers 133 may be arranged in any desired form according to the needs of the device, such as: may be arranged in the horizontal direction, or may be arranged in the vertical direction, or may be arranged in a matrix, thereby realizing Horizontal stitching, vertical stitching, matrix stitching, etc. of each outgoing image.
  • Each of said image sources 11 displays a partial image of an overall image, and finally a plurality of partial image mosaics form a complete overall image, thereby increasing the monocular field of view of the device.
  • the partial images displayed by any two image sources 11 may be horizontally stitched or vertically stitched.
  • the horizontal field of view of the partial image displayed by one image source 11 is a°-b°
  • the horizontal image of the partial image displayed by the other image source 11 If the field angle is b°-c° or d°-a°, the horizontal angle of view of the horizontally stitched image of the partial image displayed by the two image sources 11 is a°-c° or d°-b°.
  • one of the image sources 11 displays a partial image having a vertical field of view angle of a°-b°
  • another image source 11 displays a vertical portion of the partial image. If the angle of view is b°-c° or d°-a°, the vertical field of view of the image after vertical image stitching of the partial images displayed by the two image sources 11 is a°-c° or d°-b°. Similarly, multiple local image stitching can obtain the target horizontal field of view and the target vertical field of view.
  • FIGS. 1A-1C a structural diagram of an embodiment in which the number of image sources 11 is two, two output couplers 133 are arranged in the horizontal direction, and the images of the two image sources 11 are horizontally stitched is given, one of which is an image.
  • the image of the source 11 is transmitted through the slab optical waveguide 13 and the corresponding field of view angle is zero degrees to a maximum horizontal field of view angle (e.g., 40°), and the image of the other image source 11 is transmitted through the slab optical waveguide 13 and the corresponding field of view is Negative maximum horizontal field of view (such as -40 °) to zero, positive and negative only represent the corresponding direction, through the stitching can achieve 80 ° field of view.
  • a maximum horizontal field of view angle e.g. 40°
  • Negative maximum horizontal field of view such as -40 °
  • FIG. 1D shows a structural diagram of an embodiment in which the number of image sources 11 is four, four output couplers 133 are arranged in a matrix, and the images displayed by the four image sources 11 are matrix-stitched. This embodiment increases the level. The field of view also increases the vertical field of view.
  • 1E, 1F shows a structural diagram of an embodiment in which the number of image sources 11 is four, four output couplers 133 are arranged in the horizontal direction, and the images displayed by the four image sources 11 are horizontally stitched, thereby increasing the level. Field of view.
  • the output coupler 133 is located as far as possible in the middle of the flat optical waveguide 13, but is not limited thereto.
  • the input coupler 131 can be disposed at any position of the flat optical waveguide 13 without limitation, but for the convenience of configuring the image source 11 and the corresponding eyepiece optical device 12, and minimizing the influence on the user's field of view, the input coupler 131 can It is disposed at the edge or corner of the flat optical waveguide 13.
  • the relay component 132 is configured to expand one of horizontal beam expansion and vertical beam expansion of each light beam directed to the relay component 132, the output coupler 133 being configured to direct to output Each of the beams of the coupler 133 performs another expansion in the horizontal expansion and the vertical expansion.
  • the horizontally expanding or vertically expanding the beam means that each of the light beams incident on the relaying member 132 or the output coupler 133 is expanded into a plurality of parallel sub-beams or a plurality of vertical beams arranged side by side in the horizontal direction.
  • the parallel sub-beams arranged side by side in the direction achieve the effect of expanding the exit pupil diameter of the beam.
  • each image source 11 in the complete image formed by it is consistent with the orientation of the output coupler 133 corresponding to the image source 11 in the flat optical waveguide 13.
  • the images formed by the outwardly diffracted or reflected beams of each output coupler 133 are at the locations required to stitch the complete image.
  • the relay member 132 is guided to each of the light beams of the relay member 132 by diffraction or reflection such that the light beam satisfies the internal total reflection condition of the flat optical waveguide within the flat optical waveguide 13, and each The beam is directed to a corresponding output coupler 133.
  • the output coupler 133 of the flat optical waveguide 13 is disposed in front of the user's monocular to form an image that is visible to the user's monocular.
  • the flat optical waveguide 13 is substantially transparent so that the user can view not only the image from the image source 11, but also the image from the real world through the flat optical waveguide 13. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to an augmented reality display device, and the image formed by the splicing is superimposed on the real world, thereby achieving the technical effect of enhancing the field of view of the enhanced display device.
  • the flat optical waveguide 13 After the position of the user's eye relative to the flat optical waveguide 13, the flat optical waveguide 13 includes two front and rear surfaces that are parallel to each other.
  • the input coupler 131, the relay member 132, and the output coupler 133 of the flat optical waveguide 13 may be disposed on the surface or inside of the flat optical waveguide 13.
  • the image source 11 and the corresponding eyepiece optics 12 may be disposed on the front side of the flat optical waveguide 13, as shown in FIG. 1A, or may be disposed on the rear side of the flat optical waveguide 13, as shown in FIG. 1G.
  • the image source 11 includes a microdisplay
  • the microdisplay may be any one of a digital light processing (DLP) display, a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) display, an LCD display, an OLED display, a fiber scanning display, and a MEMS scanning image display system.
  • DLP digital light processing
  • LCOS liquid crystal on silicon
  • OLED organic light-emitting diode
  • the microdisplay adopts a fiber-optic scanning display, which has the characteristics of small volume and light weight, and combines the objective features of the plurality of image sources 11 in the present invention, so that the utility and convenience of the invention can be significantly improved.
  • Similar digital light processing (DLP) displays, liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) displays, LCD displays, OLED displays, and MEMS scanning image display systems all have complex components, large size, and large weight.
  • a display system or module is used.
  • One of the above displays already has a considerable volume and weight. Especially for head-mounted devices, the large volume and large weight of a display system using two
  • the eyepiece optics 12 generally includes a collimating lens for magnifying imaging and collimating all of the beams emitted by the image source 11 and projecting all of the collimated beams into the planar optical waveguide 13, further, accurate All of the straight beams are directed toward the input coupler 131 of the planar optical waveguide 13.
  • the area of the input coupler 131 is greater than the diameter of the beam emitted by the eyepiece optics 12, thereby ensuring that all of the beams emerging from the eyepiece optics 12 for forming an image having a corresponding field of view are coupled into the planar optical waveguide 13.
  • the monocular large field of view near-eye display module further includes an image processor for dividing a complete image having a corresponding large angle of view to be displayed into a plurality corresponding to the number of image sources 11 and respective imaging positions.
  • Each sub-image has a corresponding sub-field angle
  • the image processor transmits each sub-image to a corresponding fiber scanner, and each image source 11 displays its corresponding sub-image with a corresponding field of view.
  • the flat optical waveguide 13 emits the light beams emitted from the image source 11 from the corresponding output couplers 133, and the images of the respective output field angles emitted by the respective output couplers 133 are spliced to each other to form a complete image having a corresponding field of view. And shot into the observer's single eye.
  • the complete image of the viewer having a correspondingly large field of view is formed by the viewer's monocularly received images of all images having respective sub-field angles.
  • the imaging position of the image source 11 refers to the orientation of the corresponding output coupler 133 in the flat optical waveguide 13.
  • the orientation of the output coupler 133 corresponding to each image source 11 in the flat optical waveguide 13 is identical to the orientation of the sub-image emitted by the image source 11 in the complete image thereof.
  • the image having the corresponding sub-field angle emitted by the output coupler 133, which is observed by the observer monocularly, is also coincident in the orientation in which the complete image is constructed.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a monocular large field of view near-eye display method, including:
  • At least two image sources 11 each emit a light beam forming an image having a corresponding sub-market angle, and the images formed by the light beams emitted by all the image sources 11 may constitute a complete image having a corresponding large angle of view;
  • the light beams emitted by each of the image sources 11 are collimated by the correspondingly disposed eyepiece optics 12 and all of them are incident on the corresponding input couplers 131 of the flat optical waveguides 13; the respective input couplers 131 are used to emit the corresponding eyepiece optical devices 12.
  • All of the light beams forming the image having the corresponding sub-field angles are coupled into the planar optical waveguide 13, and by diffracting or reflecting each of the light beams, the light beams satisfy the internal total reflection condition of the flat optical waveguides in the planar optical waveguide 13, and Each beam is directed to a respective relay component 132 that diffracts or reflects each beam, directing each beam to a respective output coupler 133, which diffracts each beam outward or Reflecting such that each beam does not satisfy the internal total reflection condition of the planar optical waveguide, the entire beam diffracted or reflected by the output coupler 133 exits the planar optical waveguide 13 and forms an image that is imaged with the corresponding image source 11 Corresponding to each other and having a corresponding sub-field angle, each image source 11 and the flat optical waveguide 13 and the flat optical waveguide 13 are opposite to the image source.
  • the input coupler 131, the relay component 132 and the output coupler 133 constitute a display subsystem, and each display subsystem has partially or completely coincident exit pupils, and each output coupler 133 has a corresponding outward diffraction or reflection.
  • the images of the sub-field angles are spliced to each other to form a complete image having a corresponding large viewing angle, and the large field of view of the complete image is merged by the sub-field angles corresponding to the images diffracted or reflected by the respective output couplers 133.
  • the complete image corresponds to a complete image of the sub-images emitted by the image sources 11 having a correspondingly large angle of view.
  • the head mounted display device has a monocular large field of view near eye display module, and the monocular large field of view near eye display module is positioned such that its output coupler 133 directs the beam onto the wearer's left or right eye.
  • the head mounted display device has two monocular large field of view near-eye display modules, wherein a single-eye large field of view near-eye display module is positioned such that its output coupler 133 directs the light beam to the wearer's left eye, and A monocular large field of view near-eye display module is positioned such that its output coupler 133 directs the beam onto the wearer's right eye.
  • two monocular large field of view near-eye display modules share a flat optical waveguide 13, and then input for two monocular large field of view near-eye display modules respectively at desired portions of the flat optical waveguide 13.
  • the headgear component includes a frame, a helmet or a headband that can be worn on the user's head.
  • the image source 11 of the large field of view near-eye display module and its corresponding eyepiece optics 12 may be located on the side of the headwear member so as to be located outside the two eyes of the user; or may be located above the bridge of the user's nose; It can also be located above or below the user's two eyes. It is preferred to be located at a location that does not affect the user's field of view. Since the image source 11 of the present application and its corresponding eyepiece optics 12 can be located either on the rear side of the flat optical waveguide 13 or on the front side of the flat optical waveguide 13, it is easy to set the required number on the wearing part. Image source 11 and its corresponding eyepiece optics 12. Further, as a preferred image source 11, the fiber-optic scanning display is small in size and light in weight, so that the utility of the present invention is further improved, so that the head-mounted display device of the present invention has both good display performance and wearing comfort.
  • the micro-display included in the image source is an optical fiber scanning display
  • the input coupler is an input coupling grating
  • the relay component is a relay grating
  • the output coupling portion is an output coupling grating
  • the monocular large field of view near-eye display module is further advanced.
  • the image source, the input coupler, the relay component, and the output coupling portion are not limited to the above examples, and the above examples are only used to further explain the above components, and examples of any of the above components may be replaced with other examples. Optional replacement parts.
  • a single-eye large-field near-eye display module includes
  • Eyepiece optics 22 disposed one-to-one corresponding to the fiber optic scanning display 21 are configured to collimate all of the beams emitted by the respective fiber scanning display 21 and into the planar optical waveguide 23,
  • the flat optical waveguide 23 has an input coupling grating 231, a relay grating 232, and an output coupling grating 233 disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the eyepiece optics 22, and each of the optical fiber scanning display 21 and the flat optical waveguide 23 and the flat optical waveguide 23 and the image
  • the input coupling grating 231, the relay grating 232 and the output coupling grating 233 corresponding to the source constitute a display subsystem.
  • the input coupling grating 231 is configured to couple all of the light beams emerging from the respective eyepiece optics 22 for forming an image having a corresponding sub-field angle into the planar optical waveguide 23, by diffracting each light beam such that the light beam is in a flat optical waveguide
  • the internal total reflection conditions of the planar optical waveguide are satisfied within 23 and each beam is directed to a respective relay grating 232 which diffracts each beam to direct each beam to a corresponding output coupling grating 233
  • the output coupling grating 233 diffracts each of the beams outward such that each beam does not satisfy the internal total reflection condition of the planar optical waveguide, and all of the outwardly diffracted beams of the output coupling grating 233 exit the planar optical waveguide 23 and form an image.
  • the image corresponds to an image emitted by the corresponding fiber scanning display 21 and has a corresponding sub-field angle;
  • each of the fiber scanning displays 21 is used for image display within a certain angle of view, and the monocular field of view of the device is increased by image stitching.
  • the relay grating 232 is configured to expand each of the beams directed to the relay grating 232 by one of horizontal expansion and vertical expansion, the output coupling grating 233 being configured to be guided to output. Each of the beams of the coupling grating 233 performs another expansion in the horizontal expansion and the vertical expansion.
  • the output coupling grating 233 of the flat optical waveguide 23 is disposed in front of the user's monocular to form an image that is visible to the user's monocular.
  • the flat optical waveguide 23 is substantially transparent so that the user can view not only the image from the fiber scanning display 21 but also the image from the real world through the flat optical waveguide 23. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to an augmented reality display device, and the image formed by the splicing is superimposed on the real world, thereby achieving the technical effect of enhancing the field of view of the enhanced display device.
  • the flat optical waveguide 23 After the position of the user's eye relative to the flat optical waveguide 23, the flat optical waveguide 23 includes two front and rear surfaces that are parallel to each other.
  • the input coupling grating 231, the relay grating 232, and the output coupling grating 233 of the flat optical waveguide 23 may be disposed on the surface or inside of the flat optical waveguide 23.
  • the fiber-optic scanning display 21 and the corresponding eyepiece optics 22 may be disposed on the front side of the flat optical waveguide 23 or on the rear side of the flat optical waveguide 23.
  • the input coupling grating 231, the relay grating 232, and the output coupling grating 233 may each be a transmission grating or a reflection grating, and a corresponding type of grating is selected according to the difference in the grating layout position and the optical path.
  • the eyepiece optics 22 generally includes a collimating lens for magnifying imaging and collimating all of the beams emitted by the fiber scanning display 21, and directing all of the collimated beams into the planar optical waveguide 23, further, All of the collimated beams are directed toward the input coupling grating 231 of the planar optical waveguide 23.
  • the area of the input coupling grating 231 is larger than the diameter of the beam emitted by the eyepiece optics 22, thereby ensuring that all of the beams emerging from the eyepiece optics 22 for forming an image having a corresponding field of view are coupled into the planar optical waveguide 23.
  • the monocular large field of view near-eye display module further includes an image processor for segmenting a complete image to be displayed having a correspondingly large angle of view into a number corresponding to the number of fiber scanning displays 21 and respective imaging positions. a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image having a corresponding sub-field angle, the image processor transmitting each sub-image to a corresponding fiber scanner, each fiber-optic scanning display 21 performing its corresponding sub-image with a corresponding field of view display.
  • the flat optical waveguide 23 emits the light beams emitted from the fiber scanning display 21 from the corresponding output coupling grating 233, and the images of the respective output coupling gratings 233 having the corresponding sub-field angles are spliced to each other to form a complete image having a corresponding field of view.
  • the image is incident on the observer's monocular.
  • the complete image of the viewer having a correspondingly large field of view is formed by the viewer's monocularly received images of all images having respective sub-field angles.
  • the imaging position of the fiber scanning display 21 refers to the orientation of the corresponding output coupling grating 233 in the flat optical waveguide 23.
  • the orientation of the output coupling grating 233 corresponding to each fiber scanning display 21 in the planar optical waveguide 23 and the orientation of the sub-image emitted by the fiber scanning display 21 in the complete image thereof Consistently, further, the image having the corresponding sub-field angle emitted by the output coupling grating 233, which is observed by the observer monocularly, coincides in the orientation in which the complete image is constructed.
  • the flat optical waveguide 23 is composed of a plurality of monochromatic waveguide stacks, each of which is coupled to the incident flat optical waveguide 23 by a monochromatic input coupling grating. a monochromatic light corresponding to the image is coupled into the monochromatic waveguide, and each of the monochromatic lights is emitted through a monochromatic relay grating and a monochromatic output coupling grating in each corresponding monochromatic waveguide, and the flat optical waveguide 23 can be
  • the three monochromatic waveguide stacks may also be composed of less than three or more than three waveguides.
  • the flat optical waveguide 23 includes a first monochrome flat optical waveguide 23a, a second monochrome flat optical waveguide 23b, and a third single order which are sequentially disposed along the optical path.
  • the color plate optical waveguide 23c, the first monochrome plate optical waveguide 23a, the second monochrome plate optical waveguide 23b, and the third monochrome plate optical waveguide 23c are respectively configured to respectively correspond to the image of the incident flat optical waveguide 23.
  • the color light is transmitted and output.
  • the input coupling gratings 231 each include a first monochromatic input coupling grating 2311, a second monochromatic input coupling grating 2312, and a third monochromatic input coupling grating 2313 which are sequentially disposed along the optical path.
  • the first monochromatic input coupling grating 2311 is disposed on the first monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23a for coupling the first monochromatic light corresponding to the image of the incident flat optical waveguide 23 into the first monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23a.
  • a second monochromatic input coupling grating 2312 is disposed on the second monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23b for coupling the second monochromatic light corresponding to the image of the incident flat optical waveguide 23 to the second monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23b a third monochromatic input coupling grating 2313 disposed on the third monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23c for coupling the third monochromatic light corresponding to the image of the incident flat optical waveguide 23 to the third monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23c.
  • the incident light beam sequentially passes through the first monochrome input coupling grating 2311, the second monochrome input coupling grating 2312, and the third monochrome input.
  • Diffraction of the coupling grating 2313 when the light beam incident on the flat optical waveguide 23 is incident from the side of the third monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23c, the incident beam sequentially passes through the third monochromatic input coupling grating 2313 and the second monochromatic input coupling grating 2312
  • the diffraction of the grating 2311 is coupled to the first monochromatic input.
  • the output coupling gratings 233 each include a first monochromatic output coupling grating 2331, a second monochromatic output coupling grating 2332, and a third monochromatic output coupling grating 2333 which are sequentially disposed along the optical path.
  • the first monochromatic output coupling grating 2331 is disposed on the first monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23a for coupling the first monochromatic light corresponding to the image of the incident flat optical waveguide 23 out of the first monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23a;
  • the second monochromatic output coupling grating 2332 is disposed on the second monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23b for coupling the second monochromatic light corresponding to the image of the incident flat optical waveguide 23 out of the second monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23b;
  • the third monochromatic output coupling grating 2333 is disposed on the third monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23c for coupling the third monochromatic light corresponding to the image of the incident flat optical waveguide 23 out of the third monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23c.
  • the first monochromatic output coupling grating 2331, the second monochromatic output coupling grating 2332, and the third monochromatic output coupling grating 2333 emit light beams in a direction toward the side on which the user's eyes are located.
  • the first monochromatic output coupling grating 2331, the second monochromatic output coupling grating 2332, and the third monochromatic output coupling grating 2333 each emit a light beam or a first monochromatic output coupling grating 2331 toward the side of the first monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23a.
  • the second monochromatic output coupling grating 2332 and the third monochromatic output coupling grating 2333 each emit a light beam toward the side of the third monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23c.
  • the relay grating 232 includes a first relay grating 2321 disposed on the first monochrome flat optical waveguide 23a, a second relay grating 2322 disposed on the second monochrome flat optical waveguide 23b, and a third relay.
  • the first relay grating 2321 couples the first monochromatic input coupling grating 2311 into the first monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23a, and diffracts the first monochromatic light totally reflected and transmitted in the first monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23a, so that It is totally reflected in the first monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23a and transmitted to the first monochromatic output coupling grating 2331;
  • the second relay grating 2322 couples the second monochromatic input coupling grating 2312 into the second monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23b, And diffracting the second monochromatic light totally reflected in the second monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23b to be totally reflected in the second monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23b and transmitted to the second monochromatic output coupling grating 2332;
  • the relay grating 2323 couples the third monochromatic input coupling grating 2313 into the third monochromatic flat optical waveguide 23c, and diffracts the third monochromatic light totally reflected in the third monochromatic flat optical
  • the first monochromatic, second monochromatic, and third monochromatic colors in the above are respectively one of red, green, and blue, and are different from each other.
  • the light beam is first incident on the red slab optical waveguide 23a via the red input coupling grating.
  • 2311 diffracts the R beam in the beam such that the R beam satisfies the internal total reflection condition of the red plate optical waveguide 23a;
  • the G beam and the B beam exit from the red input coupling grating 2311 and are incident on the green plate optical waveguide 23b via the green input coupling grating 2312 diffracts the G beam in the beam such that the G beam satisfies the internal total reflection condition of the green plate optical waveguide 23b;
  • the B beam exits from the green input coupling grating 2312 and enters the blue plate optical waveguide 23c via the blue input coupling grating 2312
  • the B beam in the beam is reflected and the B beam is incident on the green plate optical waveguide 23b such that the B beam satisfies the internal total reflection condition of the blue
  • the blue output coupling grating 2333 diffracts the B beam diffracted by the blue input coupling grating 2312 and totally reflected in the blue plate optical waveguide 23c such that the B beam does not satisfy the internal total reflection condition of the blue plate optical waveguide 23c.
  • the blue plate optical waveguide 23c is emitted and sequentially transmitted through the green plate optical waveguide 23b and the green output coupling grating 2332 and the red plate optical waveguide 23a and the red output coupling grating 2331; the green output coupling grating 2332 is diffracted by the green input coupling grating 2312
  • the G beam totally diffracted and totally reflected in the green plate optical waveguide 23b, so that the G beam does not satisfy the internal total reflection condition of the green plate optical waveguide 23b, is emitted from the green plate optical waveguide 23b, and sequentially passes through the red plate optical waveguide 23a.
  • the red output coupling grating 2331 is emitted; the red output coupling grating 2331 diffracts the R beam diffracted by the red input coupling grating 2311 and totally reflected in the red plate optical waveguide 23a, so that the R beam does not satisfy the inside of the red plate optical waveguide 23a The total reflection condition is emitted from the red plate optical waveguide 23a.
  • the micro-display included in the image source is an optical fiber scanning display
  • the input coupler is an input coupling reflection portion
  • the relay component is a relay reflection portion
  • the output coupling portion is an output coupling reflection portion, for example, a monocular large field of view near-eye display mode
  • a single-eye large field of view near-eye display module includes
  • Eyepiece optics 32 disposed one-to-one with the fiber optic scanning display 31 are configured to collimate all of the beams emitted by the respective fiber scanning display 31 and into the planar optical waveguide 33,
  • the flat optical waveguide 33 has an input coupling reflection portion 331, a relay reflection portion 332, and an output coupling reflection portion 333 which are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the eyepiece optical device 32, and each of the image source 31 and the flat optical waveguide 33 and the flat optical waveguide 33
  • the input coupling reflection portion 331, the relay reflection portion 332, and the output coupling reflection portion 333 corresponding to the image source constitute a display subsystem.
  • the input coupling reflection portion 331 is configured to couple all of the light beams emerging from the respective eyepiece optics 32 for forming an image having a corresponding sub-field angle into the planar optical waveguide 33, by reflecting each of the light beams such that the light beam is in the flat optical
  • the internal total reflection condition of the flat optical waveguide is satisfied in the waveguide 33, and each beam is guided to a corresponding relay reflection portion 332, and the relay reflection portion 332 guides each light beam to a corresponding output by reflecting each light beam.
  • the coupling reflection portion 333 the output coupling reflection portion 333 reflects each of the light beams outwardly, such that each of the light beams does not satisfy the internal total reflection condition of the flat optical waveguide, and all of the outwardly reflected light beams of the output coupling reflection portion 333 are separated from the flat optical waveguide. 33 and forming an image corresponding to the image emitted by the corresponding fiber scanning display 31 and having a corresponding sub-field angle;
  • Each of the display subsystems has partially or completely coincident exit pupils, and the images of the respective sub-field angles reflected by the respective output coupling reflection portions 333 are spliced to each other to form a complete image having a corresponding large angle of view.
  • the large angle of view is obtained by combining the sub-field angles corresponding to the images reflected outward by the respective output coupling reflection portions 333, and the complete image is correspondingly large with one of the sub-images emitted by the respective fiber scanning displays 31.
  • the complete image of the field of view corresponds.
  • each of the fiber scanning displays 31 is used for image display within a certain range of viewing angles, and the monocular field of view of the device is increased by image stitching.
  • the relay reflection portion 332 is configured to expand one of horizontal expansion and vertical expansion of each light beam guided to the relay reflection portion 332, and the output coupling reflection portion 333 is configured to Each of the beams guided to the output coupling reflection portion 333 performs another expansion in the horizontal expansion and the vertical expansion.
  • each of the relay reflection portion 332 and the output coupling reflection portion 333 may be a plurality of reversible film layers disposed in parallel in the optical path in the flat optical waveguide 33.
  • the horizontal beam expanding or the vertical beam expanding means that each of the light beams incident on the relay reflecting portion 332 or the output coupling reflecting portion 333 sequentially passes through the respective reflective layer of the reflecting portion along the optical path, after passing through each of the reflective layers.
  • the film layer can be reversed, a part of the light of the light beam will be reflected on the reverse permeable layer, and another part of the light will be transmitted through the reverse permeable layer to the next reverse permeable layer.
  • a plurality of parallel sub-beams of the beam are formed to achieve the effect of expanding the exit pupil diameter of the beam.
  • a plurality of mutually parallel reversibly permeable membrane layers of the reflecting portion are sequentially disposed in a horizontal direction, and for reflections for vertical expansion, a plurality of the reflecting portions are parallel to each other.
  • the anti-permeable membrane layers are sequentially disposed in the vertical direction.
  • the uniformity of the brightness can be ensured by setting the reflection efficiency of each of the anti-permeable layers. For example, taking the reflection portion including five reversible film layers as an example, according to the transmission direction of the light beam, the reflectance of the first anti-permeable layer can be set to 20%, and the second can be reversed.
  • the reflectance of the film layer is set to 25%
  • the reflectance of the third anti-permeable layer is set to 33%
  • the reflectance of the fourth anti-permeable layer is set to 50%
  • the fifth is The reflectance of the anti-permeable layer is set to 100% such that the brightness of each of the anti-permeable layers is 20% of the total brightness.
  • the input coupling reflection portion 331 may be a member that can achieve planar reflection such as a plane mirror or a total reflection film layer.
  • the orientation of the sub-image emitted by each fiber scanning display 31 in the complete image formed by the fiber optic scanning display 31 is in the orientation of the output coupling reflection portion 333 corresponding to the fiber scanning display 31 in the flat optical waveguide 33. Consistent. Thereby, the images formed by the light beams which are outwardly reflected by the respective output coupling reflection portions 333 are at positions required for splicing to constitute a complete image.
  • each of the light beams guided by the relay reflection portion 332 to the relay reflection portion 332 by reflection causes the light beam to satisfy the internal total reflection condition of the flat optical waveguide in the flat optical waveguide 33, and each The light beam is directed to a corresponding output coupled reflector 333.
  • the output coupling reflection portion 333 of the flat optical waveguide 33 is disposed in front of the user's one eye to form an image that is visible to the user's one eye.
  • the flat optical waveguide 33 is substantially transparent so that the user can view not only the image from the fiber scanning display 31 but also the image from the real world through the flat optical waveguide 33. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to an augmented reality display device, and the image formed by the splicing is superimposed on the real world, thereby achieving the technical effect of enhancing the field of view of the enhanced display device.
  • the flat optical waveguide 33 After the position of the user's eye relative to the flat optical waveguide 33, the flat optical waveguide 33 includes two front and rear surfaces that are parallel to each other.
  • the input coupling reflection portion 331, the relay reflection portion 332, and the output coupling reflection portion 333 of the flat optical waveguide 33 may be disposed inside the flat optical waveguide 33.
  • the fiber scanning display 31 and the corresponding eyepiece optics 32 may be disposed either on the front side of the flat optical waveguide 33 or on the rear side of the flat optical waveguide 33, as shown in FIG. 3C.
  • the eyepiece optics 32 generally includes a collimating lens for magnifying imaging and collimating all of the beams emitted by the fiber scanning display 31, and projecting all of the collimated beams into the planar optical waveguide 33. Further, All of the collimated light beams are incident on the input coupling reflection portion 331 of the flat optical waveguide 33.
  • the area of the input coupling reflection portion 331 is larger than the diameter of the light beam emitted from the eyepiece optics 32, thereby ensuring that all of the light beams emerging from the eyepiece optics 32 for forming an image having a corresponding field of view angle are coupled into the planar optical waveguide 33.
  • the monocular large field of view near-eye display module further includes an image processor for dividing a complete image to be displayed having a correspondingly large angle of view into a number corresponding to the number of fiber scanning displays 31 and respective imaging positions. a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image having a corresponding sub-field angle, the image processor transmitting each sub-image to a corresponding fiber scanner, each fiber-scanning display 31 performing its corresponding sub-image with a corresponding field of view display.
  • the flat optical waveguide 33 emits the light beams emitted from the fiber scanning display 31 from the corresponding output coupling reflection portion 333, and the images having the corresponding sub-field angles emitted by the respective output coupling reflection portions 333 are spliced to each other to form a corresponding angle of view.
  • the complete image is shot into the observer's monocular.
  • the complete image of the viewer having a correspondingly large field of view is formed by the viewer's monocularly received images of all images having respective sub-field angles.
  • the imaging position of the optical fiber scanning display 31 refers to the orientation of the corresponding output coupling reflection portion 333 in the flat optical waveguide 33.
  • the orientation of the output coupling reflection portion 333 corresponding to each of the fiber scanning displays 31 in the flat optical waveguide 33 and the sub-image emitted by the fiber scanning display 31 are in the complete image of the optical image scanning display 31.
  • the orientations coincide, and further, the images of the images having the corresponding sub-field angles emitted by the output coupling reflection portion 333 observed by the observer monocularly coincide in the entire image of the constituent images thereof.
  • Each image source is used for image display within a certain range of field of view, and the monocular field of view of the device is increased by image stitching. Since the invention performs image splitting at the image source and adopts a structure in which the input coupling grating and the output coupling grating are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the image source, the number of image sources is not limited, and all fields of view within the target range can be obtained. angle. At the same time, the present invention does not have the problem that an output coupling grating needs to converge two incident beam sources, and the output image brightness is uniform and does not require additional adjustment components or image source modulation.
  • the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above.
  • the invention extends to any new feature or any new combination disclosed in this specification, as well as any novel method or process steps or any new combination disclosed.

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Abstract

一种单眼大视场近眼显示模组，包括至少两个图像源（11）、目镜光学器件（12）和平板光学波导（13），各图像源（11）所发射的图像为构成一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像的不同部分；平板光学波导（13）具有与目镜光学器件（12）一一对应设置的输入耦合器（131）、中继部件（132）和输出耦合器（133），各输出耦合器（133）向外衍射或反射的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接，构成一个具有相应大视角的完整图像。该完整图像的大视场角是由各输出耦合器（133）向外衍射或反射的图像相对应的子视场角合并得到，该完整图像与各图像源（11）所发射的子图像所构成的一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像相对应。

Description

单眼大视场近眼显示模组、显示方法及头戴式显示设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2018年02月13日提交的名称为“单眼大视场近眼显示模组、显示方法及头戴式显示设备”的中国专利申请CN201810149466.6以及于2018年02月13日提交的名称为“单眼大视场近眼显示模组、显示方法及头戴式显示设备”的中国专利申请CN201820256864.3的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及增强现实显示技术领域，尤其涉及大视场近眼显示设备。
背景技术
增强现实(AR)显示设备使得用户能够透过设备的透明或半透明显示器来观看周围的环境，并且还看到显示器生成的的图像覆盖在周围环境上。这类设备通常为头戴式显示器(HMD)眼镜或其他可佩带的显示设备。设备通常利用光学波导来传输图像，显示器的光需要通过输入耦合器耦合入光学波导，同时光学波导内又需要设置中间部件来扩展光瞳，现有输入耦合器和中间部件的结构使得输入的图像的对角线视场角不能超过35度，特别是中间部件结构的制约，因而现有增强现实显示设备通常只有14-34度的对角线视场角。也有现有技术通过将显示设备输入的图像通过一个输入耦合部拆分成两路在光学波导内进行传播，并通过输出耦合部来会聚射出，从而达到增大增强现实显示设备对角线视场角的效果。但这种技术受制于输入耦合部的结构，其仅能将视场角扩展至接近70度，仍不能达到人们对增强现实显示设备大视场的期望，不能满足消费市场的需求。并且输入耦合部的图像拆分和输出耦合部的会聚又带来了会聚图像亮度不均匀的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种大视场近眼显示技术，采用拼接的方式实现大视场的近眼显示。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明一方面提供一种单眼大视场近眼显示模组，包括
至少两个图像源，每个图像源均用于发射形成图像的光束，各图像源所发射的图像为构成一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像的不同部分，每个图像源发射的光束所形成的图像具有相应的子视场角；
与图像源一一对应设置的目镜光学器件，其被配置为将相应的图像源发射的全部光束进行准直并射入平板光学波导，
平板光学波导具有与目镜光学器件一一对应设置的输入耦合器、中继部件和输出耦合器，每个图像源和平板光学波导及平板光学波导上与该图像源相对应的输入耦合器、中继部件和输出耦合器构成一个显示子系统，
输入耦合器被配置为将相应目镜光学器件出射的、用于形成具有相应子视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导，通过衍射或反射每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的中继部件，中继部件通过衍射或反射每一光束，将每一光束引导到相应的输出耦合器，输出耦合器将每一光束向外衍射或反射，使得每一光束不满足平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，所述输出耦合器向外衍射或反射的全部光束离开平板光学波导并形成图像，该图像与相应图像源发射的图像相对应并具有相应的子视场角；
各显示子系统具有部分重合或全部重合的出射光瞳，各输出耦合器向外衍射或反射的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接，构成一个具有相应大视角的完整图像，该完整图像的大视场角是由各输出耦合器向外衍射或反射的图像相对应的子视场角合并得到，该完整图像与所述各图像源所发射的子图像所构成的一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像相对应。各显示子系统的出射光瞳中心均位于用户的眼睛的瞳孔中心，以使得各输出耦合器将形成具有相应子视场角的图像的光束引导到用户的眼睛上。
从而每个图像源分别用于某个视场角范围内的图像显示，并通过图像拼接，增大设备的单眼视场角。由于本发明是在图像源处进行图像拆分，又采用输入耦合光栅和输出耦合光栅与图像源一一对应配置的结构，因而图像源的数量不受限 制，本发明的每个输出耦合光栅均能够输出最大35°左右的对角线视场角，因而本发明整体能获得目标范围内的所有视场角，远远大于现有设备所能达到的70度的极限。同时本发明也不存在一个输出耦合光栅需要会聚两个入射光束源的问题，输出的图像亮度均匀一致，不需要额外的调节部件或图像源调制。
所述的中继部件被配置为将引导至中继部件的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的一种扩束，所述的输出耦合器被配置为将引导至输出耦合器的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的另一种扩束。
进一步的，各图像源发射的图像在其构成的所述完整图像中所处的方位与该图像源所对应的输出耦合器在平板光学波导中所处的方位相一致。从而使得各输出耦合器向外衍射或反射的光束形成的图像均处于拼接构成完整图像所需的位置。
进一步可选的，中继部件通过衍射或反射被引导至中继部件的每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的输出耦合器。
平板光学波导的输出耦合器被配置于用户单眼的前方，以形成对用户单眼可见的图像。平板光学波导是基本透明的，以使得用户不仅可以观看来自图像源的图像，还可以透过平板光学波导观看来自现实世界的图像。从而使得本发明可用于增强现实显示设备，将所述拼接形成的图像叠加于现实世界中，达到提高增强显示设备视场角的技术效果。
以用户眼睛相对于平板光学波导所处的位置为后，所述的平板光学波导包括前后两个相互平行的表面。平板光学波导的输入耦合器、中继部件和输出耦合器均可布设于平板光学波导的表面或内部。图像源及对应的目镜光学器件既可以布设于平板光学波导的前侧，也可以布设于平板光学波导的后侧。
所述的图像源包括微显示器，微显示器可以为数字光处理(DLP)显示器、硅基液晶(LCOS)显示器、LCD显示器、OLED显示器、光纤扫描显示器和MEMS扫描图像显示系统中的任意一种。优选的所述的微显示器采用光纤扫描显示器，其具有体积小、重量轻的特点，其结合本发明中需要配置多个图像源的客观特点，能够使得本发明实用性、便捷性得到明显提升。而类似数字光处理(DLP)显示器、硅基液晶(LCOS)显示器、LCD显示器、OLED显示器和MEMS扫描图像显示系统均具有部件结构复杂、体积大、重量大的特点，一个显示系统或模组采用一个 上述显示器就已具有相当大的体积和重量，特别是对于头戴设备，一个显示系统采用两个或多个上述显示器带来的大体积、大重量是不能被用户接受的。
所述的目镜光学器件一般包括准直透镜，其用于放大成像并将图像源发射的全部光束进行准直，并将准直后的全部光束射入平板光学波导，进一步的，准直后的全部光束射向平板光学波导的输入耦合器。
所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组还包括图像处理器，其用于将待显示的、具有相应大视场角的完整图像分割成与图像源的数量和各自成像位置相对应的多个子图像，每个子图像具有相应的子视场角，图像处理器将每个子图像传输给相应的图像源，每个图像源将其相对应的具有相应视场角的子图像进行显示。从而，平板光学波导将图像源发射的光束从对应的输出耦合器处射出，各输出耦合器射出的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接构成具有相应视场角的完整的图像并射入观察者单眼。观察者单眼接收到的为所有具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接构成的所述具有相应大视场角的完整图像。
所述的图像源的成像位置是指其所对应的输出耦合器在平板光学波导中所处的方位。
优选的，所述的输入耦合器为输入耦合光栅，所述的中继部件为中继光栅、所述的输出耦合部为输出耦合光栅。
进一步的，所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组，包括
至少两个光纤扫描显示器，每个光纤扫描显示器均用于发射形成图像的光束，各光纤扫描显示器所发射的图像为构成一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像的不同部分，每个光纤扫描显示器发射的光束所形成的图像具有相应的子视场角；
与光纤扫描显示器一一对应设置的目镜光学器件，其被配置为将相应的光纤扫描显示器发射的全部光束进行准直并射入平板光学波导，
平板光学波导具有与目镜光学器件一一对应设置的输入耦合光栅、中继光栅和输出耦合光栅，每个光纤扫描显示器和平板光学波导及平板光学波导上与该图像源相对应的输入耦合光栅、中继光栅和输出耦合光栅构成一个显示子系统，
输入耦合光栅被配置为将相应目镜光学器件出射的、用于形成具有相应子视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导，通过衍射每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的中继光栅，中继光栅通过衍射每一光束，将每一光束引导到相应的输出耦 合光栅，输出耦合光栅将每一光束向外衍射，使得每一光束不满足平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，所述输出耦合光栅向外衍射的全部光束离开平板光学波导并形成图像，该图像与相应光纤扫描显示器发射的图像相对应并具有相应的子视场角；
各显示子系统具有部分重合或全部重合的出射光瞳，各输出耦合光栅向外衍射的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接，构成一个具有相应大视角的完整图像，该完整图像的大视场角是由各输出耦合光栅向外衍射的图像相对应的子视场角合并得到，该完整图像与所述各光纤扫描显示器所发射的子图像所构成的一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像相对应。
优选的，所述的输入耦合器为输入耦合反射部，所述的中继部件为中继反射部，所述的输出耦合部为输出耦合反射部。
进一步的，所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组，包括
至少两个光纤扫描显示器，每个光纤扫描显示器均用于发射形成图像的光束，各光纤扫描显示器所发射的图像为构成一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像的不同部分，每个光纤扫描显示器发射的光束所形成的图像具有相应的子视场角；
与光纤扫描显示器一一对应设置的目镜光学器件，其被配置为将相应的光纤扫描显示器发射的全部光束进行准直并射入平板光学波导，
平板光学波导具有与目镜光学器件一一对应设置的输入耦合反射部、中继反射部和输出耦合反射部，
输入耦合反射部被配置为将相应目镜光学器件出射的、用于形成具有相应子视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导，通过反射每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的中继反射部，中继反射部通过反射每一光束，将每一光束引导到相应的输出耦合反射部，输出耦合反射部将每一光束向外反射，使得每一光束不满足平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，所述输出耦合反射部向外反射的全部光束离开平板光学波导并形成图像，该图像与相应光纤扫描显示器发射的图像相对应并具有相应的子视场角；
各输出耦合反射部向外反射的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接，构成一个具有相应大视角的完整图像，该完整图像的大视场角是由各输出耦合反射部向外反射的图像相对应的子视场角合并得到，该完整图像与所述各光纤扫描显示器所 发射的子图像所构成的一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像相对应。
进一步可选的，所述的中继反射部和输出耦合反射部均为设置于平板光学波导内的多个沿光路依次平行设置的可反可透膜层，所述的输入耦合反射部为平面反射镜或全反射膜层。
本发明另一方面提供一种单眼大视场近眼显示方法，包括：
S1、至少两个图像源均发射形成具有相应子市场角的图像的光束，所有图像源发射的光束所形成的图像可构成一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像；
S2、每个图像源发射的光束经对应设置的目镜光学器件准直后全部射入平板光学波导的相应输入耦合器；各输入耦合器将相应目镜光学器件出射的、用于形成具有相应子视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导，通过衍射或反射每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的中继部件，中继部件通过衍射或反射每一光束，将每一光束引导到相应的输出耦合器，输出耦合器将每一光束向外衍射或反射，使得每一光束不满足平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，所述输出耦合器向外衍射或反射的全部光束离开平板光学波导并形成图像，该图像与相应图像源发射的图像相对应并具有相应的子视场角，每个图像源和平板光学波导及平板光学波导上与该图像源相对应的输入耦合器、中继部件和输出耦合器构成一个显示子系统，各显示子系统具有部分重合或全部重合的出射光瞳，各输出耦合器向外衍射或反射的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接，构成一个具有相应大视角的完整图像，该完整图像的大视场角是由各输出耦合器向外衍射或反射的图像相对应的子视场角合并得到，该完整图像与所述各图像源所发射的子图像所构成的一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像相对应。
进一步的，所述的中继部件将引导至中继部件的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的一种扩束，所述的输出耦合器将引导至输出耦合器的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的另一种扩束。
上述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组可以结合到混合现实显示设备或增强现实显示设备中，但不限于此。上述单眼大视场近眼显示模组的单个实施例可以提供给用户的左眼和右眼中的每一个。因而本发明另一方面提供一种头戴式显示设备，包括上述的任意一种单眼大视场近眼显示模组和用于佩戴于用户头部的头戴部件，单眼大视场近眼显示模组安装在所述头戴部件上并被定位成其输出耦合器 将光束引导到佩戴者的眼睛上。
所述的头戴式显示设备具有一个单眼大视场近眼显示模组，单眼大视场近眼显示模组被定位成其输出耦合器将光束引导到佩戴者的左眼或右眼上。
所述的头戴式显示设备具有两个单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其中一个单眼大视场近眼显示模组被定位成其输出耦合器将光束引导到佩戴者的左眼上，另外一个单眼大视场近眼显示模组被定位成其输出耦合器将光束引导到佩戴者的右眼上。
作为一个优选的实施例两个单眼大视场近眼显示模组共用一个平板光学波导，然后在该平板光学波导的所需部位分别设置用于两个单眼大视场近眼显示模组的输入耦合器、中继部件、输出耦合器。
所述的头戴部件包括框架、头盔或头带等可以佩戴于用户头上的部件。
所述的大视场近眼显示模组的各图像源及其对应的目镜光学器件可以位于头戴部件的侧面，使其位于用户两个眼睛的外侧；也可以位于用户的鼻梁的上方；也可以位于用户两个眼睛的上方或下方。优选的是位于不影响用户视野的位置。由于本申请的图像源及其对应的目镜光学器件既可以位于平板光学波导的后侧也可以位于平板光学波导的前侧，因而可以轻松的在头戴部件上设置所需数量的图像源及其对应的目镜光学器件。进一步的，作为优选的图像源，光纤扫描显示器体积小、重量轻的特点，使得本发明的实用性进一步提升，使得本发明的头戴式显示设备同时具有良好的显示性能和佩戴舒适性。
本发明实施例中的一个或者多个技术方案，至少具有如下技术效果或者优点：
每个图像源分别用于某个视场角范围内的图像显示，并通过图像拼接，增大设备的单眼视场角。由于本发明是在图像源处进行图像拆分，又采用输入耦合光栅和输出耦合光栅与图像源一一对应配置的结构，因而图像源的数量不受限制，能获得目标范围内的所有视场角。同时本发明也不存在一个输出耦合光栅需要会聚两个入射光束源的问题，输出的图像亮度均匀一致，不需要额外的调节部件或图像源调制。
附图说明
在下文中参考附图来对本发明进行更详细的描述。其中：
图1A为本发明的单眼大视场近眼显示模组的一种实施例的俯视结构示意图；
图1B为图1A所示实施例的平板光学波导结构示意图；
图1C为图1A所示实施例的左视结构示意图；
图1D为本发明的单眼大视场近眼显示模组的另一种实施例的平板光学波导结构示意图；
图1E为本发明的单眼大视场近眼显示模组的第三种实施例的平板光学波导结构示意图；
图1F为本发明的单眼大视场近眼显示模组的第四种实施例的平板光学波导结构示意图；
图1G为图形源分设于平板光学波导两侧的单眼大视场近眼显示模组的结构示意图；
图2A为采用光栅结构的单眼大视场近眼显示模组的结构示意图；
图2B为图2A所示实施例的左视结构示意图；
图2C为采用三个单色波导堆叠构成的平板光学波导的实施例的结构示意图；
图2D为图2C所示实施例的左视的结构示意图；
图3A为采用反射结构的单眼大视场近眼显示模组的结构示意图；
图3B为图3A所示实施例的左视结构示意图；
图3C为采用反射结构且图形源分设于平板光学波导两侧的单眼大视场近眼显示模组的结构示意图。
在附图中，相同的部件使用相同的附图标记。附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
参考图1A、1B、1C，本发明一方面提供一种单眼大视场近眼显示模组，包括
至少两个图像源11，每个图像源11均用于发射形成图像的光束，各图像源 11所发射的图像为构成一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像的不同部分，每个图像源11发射的光束所形成的图像具有相应的子视场角；
与图像源11一一对应设置的目镜光学器件12，其被配置为将相应的图像源11发射的全部光束进行准直并射入平板光学波导13，
平板光学波导13具有与目镜光学器件12一一对应设置的输入耦合器131、中继部件132和输出耦合器133，每个图像源11和平板光学波导13及平板光学波导13上与该图像源相对应的输入耦合器131、中继部件312和输出耦合器133构成一个显示子系统，
输入耦合器131被配置为将相应目镜光学器件12出射的、用于形成具有相应子视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导13，通过衍射或反射每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导13内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的中继部件132，中继部件132通过衍射或反射每一光束，将每一光束引导到相应的输出耦合器133，输出耦合器133将每一光束向外衍射或反射，使得每一光束不满足平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，所述输出耦合器133向外衍射或反射的全部光束离开平板光学波导13并形成图像，该图像与相应图像源11发射的图像相对应并具有相应的子视场角；
各显示子系统具有部分重合或全部重合的出射光瞳，各输出耦合器133向外衍射或反射的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接，构成一个具有相应大视角的完整图像，该完整图像的大视场角是由各输出耦合器133向外衍射或反射的图像相对应的子视场角合并得到，该完整图像与所述各图像源11所发射的子图像所构成的一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像相对应。各显示子系统的出射光瞳中心均位于用户的眼睛的瞳孔中心，以使得各输出耦合器133将形成具有相应子视场角的图像的光束引导到用户的眼睛上。
从而每个图像源11分别用于某个视场角范围内的图像显示，并通过图像拼接，增大设备的单眼视场角。由于本发明是在图像源11处进行图像拆分，又采用输入耦合光栅和输出耦合光栅与图像源11一一对应配置的结构，因而图像源11的数量不受限制，本发明的每个输出耦合光栅均能够输出最大35°左右的对角线视场角，因而本发明整体能获得目标范围内的所有视场角，远远大于现有设备所能达到的7°的极限。同时本发明也不存在一个输出耦合光栅需要会聚两个入射光束源的问题，输出的图像亮度均匀一致，不需要额外的调节部件或图像源 11调制。
如图1B、图1D、图1F、图1E所示，图像源11的个数可以为两个、三个、四个或任意多个。根据设备的使用需要，所述的多个输出耦合器133可以以任意需要的形式进行排列，如：可以沿水平方向依次排列，也可以沿垂直方向依次排列，也可以呈矩阵排列等，从而实现了各出射图像的水平拼接、垂直拼接、矩阵拼接等。每个所述的图像源11显示一个整体图像的局部图像，最后多个局部图像拼接构成完整的整体图像，从而增大设备的单眼视场角。所述至少两个图像源11中，任意两个图像源11显示的局部图像可以水平拼接或垂直拼接。例如，对于任意两个水平拼接的图像源11显示的局部图像，其中一个图像源11显示的局部图像的水平视场角为a°-b°，另一个图像源11显示的局部图像的水平视场角为b°-c°或d°-a°，则这两个图像源11显示的局部图像水平拼接后的图像的水平视场角即为a°-c°或d°-b°。又例如，对于任意两个垂直拼接的图像源11显示的局部图像，其中一个图像源11显示的局部图像的垂直视场角为a°-b°，另一个图像源11显示的局部图像的垂直视场角为b°-c°或d°-a°，则这两个图像源11显示的局部图像垂直拼接后的图像的垂直视场角即为a°-c°或d°-b°。同理，多个局部图像拼接就能获得目标水平视场角和目标垂直视场角。
例如图1A-图1C所示，给出了图像源11数量为两个、两个输出耦合器133沿水平方向排列、两个图像源11的图像水平拼接的实施例的结构图，其中一个图像源11的图像通过平板光学波导13传输后对应的视场角为零度到最大水平视场角(如40°)，另一个图像源11的图像通过平板光学波导13传输后对应的视场角为负的最大水平视场角(如-40°)到零度，正负只代表相应的方向，通过拼接就可以实现80°的视场角。
如图1D给出了图像源11数量为四个、四个输出耦合器133呈矩阵排列、四个图像源11显示的图像呈矩阵拼接的实施例的结构图，该实施例既增大了水平视场角，也增大了垂直视场角。如图1E、1F给出了图像源11数量为四个、四个输出耦合器133沿水平方向依次排列、四个图像源11显示的图像水平拼接的实施例的结构图，从而增大了水平视场角。
作为优选的，输出耦合器133尽量位于平板光学波导13的中间位置，但不限于此。输入耦合器131可以设置于平板光学波导13的任意位置，并不受限制，但为了方便配置图像源11及相应的目镜光学器件12，并且尽量降低对用户视场 的影响，输入耦合器131可以设置于平板光学波导13的边缘或边角处。
所述的中继部件132被配置为将引导至中继部件132的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的一种扩束，所述的输出耦合器133被配置为将引导至输出耦合器133的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的另一种扩束。
所述的水平扩束或垂直扩束是指将入射至中继部件132或输出耦合器133的每一光束被扩展成该光束的多个沿水平方向并排排列的平行子光束或多个沿垂直方向并排排列的平行子光束，达到扩展光束的出瞳直径的效果。
进一步的，各图像源11发射的图像在其构成的所述完整图像中所处的方位与该图像源11所对应的输出耦合器133在平板光学波导13中所处的方位相一致。从而使得各输出耦合器133向外衍射或反射的光束形成的图像均处于拼接构成完整图像所需的位置。
进一步可选的，中继部件132通过衍射或反射被引导至中继部件132的每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导13内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的输出耦合器133。
平板光学波导13的输出耦合器133被配置于用户单眼的前方，以形成对用户单眼可见的图像。平板光学波导13是基本透明的，以使得用户不仅可以观看来自图像源11的图像，还可以透过平板光学波导13观看来自现实世界的图像。从而使得本发明可用于增强现实显示设备，将所述拼接形成的图像叠加于现实世界中，达到提高增强显示设备视场角的技术效果。
以用户眼睛相对于平板光学波导13所处的位置为后，所述的平板光学波导13包括前后两个相互平行的表面。平板光学波导13的输入耦合器131、中继部件132和输出耦合器133均可布设于平板光学波导13的表面或内部。图像源11及对应的目镜光学器件12既可以布设于平板光学波导13的前侧，如图1A所示；也可以布设于平板光学波导13的后侧，如图1G所示。
所述的图像源11包括微显示器，微显示器可以为数字光处理(DLP)显示器、硅基液晶(LCOS)显示器、LCD显示器、OLED显示器、光纤扫描显示器和MEMS扫描图像显示系统中的任意一种。优选的所述的微显示器采用光纤扫描显示器，其具有体积小、重量轻的特点，其结合本发明中需要配置多个图像源11的客观特点，能够使得本发明实用性、便捷性得到明显提升。而类似数字光处理(DLP)显示器、硅基液晶(LCOS)显示器、LCD显示器、OLED显示器和MEMS扫描图 像显示系统均具有部件结构复杂、体积大、重量大的特点，一个显示系统或模组采用一个上述显示器就已具有相当大的体积和重量，特别是对于头戴设备，一个显示系统采用两个或多个上述显示器带来的大体积、大重量是不能被用户接受的。
所述的目镜光学器件12一般包括准直透镜，其用于放大成像并将图像源11发射的全部光束进行准直，并将准直后的全部光束射入平板光学波导13，进一步的，准直后的全部光束射向平板光学波导13的输入耦合器131。输入耦合器131的面积大于目镜光学器件12射出的光束的直径，从而保证目镜光学器件12出射的、用于形成具有相应视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导13。
所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组还包括图像处理器，其用于将待显示的、具有相应大视场角的完整图像分割成与图像源11的数量和各自成像位置相对应的多个子图像，每个子图像具有相应的子视场角，图像处理器将每个子图像传输给相应的光纤扫描器，每个图像源11将其相对应的具有相应视场角的子图像进行显示。从而，平板光学波导13将图像源11发射的光束从对应的输出耦合器133处射出，各输出耦合器133射出的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接构成具有相应视场角的完整的图像并射入观察者单眼。观察者单眼接收到的为所有具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接构成的所述具有相应大视场角的完整图像。
所述的图像源11的成像位置是指其所对应的输出耦合器133在平板光学波导13中所处的方位。如前所述，各图像源11所对应的输出耦合器133在平板光学波导13中所处的方位与该图像源11发射的子图像在其构成的所述完整图像中所处的方位相一致，进一步地，也与由观察者单眼观察到的该输出耦合器133射出的具有相应子视场角的图像在其构成的完整图像中所处的方位相一致。
本发明另一方面提供一种单眼大视场近眼显示方法，包括：
S1、至少两个图像源11均发射形成具有相应子市场角的图像的光束，所有图像源11发射的光束所形成的图像可构成一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像；
S2、每个图像源11发射的光束经对应设置的目镜光学器件12准直后全部射入平板光学波导13的相应输入耦合器131；各输入耦合器131将相应目镜光学器件12出射的、用于形成具有相应子视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导13，通过衍射或反射每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导13内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的中继部件132，中继 部件132通过衍射或反射每一光束，将每一光束引导到相应的输出耦合器133，输出耦合器133将每一光束向外衍射或反射，使得每一光束不满足平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，所述输出耦合器133向外衍射或反射的全部光束离开平板光学波导13并形成图像，该图像与相应图像源11发射的图像相对应并具有相应的子视场角，每个图像源11和平板光学波导13及平板光学波导13上与该图像源相对应的输入耦合器131、中继部件132和输出耦合器133构成一个显示子系统，各显示子系统具有部分重合或全部重合的出射光瞳，各输出耦合器133向外衍射或反射的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接，构成一个具有相应大视角的完整图像，该完整图像的大视场角是由各输出耦合器133向外衍射或反射的图像相对应的子视场角合并得到，该完整图像与所述各图像源11所发射的子图像所构成的一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像相对应。
进一步的，所述的中继部件132将引导至中继部件132的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的一种扩束，所述的输出耦合器133将引导至输出耦合器133的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的另一种扩束。
上述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组可以结合到混合现实显示设备或增强现实显示设备中，但不限于此。上述单眼大视场近眼显示模组的单个实施例可以提供给用户的左眼和右眼中的每一个。因而本发明另一方面提供一种头戴式显示设备，包括上述的任意一种单眼大视场近眼显示模组和用于佩戴于用户头部的头戴部件，单眼大视场近眼显示模组安装在所述头戴部件上并被定位成其输出耦合器133将光束引导到佩戴者的眼睛上。
所述的头戴式显示设备具有一个单眼大视场近眼显示模组，单眼大视场近眼显示模组被定位成其输出耦合器133将光束引导到佩戴者的左眼或右眼上。
所述的头戴式显示设备具有两个单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其中一个单眼大视场近眼显示模组被定位成其输出耦合器133将光束引导到佩戴者的左眼上，另外一个单眼大视场近眼显示模组被定位成其输出耦合器133将光束引导到佩戴者的右眼上。
作为一个优选的实施例两个单眼大视场近眼显示模组共用一个平板光学波导13，然后在该平板光学波导13的所需部位分别设置用于两个单眼大视场近眼显示模组的输入耦合器131、中继部件132、输出耦合器133。
所述的头戴部件包括框架、头盔或头带等可以佩戴于用户头上的部件。
所述的大视场近眼显示模组的各图像源11及其对应的目镜光学器件12可以位于头戴部件的侧面，使其位于用户两个眼睛的外侧；也可以位于用户的鼻梁的上方；也可以位于用户两个眼睛的上方或下方。优选的是位于不影响用户视野的位置。由于本申请的图像源11及其对应的目镜光学器件12既可以位于平板光学波导13的后侧也可以位于平板光学波导13的前侧，因而可以轻松的在头戴部件上设置所需数量的图像源11及其对应的目镜光学器件12。进一步的，作为优选的图像源11，光纤扫描显示器体积小、重量轻的特点，使得本发明的实用性进一步提升，使得本发明的头戴式显示设备同时具有良好的显示性能和佩戴舒适性。
下面以图像源包括的微显示器为光纤扫描显示器、输入耦合器为输入耦合光栅、中继部件为中继光栅、输出耦合部为输出耦合光栅为例，对单眼大视场近眼显示模组做进一步说明。但应注意的是，图像源、输入耦合器、中继部件、输出耦合部均不限于如上实例，以上实例仅用于对上述部件进行进一步解释说明，上述任意一部件的实例均可换为其他可选的替换部件。
具体的，结合图2A、2B所示，一种单眼大视场近眼显示模组，包括
至少两个光纤扫描显示器21，每个光纤扫描显示器21均用于发射形成图像的光束，各光纤扫描显示器21所发射的图像为构成一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像的不同部分，每个光纤扫描显示器21发射的光束所形成的图像具有相应的子视场角；
与光纤扫描显示器21一一对应设置的目镜光学器件22，其被配置为将相应的光纤扫描显示器21发射的全部光束进行准直并射入平板光学波导23，
平板光学波导23具有与目镜光学器件22一一对应设置的输入耦合光栅231、中继光栅232和输出耦合光栅233，每个光纤扫描显示器21和平板光学波导23及平板光学波导23上与该图像源相对应的输入耦合光栅231、中继光栅232和输出耦合光栅233构成一个显示子系统，
输入耦合光栅231被配置为将相应目镜光学器件22出射的、用于形成具有相应子视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导23，通过衍射每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导23内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的中继光栅232，中继光栅232通过衍射每一光束，将每一光束引导到相应的输出耦合光栅233，输出耦合光栅233将每一光束向外衍射，使得每一光束不满足平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，所述输出耦合光栅233向 外衍射的全部光束离开平板光学波导23并形成图像，该图像与相应光纤扫描显示器21发射的图像相对应并具有相应的子视场角；
各显示子系统具有部分重合或全部重合的出射光瞳，各输出耦合光栅233向外衍射的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接，构成一个具有相应大视角的完整图像，该完整图像的大视场角是由各输出耦合光栅233向外衍射的图像相对应的子视场角合并得到，该完整图像与所述各光纤扫描显示器21所发射的子图像所构成的一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像相对应。
从而每个光纤扫描显示器21分别用于某个视场角范围内的图像显示，并通过图像拼接，增大设备的单眼视场角。
所述的中继光栅232被配置为将引导至中继光栅232的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的一种扩束，所述的输出耦合光栅233被配置为将引导至输出耦合光栅233的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的另一种扩束。
所述的水平扩束或垂直扩束是指将入射至光栅的每一光束沿着该光栅的宽度的方向被引导到该光栅的多个扩展区域上，光栅的多个扩展区域实现对每一光束的扩展，以形成该光束的多个平行子光束，达到扩展光束的出瞳直径的效果。对于进行水平扩束的光栅而言，该光栅的多个扩展区域沿水平方向依次设置，对于进行垂直扩束的光栅而言，该光栅的多个扩展区域沿垂直方向依次设置。通过调节各扩展区的衍射效率实现扩束并保证扩展出瞳的光亮度均匀性。
进一步的，各光纤扫描显示器21发射的子图像在其构成的所述完整图像中所处的方位与该光纤扫描显示器21所对应的输出耦合光栅233在平板光学波导23中所处的方位相一致。从而使得各输出耦合光栅233向外衍射的光束形成的图像均处于拼接构成完整图像所需的位置。
进一步可选的，中继光栅232通过衍射被引导至中继光栅232的每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导23内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的输出耦合光栅233。
平板光学波导23的输出耦合光栅233被配置于用户单眼的前方，以形成对用户单眼可见的图像。平板光学波导23是基本透明的，以使得用户不仅可以观看来自光纤扫描显示器21的图像，还可以透过平板光学波导23观看来自现实世界的图像。从而使得本发明可用于增强现实显示设备，将所述拼接形成的图像叠加于现实世界中，达到提高增强显示设备视场角的技术效果。
以用户眼睛相对于平板光学波导23所处的位置为后，所述的平板光学波导23包括前后两个相互平行的表面。平板光学波导23的输入耦合光栅231、中继光栅232和输出耦合光栅233均可布设于平板光学波导23的表面或内部。光纤扫描显示器21及对应的目镜光学器件22既可以布设于平板光学波导23的前侧，也可以布设于平板光学波导23的后侧。输入耦合光栅231、中继光栅232和输出耦合光栅233均可为透射光栅或反射光栅，根据上述光栅布设位置的不同和光路的需要选用相应类型的光栅。
所述的目镜光学器件22一般包括准直透镜，其用于放大成像并将光纤扫描显示器21发射的全部光束进行准直，并将准直后的全部光束射入平板光学波导23，进一步的，准直后的全部光束射向平板光学波导23的输入耦合光栅231。输入耦合光栅231的面积大于目镜光学器件22射出的光束的直径，从而保证目镜光学器件22出射的、用于形成具有相应视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导23。
所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组还包括图像处理器，其用于将待显示的、具有相应大视场角的完整图像分割成与光纤扫描显示器21的数量和各自成像位置相对应的多个子图像，每个子图像具有相应的子视场角，图像处理器将每个子图像传输给相应的光纤扫描器，每个光纤扫描显示器21将其相对应的具有相应视场角的子图像进行显示。从而，平板光学波导23将光纤扫描显示器21发射的光束从对应的输出耦合光栅233处射出，各输出耦合光栅233射出的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接构成具有相应视场角的完整的图像并射入观察者单眼。观察者单眼接收到的为所有具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接构成的所述具有相应大视场角的完整图像。
所述的光纤扫描显示器21的成像位置是指其所对应的输出耦合光栅233在平板光学波导23中所处的方位。如前所述，各光纤扫描显示器21所对应的输出耦合光栅233在平板光学波导23中所处的方位与该光纤扫描显示器21发射的子图像在其构成的所述完整图像中所处的方位相一致，进一步地，也与由观察者单眼观察到的该输出耦合光栅233射出的具有相应子视场角的图像在其构成的完整图像中所处的方位相一致。
进一步可选的，本发明的一些实施例中，所述的平板光学波导23是由多个单色波导堆叠构成的，每个单色波导均通过单色输入耦合光栅将与入射平板光学 波导23的图像相对应的一个单色光耦合到单色波导中，各所述单色光在各相应单色波导内经过单色中继光栅、单色输出耦合光栅后射出，平板光学波导23可以由三个单色波导堆叠构成，也可以少于三个或多于三个波导。
参考图2C、2D所示，以三个波导堆叠为例进行说明，其平板光学波导23包括沿光路依次设置的第一单色平板光学波导23a、第二单色平板光学波导23b和第三单色平板光学波导23c，第一单色平板光学波导23a、第二单色平板光学波导23b和第三单色平板光学波导23c被分别配置为将与入射平板光学波导23的图像相对应的各单色光进行传导、输出。
所述的输入耦合光栅231均包括沿光路依次设置的第一单色输入耦合光栅2311、第二单色输入耦合光栅2312和第三单色输入耦合光栅2313。第一单色输入耦合光栅2311设置于第一单色平板光学波导23a上，用于将与入射平板光学波导23的图像相对应的第一单色光耦合到第一单色平板光学波导23a中；第二单色输入耦合光栅2312设置于第二单色平板光学波导23b上，用于将与入射平板光学波导23的图像相对应的第二单色光耦合到第二单色平板光学波导23b中；第三单色输入耦合光栅2313设置于第三单色平板光学波导23c上，用于将与入射平板光学波导23的图像相对应的第三单色光耦合到第三单色平板光学波导23c中。
当入射平板光学波导23的光束沿从第一单色平板光学波导23a一侧入射时，入射光束依次经过第一单色输入耦合光栅2311、第二单色输入耦合光栅2312和第三单色输入耦合光栅2313的衍射；当入射平板光学波导23的光束沿从第三单色平板光学波导23c一侧入射时，入射光束依次经过第三单色输入耦合光栅2313、第二单色输入耦合光栅2312和第一单色输入耦合光栅2311的衍射。
所述的输出耦合光栅233均包括沿光路依次设置的第一单色输出耦合光栅2331、第二单色输出耦合光栅2332和第三单色输出耦合光栅2333。第一单色输出耦合光栅2331设置于第一单色平板光学波导23a上，用于将与入射平板光学波导23的图像相对应的第一单色光耦出第一单色平板光学波导23a；第二单色输出耦合光栅2332设置于第二单色平板光学波导23b上，用于将与入射平板光学波导23的图像相对应的第二单色光耦出第二单色平板光学波导23b；第三单色输出耦合光栅2333设置于第三单色平板光学波导23c上，用于将与入射平板光学波导23的图像相对应的第三单色光耦出第三单色平板光学波导23c。
第一单色输出耦合光栅2331、第二单色输出耦合光栅2332和第三单色输出 耦合光栅2333射出光束的方向均朝向用户眼睛所处的一侧。如第一单色输出耦合光栅2331、第二单色输出耦合光栅2332和第三单色输出耦合光栅2333均向第一单色平板光学波导23a一侧射出光束或第一单色输出耦合光栅2331、第二单色输出耦合光栅2332和第三单色输出耦合光栅2333均向第三单色平板光学波导23c一侧射出光束。
所述的中继光栅232包括设置于第一单色平板光学波导23a上第一中继光栅2321、设置于第二单色平板光学波导23b上的第二中继光栅2322和设置于第三单色平板光学波导23c上的第三中继光栅2323。第一中继光栅2321将第一单色输入耦合光栅2311耦合入第一单色平板光学波导23a、并在第一单色平板光学波导23a内全反射传输的第一单色光进行衍射，使其在第一单色平板光学波导23a内全反射传输至第一单色输出耦合光栅2331；第二中继光栅2322将第二单色输入耦合光栅2312耦合入第二单色平板光学波导23b、并在第二单色平板光学波导23b内全反射传输的第二单色光进行衍射，使其在第二单色平板光学波导23b内全反射传输至第二单色输出耦合光栅2332；第三中继光栅2323将第三单色输入耦合光栅2313耦合入第三单色平板光学波导23c、并在第三单色平板光学波导23c内全反射传输的第三单色光进行衍射，使其在第三单色平板光学波导23c内全反射传输至第三单色输出耦合光栅2333。
上述中的第一单色、第二单色和第三单色分别为红、绿、蓝中的一种且各不相同。
以第一单色、第二单色和第三单色分别为R(红色)、G(绿色)和B(蓝色)为例，光束先射入红色平板光学波导23a，经由红色输入耦合光栅2311衍射该光束中的R光束，使得R光束满足红色平板光学波导23a的内部全反射条件；G光束和B光束从红色输入耦合光栅2311射出并射入绿色平板光学波导23b，经由绿色输入耦合光栅2312衍射该光束中的G光束，使得G光束满足绿色平板光学波导23b的内部全反射条件；B光束从绿色输入耦合光栅2312射出并射入蓝色平板光学波导23c，经由蓝色输入耦合光栅2312反射该光束中的B光束后并将B光束射入绿色平板光学波导23b，使得B光束满足蓝色平板光学波导23c的内部全反射条件。
蓝色输出耦合光栅2333衍射由蓝色输入耦合光栅2312衍射并在蓝色平板光学波导23c内全反射的B光束，使得所述B光束不满足蓝色平板光学波导23c的 内部全反射条件而从蓝色平板光学波导23c射出，并依次透过绿色平板光学波导23b及绿色输出耦合光栅2332和红色平板光学波导23a及红色输出耦合光栅2331而射出；绿色输出耦合光栅2332衍射由绿色输入耦合光栅2312衍射并在绿色平板光学波导23b内全反射的G光束，使得所述G光束不满足绿色平板光学波导23b的内部全反射条件而从绿色平板光学波导23b射出，并依次透过红色平板光学波导23a及红色输出耦合光栅2331而射出；红色输出耦合光栅2331衍射由红色输入耦合光栅2311衍射并在红色平板光学波导23a内全反射的R光束，使得所述R光束不满足红色平板光学波导23a的内部全反射条件而从红色平板光学波导23a射出。
下面以图像源包括的微显示器为光纤扫描显示器、输入耦合器为输入耦合反射部、中继部件为中继反射部、输出耦合部为输出耦合反射部为例，对单眼大视场近眼显示模组做进一步说明。但应注意的是，图像源、输入耦合器、中继部件、输出耦合部均不限于如上实例，以上实例仅用于对上述部件进行进一步解释说明，上述任意一部件的实例均可换为其他可选的替换部件。
具体的，参考图3A、图3B所示，一种单眼大视场近眼显示模组，包括
至少两个光纤扫描显示器31，每个光纤扫描显示器31均用于发射形成图像的光束，各光纤扫描显示器31所发射的图像为构成一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像的不同部分，每个光纤扫描显示器31发射的光束所形成的图像具有相应的子视场角；
与光纤扫描显示器31一一对应设置的目镜光学器件32，其被配置为将相应的光纤扫描显示器31发射的全部光束进行准直并射入平板光学波导33，
平板光学波导33具有与目镜光学器件32一一对应设置的输入耦合反射部331、中继反射部332和输出耦合反射部333，每个图像源31和平板光学波导33及平板光学波导33上与该图像源相对应的输入耦合反射部331、中继反射部332和输出耦合反射部333构成一个显示子系统，
输入耦合反射部331被配置为将相应目镜光学器件32出射的、用于形成具有相应子视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导33，通过反射每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导33内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的中继反射部332，中继反射部332通过反射每一光束，将每一光束引导到相应的输出耦合反射部333，输出耦合反射部333将每一光束 向外反射，使得每一光束不满足平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，所述输出耦合反射部333向外反射的全部光束离开平板光学波导33并形成图像，该图像与相应光纤扫描显示器31发射的图像相对应并具有相应的子视场角；
各显示子系统具有部分重合或全部重合的出射光瞳，各输出耦合反射部333向外反射的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接，构成一个具有相应大视角的完整图像，该完整图像的大视场角是由各输出耦合反射部333向外反射的图像相对应的子视场角合并得到，该完整图像与所述各光纤扫描显示器31所发射的子图像所构成的一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像相对应。
从而每个光纤扫描显示器31分别用于某个视场角范围内的图像显示，并通过图像拼接，增大设备的单眼视场角。
所述的中继反射部332被配置为将引导至中继反射部332的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的一种扩束，所述的输出耦合反射部333被配置为将引导至输出耦合反射部333的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的另一种扩束。此时，中继反射部332和输出耦合反射部333均可以为设置于平板光学波导33内的多个沿光路依次平行设置的可反可透膜层。
所述的水平扩束或垂直扩束是指入射至中继反射部332或输出耦合反射部333的每一光束沿着光路依次经过该反射部的各可反可透膜层，在经过每一个可反可透膜层时，该光束的一部分光线会在该可反可透膜层上发生反射，另一部分光线会透射过可反可透膜层到下一可反可透膜层，以此类推，从而形成该光束的多个平行子光束，达到扩展光束的出瞳直径的效果。对于进行水平扩束的光栅而言，该反射部的多个相互平行的可反可透膜层沿水平方向依次设置，对于进行垂直扩束的反射而言，该反射部的多个相互平行的可反可透膜层沿垂直方向依次设置。通过设置每个可反可透膜层的反射效率，可保证光亮度的均匀性。例如，以反射部包括5个可反可透膜层为例，按照光束的传输方向，可以将第1个可反可透膜层的反射率设置为20％，将第2个可反可透膜层的反射率设置为25％，将第3个可反可透膜层的反射率设置为33％，将第4个可反可透膜层的反射率设置为50％，将第5个可反可透膜层的反射率设置为100％，这样，每个可反可透膜层出射的光亮度为总光亮度的20％。
所述输入耦合反射部331可以采用平面反射镜或全反射膜层等可以实现平面反射的构件。
进一步的，各光纤扫描显示器31发射的子图像在其构成的所述完整图像中所处的方位与该光纤扫描显示器31所对应的输出耦合反射部333在平板光学波导33中所处的方位相一致。从而使得各输出耦合反射部333向外反射的光束形成的图像均处于拼接构成完整图像所需的位置。
进一步可选的，中继反射部332通过反射被引导至中继反射部332的每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导33内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的输出耦合反射部333。
平板光学波导33的输出耦合反射部333被配置于用户单眼的前方，以形成对用户单眼可见的图像。平板光学波导33是基本透明的，以使得用户不仅可以观看来自光纤扫描显示器31的图像，还可以透过平板光学波导33观看来自现实世界的图像。从而使得本发明可用于增强现实显示设备，将所述拼接形成的图像叠加于现实世界中，达到提高增强显示设备视场角的技术效果。
以用户眼睛相对于平板光学波导33所处的位置为后，所述的平板光学波导33包括前后两个相互平行的表面。平板光学波导33的输入耦合反射部331、中继反射部332和输出耦合反射部333均可布设于平板光学波导33的内部。光纤扫描显示器31及对应的目镜光学器件32既可以布设于平板光学波导33的前侧，也可以布设于平板光学波导33的后侧，如图3C所示。
所述的目镜光学器件32一般包括准直透镜，其用于放大成像并将光纤扫描显示器31发射的全部光束进行准直，并将准直后的全部光束射入平板光学波导33，进一步的，准直后的全部光束射向平板光学波导33的输入耦合反射部331。输入耦合反射部331的面积大于目镜光学器件32射出的光束的直径，从而保证目镜光学器件32出射的、用于形成具有相应视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导33。
所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组还包括图像处理器，其用于将待显示的、具有相应大视场角的完整图像分割成与光纤扫描显示器31的数量和各自成像位置相对应的多个子图像，每个子图像具有相应的子视场角，图像处理器将每个子图像传输给相应的光纤扫描器，每个光纤扫描显示器31将其相对应的具有相应视场角的子图像进行显示。从而，平板光学波导33将光纤扫描显示器31发射的光束从对应的输出耦合反射部333处射出，各输出耦合反射部333射出的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接构成具有相应视场角的完整的图像并射入观察者单眼。 观察者单眼接收到的为所有具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接构成的所述具有相应大视场角的完整图像。
所述的光纤扫描显示器31的成像位置是指其所对应的输出耦合反射部333在平板光学波导33中所处的方位。如前所述，各光纤扫描显示器31所对应的输出耦合反射部333在平板光学波导33中所处的方位与该光纤扫描显示器31发射的子图像在其构成的所述完整图像中所处的方位相一致，进一步地，也与由观察者单眼观察到的该输出耦合反射部333射出的具有相应子视场角的图像在其构成的完整图像中所处的方位相一致。
应该注意的是上述实施例对本发明进行说明而不是对本发明进行限制，并且本领域技术人员在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下可设计出替换实施例。在权利要求中，不应将位于括号之间的任何参考符号构造成对权利要求的限制。单词“包含”或“包括”不排除存在未列在权利要求中的元件或步骤。位于元件之前的单词“一”或“一个”不排除存在多个这样的元件。在列举了若干装置的单元权利要求中，这些装置中的若干个可以是通过同一个硬件项来具体体现。单词第一、第二、以及第三等的使用不表示任何顺序，可将这些单词解释为名称。
本发明实施例中的一个或者多个技术方案，至少具有如下技术效果或者优点：
每个图像源分别用于某个视场角范围内的图像显示，并通过图像拼接，增大设备的单眼视场角。由于本发明是在图像源处进行图像拆分，又采用输入耦合光栅和输出耦合光栅与图像源一一对应配置的结构，因而图像源的数量不受限制，能获得目标范围内的所有视场角。同时本发明也不存在一个输出耦合光栅需要会聚两个入射光束源的问题，输出的图像亮度均匀一致，不需要额外的调节部件或图像源调制。
本说明书中公开的所有特征，或公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤，除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外，均可以以任何方式组合。
本说明书(包括任何附加权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的任一特征，除非特别叙述，均可被其他等效或具有类似目的的替代特征加以替换。即，除非特别叙述，每个特征只是一系列等效或类似特征中的一个例子而已。
本发明并不局限于前述的具体实施方式。本发明扩展到任何在本说明书中披露的新特征或任何新的组合，以及披露的任一新的方法或过程的步骤或任何新的 组合。

Claims (19)

  1. 单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其特征在于，包括
    至少两个图像源，每个图像源均用于发射形成图像的光束，各图像源所发射的图像为构成一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像的不同部分，每个图像源发射的光束所形成的图像具有相应的子视场角；
    与图像源一一对应设置的目镜光学器件，其被配置为将相应的图像源发射的全部光束进行准直并射入平板光学波导，
    平板光学波导具有与目镜光学器件一一对应设置的输入耦合器、中继部件和输出耦合器，每个图像源和平板光学波导及平板光学波导上与该图像源相对应的输入耦合器、中继部件和输出耦合器构成一个显示子系统，
    输入耦合器被配置为将相应目镜光学器件出射的、用于形成具有相应子视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导，通过衍射或反射每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的中继部件，中继部件通过衍射或反射每一光束，将每一光束引导到相应的输出耦合器，输出耦合器将每一光束向外衍射或反射，使得每一光束不满足平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，所述输出耦合器向外衍射或反射的全部光束离开平板光学波导并形成图像，该图像与相应图像源发射的图像相对应并具有相应的子视场角；
    各显示子系统具有部分重合或全部重合的出射光瞳，各输出耦合器向外衍射或反射的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接，构成一个具有相应大视角的完整图像，该完整图像的大视场角是由各输出耦合器向外衍射或反射的图像相对应的子视场角合并得到，该完整图像与所述各图像源所发射的子图像所构成的一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像相对应。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其特征在于，所述的中继部件被配置为将引导至中继部件的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的一种扩束，所述的输出耦合器被配置为将引导至输出耦合器的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的另一种扩束。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其特征在于，各图像源发射的图像在其构成的所述完整图像中所处的方位与该图像源所对应的输 出耦合器在平板光学波导中所处的方位相一致。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其特征在于，中继部件通过衍射或反射被引导至中继部件的每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的输出耦合器。
  5. 如权利要求1或2所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其特征在于，所述的图像源包括微显示器，微显示器为DLP显示器、LCOS显示器、LCD显示器、OLED显示器、光纤扫描显示器和MEMS扫描图像显示系统中的任意一种。
  6. 如权利要求1或2所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其特征在于，还包括图像处理器，其用于将待显示的、具有相应大视场角的完整图像分割成与图像源的数量和各自成像位置相对应的多个子图像，每个子图像具有相应的子视场角，图像处理器将每个子图像传输给相应的图像源，每个图像源将其相对应的具有相应视场角的子图像进行显示。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其特征在于，所述的图像源的成像位置是指其所对应的输出耦合器在平板光学波导中所处的方位。
  8. 如权利要求1或2所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其特征在于，所述的输入耦合器为输入耦合光栅，所述的中继部件为中继光栅、所述的输出耦合部为输出耦合光栅。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其特征在于，包括
    至少两个光纤扫描显示器，每个光纤扫描显示器均用于发射形成图像的光束，各光纤扫描显示器所发射的图像为构成一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像的不同部分，每个光纤扫描显示器发射的光束所形成的图像具有相应的子视场角；
    与光纤扫描显示器一一对应设置的目镜光学器件，其被配置为将相应的光纤扫描显示器发射的全部光束进行准直并射入平板光学波导，
    平板光学波导具有与目镜光学器件一一对应设置的输入耦合光栅、中继光栅和输出耦合光栅，每个光纤扫描显示器和平板光学波导及平板光学波导上与该图像源相对应的输入耦合光栅、中继光栅和输出耦合光栅构成一个显示子系统，
    输入耦合光栅被配置为将相应目镜光学器件出射的、用于形成具有相应子视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导，通过衍射每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至 相应的中继光栅，中继光栅通过衍射每一光束，将每一光束引导到相应的输出耦合光栅，输出耦合光栅将每一光束向外衍射，使得每一光束不满足平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，所述输出耦合光栅向外衍射的全部光束离开平板光学波导并形成图像，该图像与相应光纤扫描显示器发射的图像相对应并具有相应的子视场角；
    各显示子系统具有部分重合或全部重合的出射光瞳，各输出耦合光栅向外衍射的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接，构成一个具有相应大视角的完整图像，该完整图像的大视场角是由各输出耦合光栅向外衍射的图像相对应的子视场角合并得到，该完整图像与所述各光纤扫描显示器所发射的子图像所构成的一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像相对应。
  10. 如权利要求1或2所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其特征在于，所述的输入耦合器为输入耦合反射部，所述的中继部件为中继反射部，所述的输出耦合部为输出耦合反射部。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其特征在于，包括
    至少两个光纤扫描显示器，每个光纤扫描显示器均用于发射形成图像的光束，各光纤扫描显示器所发射的图像为构成一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像的不同部分，每个光纤扫描显示器发射的光束所形成的图像具有相应的子视场角；
    与光纤扫描显示器一一对应设置的目镜光学器件，其被配置为将相应的光纤扫描显示器发射的全部光束进行准直并射入平板光学波导，
    平板光学波导具有与目镜光学器件一一对应设置的输入耦合反射部、中继反射部和输出耦合反射部，每个图像源和平板光学波导及平板光学波导上与该图像源相对应的输入耦合反射部、中继反射部和输出耦合反射部构成一个显示子系统，
    输入耦合反射部被配置为将相应目镜光学器件出射的、用于形成具有相应子视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导，通过反射每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的中继反射部，中继反射部通过反射每一光束，将每一光束引导到相应的输出耦合反射部，输出耦合反射部将每一光束向外反射，使得每一光束不满足平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，所述输出耦合反射部向外反射的全部光束离开平板光学波导并形成图像，该图像与相应光纤扫描显示器发射的图像相对应并具有 相应的子视场角；
    各显示子系统具有部分重合或全部重合的出射光瞳，各输出耦合反射部向外反射的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接，构成一个具有相应大视角的完整图像，该完整图像的大视场角是由各输出耦合反射部向外反射的图像相对应的子视场角合并得到，该完整图像与所述各光纤扫描显示器所发射的子图像所构成的一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像相对应。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其特征在于，所述的中继反射部和输出耦合反射部均为设置于平板光学波导内的多个沿光路依次平行设置的可反可透膜层，所述的输入耦合反射部为平面反射镜或全反射膜层。
  13. 一种单眼大视场近眼显示方法，包括：
    S1、至少两个图像源均发射形成具有相应子市场角的图像的光束，所有图像源发射的光束所形成的图像可构成一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像；
    S2、每个图像源发射的光束经对应设置的目镜光学器件准直后全部射入平板光学波导的相应输入耦合器；各输入耦合器将相应目镜光学器件出射的、用于形成具有相应子视场角的图像的全部光束耦合入平板光学波导，通过衍射或反射每一光束使得所述光束在平板光学波导内满足所述平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，并将每一光束引导至相应的中继部件，中继部件通过衍射或反射每一光束，将每一光束引导到相应的输出耦合器，输出耦合器将每一光束向外衍射或反射，使得每一光束不满足平板光学波导的内部全反射条件，所述输出耦合器向外衍射或反射的全部光束离开平板光学波导并形成图像，该图像与相应图像源发射的图像相对应并具有相应的子视场角，每个图像源和平板光学波导及平板光学波导上与该图像源相对应的输入耦合器、中继部件和输出耦合器构成一个显示子系统，各显示子系统具有部分重合或全部重合的出射光瞳，各输出耦合器向外衍射或反射的具有相应子视场角的图像相互拼接，构成一个具有相应大视角的完整图像，该完整图像的大视场角是由各输出耦合器向外衍射或反射的图像相对应的子视场角合并得到，该完整图像与所述各图像源所发射的子图像所构成的一个具有相应大视场角的完整图像相对应。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的单眼大视场近眼显示方法，其特征在于，所述的中继部件将引导至中继部件的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中的一种扩束，所述的输出耦合器将引导至输出耦合器的每一光束进行水平扩束和垂直扩束中 的另一种扩束。
  15. 一种头戴式显示设备，包括如权利要求1-12中任意一项所述的单眼大视场近眼显示模组和用于佩戴于用户头部的头戴部件，单眼大视场近眼显示模组安装在所述头戴部件上并被定位成其输出耦合器将光束引导到佩戴者的眼睛上。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的一种头戴式显示设备，其特征在于，具有一个单眼大视场近眼显示模组，单眼大视场近眼显示模组被定位成其输出耦合器将光束引导到佩戴者的左眼或右眼上。
  17. 如权利要求15所述的一种头戴式显示设备，其特征在于，具有两个单眼大视场近眼显示模组，其中一个单眼大视场近眼显示模组被定位成其输出耦合器将光束引导到佩戴者的左眼上，另外一个单眼大视场近眼显示模组被定位成其输出耦合器将光束引导到佩戴者的右眼上。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的一种头戴式显示设备，其特征在于，所述的两个单眼大视场近眼显示模组共用一个平板光学波导，然后在该平板光学波导的所需部位分别设置用于两个单眼大视场近眼显示模组的输入耦合器、中继部件、输出耦合器。
  19. 如权利要求15-18中任意一项所述的一种头戴式显示设备，其特征在于，所述的头戴部件包括框架、头盔或头带。
PCT/CN2019/074427 2018-02-13 2019-02-01 单眼大视场近眼显示模组、显示方法及头戴式显示设备 WO2019157986A1 (zh)

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