WO2019144561A1 - 可发光的太阳能电池及其制造方法、建筑幕墙 - Google Patents

可发光的太阳能电池及其制造方法、建筑幕墙 Download PDF

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WO2019144561A1
WO2019144561A1 PCT/CN2018/091963 CN2018091963W WO2019144561A1 WO 2019144561 A1 WO2019144561 A1 WO 2019144561A1 CN 2018091963 W CN2018091963 W CN 2018091963W WO 2019144561 A1 WO2019144561 A1 WO 2019144561A1
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electrode
solar cell
transparent
filling
light
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PCT/CN2018/091963
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王磊
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北京铂阳顶荣光伏科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2019144561A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019144561A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/0445—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
    • H01L31/046—PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate
    • H01L31/0463—PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate characterised by special patterning methods to connect the PV cells in a module, e.g. laser cutting of the conductive or active layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0216—Coatings
    • H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
    • H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
    • H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
    • H01L31/03923—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate including AIBIIICVI compound materials, e.g. CIS, CIGS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/60—OLEDs integrated with inorganic light-sensitive elements, e.g. with inorganic solar cells or inorganic photodiodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of solar cell technologies, and in particular, to a light-emitting solar cell, a method of manufacturing the same, and a building curtain wall.
  • Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar photovoltaic cell modules are one of the most promising building materials available today.
  • the active material layer of the CIGS battery assembly is very thin, only a few microns thick, and less than the thickness of the hair strand. Based on this feature, CIGS battery components are often light and thin, making them ideal for use as building materials.
  • CIGS crystal materials absorb almost all of the visible light and therefore appear pure black.
  • the high efficiency of CIGS battery components is also due to this excellent performance.
  • the pure black CIGS battery pack absorbs a large amount of sunlight, including visible light and near-infrared (NIR) light, during daytime sunshine, thereby converting light energy into electrical energy, providing energy for the use of electricity within the building.
  • NIR near-infrared
  • the building's façade covered with black CIGS battery packs will be covered in a dark atmosphere due to the dim color, which will cause the pedestrians to feel depressed.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide a luminescent solar cell, a method of manufacturing the same, and a building curtain wall to solve the above problems in the prior art and realize the self-illuminating function of the solar cell.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a light-emitting solar cell, including: a substrate, a plurality of battery cells disposed on the substrate, and an ineffective area disposed between two adjacent battery cells. An illuminant insulated from the battery unit is disposed in the ineffective area.
  • each of the plurality of battery units includes:
  • a light absorbing layer disposed on the first electrode
  • a buffer layer disposed on the light absorbing layer
  • a transparent second electrode disposed on the buffer layer, wherein the transparent second electrode of the battery unit is electrically connected to the first electrode of the adjacent battery unit;
  • the illuminant is disposed at least in the first region and the second region in the ineffective region, the first region is a first filling groove corresponding to the light absorbing layer, and the second region is corresponding to the transparent a second filling groove of the second electrode.
  • the illuminant comprises:
  • An electroluminescent material accommodated in the first filling tank, and electrically connected to the first electrode;
  • the electroluminescent material and the metal electrode cooperate with the first electrode of the target battery unit to form a light-emitting circuit, and the target battery unit is a battery unit to which the light-absorbing layer corresponding to the first region belongs.
  • the lighting circuit further includes: a buffer layer between the electroluminescent material and the metal electrode.
  • the work function of the metal electrode matches the work function of the electroluminescent material.
  • the electroluminescent material is an electroluminescent material prepared by polymerizable luminescent materials.
  • the metal electrode is a silver electrode
  • the electroluminescent material is an electroluminescent material prepared by using a cyanine dye.
  • the first electrode is a molybdenum layer
  • the transparent second electrode is a transparent conductive oxide layer
  • the light absorbing layer is a copper indium gallium selenide layer
  • the buffer layer is cadmium sulfide.
  • the invalid area further includes: a third area, where the third area is a third filling slot corresponding to the buffer layer;
  • the illuminator includes a photo luminescent material or a thermoluminescent material, and is accommodated in the first filling groove, the second filling groove, and the third filling groove.
  • the buffer layer is provided with a through-groove extending to one side of the first electrode toward the light absorbing layer, and the transparent second electrode passes through
  • the through slot is electrically connected to the first electrode of the adjacent battery unit; the projection of the through slot on the substrate is located on the substrate and the spacing between the adjacent two first electrodes is projected on the substrate
  • the first filled trench is between the projections on the substrate.
  • the first electrode, the light absorbing layer, the buffer layer and the transparent second electrode in each of the battery cells cooperate to form a photovoltaic power generation circuit; the light-emitting circuit and the photovoltaic power generation circuit Both are provided with switches.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of fabricating a luminescent solar cell, the method of manufacturing comprising:
  • An illuminant insulated from the battery cell is formed in the ineffective area.
  • the illuminant comprises an electroluminescent material and a metal electrode
  • the method for manufacturing the illuminable solar cell includes:
  • a metal electrode insulated from the transparent second electrode is formed in the second filling trench.
  • the forming the electroluminescent material in the first filling trench comprises:
  • reaction liquid Coating a reaction liquid on the first filling tank and the light absorbing layer, the reaction liquid comprising: a polymerizable luminescent material;
  • reaction liquid in the first filling tank is subjected to a curing reaction under illumination to form the electroluminescent material
  • the first mask includes: a light transmitting portion corresponding to the first filling groove, and a remaining light blocking portion.
  • the forming a transparent second electrode connected to the first electrode of the adjacent battery unit on the buffer layer includes:
  • the transparent second electrode has a second filling groove corresponding to the first filling groove
  • the second mask includes: a shielding portion corresponding to the second filling groove.
  • the forming a metal electrode insulated from the transparent second electrode in the second filling trench comprises:
  • the third mask includes: a hollow corresponding to the second filling groove, and a gap between the projection of the hollow in the second filling groove and a sidewall of the second filling groove.
  • the first mask is the same as the third mask.
  • the buffer layer is formed by chemical water bath deposition
  • the metal electrode is formed by vacuum heating.
  • the material of the metal electrode is silver
  • the electroluminescent material is prepared by using a cyanine dye.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a building curtain wall, wherein the building curtain wall is provided with any of the above-mentioned illuminable solar cells.
  • an illuminant is disposed therein, and the illuminant is insulated from the battery unit, and does not affect the normal power generation operation of the battery unit.
  • the illuminator can be illuminated to eliminate the feeling of depression of pedestrians. It can be seen that the embodiment of the present disclosure realizes the illuminating function by effectively utilizing the ineffective area of the solar cell, thereby improving the user experience.
  • the above solar cell can be used as a building curtain wall, which can be powered by solar cells during the day, and can be switched to a light state at night to eliminate the feeling of depression caused by the darkness.
  • 1-1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell without an illuminator provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 1-2 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-emitting solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of manufacturing a light-emitting solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the formation of a light absorbing layer on the first electrode
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the first filling groove after scribing on the light absorbing layer
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a mixture of an organic semiconductor luminescent dye and a photoinitiator sprayed in a first filling bath;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing laser irradiation of a mixture of an organic semiconductor luminescent dye and a photoinitiator in a first filling tank under the action of a first mask;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the formation of a polymerized electroluminescent material in a first filling tank after laser irradiation
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of a buffer layer deposited on a light absorbing layer
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the groove on the buffer layer and the light absorbing layer
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a transparent conductive layer deposited on a buffer layer under the action of a second mask
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the deposition of a metal electrode in a second filling bath under the action of a third mask.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a light-emitting solar cell.
  • the solar cell includes a substrate 100, a plurality of battery cells 1 disposed on the substrate, and two adjacent battery cells. Invalid area 2 between 1. Further, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, an illuminant insulated from the battery unit 1 is disposed in the ineffective area 2.
  • the illuminant is not provided in the ineffective area 2 in FIG. 1-1, and the illuminant is shown in FIG.
  • the illuminable solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may be a thin film solar cell, such as a copper indium gallium selenide (CuIn x Ga (1-x) Se 2 , CIGS) thin film battery, and the CIGS is mainly composed of Cu copper.
  • CuIn x Ga (1-x) Se 2 copper indium gallium selenide
  • CIGS copper indium gallium selenide
  • In, GaGa, Se Se has the advantages of strong light absorption, good power generation stability, high conversion efficiency, long power generation time during the day, high power generation, low production cost and short energy recovery period.
  • a large component thin film solar cell such as a copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film battery
  • CGS copper indium gallium selenide
  • the battery unit 1 forms a higher output voltage by connecting each small battery unit 1 in series.
  • an ineffective area of the battery i.e., the ineffective area 2 is generated, and power generation cannot be performed in the ineffective area, and there is no other contribution other than the function of connecting the respective unit cells.
  • an illuminant is disposed therein, which is insulated from the battery unit 1 and does not affect the normal power generation operation of the battery unit.
  • the illuminator can be illuminated to eliminate the feeling of depression of pedestrians.
  • the above solar cell can be used as a building curtain wall, which can be powered by solar cells during the day, and can be switched to a light state at night to eliminate the feeling of depression caused by the darkness.
  • the illuminant may be illuminated by electroluminescence.
  • the illuminant can be photoluminescent.
  • the illuminant can be illuminated by thermoluminescence.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an illuminable solar cell, which includes a substrate 100, a plurality of battery cells 1 disposed on the substrate, and two battery cells disposed adjacent to each other.
  • the plurality of battery cells 1 and the ineffective region 2 are formed by a plurality of first electrodes 200, a light absorbing layer 300, a buffer layer 400, and a transparent second electrode 500 disposed on the substrate 100.
  • FIG. 1-2 illustrates a structure of a luminescent solar cell by taking two battery cells in series as an example. As shown in FIG.
  • each battery cell includes: a first electrode 200 disposed on the substrate 100, The light absorbing layer 300 disposed on the first electrode 200, the buffer layer 400 disposed on the light absorbing layer 300, and the transparent second electrode 500 disposed on the buffer layer 400.
  • the first electrode 200, the light absorbing layer 300, the buffer layer 400, and the transparent second electrode 500 are included to form a photovoltaic power generation circuit 20.
  • the transparent second electrode 500 of the first battery cell is electrically connected to the first electrode 200 of the adjacent battery cell.
  • the inactive area includes a first area and a second area, wherein the first area is the first filling groove 310 corresponding to the light absorbing layer 300, and the second area is the second filling groove 510 corresponding to the transparent second electrode 500.
  • the illuminator is disposed at least in the first region and the second region within the ineffective region.
  • the illuminant When the illuminant is in the form of electroluminescence, the illuminant may include: an electroluminescent material 600, received in the first filling groove 310, and electrically connected to the first electrode 200; and a metal electrode 700 is received in the second filling groove 510 and insulated from the adjacent transparent second electrode 500.
  • the electroluminescent material 600 and the metal electrode 700 cooperate with the first electrode of the target battery unit to form the light-emitting circuit 10
  • the target battery unit is a battery unit to which the light absorbing layer corresponding to the first region belongs, and can also be understood
  • the target battery unit is a battery unit to which the transparent second electrode corresponding to the second area belongs.
  • the illuminable solar cell when a solar cell is used as a building material, when the environment is dark, in order to relieve the feeling of depression of the solar cell to the pedestrian, and to give the building lighting function, it is usually necessary to invest a large amount of cost to arrange the lighting on the building, and The use of illuminators in turn generates high electricity costs, and a large number of illuminators are difficult to manage and maintain. Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, the illuminable solar cell provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure realizes establishing a light-emitting circuit 10 in the battery by providing the electroluminescent material 600 and the metal electrode 700 in the ineffective area, in the dark night. The illumination circuit 10 can be switched to the illumination function of the solar cell itself.
  • the first electrode 200 can serve as a positive electrode of the light-emitting circuit 10, and the metal electrode 700 can serve as a negative electrode of the light-emitting circuit 10.
  • the electroluminescent material 600 can be made to emit light, thereby not only realizing the solar cell itself. Lighting function. Further, when light is emitted by means of solar cells, power consumption can be significantly reduced.
  • the lighting loop 10 may further include a buffer layer 400 between the electroluminescent material 600 and the metal electrode 700.
  • the buffer layer 400 can also function as a buffer transition in the light-emitting circuit 10, with which the electroluminescence efficiency is improved.
  • the thickness of the buffer layer 400 is generally 10-30 nm, which not only functions as a buffer in the electroluminescent cell structure, but also facilitates the process of preparing a light-emitting solar cell.
  • the light absorbing layer 300 absorbs light energy, performs photoelectric conversion, and extracts the generated current through the first electrode 200 and the transparent second electrode 500; meanwhile, through the buffer layer 400. Transition and buffering to achieve lattice and band matching problems.
  • the buffer layer 400 of the first battery cell is provided with a through slot 410 extending to a side of the first electrode 200 facing the light absorbing layer 300, and the transparent second electrode 500 passes through the through slot 410 and the phase
  • the first electrode 200 of the adjacent battery unit is electrically connected; the projection of the through groove 410 on the substrate 100 is located on the substrate 100 at a distance between the adjacent two first electrodes 200 and the first filling groove 410 is Between the projections on the substrate, the transparent second electrode 500 of the first battery cell can thus be brought into direct contact with the first electrode 200 of the second battery cell, ensuring an ordered series connection of the individual battery cells.
  • the first electrode 200 may be a molybdenum layer
  • the transparent second electrode 500 may be a transparent conductive oxide layer (ie, a TCO layer), for example, ZnO: Al, and the transparent conductive oxide layer may be physically sputtered.
  • the manner is deposited onto the buffer layer 400.
  • the light absorbing layer 300 may be a copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) layer
  • the buffer layer 400 may be a cadmium sulfide (CdS) layer.
  • the substrate 100 may be a glass substrate, a plastic substrate, a ceramic substrate, a graphite substrate, or the like.
  • the metal electrode 700 may be a silver electrode, ITO, FTO, etc., which have good transparency and good electrical conductivity.
  • Electroluminescent material 600 is an electroluminescent material prepared by polymerizable luminescent materials.
  • the work function of the metal electrode 700 may be selected to match the work function of the electroluminescent material 600.
  • the electroluminescent material 600 is prepared using a cyanine dye
  • the work function of the silver metal matches the work function of the cyanine dye used, and a higher luminous efficiency can be obtained, so the metal electrode 700 is selected to be electrically conductive.
  • a silver electrode having a good thickness may have a thickness of 10-20 nm.
  • the silver electrode is a translucent electrode so that it can transmit light outward.
  • the electroluminescent material 600 in order to impart hydrophobicity to the electroluminescent material, can be prepared using a polymerizable luminescent material.
  • a polymerizable luminescent material such as an organic electroluminescent material prepared by a cyanine dye. That is, it can be a polymer of a cyanine dye and a crosslinked body, and the cyanine dye has a strong fluorescent effect, and a plurality of colors can be selected at the same time.
  • cyanine dye employed may be of the type shown in the four chemical structural formulas:
  • each of the above cyanine dyes is capable of undergoing polymerization, and the crosslinked body has a strong curing action, and the crosslinked body can be polymerized with the cyanine dye to form an electroluminescent material having a certain structure.
  • the above polymerization reaction can be excited in the form of light in the presence of a photoinitiator.
  • Cy3-PF6, bCy3-PF6 and STCy3-PF6 can emit (orange) yellow light
  • Cy1-PF6 can emit yellow (green) light.
  • the photoinitiator, the cyanine dye, and a certain concentration of the crosslinked body may be mixed in water with water as a solvent, and after mixing, the mixture of the three may be sprayed in the first filling tank 310.
  • the photoinitiator Under the irradiation of laser 900, the photoinitiator can be decomposed by light, thereby inducing polymer polymerization between the cyanine dye and the crosslinked body to form a completely water-insoluble polymer, and an electroluminescent semiconductor with a cyanine dye. Performance is not compromised because its polymerization point is in the side chain rather than on the backbone structure with conjugated double bonds.
  • the crosslinked body may be triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and the photoinitiator may be diphenyl ketone.
  • the mass percentages of cyanine dyes, crosslinked bodies, and photoinitiators are 80-95%, 4-10%, and 1%-5%, respectively.
  • the laser light 900 used may be ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 245 nm.
  • the metal electrode 700 needs to be insulated from the transparent second electrode 500 to ensure that the light-emitting circuit 10 and the photovoltaic power generation circuit 20 are independent of each other.
  • an example is as follows:
  • a gap of a set width may be formed between the metal electrode 700 and the transparent second electrode 500 so that the two are not in contact, which is convenient for preparation and simplifies the preparation process.
  • the width of the gap may be micro-nano.
  • an insulating layer may be formed between the metal electrode 700 and the transparent second electrode 500, that is, the metal electrode 700, the insulating layer, and the transparent second electrode 500 are sequentially contacted, which can improve structural stability.
  • the ineffective area includes the first area and the second area, wherein the first area is the first filling groove 310 corresponding to the light absorbing layer 300, and the second area is the second filling groove 510 corresponding to the transparent second electrode 500.
  • the inactive area may further include a third area, which is a third filling groove corresponding to the buffer layer 400, and the first filling groove 310, the third filling groove, and the second filling groove 510 are connected to each other. And the projections on the substrate coincide.
  • the illuminant When the illuminant is illuminated by photoluminescence or thermoluminescence, the illuminant may comprise: a photoluminescent material or a thermoluminescent material, and the photoluminescent material or the thermoluminescent material is accommodated in the first filling mentioned above.
  • the photoluminescence described above can also achieve light emission at night when the light energy is absorbed and the thermoluminescent material absorbs thermal energy.
  • the photoluminescent material may be a luminous powder, a fluorescent material having an aromatic fused ring attached to the polymer skeleton, such as a derivative of cerium, or a conjugated structure in which two benzene rings are connected by a carbon-carbon double bond. a derivative, or a coumarin derivative having an amino substituent introduced to the parent.
  • a light-transmissive cover may also be provided at the notch of the second filling groove 510 to protect the luminescent material inside thereof from leaking.
  • a switch is provided on both the lighting circuit 10 and the photovoltaic power generation circuit 20.
  • the electrodes in the lighting circuit 10 and the photovoltaic power generation circuit 20 can be respectively led out of the wires, and the switches can be arranged on the wires to perform the closing and opening control.
  • the switch it is possible to control the illumination in the lighting circuit 10 and the photovoltaic power generation circuit 20, such as controlling the lighting circuit 10 to work at night.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a light-emitting solar cell including a substrate 100, a first electrode 200, a light absorbing layer 300, a buffer layer 400, and a transparent second electrode 500.
  • the substrate 100 may be a glass substrate.
  • the light absorbing layer 300 is provided with a first filling groove 310.
  • the first filling groove 310 is provided with a polymerized organic electroluminescent material 600.
  • the transparent second electrode 500 is disposed at intervals in the buffer.
  • the transparent second electrode 500 is connected to the first electrode 200, and the metal electrode 700 is disposed between the adjacent two transparent second electrodes 500.
  • the metal electrode 700 and the adjacent transparent second electrode 500 are insulated from each other.
  • the metal electrode 700 can be a silver electrode with good conductivity, and the silver electrode is a translucent electrode, so that the light can be transmitted outward.
  • the illuminable solar cell provided in this embodiment may be a copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film battery.
  • CIGS copper indium gallium selenide
  • a large component of a copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin film battery is usually Dozens of small unit cells on the substrate 100 are formed by scribing, and the respective small unit cells are connected in series to form a higher output voltage.
  • the buffer layer 400 and the transparent second electrode 500 on the first electrode 200 are cut off to generate an ineffective area of the battery, and in the invalid area, only the material of the first electrode 200 is retained, and power generation cannot be performed. There is no other contribution than the function of connecting the small unit batteries.
  • the illuminable solar cell realizes establishing a light-emitting loop 10 in the battery by disposing the polymerized organic electroluminescent material 600 and the metal electrode 700 in the ineffective area.
  • the illumination function of the solar cell itself can be switched to the above-mentioned light-emitting circuit 10.
  • the first electrode 200 can serve as the anode of the light-emitting circuit 10
  • the metal electrode 700 can serve as the cathode of the light-emitting circuit 10, thereby enabling polymerization.
  • the organic electroluminescent material 600 emits light, realizing the illumination function of the solar cell itself.
  • the buffer layer 400 is provided with a through groove 410 extending to one side of the first electrode 200 toward the light absorbing layer 300.
  • the transparent second electrode 500 is connected to the first electrode 200 through the through groove 410, and the through groove 410 is on the substrate 100. Projecting a projection between the adjacent two first electrodes 200 on the substrate 100 and a projection of the first filling trench 310 on the substrate 100, whereby the transparent second electrode 500 and the first electrode 200 can be made Direct contact ensures an orderly series connection of individual small battery cells.
  • the first electrode 200 may be a molybdenum layer
  • the transparent second electrode 500 may be a transparent conductive layer
  • the transparent conductive layer may be deposited onto the buffer layer 400 by physical sputtering.
  • the polymerized organic electroluminescent material 600 can be a polymer of a cyanine dye and a crosslinked body, and the cyanine dye has a strong fluorescent effect, and has a plurality of colors to be selected, and the crosslinked body has a strong curing.
  • the crosslinked body can be polymerized with the cyanine dye to form a luminescent body having a certain structure, wherein the crosslinked body can be triethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
  • the photoinitiator, the cyanine dye, and a certain concentration of the crosslinked body may be mixed in water using water as a solvent, and after mixing, the mixture of the three may be sprayed in the first filling tank 310; Under irradiation, the photoinitiator can be decomposed by light, thereby inducing polymer polymerization between the cyanine dye and the crosslinked body to form a completely water-insoluble polymer, and the performance of the electroluminescent semiconductor of the cyan dye is not affected. Damaged because its polymerization point is in the side chain, not on the backbone structure with conjugated double bonds.
  • the laser light 900 used may be ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 245 nm, and further, the photoinitiator may be diphenyl ketone.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a method of fabricating a luminescent solar cell, comprising: preparing a plurality of battery cells, wherein an ineffective region is formed between two adjacent battery cells; forming an The illuminant in which the battery unit is insulated.
  • the above manufacturing method can be as shown in FIG. 2, and the process involved can be seen in FIG. 3 to FIG. 11 , which includes the following steps:
  • a plurality of first electrodes 200 are disposed on the substrate 100.
  • the substrate 100 may be a glass substrate, and the first electrode 200 may be externally photovoltaicized as a positive electrode of the solar cell.
  • a light absorbing layer 300 is formed on the first electrode 200 and filled between the adjacent two first electrodes 200, and the light absorbing layer 300 can absorb almost all visible light.
  • a first filling trench 310 is formed on the light absorbing layer 300.
  • the first filling groove 310 can be formed by mechanical device scribing, and the first filling groove 310 can provide space for the subsequent arrangement of the fluorescent substance.
  • a luminescent material such as electroluminescent material 600
  • the electroluminescent material 600 can be a mixture of a cyanine dye and a crosslinked body, and the cyanine dye has a strong fluorescent effect, and has a plurality of colors to be selected, and the crosslinked body has a strong curing effect and crosslinks.
  • the body may be polymerized with the cyanine dye to form a luminescent body having a structure, wherein the crosslinked body may be triethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
  • a buffer layer 400 is formed on the light absorbing layer 300.
  • the buffer layer 400 can be prepared by a chemical water bath deposition method.
  • the formed transparent second electrode 500 is connected to the first electrode 200, as shown in FIG.
  • a metal electrode 700 insulated from the transparent second electrode 500 is formed in the second filling trench 510.
  • the metal electrode 700 can be a silver electrode with strong conductivity.
  • a light-emitting circuit 10 is formed between the first electrode 200, the electroluminescent material 600 and the silver electrode. In the dark night, The lighting circuit 10 can be connected to realize the self-illuminating function of the solar cell; while in the daytime, the lighting circuit 10 can be disconnected, and the photovoltaic power generation circuit 20 is turned on to realize normal photovoltaic power generation.
  • the switching control between the lighting circuit 10 and the photovoltaic power generation circuit 20 can be realized by separately setting the existing switches on the two circuits to facilitate the control operation.
  • the electrodes in the lighting circuit 10 and the photovoltaic power generation circuit 20 can be respectively led out of the wires, and the switches can be arranged on the wires to perform the closing and opening control.
  • step S400 specifically includes:
  • a reaction liquid is sprayed on the first filling tank 310 and the light absorbing layer 300, and the reaction liquid includes a polymerizable luminescent material.
  • the reaction solution is a solution obtained by mixing a photoinitiator, a cyanine dye, and a certain concentration of crosslinked body in water. Through the solution spraying process, it is ensured that the formed electroluminescent material 600 is in close contact with the first electrode 200 to achieve electrical conduction. At the same time, the spraying process is easy to implement.
  • reaction liquid in the first filling tank is subjected to a curing reaction under illumination, for example, laser 900, to form the electroluminescent material 600.
  • the first mask A includes a light transmitting portion corresponding to the first filling groove 310 and a remaining light blocking portion.
  • the light shielding portion corresponds to a region where the reaction liquid other than the reaction liquid in the first filling tank 310 is located.
  • the light transmitting portion may be disposed to be hollowed out, and the light shielding portion may be configured as a baffle structure.
  • reaction liquid in the first filling tank 310 is irradiated with the laser 900 and the first mask A to form the polymerized electroluminescent material 600 disposed in the first filling tank 310.
  • reaction liquid When the reaction liquid is sprayed onto the first filling tank 310, it is necessary to spray the entire surface of the light absorbing layer 300, thereby causing the portion of the light absorbing layer 300 other than the first filling tank 310 to be sprayed with the above reaction liquid.
  • the laser light 900 When the laser light 900 is irradiated, it is easy to cause a polymerization reaction at a position other than the first filling groove 310 on the light absorbing layer 300, resulting in formation of a layer of a polymer on the surface of the light absorbing layer 300, which hinders photovoltaic power generation.
  • the light shielding portion on the first mask A can block a portion other than the first filling groove 310 on the light absorbing layer 300, so that the light transmitting portion and the first filling groove 310 are formed.
  • the alignment is such that the laser 900 can illuminate the reaction liquid in the first filling tank 310 through the light transmitting portion, thereby causing the reaction liquid in the first filling tank 310 to form a polymer by polymerization, as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7.
  • the buffer layer 400 is prepared by a chemical water bath method, after the reaction liquid blocked by the first mask A on the light absorbing layer 300 is immersed in water, the cyanine dye which does not participate in the polymerization reaction will be Dissolved in water to clean a region other than the first filling trench 310 on the light absorbing layer 300 to facilitate deposition of the buffer layer 400, and the polymer formed in the first filling trench 310 is insoluble in water, thus remaining in the first filling In the slot 310.
  • the polymer located above the first filling groove 310 can be cut by sandblasting or laser.
  • step S600 specifically includes:
  • the buffer layer 400 and the light absorbing layer 300 are etched to form a through trench 410, and the groove bottom of the through trench 410 extends to a side of the first electrode 200 facing the light absorbing layer 300.
  • a transparent second electrode 500 is formed on the buffer layer 400 and in the through trench 410, and the transparent second electrode 500 has a first filling trench 310 thereon. Corresponding second filling groove 510.
  • the second mask B includes a cover portion corresponding to the second filling groove 510.
  • the cover portion may be provided as a baffle, and the corresponding other regions are unobstructed, ensuring that the transparent second electrode 500 can be directly deposited.
  • the transparent second electrode 500 is filled in the through hole 410, so that the transparent second electrode 500 can be directly contacted with the first electrode 200 through the through groove 410, ensuring an orderly series connection of the respective small battery cells, as shown in FIG.
  • the transparent second electrode 500 When the deposition of the transparent second electrode 500 is performed, the transparent second electrode 500 needs to be deposited on the entire surface of the buffer layer 400, and the set position on the buffer layer 400 is blocked by the second mask B (ie, the second filling groove) The position corresponding to 510) can be utilized to prevent deposition of the transparent second electrode 500 at the location by the shield.
  • the second mask B After the deposition of the transparent second electrode 500 is completed, the second mask B is removed, thereby forming the second filling groove 510 while forming the transparent second electrode 500, avoiding the transparent second electrode 500 by mechanical means.
  • the problem of easily damaging the transparent second electrode 500 is scribed on the second filling groove 510, and the process is simplified, and the production efficiency is improved.
  • the transparent second electrode 500 can be divided into a plurality of transparent second electrodes having a small size by the plurality of second filling grooves 510, and a plurality of battery chips connected in series are formed by the plurality of first electrodes, thereby improving power generation efficiency.
  • step S700 specifically includes:
  • the transparent second electrode 500 is shielded by the third mask C, and the metal electrode 700 is formed in the second filling trench 510 by the shielding of the third mask C.
  • the third mask C includes a hollow corresponding to the second filling groove 510 , and a gap between the projection of the hollow in the second filling groove 510 and the sidewall of the second filling groove 510 .
  • the metal electrode 700 can be accurately deposited on the second filling. In the groove 510, it is not deposited on the transparent second electrode 500 at the edge of the second filling groove 510, which facilitates the operation, as shown in FIG. Wherein the projection of the hollow in the second filling groove 510 and the sidewall of the second filling groove 510 have a gap to ensure a gap is formed between the formed metal electrode 700 and the sidewall of the second filling groove 510.
  • the metal electrode 700 and the transparent second electrode 500 are insulated from each other.
  • the materials of the first mask A, the second mask B, and the third mask C may be iron-nickel alloy, have a low expansion coefficient, and are convenient for designing graphics and processing.
  • the first mask A and the third mask C may be the same, as long as the width of the upper hollow is smaller than the width of the hollow on the second mask B.
  • the metal electrode 700 can be formed by vacuum heating.
  • the material of the metal electrode 700 may be variously selected.
  • the material of the metal electrode 700 is silver.
  • the solar cell itself has a molybdenum layer as a positive electrode and a metal electrode by depositing a polymerized organic electroluminescent material and a metal electrode in an ineffective area of the solar cell
  • the negative electrode, the polymerized organic electroluminescent material is a light-emitting circuit of the light source, and realizes the illumination function of the solar cell itself.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a building curtain wall, which is provided with any of the above-mentioned illuminable solar cells.
  • the building's curtain wall can be powered by solar cells during the day, and can be switched to a light-emitting state at night to eliminate the sense of oppression caused by darkness.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种可发光的太阳能电池及其制备方法、建筑幕墙，其中该太阳能电池包括基板、设置于所述基板上的多个电池单元以及设置于相邻两个所述电池单元之间的无效区域，所述无效区域内设置有与所述电池单元绝缘的发光体。本公开实施例通过对太阳能电池的无效区域进行有效利用，实现发光功能，提高了用户体验。上述太阳能电池可用作建筑幕墙，该建筑幕墙白天可利用太阳能电池进行发电，夜晚可切换至发光状态，消除黑暗带来的压抑感。

Description

可发光的太阳能电池及其制造方法、建筑幕墙
本公开要求于2018年01月25日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为201810073976.X、发明名称为“可发光的太阳能电池及其制造方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及太阳能电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种可发光的太阳能电池及其制造方法、建筑幕墙。
背景技术
铜铟镓硒(CIGS)太阳能光伏电池组件是现今最具有前景的建筑用材之一。CIGS电池组件的活性材料层非常薄，仅仅几微米厚，小于头发丝的厚度。基于此特性，CIGS电池组件也常常具备轻薄的特点，非常适合作为建筑材料使用。
CIGS晶体材料可吸收几乎全部的可见光，因此通常呈现为纯黑色，CIGS电池组件的高效率也源于此项优异性能。纯黑色的CIGS电池组件在白天日照充足的情况下，可以吸收大量的太阳光，包括可见光及近红外(NIR)光，进而将光能转化为电能，为建筑内电力的使用提供能源。而在夜间，覆盖有黑色CIGS电池组件的建筑幕墙由于颜色暗淡，会使街道笼罩在一种黑暗的氛围中，造成行人行车的压抑感。
公开内容
本公开的目的是提供一种可发光的太阳能电池及其制造方法、建筑幕墙，以解决上述现有技术中的问题，实现太阳能电池的自身照明功能。
一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种可发光的太阳能电池，包括：基板、设置于所述基板上的多个电池单元以及设置于相邻两个所述电池单元之间 的无效区域，所述无效区域内设置有与所述电池单元绝缘的发光体。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述多个电池单元中的每个电池单元包括：
设置在所述基板上的第一电极；
设置在所述第一电极上的光吸收层；
设置在所述光吸收层上的缓冲层；
设置在所述缓冲层上的透明第二电极，其中，所述电池单元的透明第二电极与相邻的电池单元的第一电极电性连接；
所述发光体至少设置在所述无效区域内的第一区域和第二区域中，所述第一区域为对应所述光吸收层的第一填充槽，所述第二区域为对应所述透明第二电极的第二填充槽。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述发光体包括：
电致发光材料，容纳于所述第一填充槽内，且与所述第一电极电性连接；以及
金属电极，容纳于所述第二填充槽内，且与相邻的所述透明第二电极绝缘；
其中，所述电致发光材料、所述金属电极与目标电池单元的第一电极配合构成发光回路，所述目标电池单元为第一区域对应的光吸收层所属的电池单元。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述发光回路还包括：位于所述电致发光材料与所述金属电极之间的缓冲层。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述金属电极的功函数与所述电致发光材料的功函数相匹配。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述电致发光材料为通过可聚合的发光材料制备得到的电致发光材料。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述金属电极为银电极，所述电致发光材料为通过花青染料制备得到的电致发光材料。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一电极为钼层，所述透明第二电极为透明导电氧化物层，所述光吸收层为铜铟镓硒层，所述缓冲层为硫化镉层。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述无效区域还包括：第三区域，所述第三区域为对应所述缓冲层的第三填充槽；
所述发光体包括：光致发光材料或热致发光材料，容纳于所述第一填充槽、所述第二填充槽和所述第三填充槽内。
在一种可能的实现方式中，对于每一所述电池单元：所述缓冲层上设有延伸至所述第一电极朝向所述光吸收层一面的通槽，所述透明第二电极通过所述通槽与相邻的电池单元的第一电极电性连接；所述通槽在所述基板上的投影位于相邻的两个第一电极之间的间隔在所述基板上的投影和所述第一填充槽在基板上的投影之间。
在一种可能的实现方式中，每一所述电池单元中的第一电极、光吸收层、缓冲层、透明第二电极配合构成一光伏发电回路；所述发光回路和所述光伏发电回路上均设置有开关。
另一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种可发光的太阳能电池的制造方法，所述制造方法包括：
制备多个电池单元，其中相邻两个所述电池单元之间形成有无效区域；
在所述无效区域内形成与所述电池单元绝缘的发光体。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述发光体包括电致发光材料和金属电极；
所述可发光的太阳能电池的制造方法包括：
在基板上形成间隔设置的多个第一电极；
形成位于所述第一电极上以及填充在相邻两个所述第一电极之间的光吸收层；
在所述光吸收层上形成第一填充槽；
在所述第一填充槽中形成所述电致发光材料；
在所述光吸收层上形成缓冲层；
在所述缓冲层上形成与相邻电池单元的第一电极连接的透明第二电极，在所述透明第二电极上形成第二填充槽；
在所述第二填充槽中形成与所述透明第二电极绝缘的金属电极。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述在所述第一填充槽中形成所述电致发光材料，包括：
在所述第一填充槽和所述光吸收层上涂反应液，所述反应液包括：可聚合的发光材料；
在第一掩膜板的遮挡作用下，使所述第一填充槽内的反应液在光照下进行固化反应，形成所述电致发光材料；
所述第一掩膜板包括：与所述第一填充槽对应的透光部，以及剩余的遮光部。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述在所述缓冲层上形成与相邻电池单元的第一电极连接的透明第二电极，包括：
对所述缓冲层和所述光吸收层进行刻蚀形成通槽，所述通槽的槽底延伸至所述第一电极朝向所述光吸收层的一面；
在第二掩膜板的遮挡作用下，在所述缓冲层上及所述通槽内形成所述透明第二电极；
所述透明第二电极上具有与所述第一填充槽对应的第二填充槽；
所述第二掩膜板包括：与所述第二填充槽对应的遮挡部。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述在所述第二填充槽中形成与所述透明第二电极绝缘的金属电极，包括：
在第三掩膜板的遮挡作用下，在所述第二填充槽内形成金属电极；
所述第三掩膜板包括：与所述第二填充槽对应的镂空，且所述镂空在所述第二填充槽内的投影与所述第二填充槽的侧壁之间具有间隙。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一掩膜板与所述第三掩膜板相同。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述缓冲层采用化学水浴沉积法形成；
所述金属电极通过真空加热的方式形成。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述金属电极的材料为银，所述电致发光材料通过花青染料制备得到。
再一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种建筑幕墙，所述建筑幕墙上设置有上述的任一种可发光的太阳能电池。
本公开实施例中，对于相邻两个电池单元之间的无效区域，向其中设置发光体，该发光体与电池单元绝缘，不影响电池单元的正常发电作业。当在光线较暗，例如黑夜时，可以使发光体发光，消除行人行车的压抑感。可见，本公开实施例通过对太阳能电池的无效区域进行有效利用，实现发光功能，提高了用户体验。上述太阳能电池可用作建筑幕墙，该建筑幕墙白天可利用太阳能电池进行发电，夜晚可切换至发光状态，消除黑暗带来的压抑感。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
图1-1为本公开实施例提供的未设置发光体的太阳能电池的结构示意图；
图1-2为本公开实施例提供的可发光的太阳能电池的结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例提供的可发光的太阳能电池的制造方法的流程图；
图3为在第一电极上形成光吸收层的示意图；
图4为在光吸收层上刻划第一填充槽后的示意图；
图5为在第一填充槽中喷涂有机半导体发光染料与光引发剂的混合物后的示意图；
图6为在第一掩膜板作用下，对第一填充槽中的有机半导体发光染料与光引发剂的混合物进行激光照射后的示意图；
图7为激光照射后在第一填充槽内形成聚合的电致发光材料的示意图；
图8为在光吸收层上沉积缓冲层后的示意图；
图9为在缓冲层和光吸收层上刻划通槽后的示意图；
图10为在第二掩膜板作用下，在缓冲层上沉积透明导电层后的示意图；
图11为在第三掩膜板作用下，在第二填充槽中沉积金属电极后的示意图。
附图标记说明：
1-电池单元             2-无效区域
10-发光回路            20-光伏发电回路      100-基板
200-第一电极           300-光吸收层         310-第一填充槽
400-缓冲层             410-通槽            500-透明第二电极
510-第二填充槽         600-电致发光材料
700-金属电极           800-掩膜板          900-激光
A-第一掩膜板           B-第二掩膜板        C-第三掩膜板
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本公开，而不能解释为对本公开的限制。
本公开实施例提供了一种可发光的太阳能电池，如附图1-1所示，该太阳能电池包括：基板100、设置于基板上的多个电池单元1以及设置于相邻两个电池单元1之间的无效区域2。进一步地，如附图1-2所示，无效区域2内设置有与电池单元1绝缘的发光体。其中，为了清楚地显示太阳能电池的基本结构，图1-1中并未在无效区域2内设置发光体，发光体在图1-2中进行了显示。
需要说明的是，本公开实施例提供的可发光的太阳能电池可以为薄膜太阳能电池，例如铜铟镓硒(CuIn xGa (1-x)Se 2，CIGS)薄膜电池，CIGS主要组成有Cu铜、In铟、Ga镓、Se硒，具有光吸收能力强，发电稳定性好、转化效率高，白天发电时间长、发电量高、生产成本低以及能源回收周期短等优点。
在现有电池组件生产工艺中，一片大组件的薄膜太阳能电池，例如铜铟镓硒(CIGS)薄膜电池，通常通过刻划的方式在基板上形成数十个或几十个或更多个小的电池单元1，通过将各个小的电池单元1串联起来形成较高的输出电压。在上述生产工艺中，会产生电池的无效面积(即，无效区域2)，在该无效面积无法进行发电，除了发挥连接各个单元电池的功能外，无其它贡献。基于此，本公开实施例中，对于相邻两个电池单元1之间的无效区域2，向其中设置发光体，该发光体与电池单元1绝缘，不影响电池单元的正常发电作业。当在光线较暗，例如黑夜时，可以使发光体发光，消除行人行车 的压抑感。可见，本公开实施例通过对太阳能电池的无效区域进行有效利用，实现发光功能，提高了用户体验。上述太阳能电池可用作建筑幕墙，该建筑幕墙白天可利用太阳能电池进行发电，夜晚可切换至发光状态，消除黑暗带来的压抑感。
在一种可能的示例中，发光体的发光方式可以为电致发光。
在一种可能的示例中，发光体的发光方式可以为光致发光。
在一种可能的示例中，发光体的发光方式可以为热致发光。
以下结合太阳能电池的结构分别就上述各示例涉及的发光方式进行阐述：
请参考图1-1和图1-2，本公开实施例提供了一种可发光的太阳能电池，其包括基板100、设置于基板上的多个电池单元1、设置于相邻两个电池单元1之间的无效区域2以及设置于无效区域2内且与电池单元1绝缘的发光体。本实施例中，多个电池单元1以及无效区域2由设置于基板100上的多个第一电极200、光吸收层300、缓冲层400和透明第二电极500分布形成。具体的，图1-2以串联的两个电池单元为例说明可发光的太阳能电池的结构，如图1-2所示，每个电池单元包括：设置在基板100上的第一电极200、设置在第一电极200上的光吸收层300、设置在光吸收层300上的缓冲层400以及设置在缓冲层400上的透明第二电极500。对于每一个电池单元，其包括的第一电极200、光吸收层300、缓冲层400以及透明第二电极500配合构成一个光伏发电回路20。同时，为了实现两电池单元的串联，第一个电池单元的透明第二电极500与相邻的电池单元的第一电极200电性连接。
本公开实施例中，无效区域包括第一区域和第二区域，其中第一区域为对应光吸收层300的第一填充槽310，第二区域为对应透明第二电极500的第二填充槽510。所述发光体至少设置在所述无效区域内的第一区域和第二区域中。
当发光体的发光方式为电致发光时，该发光体可包括：电致发光材料600，容纳于所述第一填充槽310内，且与所述第一电极200电性连接；以及金属电极700，容纳于所述第二填充槽510内，且与相邻的所述透明第二电极500绝缘。其中，所述电致发光材料600、所述金属电极700与目标电池 单元的第一电极配合构成发光回路10，该目标电池单元为第一区域对应的光吸收层所属的电池单元，也可以理解为，该目标电池单元为第二区域对应的透明第二电极所属的电池单元。
相关技术中，当太阳能电池用作建筑材料时，当环境较暗时，为了解除太阳能电池对行人带来的压抑感，赋予建筑照明功能，通常需要投入大量的成本在建筑上布置照明灯，而使用照明灯则又会产生高额的用电成本，且大量的照明灯难以管理和维护。因此，为了解决上述问题，本公开实施例提供的可发光的太阳能电池，通过在无效区域中设置电致发光材料600以及金属电极700，实现了在电池中建立一发光回路10，当在黑夜中，可以切换到上述发光回路10来实现太阳能电池自身的照明功能。其中，第一电极200可以作为发光回路10的正极，金属电极700可以作为发光回路10的负极，通过在正极和负极施加电压，从而可以使电致发光材料600发光，不仅实现了太阳能电池自身的照明功能。并且，当利用太阳能电池进行供电的方式进行发光时，能够显著降低用电成本。
在一种可能的示例中，发光回路10还可以包括：位于电致发光材料600与金属电极700之间的缓冲层400。缓冲层400在发光回路10中同样可以起到缓冲过渡的作用，利用其提高电致发光效率。通常，缓冲层400的厚度一般为10-30nm，其在电致发光的电池结构中不仅能起到缓冲作用，且利于简化可发光的太阳能电池的制备工艺。
再请参考图1-2，对于每个电池单元，光吸收层300吸收光能，进行光电转换，通过第一电极200和透明第二电极500将产生的电流引出；同时，通过缓冲层400进行过渡和缓冲，实现晶格、能带匹配问题。对于相互串联的两个电池单元，第一个电池单元的缓冲层400上设有延伸至其第一电极200朝向光吸收层300一面的通槽410，透明第二电极500通过通槽410与相邻的电池单元的第一电极200电性连接；该通槽410在基板100上的投影位于相邻的两个第一电极200之间的间隔在基板100上的投影和第一填充槽410在基板上的投影之间，由此可以使第一个电池单元的透明第二电极500与第二个电池单元的第一电极200直接接触，确保了各个电池单元的有序串联。
在一种示例中，第一电极200可以为钼层，透明第二电极500可以为透 明导电氧化物层(即TCO层)，例如，ZnO：Al，透明导电氧化物层可以通过物理溅射的方式沉积到缓冲层400上。光吸收层300可以为铜铟镓硒(CIGS)层，缓冲层400可以为硫化镉(CdS)层。基板100可以为玻璃基板、塑料基板、陶瓷基板、石墨基板等。
其中，金属电极700可以为银电极、ITO、FTO等，它们均具有较好的透明度，且导电性好。电致发光材料600为通过可聚合的发光材料制备得到的电致发光材料。为了提高发光效率，可以选择金属电极700的功函数与电致发光材料600的功函数相匹配。举例来说，当电致发光材料600采用花青染料制备得到时，银金属的功函数与所使用的花青染料的功函数相匹配，能够获得更高的发光效率，因此金属电极700选择导电性较好的银电极，其厚度可以为10-20nm。同时，银电极为半透明电极，从而可以向外透射光照。
对于电致发光材料600来说，为了在实现电致发光的前提下，赋予其疏水性，电致发光材料600可采用可聚合的发光材料制备得到。示例地，其可以为通过花青染料制备得到的有机电致发光材料。即，可以为花青染料与交联体的聚合物，花青染料具有较强的荧光效果，同时具有多种颜色可以选择。
示例地，所采用的花青染料可以为如下述四种化学结构式所示的种类：
Figure PCTCN2018091963-appb-000001
如上所示，以上各花青染料均能够发生聚合反应，而交联体具有较强的固化作用，交联体可以与花青染料聚合后形成具有一定结构的电致发光材料。 示例地，可以在光引发剂存在的情况下，以光照的形式激发上述聚合反应。其中，Cy3-PF6，bCy3-PF6和STCy3-PF6均可发出(橙)黄色光，Cy1-PF6可发黄(绿)色光。
在一种可能的示例中，可以以水作为溶剂，将光引发剂、花青染料和一定浓度的交联体在水中混合，混合后可将此三者的混合物喷涂在第一填充槽310中；在激光900照射下，光引发剂可以受光照分解，进而引发花青染料与交联体之间的高分子聚合反应，形成完全不溶于水的聚合物，同时花青染料的电致发光半导体性能不会受到损坏，因为其聚合点在侧链，而非在具有共轭双键的主链结构上。
其中，交联体可以为三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯，光引发剂可以为二苯基甲酮。花青染料、交联体、光引发剂的质量百分比分别为80-95％，4-10％，以及1％-5％。其中，为了使光引发剂在激光900照射下快速分解，所使用的激光900可以为紫外光，波长为245nm。
此外，金属电极700需要和透明第二电极500之间绝缘，以确保发光回路10与光伏发电回路20彼此独立，对于实现两者之间绝缘的方式，示例如下：
示例地，可以使金属电极700和透明第二电极500之间形成设定宽度的间隙，使两者不接触，该方式便于制备，简化制备工艺。其中，该间隙的宽度可以为微纳米级。
示例地，可以在金属电极700与透明第二电极500之间形成绝缘层，即，金属电极700、绝缘层、透明第二电极500之间依次接触，该方式能够提高结构稳定性。
上述提及，无效区域包括第一区域和第二区域，其中第一区域为对应光吸收层300的第一填充槽310，第二区域为对应透明第二电极500的第二填充槽510。作为另一种示例，无效区域还可以包括第三区域，该第三区域为对应缓冲层400的第三填充槽，此时第一填充槽310、第三填充槽以及第二填充槽510相互连通，且在基板上的投影重合。
当发光体的发光方式采用光致发光或热致发光时，该发光体可包括：光致发光材料或热致发光材料，光致发光材料或热致发光材料容纳于上述提及 的第一填充槽310、第二填充槽510和/或第三填充槽内。上述光致发光在吸取光能、热致发光材料在吸收热能的情况下，同样也能够实现在夜晚发光。举例来说，光致发光材料可以为夜光粉，高分子骨架上连接了芳香稠环的荧光材料，例如芘的衍生物，或者，两个苯环之间以碳碳双键相连的共轭结构的衍生物，或者，母体上引入有氨基取代基的香豆素类衍生物。
在一种可能的示例中，还可以在第二填充槽510的槽口处设置透光的盖体，以保护其内部的发光材料不会泄露。
在一种可能的示例中，发光回路10和光伏发电回路20上均设置有开关。举例来说，可以使发光回路10和光伏发电回路20中的电极分别引出导线，在导线上设置开关，即可进行闭合和断开控制。通过设置开关，可以实现对发光在发光回路10和光伏发电回路20的控制，如控制发光回路10在晚上工作。
再请参考图1-2，本公开实施例提供了一种可发光的太阳能电池，其包括依次贴合的基板100、第一电极200、光吸收层300、缓冲层400和透明第二电极500，其中，基板100可以为玻璃基板，光吸收层300上设置有第一填充槽310，该第一填充槽310中设置有聚合的有机电致发光材料600，透明第二电极500间隔设置在缓冲层400上，透明第二电极500与第一电极200相连，相邻两个透明第二电极500之间设置有金属电极700，金属电极700与相邻的透明第二电极500之间相互绝缘。其中，金属电极700可以为导电性较好的银电极，银电极为半透明电极，从而可以向外透射光照。
需要说明的是，本实施例提供的可发光的太阳能电池可以为铜铟镓硒(CIGS)薄膜电池，在现有电池组件生产工艺中，一片大组件的铜铟镓硒(CIGS)薄膜电池通常通过刻划的方式形成基板100上的数十个小单元电池，通过将各个小单元电池串联起来以形成较高的输出电压。在刻划线上，第一电极200上的缓冲层400和透明第二电极500会被切断，产生电池的无效面积，而在该无效面积中，仅仅保留了第一电极200材料，无法发电，除了发挥连接小单元电池的功能外，无其它贡献。
因此，为了解决上述问题，本公开实施例提供的可发光的太阳能电池，通过在无效面积中设置聚合的有机电致发光材料600以及金属电极700，实 现了在电池中建立一发光回路10，当在黑夜中，可以切换到上述发光回路10来实现太阳能电池自身的照明功能，具体地，第一电极200可以作为发光回路10的正极，金属电极700可以作为发光回路10的负极，从而可以使聚合的有机电致发光材料600发光，实现了太阳能电池自身的照明功能。
进一步地，缓冲层400上设有延伸至第一电极200朝向光吸收层300一面的通槽410，透明第二电极500通过通槽410与第一电极200相连，通槽410在基板100上的投影位于相邻的两个第一电极200之间的间隔在基板100上的投影和第一填充槽310在基板100上的投影之间，由此可以使透明第二电极500与第一电极200直接接触，确保了各个小电池单元的有序串联。
其中，第一电极200可以为钼层，所述透明第二电极500可以为透明导电层，透明导电层可以通过物理溅射的方式沉积到缓冲层400上。另外，聚合的有机电致发光材料600可以为花青染料与交联体的聚合物，花青染料具有较强的荧光效果，同时具有多种颜色可以选择，而交联体具有较强的固化作用，交联体可以与花青染料聚合后形成具有一定结构的发光体，其中，交联体可以为三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯。具体而言，可以以水作为溶剂，将光引发剂、花青染料和一定浓度的交联体在水中混合，混合后可将此三者的混合物喷涂在第一填充槽310中；在激光900照射下，光引发剂可以受光照分解，进而引发花青染料与交联体之间的高分子聚合反应，形成完全不溶于水的聚合物，同时花青染料的电致发光半导体性能不会受到损坏，因为其聚合点在侧链，而非在具有共轭双键的主链结构上。其中，为了使光引发剂在激光900照射下快速分解，所使用的激光900可以为紫外光，波长为245nm，此外，光引发剂可以为二苯基甲酮。
本公开实施例还提供了一种可发光的太阳能电池的制造方法，包括：制备多个电池单元，其中相邻两个所述电池单元之间形成有无效区域；在所述无效区域内形成与所述电池单元绝缘的发光体。
示例地，当发光体的发光方式为电致发光时，以上制造方法可如图2所示，所涉及的流程可参见图3-图11，其包括如下步骤：
S100、参见图3，在基板100上形成间隔设置的多个第一电极200，其中基板100可以为玻璃基板，第一电极200可以作为太阳能电池的正极对外 进行光伏发电。
S200、参见图3，形成位于第一电极200上以及填充在相邻两个第一电极200之间的光吸收层300，光吸收层300可以对几乎全部的可见光进行吸收。
S300、参见图4，在光吸收层300上形成第一填充槽310。其中，第一填充槽310可以通过机械设备刻划形成，第一填充槽310可以为后续的荧光物质的设置提供空间。
S400、参见图5-图7，在第一填充槽310中形成发光材料，例如电致发光材料600。其中，电致发光材料600可以为花青染料与交联体的混合物，花青染料具有较强的荧光效果，同时具有多种颜色可以选择，而交联体具有较强的固化作用，交联体可以与花青染料聚合后形成具有一定结构的发光体，其中，交联体可以为三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯。
S500、参见图8，在光吸收层300上形成缓冲层400。其中，缓冲层400可以通过化学水浴沉积法制备。
S600、在缓冲层400上形成透明第二电极500，并在透明第二电极500上形成第二填充槽510，形成的透明第二电极500与第一电极200连接，如图9所示。
S700、参见图9及图10，在第二填充槽510中形成与透明第二电极500绝缘设置的金属电极700。其中，金属电极700可以为导电性较强的银电极，如图1-2所示，第一电极200、电致发光材料600以及银电极之间构成一种发光回路10，在漆黑的夜晚，可以使该发光回路10连通，以实现太阳能电池的自身照明功能；而在白天，可以将发光回路10断开，光伏发电回路20接通，以对外实现正常的光伏发电。
具体地，在发光回路10和光伏发电回路20之间的切换控制可以通过在两个回路上分别设置现有的开关来实现，便于控制操作。举例来说，可以使发光回路10和光伏发电回路20中的电极分别引出导线，在导线上设置开关，即可进行闭合和断开控制。
具体地，如图6所示，步骤S400具体包括：
S410、如图5所示，在第一填充槽310和光吸收层300上喷涂反应液， 反应液包括：可聚合的发光材料。示例的，反应液为将光引发剂、花青染料和一定浓度的交联体在水中混合后得到的溶液。通过溶液喷涂工艺，可以确保所形成的电致发光材料600与第一电极200紧密接触，实现电性导通。同时，喷涂工艺容易实现。
S420、如图6及图7所示，在第一掩膜板A的作用下，使第一填充槽内的反应液在光照，例如激光900下进行固化反应，形成上述电致发光材料600。
其中，第一掩膜板A包括：与第一填充槽310对应的透光部，以及剩余的遮光部。即，遮光部与除第一填充槽310内的反应液以外的反应液所在区域对应。其中，透光部可以设置成镂空，遮光部可以设置成挡板结构。
示例地，利用激光900和第一掩模板A对第一填充槽310内的反应液进行照射，以形成设置在第一填充槽310内的聚合的电致发光材料600。
在向第一填充槽310喷涂反应液时，需要喷涂光吸收层300的整个表面，由此会导致光吸收层300上除第一填充槽310以外的部分同样会喷涂有上述反应液，在进行激光900照射时，容易使光吸收层300上的第一填充槽310以外的位置发生聚合反应，导致光吸收层300表面形成一层聚合物，阻碍了光伏发电。因此，为了解决该问题，在本实施例中，可以使第一掩模板A上的遮光部遮挡光吸收层300上的第一填充槽310以外的部分，使透光部与第一填充槽310对齐，使激光900可以透过透光部照射第一填充槽310中的反应液，进而使第一填充槽310中的反应液通过聚合反应形成聚合物，如图5至图7所示。
而在后续沉积缓冲层400过程中，由于缓冲层400通过化学水浴法制备，在光吸收层300上受第一掩模板A遮挡的反应液被水浸泡后，未参与聚合反应的花青染料将溶解于水中，使光吸收层300上的第一填充槽310以外的区域得到清洗，以便于沉积缓冲层400，而第一填充槽310中形成的聚合物不溶于水，因此保留在第一填充槽310中。其中，位于第一填充槽310上方的聚合物可通过喷砂或激光的方式切除。
具体地，步骤S600具体包括：
S610、如图9所示，对缓冲层400和光吸收层300进行刻蚀形成通槽410，通槽410的槽底延伸至第一电极200朝向光吸收层300的一面。
S620、如图10所示，在第二掩膜板B的遮挡作用下，在缓冲层400上及通槽410内形成透明第二电极500，透明第二电极500上具有与第一填充槽310对应的第二填充槽510。
其中，第二掩膜板B包括：与第二填充槽510对应的遮盖部。该遮盖部可以设置成挡板，对应的其他区域均不受遮挡，确保透明第二电极500能够直接沉积。
在通槽410内填充有透明第二电极500，从而可以使透明第二电极500通过通槽410与第一电极200直接接触，确保了各个小电池单元的有序串联，如图10所示。
在进行透明第二电极500的沉积时，透明第二电极500需要沉积在缓冲层400的整个表面上，通过第二掩膜板B遮挡缓冲层400上的设定位置(即，第二填充槽510对应的位置)，可以实现利用遮挡部来防止透明第二电极500在该位置处的沉积。当透明第二电极500沉积完成后，取走第二掩膜板B，由此可以在形成透明第二电极500的同时也形成第二填充槽510，避免了通过机械设备在透明第二电极500上刻划第二填充槽510而易损伤透明第二电极500的问题，同时也简化了工艺，提高了生产效率。其中，透明第二电极500可以通过多个第二填充槽510分割为多个尺寸较小的透明第二电极，并配合多个第一电极形成多个串联的电池芯片，从而提高了发电效率。
具体地，在步骤S700具体包括：
S710、如图11所示，利用第三掩膜板C对透明第二电极500进行遮挡，在第三掩膜板C的遮挡作用下，在第二填充槽510内形成金属电极700。
其中，第三掩膜板C包括：与第二填充槽510对应的镂空，且该镂空在第二填充槽510内的投影与第二填充槽510的侧壁之间具有间隙。
由于在透明第二电极500的设定位置处形成有第二填充槽510，故利用第三掩膜板C将透明第二电极500掩膜后，可以使金属电极700能够准确沉积在第二填充槽510中，而不会沉积到第二填充槽510边缘处的透明第二电极500上，方便了操作，如图10所示。其中，该镂空在第二填充槽510内的投影与第二填充槽510的侧壁之间具有间隙，以确保所形成的金属电极700与第二填充槽510的侧壁之间形成间隙，使金属电极700与透明第二电极500 彼此绝缘。
上述第一掩膜板A、第二掩膜板B、第三掩膜板C的材质可选用铁镍合金，具有低膨胀系数，且方便设计图形并加工的优点。
其中，第一掩膜板A和第三掩膜板C可采用同一个，只要使其上镂空的宽度小于第二掩膜板B上的镂空的宽度即可。
其中，金属电极700可以通过真空加热的方式形成。
需要说明的是，金属电极700的材料可以有多种选择，优选的是，该金属电极700的材料为银。
本公开实施例提供的可发光的太阳能电池及其制造方法，通过在太阳能电池的无效面积中沉积聚合的有机电致发光材料以及金属电极，使太阳能电池自身具有以钼层为正极，金属电极为负极，聚合的有机电致发光材料为光源的发光回路，实现了太阳能电池自身的照明功能。
再一方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种建筑幕墙，该建筑幕墙上设置有上述涉及的任一项可发光的太阳能电池。该建筑幕墙白天可利用太阳能电池进行发电，夜晚可切换至发光状态，消除黑暗带来的压抑感。
以上依据图式所示的实施例详细说明了本公开的构造、特征及作用效果，以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例，但本公开不以图面所示限定实施范围，凡是依照本公开的构想所作的改变，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例，仍未超出说明书与图示所涵盖的精神时，均应在本公开的保护范围内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种可发光的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述可发光的太阳能电池包括：基板、设置于所述基板上的多个电池单元以及设置于相邻两个所述电池单元之间的无效区域，所述无效区域内设置有与所述电池单元绝缘的发光体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可发光的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述多个电池单元中的每个电池单元包括：
    设置在所述基板上的第一电极；
    设置在所述第一电极上的光吸收层；
    设置在所述光吸收层上的缓冲层；
    设置在所述缓冲层上的透明第二电极，其中，所述电池单元的透明第二电极与相邻的电池单元的第一电极电性连接；
    所述发光体至少设置在所述无效区域内的第一区域和第二区域中，所述第一区域为对应所述光吸收层的第一填充槽，所述第二区域为对应所述透明第二电极的第二填充槽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的可发光的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述发光体包括：
    电致发光材料，容纳于所述第一填充槽内，且与所述第一电极电性连接；以及
    金属电极，容纳于所述第二填充槽内，且与相邻的所述透明第二电极绝缘；
    其中，所述电致发光材料、所述金属电极与目标电池单元的第一电极配合构成发光回路，所述目标电池单元为第一区域对应的光吸收层所属的电池单元。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的可发光的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述发光回路还包括：位于所述电致发光材料与所述金属电极之间的缓冲层。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的可发光的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述金属电极的功函数与所述电致发光材料的功函数相匹配。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的可发光的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述电致发光材料为通过可聚合的发光材料制备得到的电致发光材料。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的可发光的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述金属电极为银电极，所述电致发光材料为通过花青染料制备得到的电致发光材料。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的可发光的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述第一电极为钼层，所述透明第二电极为透明导电氧化物层，所述光吸收层为铜铟镓硒层，所述缓冲层为硫化镉层。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的可发光的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述无效区域还包括：第三区域，所述第三区域为对应所述缓冲层的第三填充槽；
    所述发光体包括：光致发光材料或热致发光材料，容纳于所述第一填充槽、所述第二填充槽和所述第三填充槽内。
  10. 根据权利要求2-9任一项所述的可发光的太阳能电池，其特征在于，对于每一所述电池单元：所述缓冲层上设有延伸至所述第一电极朝向所述光吸收层一面的通槽，所述透明第二电极通过所述通槽与相邻的电池单元的第一电极电性连接；所述通槽在所述基板上的投影位于相邻的两个第一电极之间的间隔在所述基板上的投影和所述第一填充槽在基板上的投影之间。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的可发光的太阳能电池，其特征在于，每一所述电池单元中的第一电极、光吸收层、缓冲层、透明第二电极配合构成一光伏发电回路；所述发光回路和所述光伏发电回路上均设置有开关。
  12. 一种可发光的太阳能电池的制造方法，其特征在于，所述制造方法包括：
    制备多个电池单元，其中相邻两个所述电池单元之间形成有无效区域；
    在所述无效区域内形成与所述电池单元绝缘的发光体。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的可发光的太阳能电池的制造方法，其特征在于，所述发光体包括电致发光材料和金属电极；
    所述可发光的太阳能电池的制造方法包括：
    在基板上形成间隔设置的多个第一电极；
    形成位于所述第一电极上以及填充在相邻两个所述第一电极之间的光吸收层；
    在所述光吸收层上形成第一填充槽；
    在所述第一填充槽中形成所述电致发光材料；
    在所述光吸收层上形成缓冲层；
    在所述缓冲层上形成与相邻电池单元的第一电极连接的透明第二电极，在所述透明第二电极上形成第二填充槽；
    在所述第二填充槽中形成与所述透明第二电极绝缘的金属电极。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的可发光的太阳能电池的制造方法，其特征在于，所述在所述第一填充槽中形成所述电致发光材料，包括：
    在所述第一填充槽和所述光吸收层上涂反应液，所述反应液包括：可聚合的发光材料；
    在第一掩膜板的遮挡作用下，使所述第一填充槽内的反应液在光照下进行固化反应，形成所述电致发光材料；
    所述第一掩膜板包括：与所述第一填充槽对应的透光部，以及剩余的遮光部。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的可发光的太阳能电池的制造方法，其特征在于，所述在所述缓冲层上形成与相邻电池单元的第一电极连接的透明第二电 极，包括：
    对所述缓冲层和所述光吸收层进行刻蚀形成通槽，所述通槽的槽底延伸至所述第一电极朝向所述光吸收层的一面；
    在第二掩膜板的遮挡作用下，在所述缓冲层上及所述通槽内形成所述透明第二电极；
    所述透明第二电极上具有与所述第一填充槽对应的第二填充槽；
    所述第二掩膜板包括：与所述第二填充槽对应的遮挡部。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的可发光的太阳能电池的制造方法，其特征在于，所述在所述第二填充槽中形成与所述透明第二电极绝缘的金属电极，包括：
    在第三掩膜板的遮挡作用下，在所述第二填充槽内形成金属电极；
    所述第三掩膜板包括：与所述第二填充槽对应的镂空，且所述镂空在所述第二填充槽内的投影与所述第二填充槽的侧壁之间具有间隙。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的可发光的太阳能电池的制造方法，其特征在于，所述第一掩膜板与所述第三掩膜板相同。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的可发光的太阳能电池的制造方法，其特征在于，所述缓冲层采用化学水浴沉积法形成；
    所述金属电极通过真空加热的方式形成。
  19. 根据权利要求13～18任一项所述的可发光的太阳能电池的制造方法，其特征在于，所述金属电极的材料为银，所述电致发光材料通过花青染料制备得到。
  20. 一种建筑幕墙，其特征在于，所述建筑幕墙上设置有权利要求1-11任一项所述的可发光的太阳能电池。
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