WO2019130886A1 - Vehicular waste heat recovery device - Google Patents

Vehicular waste heat recovery device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019130886A1
WO2019130886A1 PCT/JP2018/042254 JP2018042254W WO2019130886A1 WO 2019130886 A1 WO2019130886 A1 WO 2019130886A1 JP 2018042254 W JP2018042254 W JP 2018042254W WO 2019130886 A1 WO2019130886 A1 WO 2019130886A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
engine
heat exchanger
refrigerant
cooling water
circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2018/042254
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
中村　慎二
Original Assignee
サンデンホールディングス株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by サンデンホールディングス株式会社 filed Critical サンデンホールディングス株式会社
Publication of WO2019130886A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019130886A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/20—Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention comprises a refrigerant pump for circulating a working fluid, a heater for heating the working fluid sent by the refrigerant pump by waste heat of a vehicle engine, and expanding a working fluid heated and vaporized by the heater.
  • the present invention relates to a waste heat recovery apparatus for a vehicle including a Rankine cycle having an expander that generates an output and a Rankine condenser that condenses a working fluid expanded by the expander.
  • the waste-heat regeneration system which is disclosed by patent document 1 and produces
  • the waste heat recovery system using the waste heat of the engine is an internal combustion engine cooling system that cools the heat generated by the internal combustion engine with cooling water to use the waste heat of the refrigeration cycle for the Rankine cycle, and a compressor that compresses the refrigerant A heat exchanger for condensing and liquefying the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor, an expansion valve for vaporizing the refrigerant liquefied by the heat exchanger and expanding the air by the vaporized refrigerant A refrigeration cycle system comprising an evaporator for cooling, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant compressed by the compressor and the medium of the Rankine cycle system, an evaporator for evaporating the medium by the heat of the cooling water, An expander for generating energy by the vaporized medium, and condensing the vaporized medium A conden
  • Patent Document 2 is a waste heat regeneration system that generates energy using waste heat of an engine as in Patent Document 1, and in order to use waste heat of a refrigeration cycle for a Rankine cycle, a refrigeration cycle
  • An air conditioner heat exchanger (first heat exchanger) for heat exchange between the discharged refrigerant and the working fluid of the Rankine cycle, the working fluid downstream of the heat exchanger in the Rankine cycle, and the working fluid downstream of the expander
  • a waste heat recovery system is disclosed that includes an internal heat exchanger that exchanges heat and a Rankine cycle provided with a boiler that heats a working fluid using engine waste heat.
  • Patent Document 3 is a waste heat recovery system that generates energy using engine waste heat as in Patent Document 1, and in order to use waste heat of the refrigeration cycle, it is possible to use refrigerant discharged from the refrigeration cycle.
  • Such prior art measures are Rankine systems that recover energy using engine waste heat and refrigeration cycle waste heat, but the operation of these Rankine systems utilizes engine waste heat, that is, The problem is that the Rankin system can not be operated promptly because the engine does not warm up easily when starting the engine in cold weather conditions such as winter season in order to recover heat from the engine for operation. was there. Also, similarly, in a cold environment where the outside air is cold such as winter season, when the Rankine system is operated after the engine is sufficiently warmed up, the Rankine system recovers the heat of the engine through the engine cooling water. When dehumidifying and heating the vehicle interior space, there is also a problem that the temperature of the engine cooling water used for heating does not rise sufficiently and the heating capacity is insufficient. In a waste heat recovery system equipped with a prior art Rankine system It can not be said that the warmth of the engine and the indoor heating in the winter season are sufficiently considered.
  • the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and can warm up the engine quickly even when the outside air is cold such as winter season, and the Rankine system can be used after the engine warms up. Even if it is operated and the heat of engine cooling water is recovered by the Rankine system, the shortage of heating capacity can be compensated when dehumidifying and heating the vehicle interior space by supplying the waste heat from the refrigeration cycle to the engine cooling water. To provide a waste heat recovery system for vehicles.
  • the invention according to claim 1 is a heater for heating a working fluid by using waste heat of an engine, and expansion for generating power by expanding the working fluid via the heater. And a Rankine condenser for condensing the working fluid via the expander, and a Rankine cycle circuit including a working fluid pump for sequentially delivering a working fluid via the Rankin condenser to the heater.
  • the engine cooling water system having a Rankine cycle system, an engine cooling water circuit in which cooling water circulates via a pump via the heater and the engine, a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, and compression by the compressor
  • Refrigeration system in which a heat exchanger for radiating heat, a decompressor for decompressing the refrigerant after heat exchange with the outside air by the radiator, and an evaporator for heating the decompressed refrigerant are sequentially provided
  • a heat exchanger for heat exchange between the coolant flowing through the engine coolant circuit and the refrigerant flowing through the It is a waste heat recovery system for vehicles disposed between the heater and the engine in a water circuit.
  • the waste heat recovery system for a vehicle according to the first aspect, wherein the heat exchanger is disposed downstream of the heater in the engine coolant circuit.
  • the refrigeration cycle system includes a radiator for causing the refrigerant compressed by the compressor to exchange heat with the outside air, the heat exchanger and the pressure reduction It is a waste heat recovery system for vehicles disposed between devices.
  • the refrigeration cycle circuit includes between the compressor and the heat exchanger, and between the heat exchanger and the pressure reducing device. It is a waste heat recovery system for vehicles provided with the bypass way which connects and bypasses the said heat exchanger, and the switching apparatus which switches the flow of a refrigerant
  • the invention according to claim 5 is the waste heat recovery system for a vehicle according to the invention according to claim 4, wherein the switching device is a switching valve provided at a connection portion of the bypass passage.
  • the invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the discharge refrigerant temperature on the discharge side of the compressor in the refrigeration cycle circuit is the heat exchanger in the engine cooling water circuit.
  • the switching device flows the refrigerant to the heat exchanger side, and the temperature of the discharged refrigerant on the discharge side of the compressor is the inlet of the heat exchanger in the engine cooling water circuit.
  • the switching device is a vehicular waste heat recovery system in which the switching device is controlled to flow the refrigerant to the side of the bypass road when the temperature is equal to or lower than the cooling water temperature on the side.
  • a compressor for compressing a refrigerant
  • a heat exchanger for radiating the refrigerant compressed by the compressor
  • a pressure reducing device for decompressing the refrigerant after heat exchange with the outside air by the radiator.
  • a refrigeration cycle system having a refrigeration cycle circuit in which evaporators for heating the decompressed refrigerant are sequentially disposed, wherein the heat exchanger includes cooling water flowing through the engine coolant circuit and refrigerant flowing through the refrigeration cycle circuit.
  • the heat exchanger performs heat exchange between the heater and the engine in the engine coolant circuit, and the heat of the refrigerant compressed by the operation of the compressor in the refrigeration cycle system is the engine.
  • the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circuit can be supplied, warm-up of the engine can be promptly performed in a situation where the outside air is cold such as winter season. Also, even if the Rankine cycle system is operated after engine warm-up to recover the heat of the cooling water flowing through the engine cooling water circuit, the heat of the refrigerant compressed by the operation of the compressor in the refrigeration cycle system By supplying to the flowing cooling water, there is an advantage that the shortage of the heating capacity can be compensated when dehumidifying and heating the vehicle interior space.
  • the heat exchanger is disposed on the downstream side of the heater in the engine cooling water circuit, a temperature difference between the engine cooling water whose temperature is lowered by passing through the heater and the high temperature refrigerant is secured. Since the heat exchange can be performed, there is an advantage that the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
  • a radiator for exchanging the refrigerant compressed by the compressor with the outside air is disposed between the heat exchanger and the pressure reducing device, so that the heat exchanger can dissipate the heat.
  • the refrigeration cycle circuit includes a bypass path connecting the compressor and the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger, and the pressure reducing device to bypass the heat exchanger, and a refrigerant flow. Since the switching device for switching to the heat exchanger side or the bypass path side is disposed, for example, the temperature of the discharge refrigerant on the discharge side of the compressor in the refrigeration cycle circuit is the heat exchanger in the engine cooling water circuit In the case where the temperature is lower than the temperature of the cooling water on the inlet side of the valve, heat exchange with the heat exchanger can advantageously prevent the warm-up of the engine from being interrupted or the efficiency of the refrigeration circuit system from being lowered. .
  • the switching device is a switching valve provided at the connection portion of the bypass path, there is an advantage that it is easy to connect the switching valve to the refrigeration cycle circuit.
  • the switching device when the discharge refrigerant temperature on the discharge side of the compressor in the refrigeration cycle circuit is higher than the cooling water temperature on the inlet side of the heat exchanger in the engine cooling water circuit, the switching device is on the heat exchanger side And the switching device causes the refrigerant to flow to the bypass passage side when the discharge refrigerant temperature on the discharge side of the compressor is equal to or lower than the cooling water temperature on the inlet side of the heat exchanger in the engine cooling water circuit.
  • Configuration diagram of the waste heat recovery system for a vehicle according to the first embodiment Configuration diagram of waste heat recovery system for vehicle according to the second embodiment
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing the configuration of a vehicle waste heat recovery system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the waste heat recovery system of the present invention recovers waste heat from a vehicle engine. It is.
  • the vehicle waste heat recovery system 1 includes a Rankine cycle system 2, an engine cooling water system 3, and a refrigeration cycle system 4, and the vehicle waste heat recovery system 1 includes a controller 5.
  • the control device 5 controls each of the Rankine cycle system 2 and the refrigeration cycle system 4.
  • the Rankine cycle system 2 is a system that recovers the waste heat of the engine and converts it into electric power or a rotational driving force that assists the engine, and heats the circulating working fluid via the coolant of the engine 23 described later.
  • a Rankine cycle circuit 10 in which a working fluid pump 14 for delivering the working fluid passed through to the heater 11 is sequentially disposed.
  • the engine cooling water system 3 is a system for cooling the engine 23, which is an internal combustion engine mounted in a vehicle, and sequentially passes through the engine 23, the pump 24, the thermostat 25, and the radiator 26 through which cooling water for cooling the engine 23 passes.
  • the engine cooling water circuit 20 is provided with a circulation passage 21 disposed and a branch passage 22 disposed in the middle of the circulation passage 21.
  • the branch passage 22 is between the pump 24 and the radiator 26 and is provided with a thermostat 25. Are branched off from the circulation passage 21 at a branch point 29 where the first and second are disposed, and merge again into the circulation passage 21 at a branch point 29 between the radiator 26 and the engine 3.
  • the pump 24 pumps the coolant that has passed through the engine 23, and the thermostat 25 adjusts the amount of coolant flowing into either the radiator side or the branch passage side according to the temperature of the coolant according to the temperature of the coolant.
  • the coolant passing through the thermostat 25 and flowing into the radiator side passes through the radiator 26 and is cooled by exchanging heat with the traveling wind by the traveling of the vehicle or the air flow by the fan (not shown), and is sent to the engine 23.
  • the cooling water that has passed through 25 and flowed into the branch passage side is sent to the engine via the branch point 29 without passing through the radiator 26.
  • the thermostat 25 flows the cooling water to the branch passage side without flowing it to the radiator side, and the temperature of the cooling water has a predetermined first temperature. If the temperature is higher than the set temperature, the cooling water is allowed to flow to the radiator without flowing to the branch passage, and the amount of cooling water flowing to the radiator and the amount of cooling water flowing to the branch passage are adjusted according to the temperature of the cooling water.
  • a predetermined first set temperature for example, 90 ° C.
  • the thermostat 25 flows the cooling water to the branch passage side without flowing it to the radiator side, and the temperature of the cooling water has a predetermined first temperature. If the temperature is higher than the set temperature, the cooling water is allowed to flow to the radiator without flowing to the branch passage, and the amount of cooling water flowing to the radiator and the amount of cooling water flowing to the branch passage are adjusted according to the temperature of the cooling water.
  • the pump 24 is driven by the engine 23, it may be driven by other driving means such as an electric motor.
  • the cooling water passing through the engine 23 is not high temperature either, so the cooling water flows through the branch passage 22 without flowing to the radiator side to the engine 23 again. Flow into.
  • the cooling water is also at a high temperature, the cooling water flows to the radiator side and is cooled by the radiator 26, and then flows again to the engine 23 to cool the engine 23.
  • the engine coolant circuit system 3 has a heater core 28 which is a heat exchange for warming the vehicle interior space.
  • the heater core 28 is a heat exchanger that heats the passenger compartment space by exchanging heat with cooling water warmed by waste heat of the engine 23 and air in the space where the heater core 28 is installed.
  • the heater core 28 is engine cooling water It is disposed on the circulation passage 21 of the system 3 and between the engine 23 and the branch passage 22.
  • the heater core 28 is disposed on the circulation passage 21 of the engine cooling water system 3.
  • a switching valve is provided at a branch point branched from the circulation passage 21 to control to flow the cooling water to the heater core side or to flow to the circulation passage side without flowing to the heater core side.
  • the heater 11 disposed in the Rankine cycle circuit 10 is a heater 11 disposed also in the branch passage 22 of the engine coolant circuit 20, and working fluid circulating in the Rankine cycle circuit 10, and engine coolant
  • the heater 11 performs heat exchange with cooling water circulating in the circuit 20.
  • the Rankine cycle system 2 recovers the engine waste heat via the cooling water circulating through the engine cooling water circuit 20, and converts it into electric power or rotational driving force for assisting the engine 23.
  • the working fluid pump 14 disposed in the Rankine cycle circuit 10 is driven when the temperature of the cooling water immediately before passing through the heater 11 becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined second set temperature (for example, 85 ° C.). Is controlled so as to stop when the temperature of the cooling water immediately before passing through becomes lower than a predetermined second set temperature.
  • a predetermined second set temperature for example, 85 ° C.
  • the refrigeration cycle system 4 is used for an air conditioning system mounted in a vehicle, and the compressor 31 driven by the engine 23 or driven by an electric motor to compress the refrigerant, and the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 31 is the outside air
  • the radiator 32 as a condenser that condenses by heat exchange
  • the expansion valve 33 as a decompression device that decompresses the refrigerant after condensing heat by exchanging heat with the outside air with the radiator 32, and cooling the air inside the vehicle compartment
  • the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 is provided with an evaporator 34 for sequentially exchanging the heat of the refrigerant decompressed by the expansion valve 33 with the air in the vehicle compartment.
  • the radiator 32 as a condenser is used.
  • the refrigerant is carbon dioxide
  • a carbon dioxide refrigerant does not condense, so a carbon dioxide refrigerant is used instead of the condenser 32 as a condenser. It may be a radiator that dissipates heat.
  • the operation of the refrigeration cycle system 4 is performed by turning on the switch of the air conditioning system (not shown) by the vehicle user, and in the case where the compressor 31 is operated by driving the engine 23, for example, the engine 23 and the compressor
  • An electromagnetic clutch (not shown) disposed between 31 transmits the drive of the engine 23 to the compressor 31 and drives the compressor 31 when the air conditioning system is turned on.
  • the electric motor operates to drive the compressor 31 by turning on the switch of the air conditioning system.
  • the vehicle waste heat recovery system 1 has a heat exchanger 27 that exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing in the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 and the cooling water flowing in the engine cooling water circuit 20.
  • the heat exchanger 27 is disposed between the compressor 31 and the radiator 32 of the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 and downstream of the heater of the branch passage 22 of the engine cooling water circuit 20. The heat of the refrigerant discharged from the heat source 31 to a high temperature is transferred to the cooling water through the heat exchanger 27.
  • the heat exchanger 27 performing heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing in the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 and the cooling water flowing in the engine cooling water circuit 20, and the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 31
  • a radiator 32 as a condenser for condensing the heat by exchanging heat with the outside air is disposed.
  • the radiator 32 is necessarily disposed. You do not have to.
  • the pump 24 is driven to circulate coolant through the engine coolant circuit 20. Since the temperature of the cooling water is low at the start of the engine and the temperature of the cooling water passing immediately before the thermostat 25 is less than the first set temperature (90 ° C.), the cooling water flows into the branch passage side not the radiator side by the thermostat 25 Then, after passing through the heater 11 and the heat exchanger 27, it flows into the engine 23 again and circulates in the engine coolant circuit 20. Since the temperature of the cooling water is lower than that of the summer time when the outside air is cold, such as when the engine is started in winter, the temperature of the engine 23 is not warmed by the low temperature cooling water, and the warm-up time of the engine 23 is It will be. Further, since the low temperature cooling water also flows through the heater core 28 for heating the vehicle interior space, the vehicle interior space can not be warmed.
  • the switch of the air conditioning system is turned on when the driver determines that warm-up is to be promoted.
  • the compressor 31 is driven, the high temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor 31 flows into the heat exchanger 27, and the high temperature refrigerant still exchanges heat with the low temperature cooling water to cool it.
  • the temperature of the water is raised, and the cooling water whose temperature has been raised by the heat exchanger 27 flows back into the engine 23 to promote warm-up of the engine 23. Further, the cooling water whose temperature has been raised by the heat exchanger 27 also flows into the heater core 28 to promote heating of the passenger compartment space.
  • the warm air of the engine 23 is promoted, the temperature of the cooling water rises, and when the temperature of the cooling water just before passing through the heater 11 reaches the second set temperature (85 ° C.), the working fluid pump 14 is driven to operate The fluid circulates through the Rankine cycle circuit 10 to operate the Rankine cycle system 2, and the expander 21 is driven to generate power.
  • the heat of the cooling water is transferred to the working fluid in the heater 11, so the temperature of the cooling water after passing through the heater decreases.
  • the heat exchanger 27 is disposed on the heater downstream side of the branch passage 22 of the engine coolant circuit 20, the cooling water whose temperature has dropped after passing through the heater is the heat exchanger 27. In order to recover heat from the high temperature discharged refrigerant, even when the Rankine cycle system 2 is operated, it is possible to promote warm-up of the engine and heating of the vehicle interior space in winter.
  • the control device 5 stops driving the working fluid pump 14 because the Rankine output is insufficient.
  • a second embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 and FIG.
  • the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that in the second embodiment, a bypass passage 35 for bypassing the heat exchanger 27 is provided between the compressor 31 and the radiator 32 of the refrigeration cycle circuit 30,
  • the first embodiment is that there is no bypass 35, and the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment denote the same components, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the refrigeration cycle system 4 includes the compressor 31 and the heat exchanger 27 of the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 common to the refrigeration cycle circuit 4 of the first embodiment, the heat exchanger 27 and the radiator 32.
  • a bypass valve 35 as a switching device for switching the flow of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 31 to the heat exchanger side or the bypass path side.
  • the switching valve 36 is disposed at the compressor side connection of the bypass passage 35 (the connection between the compressor and the heat exchanger).
  • the switching valve 36 is disposed at the compressor side connection portion of the bypass passage 35, but the switching valve 36 is the radiator side connection portion of the bypass passage 35 (between the heat exchanger and the radiator). It may be disposed at the connection with the passage).
  • the switching device is the switching valve 36.
  • the switching device is provided with an open / close valve on each of the bypass road and the refrigeration cycle circuit in which the heat exchanger 27 to be bypassed is disposed.
  • the flow of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 31 may be switched to the heat exchanger side or the bypass path side.
  • the heat exchanger 27 performing heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing in the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 and the cooling water flowing in the engine cooling water circuit 20 and the compressor 31 compress the refrigerant.
  • a radiator 32 as a condenser for condensing the refrigerant by heat exchange with the outside air is disposed in the refrigeration cycle circuit 30, but if the heat exchanger 27 is disposed, the radiator 32 is not necessarily disposed. It does not have to be set up.
  • the bypass passage 35 is connected between the compressor 31 and the heat exchanger 27 and between the heat exchanger 27 and the radiator 32 so as to be a heat.
  • the bypass passage 35 is connected between the compressor 31 and the heat exchanger 27 and between the expansion valve 33 and the radiator 32 to obtain the heat exchanger 27 and the radiator 32. It may be a heat exchanger that bypasses. That is, it may be a bypass that bypasses the heat exchanger 27.
  • the bypass path bypasses the heat exchanger 27, the compressor 31 and the heat exchanger 27 It may be a bypass that connects the space between the expansion valve 33 and the heat exchanger 27.
  • the operation of the switching valve 36 is performed by the controller 5 as follows. Provided between the heater 11 of the engine coolant circuit 20 and the heat exchanger 27 by the temperature T1 of the refrigerant discharged by a temperature sensor (not shown) provided between the compressor 31 of the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 and the switching valve 36 When the temperature T2 of the cooling water after passing through the heater is measured by the temperature sensor (not shown) and the temperature T1 of the discharged refrigerant exceeds the temperature T2 of the cooling water, the controller 5 switches the switching valve 36 to the heat exchanger side.
  • the refrigerant is switched to flow into the heat exchanger 27, and when the temperature T1 of the discharged refrigerant is equal to or lower than the temperature T2 of the cooling water, the control device 5 switches the switching valve 36 to the bypass passage side to flow the refrigerant into the bypass passage 35.
  • the pump 24 is driven to circulate coolant through the engine coolant circuit 20. Because the temperature of the coolant is low at the start of the engine and is lower than the first set temperature (90 ° C) of the coolant passing immediately before the thermostat 25, the coolant flows into the branch passage instead of the radiator by the thermostat 25 After passing through the heater 11 and the heat exchanger 27, it flows into the engine 23 again and circulates in the engine coolant circuit 20. Since the temperature of the cooling water is lower than that of the summer time when the outside air is cold, such as when the engine is started in winter, the temperature of the engine 23 is not warmed by the low temperature cooling water, and the warm-up time of the engine 23 is It will be. Further, since the low temperature cooling water also flows through the heater core 28 for heating the vehicle interior space, the vehicle interior space can not be warmed.
  • the switch of the air conditioning system is turned on when the driver determines that warm-up is to be promoted.
  • the switch of the air conditioning system is turned on, the compressor 31 is driven, and the high temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor 31 circulates in the refrigeration cycle circuit 30.
  • the temperature T1 of the discharged refrigerant exceeds the cooling water temperature T2 after passing through the heater
  • the switching valve 36 switches the discharged refrigerant to flow to the heat exchanger side, and the high temperature discharged refrigerant exchanges heat with the cooling water whose temperature is still low to raise the temperature of the cooling water, and the temperature rises by the heat exchanger 27
  • the cooling water again flows into the engine 23 to promote warm-up of the engine 23. Further, the cooling water whose temperature has been raised by the heat exchanger 27 also flows into the heater core 28 to promote heating of the passenger compartment space.
  • the refrigeration cycle system 4 Since the temperature of the indoor space in winter is lower than that in summer, the refrigeration cycle system 4 operates at a low load, so the temperature of the cooling water is raised by the heat exchanger 27 and the warm air of the engine 23 and the interior space of the vehicle When heating is promoted, the coolant temperature T2 after passing through the heater rises, the temperature T1 of the discharged refrigerant becomes equal to or lower than the coolant temperature T2, and the switching valve 36 switches so that the discharged refrigerant flows to the bypass passage side. .
  • the temperature of the discharged refrigerant can be prevented from rising by the heat exchanger 27, so that the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle system 4 is suppressed from decreasing There is an effect that can be done.
  • the heat exchanger 27 in the engine coolant circuit 20 is disposed downstream of the heater 11, the heat exchanger 27 in the engine coolant circuit 20 and Since the temperature difference between the cooling water having passed through the heater 11 and the high temperature discharge refrigerant can be secured compared to the case where the heater 11 is disposed in the reverse, the heat exchange in the heat exchanger 27 is performed. It has the effect of improving the efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a vehicular waste heat recovery system that enables quick warming-up of an engine in conditions where the outside air is cold. [Solution] A vehicular waste heat recovery system 1 is characterized in that a heat exchanger 27 that performs heat exchange between cooling water flowing through an engine cooling water circuit 20 and a refrigerant flowing through a refrigeration cycle circuit 30 is provided between a compressor 31 and a heat radiator 32 in the refrigeration cycle circuit 30.

Description

車両用廃熱回収装置Waste heat recovery system for vehicles
　本発明は、作動流体を循環させる冷媒ポンプと、前記冷媒ポンプによって送られてきた作動流体を車両のエンジンの廃熱によって加熱する加熱器と、前記加熱器によって加熱されて気化した作動流体を膨張させて出力を発生する膨張機と、前記膨張機によって膨張された作動流体を凝縮させるランキン用凝縮器とを有するランキンサイクルを備えた車両用廃熱回収装置に関する。 The present invention comprises a refrigerant pump for circulating a working fluid, a heater for heating the working fluid sent by the refrigerant pump by waste heat of a vehicle engine, and expanding a working fluid heated and vaporized by the heater. The present invention relates to a waste heat recovery apparatus for a vehicle including a Rankine cycle having an expander that generates an output and a Rankine condenser that condenses a working fluid expanded by the expander.
　従来技術として、特許文献１に開示されエンジンの廃熱を利用してエネルギーを生成する廃熱回生システムが知られている。このエンジンの廃熱を利用する廃熱回生システムは、　冷凍サイクルの廃熱をランキンサイクルに利用するため、内燃機関が発生する熱を冷却水により冷却する内燃機関冷却システムと、冷媒を圧縮するコンプレッサと、前記コンプレッサにより圧縮された高温高圧の冷媒を凝縮させて液化する熱交換器と、前記熱交換器によって液化した冷媒を膨張させることにより気化させる膨張弁と、前記気化された冷媒により空気を冷却するエバポレータと、前記コンプレッサによって圧縮された冷媒とランキンサイクルシステムの媒体とで熱交換を行う熱交換器と、を備える冷凍サイクルシステムと、前記冷却水の熱によって媒体を気化させる蒸発器と、前記気化された媒体によりエネルギーを発生させる膨張器と、前記気化された媒体を凝縮して液化させる凝縮器と、前記液化された媒体を前記熱交換器へと送るポンプと、を備えるランキンサイクルシステムとを備えた廃熱回生システムである。 As a prior art, the waste-heat regeneration system which is disclosed by patent document 1 and produces | generates energy using the waste heat of an engine is known. The waste heat recovery system using the waste heat of the engine is an internal combustion engine cooling system that cools the heat generated by the internal combustion engine with cooling water to use the waste heat of the refrigeration cycle for the Rankine cycle, and a compressor that compresses the refrigerant A heat exchanger for condensing and liquefying the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor, an expansion valve for vaporizing the refrigerant liquefied by the heat exchanger and expanding the air by the vaporized refrigerant A refrigeration cycle system comprising an evaporator for cooling, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant compressed by the compressor and the medium of the Rankine cycle system, an evaporator for evaporating the medium by the heat of the cooling water, An expander for generating energy by the vaporized medium, and condensing the vaporized medium A condenser for reduction, a waste heat regeneration system comprising a Rankine cycle system and a pump for sending and the liquefied medium to the heat exchanger.
　また、特許文献２には、特許文献１と同様に、エンジンの廃熱を利用してエネルギーを生成する廃熱回生システムであって、冷凍サイクルの廃熱をランキンサイクルに利用するため、冷凍サイクルの吐出冷媒とランキンサイクルの作動流体とを熱交換させるエアコン熱交換器（第一熱交換器）と、ランキンサイクルにおける前記熱交換器の下流側の作動流体と膨張機下流熱側の作動流体とを熱交換させる内部熱交換器と、エンジンの廃熱を利用して作動流体を加熱するボイラを設けたランキンサイクルを備えた廃熱回生システムが開示されている。 Further, Patent Document 2 is a waste heat regeneration system that generates energy using waste heat of an engine as in Patent Document 1, and in order to use waste heat of a refrigeration cycle for a Rankine cycle, a refrigeration cycle An air conditioner heat exchanger (first heat exchanger) for heat exchange between the discharged refrigerant and the working fluid of the Rankine cycle, the working fluid downstream of the heat exchanger in the Rankine cycle, and the working fluid downstream of the expander A waste heat recovery system is disclosed that includes an internal heat exchanger that exchanges heat and a Rankine cycle provided with a boiler that heats a working fluid using engine waste heat.
　また、特許文献３には、特許文献１と同様に、エンジン廃熱を利用してエネルギーを生成する廃熱回収システムであって、冷凍サイクルの廃熱を利用するため、冷凍サイクルの吐出冷媒とランキンサイクルの作動流体とを熱交換させる熱交換器と、エンジンの廃熱を利用して作動流体を加熱するボイラを設けたランキンサイクルと、前記熱交換器の下流側にコンデンサを設けた冷凍サイクルとを備えた廃熱回収システムが開示されている。 Further, Patent Document 3 is a waste heat recovery system that generates energy using engine waste heat as in Patent Document 1, and in order to use waste heat of the refrigeration cycle, it is possible to use refrigerant discharged from the refrigeration cycle. A heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the working fluid of the Rankine cycle, a Rankine cycle provided with a boiler for heating the working fluid using engine waste heat, and a refrigeration cycle provided with a condenser downstream of the heat exchanger And a waste heat recovery system is disclosed.
特開２００９－２０４２０４号JP 2009-204204 特開２０１１－８５０２５号JP 2011-85025 特開２００５－３２９８４３号JP 2005-329843
　このような従来技術の対応は、エンジンの廃熱及び冷凍サイクルの廃熱を利用してエネルギーを回収するランキンシステムであるが、これらのランキンシステムの運転は、エンジンの廃熱を利用する、すなわち、エンジンから熱を回収して運転するため、冬の時期などのような外気が寒い状況においてエンジンを始動させる場合には、エンジンが暖まりにくいことからランキンシステムをすみやかに運転させることができないという問題があった。　また、同様に、冬の時期などのような外気が寒い状況において、エンジンが十分に暖気されてからランキンシステムを運転させると、ランキンシステムがエンジン冷却水を介してエンジンの熱を回収することから、車両室内空間を除湿暖房させる場合には、暖房に用いるエンジン冷却水の温度が十分に上がらず暖房能力が不足してしまうという問題もあり、従来技術のランキンシステムを備えた廃熱回収システムにおいては、冬の時期におけるエンジンの暖気、および、室内暖房について、十分に考慮されているとは言えなかった。 Such prior art measures are Rankine systems that recover energy using engine waste heat and refrigeration cycle waste heat, but the operation of these Rankine systems utilizes engine waste heat, that is, The problem is that the Rankin system can not be operated promptly because the engine does not warm up easily when starting the engine in cold weather conditions such as winter season in order to recover heat from the engine for operation. was there. Also, similarly, in a cold environment where the outside air is cold such as winter season, when the Rankine system is operated after the engine is sufficiently warmed up, the Rankine system recovers the heat of the engine through the engine cooling water. When dehumidifying and heating the vehicle interior space, there is also a problem that the temperature of the engine cooling water used for heating does not rise sufficiently and the heating capacity is insufficient. In a waste heat recovery system equipped with a prior art Rankine system It can not be said that the warmth of the engine and the indoor heating in the winter season are sufficiently considered.
　本発明は、上記の従来技術の課題を解決するものであり、冬の時期などのような外気が寒い状況においても、エンジンの暖気を速やかに行うことができると共に、エンジンの暖気後にランキンシステムを運転させてランキンシステムでエンジン冷却水の熱を回収しても、冷凍サイクルからの廃熱をエンジン冷却水へ供給することにより、車両室内空間を除湿暖房させる場合に暖房能力の不足を補えることができる、車両用廃熱回収システムを提供するものである。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and can warm up the engine quickly even when the outside air is cold such as winter season, and the Rankine system can be used after the engine warms up. Even if it is operated and the heat of engine cooling water is recovered by the Rankine system, the shortage of heating capacity can be compensated when dehumidifying and heating the vehicle interior space by supplying the waste heat from the refrigeration cycle to the engine cooling water. To provide a waste heat recovery system for vehicles.
　上記の目的を達成するために、請求項１の発明は、エンジンの廃熱を利用して作動流体を加熱する加熱器と、前記加熱器を経由した作動流体を膨張させて動力を発生する膨張機と、前記膨張機を経由した作動流体を凝縮させるランキン用凝縮器と、前記ランキン用凝縮器を経由した作動流体を前記加熱器へ送出する作動流体ポンプを順次配設したランキンサイクル回路を有するランキンサイクルシステムと、前記加熱器とエンジンとを経由して冷却水がポンプを介して循環するエンジン冷却水回路を有するエンジン冷却水システムと、冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を放熱する熱交換器と、前記放熱器で外気と熱交換された後の冷媒を減圧する減圧装置と、減圧された冷媒を加熱する蒸発器を順次配設した冷凍サイクル回路を有する冷凍サイクルシステムとを備え、前記熱交換器は、前記エンジン冷却水回路を流れる冷却水と前記冷凍サイクル回路を流れる冷媒との熱交換を行う熱交換器であって、前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記加熱器と前記エンジンとの間に配設した車両用廃熱回収システムである。 In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is a heater for heating a working fluid by using waste heat of an engine, and expansion for generating power by expanding the working fluid via the heater. And a Rankine condenser for condensing the working fluid via the expander, and a Rankine cycle circuit including a working fluid pump for sequentially delivering a working fluid via the Rankin condenser to the heater. The engine cooling water system having a Rankine cycle system, an engine cooling water circuit in which cooling water circulates via a pump via the heater and the engine, a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, and compression by the compressor Refrigeration system in which a heat exchanger for radiating heat, a decompressor for decompressing the refrigerant after heat exchange with the outside air by the radiator, and an evaporator for heating the decompressed refrigerant are sequentially provided And a heat exchanger for heat exchange between the coolant flowing through the engine coolant circuit and the refrigerant flowing through the It is a waste heat recovery system for vehicles disposed between the heater and the engine in a water circuit.
　また、請求項２の発明は、請求項１の発明において、前記熱交換器は、前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記加熱器の下流側に配設した車両用廃熱回収システムである。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the waste heat recovery system for a vehicle according to the first aspect, wherein the heat exchanger is disposed downstream of the heater in the engine coolant circuit.
　また、請求項３の発明は、請求項１または２に記載の発明において、前記冷凍サイクルシステムは、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を外気と熱交換させる放熱器を前記熱交換器と前記減圧装置との間に配設した車両用廃熱回収システムである。 Also, in the invention according to claim 3, according to the invention described in claim 1 or 2, the refrigeration cycle system includes a radiator for causing the refrigerant compressed by the compressor to exchange heat with the outside air, the heat exchanger and the pressure reduction It is a waste heat recovery system for vehicles disposed between devices.
　また、請求項４の発明は、請求項３に記載の発明において、前記冷凍サイクル回路には、前記圧縮機と前記熱交換器との間と前記熱交換器と前記減圧装置との間とを接続して前記熱交換器をバイパスするバイパス路と、冷媒の流れを前記熱交換器側または前記パイパス路側に切換える切換装置とが配設されている車両用廃熱回収システムである。 Also, in the invention according to claim 4, in the invention according to claim 3, the refrigeration cycle circuit includes between the compressor and the heat exchanger, and between the heat exchanger and the pressure reducing device. It is a waste heat recovery system for vehicles provided with the bypass way which connects and bypasses the said heat exchanger, and the switching apparatus which switches the flow of a refrigerant | coolant to the said heat exchanger side or the said bypass path side.
　また、請求項５の発明は、請求項４に記載の発明において、前記切換装置は、前記バイパス路の接続部に設けられた切換弁である車両用廃熱回収システムである。 The invention according to claim 5 is the waste heat recovery system for a vehicle according to the invention according to claim 4, wherein the switching device is a switching valve provided at a connection portion of the bypass passage.
　また、請求項６の発明は、請求項４または５のいずれかに記載の発明において、前記冷凍サイクル回路における前記圧縮機の吐出側の吐出冷媒温度が、前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記熱交換器の入口側の冷却水温度より高い場合に、前記切換装置は前記熱交換器側に冷媒を流し、前記圧縮機の吐出側の吐出冷媒温度が、前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記熱交換器の入口側の冷却水温度以下の場合に、前記切換装置は前記バイパス路側に冷媒を流すように制御される車両用廃熱回収システムである。 The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the discharge refrigerant temperature on the discharge side of the compressor in the refrigeration cycle circuit is the heat exchanger in the engine cooling water circuit. When the temperature is higher than the temperature of the cooling water on the inlet side of the engine, the switching device flows the refrigerant to the heat exchanger side, and the temperature of the discharged refrigerant on the discharge side of the compressor is the inlet of the heat exchanger in the engine cooling water circuit. The switching device is a vehicular waste heat recovery system in which the switching device is controlled to flow the refrigerant to the side of the bypass road when the temperature is equal to or lower than the cooling water temperature on the side.
　本発明によれば、冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を放熱する熱交換器と、前記放熱器で外気と熱交換された後の冷媒を減圧する減圧装置と、減圧された冷媒を加熱する蒸発器を順次配設した冷凍サイクル回路を有する冷凍サイクルシステムとを備え、前記熱交換器は、前記エンジン冷却水回路を流れる冷却水と前記冷凍サイクル回路を流れる冷媒との熱交換を行う熱交換器であって、前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記加熱器と前記エンジンとの間に配設したので、冷凍サイクルシステムにおける圧縮機の運転により圧縮された冷媒の熱をエンジン冷却水回路を流れる冷却水に供給することができるため、冬の時期などのような外気が寒い状況において、エンジンの暖気を速やかに行うことができる。また、エンジンの暖気後にランキンサイクルシステムを運転させてエンジン冷却水回路を流れる冷却水の熱を回収しても、冷凍サイクルシステムにおける圧縮機の運転により圧縮された冷媒の熱をエンジン冷却水回路を流れる冷却水へ供給することにより、車両室内空間を除湿暖房させる場合に暖房能力の不足を補えることができる、という利点がある。 According to the present invention, there are provided a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, a heat exchanger for radiating the refrigerant compressed by the compressor, and a pressure reducing device for decompressing the refrigerant after heat exchange with the outside air by the radiator. And a refrigeration cycle system having a refrigeration cycle circuit in which evaporators for heating the decompressed refrigerant are sequentially disposed, wherein the heat exchanger includes cooling water flowing through the engine coolant circuit and refrigerant flowing through the refrigeration cycle circuit. The heat exchanger performs heat exchange between the heater and the engine in the engine coolant circuit, and the heat of the refrigerant compressed by the operation of the compressor in the refrigeration cycle system is the engine. Since the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circuit can be supplied, warm-up of the engine can be promptly performed in a situation where the outside air is cold such as winter season. Also, even if the Rankine cycle system is operated after engine warm-up to recover the heat of the cooling water flowing through the engine cooling water circuit, the heat of the refrigerant compressed by the operation of the compressor in the refrigeration cycle system By supplying to the flowing cooling water, there is an advantage that the shortage of the heating capacity can be compensated when dehumidifying and heating the vehicle interior space.
　また、前記熱交換器は、前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記加熱器の下流側に配設したため、前記加熱器を通過することによって温度が下がったエンジン冷却水と高温の冷媒との温度差を確保して熱交換することができるので、熱交換効率が良くなるという利点がある。 Further, since the heat exchanger is disposed on the downstream side of the heater in the engine cooling water circuit, a temperature difference between the engine cooling water whose temperature is lowered by passing through the heater and the high temperature refrigerant is secured. Since the heat exchange can be performed, there is an advantage that the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
　また、前記冷凍サイクルシステムは、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を外気と熱交換させる放熱器を前記熱交換器と前記減圧装置との間に配設したので、前記熱交換器で放熱しきれない冷媒の熱を放熱器で放熱できるため、冷凍回路の効率が良くなるという利点がある。 In the refrigeration cycle system, a radiator for exchanging the refrigerant compressed by the compressor with the outside air is disposed between the heat exchanger and the pressure reducing device, so that the heat exchanger can dissipate the heat. There is an advantage that the efficiency of the refrigeration circuit is improved because the heat of the non-refrigerant can be dissipated by the radiator.
　前記冷凍サイクル回路には、前記圧縮機と前記熱交換器との間と前記熱交換器と前記減圧装置との間とを接続して前記熱交換器をバイパスするバイパス路と、冷媒の流れを前記熱交換器側または前記パイパス路側に切換える切換装置とが配設されているので、例えば、前記冷凍サイクル回路における前記圧縮機の吐出側の吐出冷媒温度が前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記熱交換器の入口側の冷却水温度以下の場合に、前記熱交器で熱交換してしまうことによって、エンジンの暖気が妨げられたり、冷凍回路システムの効率が下がってしまうことを抑制できるという利点がある。 The refrigeration cycle circuit includes a bypass path connecting the compressor and the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger, and the pressure reducing device to bypass the heat exchanger, and a refrigerant flow. Since the switching device for switching to the heat exchanger side or the bypass path side is disposed, for example, the temperature of the discharge refrigerant on the discharge side of the compressor in the refrigeration cycle circuit is the heat exchanger in the engine cooling water circuit In the case where the temperature is lower than the temperature of the cooling water on the inlet side of the valve, heat exchange with the heat exchanger can advantageously prevent the warm-up of the engine from being interrupted or the efficiency of the refrigeration circuit system from being lowered. .
　また、前記切換装置は、前記バイパス路の接続部に設けられた切換弁であるため、冷凍サイクル回路に切換弁を接続するのが容易であるという利点がある。 Further, since the switching device is a switching valve provided at the connection portion of the bypass path, there is an advantage that it is easy to connect the switching valve to the refrigeration cycle circuit.
　さらに、前記冷凍サイクル回路における前記圧縮機の吐出側の吐出冷媒温度が、前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記熱交換器の入口側の冷却水温度より高い場合に、前記切換装置は前記熱交換器側に冷媒を流し、前記圧縮機の吐出側の吐出冷媒温度が、前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記熱交換器の入口側の冷却水温度以下の場合に、前記切換装置は前記バイパス路側に冷媒を流すように制御されるため、例えば、冷凍サイクル回路における前記圧縮機の吐出側の吐出冷媒温度が、前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記熱交換器の入口側の冷却水温度以下の場合に前記熱交器で熱交換してしまうことによって、エンジンの暖気が妨げられたり、冷凍回路の効率が下がってしまうことを確実に抑制することができるという利点がある。 Furthermore, when the discharge refrigerant temperature on the discharge side of the compressor in the refrigeration cycle circuit is higher than the cooling water temperature on the inlet side of the heat exchanger in the engine cooling water circuit, the switching device is on the heat exchanger side And the switching device causes the refrigerant to flow to the bypass passage side when the discharge refrigerant temperature on the discharge side of the compressor is equal to or lower than the cooling water temperature on the inlet side of the heat exchanger in the engine cooling water circuit. To be controlled, for example, when the discharge refrigerant temperature on the discharge side of the compressor in the refrigeration cycle circuit is equal to or lower than the cooling water temperature on the inlet side of the heat exchanger in the engine cooling water circuit There is an advantage that it is possible to reliably suppress that the warm-up of the engine is disturbed or the efficiency of the refrigeration circuit is lowered by exchanging heat.
第１実施例である車両用廃熱回収システムの構成図Configuration diagram of the waste heat recovery system for a vehicle according to the first embodiment 第２実施例である車両用廃熱回収システムにおいての構成図Configuration diagram of waste heat recovery system for vehicle according to the second embodiment 第２実施例である車両用廃熱回収システムにおける冷媒の流れ（熱交換器側）を示す構成図The block diagram which shows the flow (heat exchanger side) of the refrigerant | coolant in the waste-heat-recovery system for vehicles which is 2nd Example 第２実施例である車両用廃熱回収システムにおける冷媒の流れ（バイパス路側）を示す構成図The block diagram which shows the flow (bypass side) of the refrigerant in the waste heat recovery system for vehicles which is the 2nd example 第１実施例と第２実施例である車両用廃熱回収システムの制御のフローチャート図Flow chart of control of waste heat recovery system for vehicle according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment 第２実施例の切換弁のフローチャート図Flow chart of the switching valve of the second embodiment
　次に、図１、図５に基づいて本発明の第１実施例を説明する。
　図１は、本発明の実施例である車両用廃熱回収システム１の構成を示す図であり、本発明の廃熱回収システムは車両のエンジンから廃熱を回収する車両用廃熱回収システム１である。車両用廃熱回収システム１は、ランキンサイクルシステム２とエンジン冷却水システム３と冷凍サイクルシステム４とを備え、また、車両用廃熱回収システム１は制御装置５を有している。制御装置５はランキンサイクルシステム２、冷凍サイクルシステム４の各システムの制御を行っている。 Next, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG. 1 and FIG.
FIG. 1 is a view showing the configuration of a vehicle waste heat recovery system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the waste heat recovery system of the present invention recovers waste heat from a vehicle engine. It is. The vehicle waste heat recovery system 1 includes a Rankine cycle system 2, an engine cooling water system 3, and a refrigeration cycle system 4, and the vehicle waste heat recovery system 1 includes a controller 5. The control device 5 controls each of the Rankine cycle system 2 and the refrigeration cycle system 4.
　ランキンサイクルシステム２は、エンジンの廃熱を回収して、電力、または、エンジンをアシストする回転駆動力に変換するシステムであり、循環する作動流体を後述するエンジン２３の冷却水を介して加熱する加熱器１１と、加熱器１１を経由した作動流体を膨張させて動力を発生する膨張機１２と、膨張機１２を経由した作動流体を凝縮させるランキン用凝縮器１３と、ランキン用凝縮器１３を経由した作動流体を加熱器１１へ送出する作動流体ポンプ１４を順次配設したランキンサイクル回路１０を備えている。 The Rankine cycle system 2 is a system that recovers the waste heat of the engine and converts it into electric power or a rotational driving force that assists the engine, and heats the circulating working fluid via the coolant of the engine 23 described later. A heater 11; an expander 12 for expanding the working fluid via the heater 11 to generate power; a Rankine condenser 13 for condensing the working fluid via the expansion machine 12; and a Rankine condenser 13 There is provided a Rankine cycle circuit 10 in which a working fluid pump 14 for delivering the working fluid passed through to the heater 11 is sequentially disposed.
　エンジン冷却水システム３は、車両に搭載された内燃機関であるエンジン２３を冷却するためのシステムであり、エンジン２３を冷却する冷却水が通過するエンジン２３、ポンプ２４、サーモスタット２５、ラジエータ２６を順次配設した循環路２１と、循環路２１の中間に配設された分岐通路２２を備えたエンジン冷却水回路２０を有し、分岐通路２２はポンプ２４とラジエータ２６との間であってサーモスタット２５が配設されている分岐点２９で循環路２１から分岐し、再び、ラジエータ２６とエンジン３の間の分岐点２９で循環路２１に合流する。
  The engine cooling water system 3 is a system for cooling the engine 23, which is an internal combustion engine mounted in a vehicle, and sequentially passes through the engine 23, the pump 24, the thermostat 25, and the radiator 26 through which cooling water for cooling the engine 23 passes. The engine cooling water circuit 20 is provided with a circulation passage 21 disposed and a branch passage 22 disposed in the middle of the circulation passage 21. The branch passage 22 is between the pump 24 and the radiator 26 and is provided with a thermostat 25. Are branched off from the circulation passage 21 at a branch point 29 where the first and second are disposed, and merge again into the circulation passage 21 at a branch point 29 between the radiator 26 and the engine 3.
　ポンプ２４はエンジン２３を通過した冷却水を圧送し、サーモスタット２５はポンプ２４から圧送された冷却水を冷却水の温度によりラジエータ側または分岐通路側のいずれかへ流れ込む冷却水の量を調整する。サーモスタット２５を通過してラジエータ側へ流れ込んだ冷却水はラジエータ２６を通過することにより、車両の走行による走行風や図示しないファンによる送風と熱交換して冷却された後にエンジン２３に送られ、サーモスタット２５を通過して分岐通路側へ流れ込んだ冷却水はラジエータ２６を通過することなく分岐点２９を介してエンジンに送られる。例えば、サーモスタット２５は、冷却水の温度が所定の第１設定温度（例えば９０℃）未満の場合は冷却水をラジエータ側へ流すことなく分岐通路側へ流し、冷却水の温度が所定の第１設定温度以上の場合は冷却水を分岐通路側へ流すことなくラジエータ側へ流し、冷却水の温度に応じて、ラジエータ側へ流す冷却水の量と分岐通路側流す冷却水の量を調整する。尚、ポンプ２４はエンジン２３によって駆動するが、電動モータなどの他の駆動手段によって駆動されても構わない。 The pump 24 pumps the coolant that has passed through the engine 23, and the thermostat 25 adjusts the amount of coolant flowing into either the radiator side or the branch passage side according to the temperature of the coolant according to the temperature of the coolant. The coolant passing through the thermostat 25 and flowing into the radiator side passes through the radiator 26 and is cooled by exchanging heat with the traveling wind by the traveling of the vehicle or the air flow by the fan (not shown), and is sent to the engine 23. The cooling water that has passed through 25 and flowed into the branch passage side is sent to the engine via the branch point 29 without passing through the radiator 26. For example, when the temperature of the cooling water is less than a predetermined first set temperature (for example, 90 ° C.), the thermostat 25 flows the cooling water to the branch passage side without flowing it to the radiator side, and the temperature of the cooling water has a predetermined first temperature. If the temperature is higher than the set temperature, the cooling water is allowed to flow to the radiator without flowing to the branch passage, and the amount of cooling water flowing to the radiator and the amount of cooling water flowing to the branch passage are adjusted according to the temperature of the cooling water. Although the pump 24 is driven by the engine 23, it may be driven by other driving means such as an electric motor.
　従って、エンジン始動当初などのエンジン２３が十分に暖まっていない状態では、エンジン２３を通過する冷却水も高温ではないので、冷却水はラジエータ側へ流れることなく分岐通路２２を流れて再びエンジン２３へ流れ込む。一方、車両が登坂中であってエンジン２３が高回転で回転するような状態、夏場などでエンジン２３が始動してから十分に時間が経っているような状態ではエンジン２３が高温状態になっているため、冷却水も高温になっていることから、冷却水はラジエータ側へ流れてラジエータ２６で冷却された後、再びエンジン２３へ流れ込みエンジン２３を冷却する。 Therefore, when the engine 23 is not sufficiently warmed up, such as at the start of the engine, the cooling water passing through the engine 23 is not high temperature either, so the cooling water flows through the branch passage 22 without flowing to the radiator side to the engine 23 again. Flow into. On the other hand, when the vehicle is climbing a hill and the engine 23 is rotating at a high speed, or when the engine 23 starts sufficiently in summer, etc., and the engine 23 becomes sufficiently hot, the engine 23 becomes hot. Since the cooling water is also at a high temperature, the cooling water flows to the radiator side and is cooled by the radiator 26, and then flows again to the engine 23 to cool the engine 23.
　また、エンジン冷却水回路システム３は車室内空間を温めるための熱交換であるヒータコア２８を有している。ヒータコア２８は、エンジン２３の廃熱により暖まった冷却水とヒータコア２８が設置された空間の空気と熱交換することによって車室内空間の暖房を行う熱交換器であって、ヒータコア２８はエンジン冷却水システム３の循環路２１上であってエンジン２３と分岐通路２２の間に配設されている。本実施例では、ヒータコア２８はエンジン冷却水システム３の循環路２１上に配設されているが、循環路２１から分岐して再び循環路２１に合流する通路上にヒータコアを配設しても構わない。尚、その場合は、循環路２１から分岐する分岐点に切換弁を設けて冷却水をヒータコア側に流したり、ヒータコア側に流さず循環路側に流す選択を行う制御を行う。 In addition, the engine coolant circuit system 3 has a heater core 28 which is a heat exchange for warming the vehicle interior space. The heater core 28 is a heat exchanger that heats the passenger compartment space by exchanging heat with cooling water warmed by waste heat of the engine 23 and air in the space where the heater core 28 is installed. The heater core 28 is engine cooling water It is disposed on the circulation passage 21 of the system 3 and between the engine 23 and the branch passage 22. In the present embodiment, the heater core 28 is disposed on the circulation passage 21 of the engine cooling water system 3. However, even if the heater core is disposed on a passage that branches from the circulation passage 21 and joins the circulation passage 21 again. I do not care. In that case, a switching valve is provided at a branch point branched from the circulation passage 21 to control to flow the cooling water to the heater core side or to flow to the circulation passage side without flowing to the heater core side.
　ランキンサイクル回路１０に配設されている加熱器１１はエンジン冷却水回路２０の分岐通路２２にも配設されている加熱器１１であり、ランキンサイクル回路１０を循環する作動流体と、エンジン冷却水回路２０を循環する冷却水との熱交換を行う加熱器１１である。この加熱器１１によって、ランキンサイクルシステム２は、エンジン冷却水回路２０を循環する冷却水を介してエンジン廃熱を回収し、電力、または、エンジン２３をアシストする回転駆動力に変換する。また、ランキンサイクル回路１０に配設されている作動流体ポンプ１４は加熱器１１を通過する直前の冷却水の温度が所定の第２設定温度（例えば８５℃）以上になると駆動し、加熱器１１を通過する直前の冷却水の温度が所定の第２設定温度未満になると停止するように制御される。 The heater 11 disposed in the Rankine cycle circuit 10 is a heater 11 disposed also in the branch passage 22 of the engine coolant circuit 20, and working fluid circulating in the Rankine cycle circuit 10, and engine coolant The heater 11 performs heat exchange with cooling water circulating in the circuit 20. With this heater 11, the Rankine cycle system 2 recovers the engine waste heat via the cooling water circulating through the engine cooling water circuit 20, and converts it into electric power or rotational driving force for assisting the engine 23. In addition, the working fluid pump 14 disposed in the Rankine cycle circuit 10 is driven when the temperature of the cooling water immediately before passing through the heater 11 becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined second set temperature (for example, 85 ° C.). Is controlled so as to stop when the temperature of the cooling water immediately before passing through becomes lower than a predetermined second set temperature.
　冷凍サイクルシステム４は、車両に搭載された空調システムに用いられ、エンジン２３の駆動により、または、電動モータにより駆動して冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機３１と、圧縮機３１で圧縮された冷媒を外気と熱交換させることにより凝縮させる凝縮器としての放熱器３２と、放熱器３２で外気と熱交換して凝縮した後の冷媒を減圧する減圧装置としての膨張弁３３と、車室内の空気を冷却するために膨張弁３３で減圧された冷媒と車室内の空気とを熱交換する蒸発器３４を順次配設した冷凍サイクル回路３０とを備えている。尚、本実施例では凝縮器としての放熱器３２を使用しているが、例えば、冷媒が二酸化炭素の場合には二酸化炭素冷媒が凝縮しないため、凝縮器としての放熱器３２ではなく二酸化炭素冷媒を放熱させる放熱器であっても構わない。 The refrigeration cycle system 4 is used for an air conditioning system mounted in a vehicle, and the compressor 31 driven by the engine 23 or driven by an electric motor to compress the refrigerant, and the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 31 is the outside air The radiator 32 as a condenser that condenses by heat exchange, the expansion valve 33 as a decompression device that decompresses the refrigerant after condensing heat by exchanging heat with the outside air with the radiator 32, and cooling the air inside the vehicle compartment For this purpose, the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 is provided with an evaporator 34 for sequentially exchanging the heat of the refrigerant decompressed by the expansion valve 33 with the air in the vehicle compartment. In the present embodiment, the radiator 32 as a condenser is used. For example, when the refrigerant is carbon dioxide, a carbon dioxide refrigerant does not condense, so a carbon dioxide refrigerant is used instead of the condenser 32 as a condenser. It may be a radiator that dissipates heat.
　冷凍サイクルシステム４の稼働は車両利用者が図示しない空調システムのスイッチをオンすることにより行われ、圧縮機３１がエンジン２３の駆動によって動作する圧縮機３１の場合は、例えば、エンジン２３と圧縮機３１の間に配置された図示しない電磁クラッチが空調システムのスイッチのオンによってエンジン２３の駆動を圧縮機３１に伝え圧縮機３１が駆動する。圧縮機３１が電動モータによって動作する圧縮機３１の場合は、空調システムのスイッチのオンによって電動モータが動作して圧縮機３１が駆動する。 The operation of the refrigeration cycle system 4 is performed by turning on the switch of the air conditioning system (not shown) by the vehicle user, and in the case where the compressor 31 is operated by driving the engine 23, for example, the engine 23 and the compressor An electromagnetic clutch (not shown) disposed between 31 transmits the drive of the engine 23 to the compressor 31 and drives the compressor 31 when the air conditioning system is turned on. When the compressor 31 is operated by an electric motor, the electric motor operates to drive the compressor 31 by turning on the switch of the air conditioning system.
　さらに、車両用廃熱回収システム１は、冷凍サイクル回路３０を流れる冷媒とエンジン冷却水回路２０を流れる冷却水との熱交換を行う熱交換器２７を有している。この熱交換器２７は冷凍サイクル回路３０の圧縮機３１と放熱器３２との間であって、かつ、エンジン冷却水回路２０の分岐通路２２の加熱器下流側に配設されており、圧縮機３１から吐出されて高温になった冷媒の熱が熱交換器２７を介して冷却水に移動する。　 Furthermore, the vehicle waste heat recovery system 1 has a heat exchanger 27 that exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing in the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 and the cooling water flowing in the engine cooling water circuit 20. The heat exchanger 27 is disposed between the compressor 31 and the radiator 32 of the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 and downstream of the heater of the branch passage 22 of the engine cooling water circuit 20. The heat of the refrigerant discharged from the heat source 31 to a high temperature is transferred to the cooling water through the heat exchanger 27.
　尚、本実施例の冷凍サイクルシステム４においては、冷凍サイクル回路３０を流れる冷媒とエンジン冷却水回路２０を流れる冷却水との熱交換を行う熱交換器２７と、圧縮機３１で圧縮された冷媒を外気と熱交換させることにより凝縮させる凝縮器としての放熱器３２とが冷凍サイクル回路３０に配設されているが、熱交換器２７が配設されていれば放熱器３２は必ずしも配設されていなくてもよい。 In the refrigeration cycle system 4 of the present embodiment, the heat exchanger 27 performing heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing in the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 and the cooling water flowing in the engine cooling water circuit 20, and the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 31 In the refrigeration cycle circuit 30, a radiator 32 as a condenser for condensing the heat by exchanging heat with the outside air is disposed. However, if the heat exchanger 27 is disposed, the radiator 32 is necessarily disposed. You do not have to.
　次に本実施例の動作を説明する。エンジン始動によりポンプ２４が駆動し冷却水がエンジン冷却水回路２０を循環する。エンジン始動当初は冷却水の温度が低く、サーモスタット２５の直前を通過する冷却水の温度が第１設定温度（９０℃）未満のため、冷却水はサーモスタット２５によりラジエータ側ではなく分岐通路側に流入して、加熱器１１と熱交換器を２７通過した後、エンジン２３に再度流れ込んでエンジン冷却水回路２０を循環する。エンジン始動時が冬の時期などのような外気が寒い状況においては冷却水の温度が夏の時期に比べて低いことから、低い温度の冷却水によってエンジン２３が暖まらずエンジン２３の暖気に時間がかかることになる。また、車室内空間を温めるためのヒータコア２８にも低い温度の冷却水が流れるため車室内空間を温めることができない。 Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. When the engine is started, the pump 24 is driven to circulate coolant through the engine coolant circuit 20. Since the temperature of the cooling water is low at the start of the engine and the temperature of the cooling water passing immediately before the thermostat 25 is less than the first set temperature (90 ° C.), the cooling water flows into the branch passage side not the radiator side by the thermostat 25 Then, after passing through the heater 11 and the heat exchanger 27, it flows into the engine 23 again and circulates in the engine coolant circuit 20. Since the temperature of the cooling water is lower than that of the summer time when the outside air is cold, such as when the engine is started in winter, the temperature of the engine 23 is not warmed by the low temperature cooling water, and the warm-up time of the engine 23 is It will be. Further, since the low temperature cooling water also flows through the heater core 28 for heating the vehicle interior space, the vehicle interior space can not be warmed.
　そこで、エンジン２３の暖気に時間がかかるので運転者が暖気を促進したいと判断した場合に空調システムのスイッチをオンにする。空調システムのスイッチがオンにされると、圧縮機３１が駆動し、圧縮機３１から吐出された高温冷媒が熱交換器２７に流れ込み、高温冷媒がまだ温度の低い冷却水と熱交換して冷却水の温度を上昇させ、熱交換器２７により温度上昇した冷却水はエンジン２３に再び流れ込みエンジン２３の暖気が促進させる。また、熱交換器２７により温度上昇した冷却水はヒータコア２８にも流れ込み車室内空間の暖房を促進する。 Therefore, since it takes time to warm up the engine 23, the switch of the air conditioning system is turned on when the driver determines that warm-up is to be promoted. When the air conditioning system is switched on, the compressor 31 is driven, the high temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor 31 flows into the heat exchanger 27, and the high temperature refrigerant still exchanges heat with the low temperature cooling water to cool it. The temperature of the water is raised, and the cooling water whose temperature has been raised by the heat exchanger 27 flows back into the engine 23 to promote warm-up of the engine 23. Further, the cooling water whose temperature has been raised by the heat exchanger 27 also flows into the heater core 28 to promote heating of the passenger compartment space.
　エンジン２３の暖気が促進されて冷却水の温度が上昇し、加熱器１１を通過する直前の冷却水の温度が第２設定温度（８５℃）に達すると、作動流体ポンプ１４が駆動して作動流体がランキンサイクル回路１０を循環してランキンサイクルシステム２が稼働し、膨張機２１が駆動して動力を発生する。ここで、ランキンサイクルシステム２が稼働すると加熱器１１において冷却水の熱が作動流体に移動することから加熱器通過後の冷却水の温度は下がる。しかし、本実施例ではエンジン冷却水回路２０の分岐通路２２の加熱器下流側に熱交換器２７が配設されているので、加熱器通過後の温度の下がった冷却水は熱交換器２７で高温の吐出冷媒から熱を回収するため、ランキンサイクルシステム２が稼働する場合であってもエンジンの暖気と冬季における車室内空間の暖房を促進させることができる。 The warm air of the engine 23 is promoted, the temperature of the cooling water rises, and when the temperature of the cooling water just before passing through the heater 11 reaches the second set temperature (85 ° C.), the working fluid pump 14 is driven to operate The fluid circulates through the Rankine cycle circuit 10 to operate the Rankine cycle system 2, and the expander 21 is driven to generate power. Here, when the Rankine cycle system 2 is operated, the heat of the cooling water is transferred to the working fluid in the heater 11, so the temperature of the cooling water after passing through the heater decreases. However, in the present embodiment, since the heat exchanger 27 is disposed on the heater downstream side of the branch passage 22 of the engine coolant circuit 20, the cooling water whose temperature has dropped after passing through the heater is the heat exchanger 27. In order to recover heat from the high temperature discharged refrigerant, even when the Rankine cycle system 2 is operated, it is possible to promote warm-up of the engine and heating of the vehicle interior space in winter.
　尚、膨張機１２が回収する動力（ランキン出力）が不十分である場合、例えば、膨張機１２で回収した動力が電力に変換される場合はその電力が所定値に達しない場合、または、膨張機１２の上流側と下流側の圧力差が所定値に達しない場合は、制御装置５はランキン出力が不十分であるとして作動流体ポンプ１４の駆動を停止する。 If the power recovered by the expander 12 (rankin output) is insufficient, for example, if the power recovered by the expander 12 is converted to electric power, the power does not reach a predetermined value, or If the pressure difference between the upstream side and the downstream side of the machine 12 does not reach the predetermined value, the control device 5 stops driving the working fluid pump 14 because the Rankine output is insufficient.
　本発明の第２実施例を図２～図５、図６に基づいて説明する。第１実施例と第２実施例の相違は、第２実施例では冷凍サイクル回路３０の圧縮機３１と放熱器３２との間に熱交換器２７をバイパスするバイパス路３５を設けているが、第１実施例ではバイパス路３５が無い点であり、その他の構成は第１実施例と同じである。尚、第２実施例において第１実施例と同一の符号は同一の構成要素であるので、その詳細な説明は省略する。 A second embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 and FIG. The difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that in the second embodiment, a bypass passage 35 for bypassing the heat exchanger 27 is provided between the compressor 31 and the radiator 32 of the refrigeration cycle circuit 30, The first embodiment is that there is no bypass 35, and the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment denote the same components, so the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
　図２において、冷凍サイクルシステム４は、第１実施例の冷凍サイクル回路４と共通する冷凍サイクル回路３０の圧縮機３１と熱交換器２７との間と、熱交換器２７と放熱器３２との間とに接続して熱交換器２７をバイパスするバイパス路３５と、圧縮機３１から吐出された冷媒の流れを熱交換器側またはパイパス路側に切換える切換装置としての切換弁３６とを有しており、切換弁３６はバイパス路３５の圧縮機側接続部（圧縮機と熱交換器の間の通路との接続部）に配設されている。尚、本実施例では切換弁３６はバイパス路３５の圧縮機側接続部に配設されているが、切換弁３６はバイパス路３５の放熱器側接続部（熱交換器と放熱器の間の通路との接続部）に配設されていても構わない。また、本実施例では切換装置は切換弁３６であるが、切換装置は、例えば、バイパス路上と、バイパスされる熱交換器２７が配設された冷凍サイクル回路上とのそれぞれに開閉弁を設けて、圧縮機３１から吐出された冷媒の流れを熱交換器側またはパイパス路側に切換える形式でも構わない。 In FIG. 2, the refrigeration cycle system 4 includes the compressor 31 and the heat exchanger 27 of the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 common to the refrigeration cycle circuit 4 of the first embodiment, the heat exchanger 27 and the radiator 32. And a bypass valve 35 as a switching device for switching the flow of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 31 to the heat exchanger side or the bypass path side. The switching valve 36 is disposed at the compressor side connection of the bypass passage 35 (the connection between the compressor and the heat exchanger). In the present embodiment, the switching valve 36 is disposed at the compressor side connection portion of the bypass passage 35, but the switching valve 36 is the radiator side connection portion of the bypass passage 35 (between the heat exchanger and the radiator). It may be disposed at the connection with the passage). In the present embodiment, the switching device is the switching valve 36. For example, the switching device is provided with an open / close valve on each of the bypass road and the refrigeration cycle circuit in which the heat exchanger 27 to be bypassed is disposed. Alternatively, the flow of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 31 may be switched to the heat exchanger side or the bypass path side.
　また、尚、本実施例の冷凍サイクルシステム４においては、冷凍サイクル回路３０を流れる冷媒とエンジン冷却水回路２０を流れる冷却水との熱交換を行う熱交換器２７と、圧縮機３１で圧縮された冷媒を外気と熱交換させることにより凝縮させる凝縮器としての放熱器３２とが冷凍サイクル回路３０に配設されているが、熱交換器２７が配設されていれば放熱器３２は必ずしも配設されていなくてもよい。 Furthermore, in the refrigeration cycle system 4 of the present embodiment, the heat exchanger 27 performing heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing in the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 and the cooling water flowing in the engine cooling water circuit 20 and the compressor 31 compress the refrigerant. A radiator 32 as a condenser for condensing the refrigerant by heat exchange with the outside air is disposed in the refrigeration cycle circuit 30, but if the heat exchanger 27 is disposed, the radiator 32 is not necessarily disposed. It does not have to be set up.
　また、尚、本実施例の冷凍サイクルシステム４においては、バイパス路３５は、圧縮機３１と熱交換器２７との間と、熱交換器２７と放熱器３２との間とに接続して熱交換器２７をバイパスするが、バイパス路３５は、圧縮機３１と熱交換器２７との間と、膨張弁３３と放熱器３２との間とに接続して、熱交換器２７と放熱器３２とをバイパスする熱交換器であっても構わない。すなわち、熱交換器２７をバイパスするバイパス路であればよい。 Further, in the refrigeration cycle system 4 of the present embodiment, the bypass passage 35 is connected between the compressor 31 and the heat exchanger 27 and between the heat exchanger 27 and the radiator 32 so as to be a heat. Although the exchanger 27 is bypassed, the bypass passage 35 is connected between the compressor 31 and the heat exchanger 27 and between the expansion valve 33 and the radiator 32 to obtain the heat exchanger 27 and the radiator 32. It may be a heat exchanger that bypasses. That is, it may be a bypass that bypasses the heat exchanger 27.
　また、本実施例の冷凍サイクルシステム４において、放熱器３２が配設されていない場合においても同様に、熱交換器２７をバイパスするバイパス路であれば、圧縮機３１と熱交換器２７との間と、膨張弁３３と熱交換器２７との間とを接続するバイパス路でも構わない。 Further, in the refrigeration cycle system 4 of the present embodiment, even in the case where the radiator 32 is not provided, if the bypass path bypasses the heat exchanger 27, the compressor 31 and the heat exchanger 27 It may be a bypass that connects the space between the expansion valve 33 and the heat exchanger 27.
　切換弁３６の動作は制御装置５により次のように行われる。冷凍サイクル回路３０の圧縮機３１と切換弁３６との間に設けられた図示しない温度センサーにより吐出冷媒の温度Ｔ１と、エンジン冷却水回路２０の加熱器１１と熱交器２７の間に設けられた図示しない温度センサーにより加熱器通過後の冷却水の温度Ｔ２が測定され、吐出冷媒の温度Ｔ１が冷却水の温度Ｔ２を超えた場合に、制御装置５は切換弁３６を熱交換器側に切換えて冷媒を熱交換器２７に流し、吐出冷媒の温度Ｔ１が冷却水の温度Ｔ２以下の場合に、制御装置５は切換弁３６をバイパス路側に切換えて冷媒をバイパス路３５に流す。 The operation of the switching valve 36 is performed by the controller 5 as follows. Provided between the heater 11 of the engine coolant circuit 20 and the heat exchanger 27 by the temperature T1 of the refrigerant discharged by a temperature sensor (not shown) provided between the compressor 31 of the refrigeration cycle circuit 30 and the switching valve 36 When the temperature T2 of the cooling water after passing through the heater is measured by the temperature sensor (not shown) and the temperature T1 of the discharged refrigerant exceeds the temperature T2 of the cooling water, the controller 5 switches the switching valve 36 to the heat exchanger side. The refrigerant is switched to flow into the heat exchanger 27, and when the temperature T1 of the discharged refrigerant is equal to or lower than the temperature T2 of the cooling water, the control device 5 switches the switching valve 36 to the bypass passage side to flow the refrigerant into the bypass passage 35.
　次に本実施例の動作を説明する。エンジン始動によりポンプ２４が駆動し冷却水がエンジン冷却水回路２０を循環する。エンジン始動当初は冷却水の温度が低く、サーモスタット２５の直前を通過する冷却水の第１設定温度（９０℃）未満のため、冷却水はサーモスタット２５によりラジエータ側ではなく分岐通路側に流入して、加熱器１１と熱交換器２７を通過した後、エンジン２３に再度流れ込んでエンジン冷却水回路２０を循環する。エンジン始動時が冬の時期などのような外気が寒い状況においては冷却水の温度が夏の時期に比べて低いことから、低い温度の冷却水によってエンジン２３が暖まらずエンジン２３の暖気に時間がかかることになる。また、車室内空間を温めるためのヒータコア２８にも低い温度の冷却水が流れるため車室内空間を温めることができない。 Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. When the engine is started, the pump 24 is driven to circulate coolant through the engine coolant circuit 20. Because the temperature of the coolant is low at the start of the engine and is lower than the first set temperature (90 ° C) of the coolant passing immediately before the thermostat 25, the coolant flows into the branch passage instead of the radiator by the thermostat 25 After passing through the heater 11 and the heat exchanger 27, it flows into the engine 23 again and circulates in the engine coolant circuit 20. Since the temperature of the cooling water is lower than that of the summer time when the outside air is cold, such as when the engine is started in winter, the temperature of the engine 23 is not warmed by the low temperature cooling water, and the warm-up time of the engine 23 is It will be. Further, since the low temperature cooling water also flows through the heater core 28 for heating the vehicle interior space, the vehicle interior space can not be warmed.
　そこで、エンジン２３の暖気に時間がかかるので運転者が暖気を促進したいと判断した場合に空調システムのスイッチをオンにする。空調システムのスイッチがオンにされると、圧縮機３１が駆動し、圧縮機３１から吐出された高温冷媒が冷凍サイクル回路３０を循環する。エンジン始動時であるため加熱器通過後の冷却水温度Ｔ２が、吐出冷媒の温度Ｔ１より低い状態にあることから、吐出冷媒の温度Ｔ１が加熱器通過後の冷却水温度Ｔ２を超えているので切換弁３６は吐出冷媒を熱交換器側に流れるように切換り、高温の吐出冷媒がまだ温度の低い冷却水と熱交換して冷却水の温度を上昇させ、熱交換器２７により温度上昇した冷却水はエンジン２３に再び流れ込みエンジン２３の暖気が促進させる。また、熱交換器２７により温度上昇した冷却水はヒータコア２８にも流れ込み車室内空間の暖房を促進する。 Therefore, since it takes time to warm up the engine 23, the switch of the air conditioning system is turned on when the driver determines that warm-up is to be promoted. When the switch of the air conditioning system is turned on, the compressor 31 is driven, and the high temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor 31 circulates in the refrigeration cycle circuit 30. Since the engine start time is the cooling water temperature T2 after passing through the heater is lower than the temperature T1 of the discharged refrigerant, the temperature T1 of the discharged refrigerant exceeds the cooling water temperature T2 after passing through the heater The switching valve 36 switches the discharged refrigerant to flow to the heat exchanger side, and the high temperature discharged refrigerant exchanges heat with the cooling water whose temperature is still low to raise the temperature of the cooling water, and the temperature rises by the heat exchanger 27 The cooling water again flows into the engine 23 to promote warm-up of the engine 23. Further, the cooling water whose temperature has been raised by the heat exchanger 27 also flows into the heater core 28 to promote heating of the passenger compartment space.
　冬場は室内空間の温度は夏場に比べて低いので、冷凍サイクルシステム４にとっては低負荷の運転となるため、熱交換器２７により冷却水の温度が上昇してエンジン２３の暖気、車室内空間の暖房が促進されてくると加熱器通過後の冷却水温度Ｔ２が上昇してきて吐出冷媒の温度Ｔ１が冷却水温度Ｔ２以下になり、切換弁３６は吐出冷媒がバイパス通路側に流れるように切換る。吐出冷媒がバイパス通路側に流れて熱交換器２７には流れなくなるので吐出冷媒の温度が熱交換器２７によって上昇してしまうことが防止できるので冷凍サイクルシステム４の効率が下がってしまうことを抑制できる効果がある。 Since the temperature of the indoor space in winter is lower than that in summer, the refrigeration cycle system 4 operates at a low load, so the temperature of the cooling water is raised by the heat exchanger 27 and the warm air of the engine 23 and the interior space of the vehicle When heating is promoted, the coolant temperature T2 after passing through the heater rises, the temperature T1 of the discharged refrigerant becomes equal to or lower than the coolant temperature T2, and the switching valve 36 switches so that the discharged refrigerant flows to the bypass passage side. . Since the discharged refrigerant flows to the bypass passage side and does not flow to the heat exchanger 27, the temperature of the discharged refrigerant can be prevented from rising by the heat exchanger 27, so that the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle system 4 is suppressed from decreasing There is an effect that can be done.
　本発明の第１実施例、第２実施例では、エンジン冷却水回路２０における熱交換器２７は加熱器１１の下流側に配設されているため、エンジン冷却水回路２０における熱交換器２７と加熱器１１が逆に配設されている場合に比べて、加熱器１１を通過して温度の下がった冷却水と高温の吐出冷媒との温度差が確保できるので、熱交換器２７における熱交換効率が良くなるという効果を有する。 In the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention, since the heat exchanger 27 in the engine coolant circuit 20 is disposed downstream of the heater 11, the heat exchanger 27 in the engine coolant circuit 20 and Since the temperature difference between the cooling water having passed through the heater 11 and the high temperature discharge refrigerant can be secured compared to the case where the heater 11 is disposed in the reverse, the heat exchange in the heat exchanger 27 is performed. It has the effect of improving the efficiency.
１　車両用廃熱回収システム
２　ランキンサイクルシステム
３　エンジン冷却水システム
４　冷凍サイクルシステム
５　制御装置
１０　ランキンサイクル回路
１１　加熱器
１２　膨張機
１３　ランキン用凝縮器
１４　作動流体ポンプ
２０　エンジン冷却水回路
２１　循環路
２２　分岐通路
２３　エンジン
２４　ポンプ
２５　サーモスタット
２６　ラジエータ
２７　熱交換器
２８　ヒータコア
２９　分岐点
３０　冷凍サイクル回路
３１　圧縮機
３２　放熱器
３３　膨張弁
３４　蒸発器
３５　バイパス路
３６　切換弁 1 Vehicle Waste Heat Recovery System 2 Rankine Cycle System 3 Engine Coolant Water System 4 Refrigerant Cycle System 5 Controller 10 Rankine Cycle Circuit 11 Heater 12 Expander 13 Rankin Condenser 14 Working Fluid Pump 20 Engine Coolant Water Circuit 21 Circulating Path 22 branch passage 23 engine 24 pump 25 thermostat 26 radiator 27 heat exchanger 28 heater core 29 branch point 30 refrigeration cycle circuit 31 compressor 32 radiator 33 expansion valve 34 evaporator 35 bypass passage 36 switching valve

Claims (6)

  1. 　エンジンの廃熱を利用して作動流体を加熱する加熱器と、前記加熱器を経由した作動流体を膨張させて動力を発生する膨張機と、前記膨張機を経由した作動流体を凝縮させるランキン用凝縮器と、前記ランキン用凝縮器を経由した作動流体を前記加熱器へ送出する作動流体ポンプを順次配設したランキンサイクル回路を有するランキンサイクルシステムと、
    　前記加熱器とエンジンとを経由して冷却水がポンプを介して循環するエンジン冷却水回路を有するエンジン冷却水システムと、
    　冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機と、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を放熱する熱交換器と、前記放熱器で外気と熱交換された後の冷媒を減圧する減圧装置と、減圧された冷媒を加熱する蒸発器を順次配設した冷凍サイクル回路を有する冷凍サイクルシステムとを備え、
    　前記熱交換器は、前記エンジン冷却水回路を流れる冷却水と前記冷凍サイクル回路を流れる冷媒との熱交換を行う熱交換器であって、前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記加熱器と前記エンジンとの間に配設したことを特徴とする車両用廃熱回収システム。     A heater for heating a working fluid using waste heat of an engine, an expander for expanding the working fluid via the heater to generate power, and a Rankine for condensing the working fluid via the expander A Rankine cycle system having a Rankine cycle circuit in which a condenser and a working fluid pump for delivering a working fluid via the Rankin condenser to the heater are sequentially provided;
    An engine coolant system having an engine coolant circuit through which coolant is circulated via a pump via the heater and an engine;
    A compressor for compressing a refrigerant, a heat exchanger for radiating the refrigerant compressed by the compressor, a decompressor for decompressing the refrigerant after being heat-exchanged with the outside air by the radiator, and heating the decompressed refrigerant And a refrigeration cycle system having a refrigeration cycle circuit in which the evaporators are sequentially disposed.
    The heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the coolant flowing through the engine coolant circuit and the refrigerant flowing through the refrigeration cycle circuit, and the heat exchanger in the engine coolant circuit and the engine A waste heat recovery system for a vehicle characterized by being disposed between the two.
  2. 　前記熱交換器は、前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記加熱器の下流側に配設したことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の車両用廃熱回収システム。 The waste heat recovery system for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is disposed downstream of the heater in the engine coolant circuit.
  3. 　前記冷凍サイクルシステムは、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を外気と熱交換させる放熱器を前記熱交換器と前記減圧装置との間に配設したことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の車両用廃熱回収システム 3. The refrigeration cycle system according to claim 1, wherein a radiator for exchanging the refrigerant compressed by the compressor with the outside air is disposed between the heat exchanger and the pressure reducing device. Waste heat recovery system for vehicles
  4. 　前記冷凍サイクル回路には、前記圧縮機と前記熱交換器との間と前記熱交換器と前記減圧装置との間とを接続して前記熱交換器をバイパスするバイパス路と、冷媒の流れを前記熱交換器側または前記パイパス路側に切換える切換装置とが配設されていることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の車両用廃熱回収システム。 The refrigeration cycle circuit includes a bypass path connecting the compressor and the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger, and the pressure reducing device to bypass the heat exchanger, and a refrigerant flow. The waste heat recovery system for a vehicle according to claim 3, further comprising: a switching device configured to switch to the heat exchanger side or the bypass path side.
  5. 　前記切換装置は、前記バイパス路の接続部に設けられた切換弁である請求項４に記載の車両用廃熱回収システム。 The waste heat recovery system for a vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the switching device is a switching valve provided at a connection portion of the bypass path.
  6. 　前記冷凍サイクル回路における前記圧縮機の吐出側の吐出冷媒温度が、前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記熱交換器の入口側の冷却水温度より高い場合に、前記切換装置は前記熱交換器側に冷媒を流し、
    　前記圧縮機の吐出側の吐出冷媒温度が、前記エンジン冷却水回路における前記熱交換器の入口側の冷却水温度以下の場合に、前記切換装置は前記バイパス路側に冷媒を流すように制御されることを特徴とする請求項４または５のいずれかに記載の車両用廃熱回収システム。     When the discharge refrigerant temperature on the discharge side of the compressor in the refrigeration cycle circuit is higher than the cooling water temperature on the inlet side of the heat exchanger in the engine cooling water circuit, the switching device is a refrigerant on the heat exchanger side Flow,
    The switching device is controlled to flow the refrigerant to the side of the bypass when the temperature of the discharge refrigerant on the discharge side of the compressor is equal to or lower than the temperature of the cooling water on the inlet side of the heat exchanger in the engine cooling water circuit. The waste heat recovery system for a vehicle according to any one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that:
PCT/JP2018/042254 2017-12-28 2018-11-15 Vehicular waste heat recovery device WO2019130886A1 (en)

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JP2019120163A (en) * 2017-12-28 2019-07-22 サンデンホールディングス株式会社 Vehicular waste heat recovery system

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