WO2019127748A1 - 一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统 - Google Patents

一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019127748A1
WO2019127748A1 PCT/CN2018/073392 CN2018073392W WO2019127748A1 WO 2019127748 A1 WO2019127748 A1 WO 2019127748A1 CN 2018073392 W CN2018073392 W CN 2018073392W WO 2019127748 A1 WO2019127748 A1 WO 2019127748A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
array
underwater
channel
sound source
interface
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PCT/CN2018/073392
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
裴彦良
刘保华
华清峰
于凯本
解秋红
景春雷
黄逸凡
连艳红
闫克平
Original Assignee
国家海洋局第一海洋研究所
国家深海基地管理中心
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Application filed by 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所, 国家深海基地管理中心 filed Critical 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所
Priority to US16/083,313 priority Critical patent/US10890678B2/en
Publication of WO2019127748A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019127748A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
    • G01V1/3843—Deployment of seismic devices, e.g. of streamers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
    • G01V1/04—Details
    • G01V1/09—Transporting arrangements, e.g. on vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
    • G01V1/3808—Seismic data acquisition, e.g. survey design
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
    • G01V2210/12—Signal generation
    • G01V2210/129—Source location
    • G01V2210/1293—Sea
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
    • G01V2210/14—Signal detection
    • G01V2210/142—Receiver location
    • G01V2210/1423—Sea
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration and investigation, in particular to a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform.
  • Conventional marine seismic exploration usually uses the sound source launching array and the hydrophone tow array to be towed by the survey vessel to the sea surface.
  • the sound waves emitted by the sound source are transmitted by the seawater and reflected by the seabed, and then received and collected by the hydrophone array. After further calculation, Mapping to analyze the geological conditions of the seabed.
  • this conventional seismic detection method works in the deep sea area, due to the large attenuation of sound waves (especially high-frequency sound waves) by seawater, the detection resolution and penetration depth of conventional seismic equipment for deep sea formations are reduced, resulting in low exploration accuracy.
  • a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform comprising: an external electronic cabin, a circuit integration device, an underwater mobile platform, a mounting mechanism, a multi-electrode emission array, and a multi-channel hydrophone line array;
  • the plug-in electronic cabin is externally fixed on the underwater mobile platform by the mounting mechanism, the circuit integration device is disposed in the external electronic cabin, the circuit integration device and the multi-electrode emission column a matrix connection, the multi-electrode emission array being connected to the multi-channel hydrophone array;
  • the circuit integration device includes a multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device, a sound source host, a photoelectric connection box, and a battery pack, and the multi-channel underwater acoustic data collection device is connected to the sound source host, and the photoelectric connection box respectively Connecting to the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device, the sound source host, the battery pack, and the multi-electrode emission array, the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device for collecting the multi-channel hydrophone
  • the underwater sound data received by the line array, the sound source host is configured to control the multi-electrode emission array discharge excitation sound wave
  • the photoelectric connection box is configured to transfer the received optical signal or the electrical signal and
  • the battery pack is managed.
  • the system further includes a photoelectric composite cable, wherein the circuit integration device is connected to the multi-electrode emission array through the photoelectric composite cable, and the photoelectric composite cable passes through the multi-electrode emission array and the Multi-channel hydrophone line array connection.
  • the system further includes a tail connecting rod, one end of the tail connecting rod is fixedly connected with the tail of the underwater moving platform, and the other end of the tail connecting rod is connected with the photoelectric composite cable
  • the tail hitch is adapted to withstand the drag force of the optoelectric composite cable, the multi-electrode launch array, and the multi-channel hydrophone array during the navigation of the underwater mobile platform.
  • the multi-channel underwater acoustic data collection device comprises:
  • Microprocessor logic controller, optical fiber data transmission interface, peripheral sensor, internal self-test device, clock management module, sound source host interface, Ethernet interface and storage management module;
  • the microprocessor is respectively connected to the underwater mobile platform, the logic controller, the peripheral sensor, the sound source host interface, and the Ethernet interface, the sound source host interface and the sound source a host connection, the microprocessor is configured to send preset parameters to the logic controller and the multi-channel hydrophone line array, and send a trigger signal to the sound source host and the multi-channel hydrophone And sending the received peripheral sensor data to the logic control module, and receiving data sent by the logic controller in real time, and transmitting the data in real time through an Ethernet interface, the preset parameter Including preset interval, preset sampling rate and preset record length;
  • the logic controller is respectively connected to the optical fiber data transmission interface, the internal self-test device, the clock management module, and the storage management module, and the optical fiber data transmission interface is connected to the photoelectric connection box.
  • the logic controller is configured to receive seismic data sent by the multi-channel hydrophone line array, parse the seismic data, and send the parsed seismic data to the microprocessor module and the storage management module in real time;
  • the optical fiber data transmission interface is used for photoelectric conversion
  • the peripheral sensor includes a depth sensor, a height sensor, a temperature sensor, and an attitude sensor;
  • the in-machine self-test module is used for real-time monitoring and testing
  • the clock management module uses a high-precision crystal oscillator or an atomic clock as a clock source of the system;
  • the sound source host interface is configured to output a trigger pulse signal to the sound source host and perform excitation energy parameter setting on the sound source host;
  • the Ethernet interface is used to connect a control device of a higher level
  • the storage management module is configured to store the parsed seismic data.
  • the sound source host includes:
  • a central controller a boost rectifier charging circuit, a storage capacitor group, an all solid discharge switch, and a charging control circuit, a sampling circuit, a discharge switch control circuit, a serial interface, and an optical isolation interface connected to the central controller;
  • the storage capacitor group is respectively connected to the boost rectifier charging circuit, the all solid discharge switch, and the sampling circuit, and the boost rectifier charging circuit is connected to the charging control circuit, and the all solid discharge switch Connected to the discharge switch control circuit, the all-solid discharge switch is connected to the photoelectric connection box, and the serial interface and the photoelectric isolation interface are connected by the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device;
  • the central controller is configured to control the charging control circuit to start charging or ending charging and to control the discharging switch control circuit to be closed;
  • the step-up rectification charging circuit is configured to charge the storage capacitor group
  • the energy storage capacitor group is composed of a plurality of pulse energy storage capacitors
  • the all solid discharge switch is configured to realize a single pulse rapid discharge of the storage capacitor group
  • the charging control circuit is configured to start or stop charging according to a command of the central controller
  • the sampling circuit is configured to perform voltage division sampling on the voltage of the storage capacitor group, obtain a capacitance voltage value, and transmit the capacitor voltage value to the central controller;
  • the discharge switch control circuit is configured to control power release of the energy storage capacitor group
  • the serial interface is used for communication between the sound source host and the multi-channel underwater acoustic data collection device;
  • the opto-isolated interface is configured to receive an external trigger signal and send the external trigger signal to the central controller;
  • the wireless network interface is configured to receive a sound source parameter set by a user, and transmit the sound source parameter to the central controller, where the sound source parameter includes an excitation energy, an operation mode, an excitation interval, and a work schedule.
  • the wireless network interface is a Bluetooth interface or a WIFI interface.
  • the multi-electrode emission array comprises a high voltage electrode array, a metal frame, a sound pressure pressure resistant barrel, a first buoyancy column, a second buoyancy column, a high pressure transfer box, and an electrolyte solution;
  • the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel is filled with the electrolyte solution, and the high-voltage electrode array and the metal frame are both immersed in the electrolyte solution, and the high-voltage transfer box is located at the upper part of the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel
  • the first buoyancy column is located at a first end of the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel
  • the second buoyancy column is located at a tail end of the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel
  • the first buoyancy column and the second buoyancy column Each is fixedly connected to the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel
  • the high-voltage electrode array is connected to a high-potential wire
  • the metal frame is connected to a zero-potential wire;
  • the high voltage electrode array includes a plurality of high voltage discharge electrodes for use as a high voltage potential for discharge of the multi-electrode emission array;
  • the metal frame is used as a zero potential of the discharge of the multi-electrode emission array
  • the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel is used for isolating a deep-water high static pressure environment, so that the high-voltage electrode array and the metal frame are in an atmospheric environment;
  • the first buoyancy column and the second buoyancy column are both used to offset the weight of the high voltage electrode array and the metal frame;
  • the electrolyte solution is used as a discharge channel between a high voltage potential and a zero potential of the multi-electrode emission array;
  • the high voltage adapter box is used to transfer high voltage.
  • the multi-channel hydrophone line array comprises a photoelectric conversion package, a front elastic section, a working section, a digital package, and a rear elastic section;
  • the photoelectric composite cable is connected to the front elastic segment through the photoelectric conversion package, and the front elastic segment is connected to the working segment through the digital package, and the plurality of working segments are connected by the digital package
  • the working segment is connected to the rear elastic segment by the digital package
  • the photoelectric conversion package is configured to convert seismic data collected by the multi-channel hydrophone line array and state information thereof into a fiber optic signal, and send the multi-channel underwater acoustic data collecting device to the multi-channel hydrophone
  • the control information of the line array is converted into an electrical signal
  • the front elastic section is configured to isolate mechanical vibration generated by the underwater moving platform and the multi-electrode emitting array
  • the working segment includes a plurality of hydrophones for collecting a hydroacoustic signal and converting the hydroacoustic signal into an analog electrical signal;
  • the digital packet is used to convert the analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal
  • the rear elastic section is used to isolate tail noise.
  • the material of the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel is a carbon fiber material; the materials of the first buoyancy column and the second buoyancy column are glass bead buoyancy materials.
  • the multi-channel hydrophone array further includes a drag umbrella coupled to the rear elastic segment for maintaining a posture of the multi-channel hydrophone array.
  • the external electronic cabin is connected to the underwater mobile platform and the photoelectric composite cable through a watertight connector.
  • the invention has the following advantages:
  • the invention relates to a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform, which comprises an external electronic cabin, a circuit integration device, an underwater mobile platform, a mounting mechanism, a multi-electrode emission array and a multi-channel hydrophone line array.
  • the external electronic cabin is externally fixed on the underwater mobile platform by the mounting mechanism, the circuit integration device is disposed in the external electronic cabin, the circuit integration device is connected with the multi-electrode emission array, and the multi-electrode emission array and the multi-electrode are arranged.
  • Circuit integration device includes multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device, sound source host, photoelectric connection box and battery pack, multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device and sound source host connection, photoelectric connection box It is connected to a multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device, a sound source host, a battery pack, and a multi-electrode emission array.
  • the seismic exploration system can be conveniently applied to underwater mobile platforms. When seismic exploration operations are carried out in deep sea areas, sound waves are near to the bottom of the sea, and large depths of seawater are avoided (especially high frequency) compared to sea surface sound sources.
  • the large attenuation of sound waves improves the seismic detection resolution, increases the depth of formation penetration, and thus improves the exploration accuracy; and the multi-electrode emission array is dragged behind the underwater vehicle, which reduces the sound source emission to underwater movement.
  • the vibration and interference of the carrier in the platform can emit sound waves of high sound source level.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a system block diagram of a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of a multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device in a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a structural block diagram of a sound source host in a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-electrode emission array in a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-channel hydrophone line array in a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a system block diagram of a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the underwater seismic platform-based seismic exploration system of the embodiment includes:
  • the external electronic cabin 1 is externally fixed on the underwater mobile platform 2 by the mounting mechanism 3, and the circuit integration device is disposed in the external electronic cabin 1, and the circuit integration device passes the
  • An optoelectronic composite cable 6 is connected to the multi-electrode emitting array 4, and the multi-electrode emitting array 4 is connected to the multi-channel hydrophone array 5 via the optoelectric composite cable 6 to move the platform 2 under water
  • the tail portion is provided with an L-shaped or Z-shaped tail connecting rod 7, and one end of the tail hook 7 is fixedly connected with the tail of the underwater moving platform 2, and the other end of the tail connecting rod 7 is
  • the photoelectric composite cable 6 is attached, and the tail mounting rod 7 is configured to withstand the photoelectric composite cable 6, the multi-electrode emitting array 4, and the multi-channel hydrophone during the navigation of the underwater moving platform.
  • the underwater mobile platform 2 includes an autonomous controller, a navigation controller, a load controller and a load interface, and a load interface of the underwater mobile platform 2 is connected to the circuit integration device through a watertight connector, the underwater movement
  • the platform 2 can be a variety of types of underwater vehicles, such as autonomous underwater submersibles, remotely operated unmanned submersibles, water gliders, and the like.
  • the multi-channel hydrophone array 5 is towed to the tail of the underwater moving platform 2, and the multi-channel hydrophone array is 5 Horizontal status.
  • the circuit integration device includes a multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device, a sound source host, a photoelectric connection box, and a battery pack, and the multi-channel underwater acoustic data collection device is connected to the sound source host, and the photoelectric connection box respectively Connected to the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device, the sound source host, the battery pack, and the multi-electrode emission array 4, the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device is configured to collect the multi-channel hydrophone
  • the underwater sound data received by the line array 5, the sound source host is used to control the discharge excitation sound wave of the multi-electrode emission array 4, and the photoelectric connection box is used for performing the received optical signal or electrical signal Transfer and manage the battery pack.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of a multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device in a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the multi-channel underwater acoustic data collection device comprises: a microprocessor, a logic controller, an optical fiber data transmission interface, a peripheral sensor, an internal self-test device, a clock management module, a sound source host interface, an Ethernet interface, and Storage management module.
  • the microprocessor is a core of the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device, and the microprocessor interfaces with the underwater mobile platform 2, the logic controller, the peripheral sensor, and the sound source host respectively.
  • the sound source host interface is connected to the sound source host, and the microprocessor is configured to send a preset parameter configured by a user to the logic controller and the multi-channel hydrophone
  • the line array 5 transmits a trigger signal to the sound source host and the multi-channel hydrophone line array 5 at the same time, and the preset parameters include a preset interval, a preset sampling rate, and a preset recording length;
  • the received peripheral sensor data is sent to the logic control module, and the data sent by the logic controller is received in real time; the data is sent in real time through an Ethernet interface.
  • the logic controller is respectively connected to the optical fiber data transmission interface, the internal self-test device, the clock management module, and the storage management module, and the optical fiber data transmission interface is connected to the photoelectric connection box.
  • the logic controller is configured to receive the seismic data sent by the multi-channel hydrophone line array 5; parse the seismic data, and parse the identification processing including data verification, rearrangement, and partial control information;
  • the post-seismic data is sent to the microprocessor module on the one hand and to the storage management module for local data storage on the other hand.
  • the optical fiber data transmission interface is used for photoelectric conversion, converts downlink command data into an optical signal, and converts uplink seismic data and state data into electrical signals.
  • the peripheral sensor includes a depth sensor, a height sensor, a temperature sensor, and an attitude sensor.
  • the in-machine self-test module is used for real-time monitoring and testing of various key parts, including power system monitoring, storage system monitoring, communication system monitoring, and task command monitoring.
  • the clock management module uses a high-precision crystal oscillator or an atomic clock as a clock source of the system to ensure the time accuracy of the seismic system to acquire seismic data.
  • the sound source host interface includes two interface signals, one is to output a TTL trigger pulse signal to the sound source host, and the other is to set the excitation energy parameter to the sound source host and monitor the sound source host working state.
  • the Ethernet interface is an external interface of the control system, and is used to connect the control device of the upper level, and the data uploading and control command acquisition are also performed through the Ethernet interface.
  • the storage management module includes a high speed storage array and an array management circuit thereof, and the data storage array may be an SD card, a hard disk, or other device, and the storage management module is configured to store the parsed seismic data.
  • the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device in this example can operate in an automatic mode or in a controlled mode.
  • the data underwater sound data is automatically collected at a fixed interval of setting; when working in the controlled mode, underwater movement
  • the platform 2 sets and controls the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device through the load interface. Specifically, the underwater mobile platform 2 sets the interval, sampling rate, sampling length and other parameters of the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device, underwater.
  • the mobile platform 2 controls the activation and deactivation of the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural block diagram of a sound source host in a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the sound source host includes: a central controller, a boost rectifier charging circuit, a storage capacitor group, an all solid discharge switch, and a charging control circuit, a sampling circuit, and a discharge switch connected to the central controller.
  • Control circuit serial interface, optical isolation interface.
  • the storage capacitor group is respectively connected to the boost rectifier charging circuit, the all solid discharge switch, and the sampling circuit, and the boost rectifier charging circuit is connected to the charging control circuit, and the all solid discharge switch Connected to the discharge switch control circuit, the all-solid discharge switch is connected to the photoelectric connection box, and the serial interface and the photoelectric isolation interface are connected by the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device.
  • the central controller controls the charging or ending charging of the charging control circuit according to the excitation energy set by the user and the voltage on the storage capacitor group; in the external trigger mode, the discharge switch control is controlled according to the received trigger signal The circuit closes the all solid discharge switch; in the internal trigger mode, the discharge switch control circuit is controlled to close the all solid discharge switch according to a time interval set by a user; and the system working state is collected and stored.
  • the step-up and rectification charging circuit includes inverting, boosting, and rectifying the DC power of the battery pack, converting the DC power of the battery pack into a high-voltage DC power source, and charging the energy storage capacitor group.
  • the energy storage capacitor group is composed of a plurality of pulse storage capacitors.
  • the all solid state discharge switch comprises a thyristor and a freewheeling diode.
  • the thyristor has a unidirectional conduction characteristic, and the thyristor cooperates with a freewheeling diode, and the all solid discharge switch is used for realizing a single pulse rapid discharge of the storage capacitor group.
  • the charge control circuit is configured to start or stop charging according to a command of the central controller.
  • the sampling circuit is configured to perform voltage division sampling on the voltage of the storage capacitor group, obtain a capacitor voltage value, and transmit the capacitor voltage value to the central controller.
  • the discharge switch control circuit generates an instantaneous large current when receiving the trigger signal, causing the thyristor to be turned on, and the energy storage capacitor group to release the electric energy.
  • the serial interface is responsible for communication between the sound source host and the multi-channel underwater acoustic data collecting device, and the multi-channel underwater acoustic data collecting device performs parameter setting on the sound source host through the serial interface, and the state information of the sound source host passes
  • the serial interface is sent to the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device.
  • the opto-isolated interface is configured to receive an external trigger signal and send the external trigger signal to the central controller, and the external trigger signal may be from an underwater carrier or from other devices; photoelectric isolation may avoid the sound source host Internal high voltage interference and damage to underwater vehicles or other equipment.
  • the wireless network interface may be a Bluetooth interface or a WIFI interface, and may be connected to a computer or a mobile phone, and configured for the user to set the sound source parameters, and if necessary, the sound source operation state may be monitored in real time, and the sound source parameters include excitation energy and work. Mode, firing interval, and work schedule.
  • the user can set the sound source host separately through the wireless network interface, or indirectly through the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device, both of which have the same priority.
  • the photoelectric connection box is configured to transfer optical and electrical information between the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device, the sound source host and the photoelectric composite cable.
  • the photoelectric connection box further includes a power management module, wherein the power management module manages the battery pack to prevent overcharging and overdischarging of the battery pack, thereby improving the service life of the battery pack; After the battery pack voltage is isolated and converted, a low-voltage DC power source that generates a suitable voltage is supplied to a control circuit such as a multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device and a sound source host.
  • the battery pack supplies power to all components.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-electrode emission array in a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the multi-electrode emitting array 4 includes a high voltage electrode array 8, a metal frame 9, a sound-permeable pressure resistant barrel 10, a first buoyancy column 11, a second buoyancy column 12, a high voltage transfer box 13, and an electrolyte solution.
  • the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel 10 is filled with the electrolyte solution, and the high-voltage electrode array 8 and the metal frame 9 are both immersed in the electrolyte solution, the electrolyte solution is sea water, and the high-voltage transfer box 13 is located at an upper portion of the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel 10, the first buoyancy column 11 is located at a first end of the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel 10, and the second floating force column 12 is located at the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel 10 a tail end, the first buoyancy column 11 and the second buoyancy column 12 are fixedly connected to the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel 10, and the high-voltage electrode array 8 is connected to a high-potential wire, the metal frame 9 and zero Potential wire connection.
  • the high voltage electrode array 8 includes a plurality of high voltage discharge electrodes for use as a high voltage potential for discharge of the multielectrode emission array 4.
  • the metal frame 9 is used as a zero potential of the discharge of the multi-electrode emission array 4.
  • the material of the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel 10 is a carbon fiber material for isolating the deep-water high static pressure environment, so that the high-voltage electrode array 8 and the metal frame 9 are in an atmospheric environment. In the normal pressure environment, the electroacoustic conversion performance of the high voltage electrode array 8 and the metal frame 9 is more suitable for marine seismic exploration.
  • the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel 10 has both sealing and compression resistance and good sound transmission performance.
  • the sound-permeable pressure-resistant barrel 10 in this example can be operated in a static pressure environment of 2000 m high depth.
  • the materials of the first buoyancy column 11 and the second buoyancy column 12 are glass bead buoyancy materials, and the first buoyancy column 11 and the second buoyancy column 12 are both used to cancel the high voltage electrode.
  • the weight of the array 8 and the metal frame 9 is such that the entirety of the multi-electrode emitting array 4 exhibits approximately zero buoyancy.
  • the electrolyte solution is used as a discharge channel between the high voltage potential and the zero potential of the multielectrode emission array 4.
  • the high voltage adapter box 13 is used to transfer high voltage.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-channel hydrophone line array in a seismic exploration system based on an underwater mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the multi-channel hydrophone array 5 includes a photoelectric conversion package, a front elastic section 14, a working section 15, a digital pack, a rear elastic section 16, and a drag umbrella 17.
  • the front elastic section 14 and the photoelectric composite cable 6 are connected by the photoelectric conversion package, and the photoelectric conversion package can collect seismic data and state information collected by the multi-channel hydrophone array 5
  • the electrical signal is converted into a fiber-optic signal, and the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device can also be sent to the control information of the multi-channel hydrophone line array 5, and the optical fiber signal is converted into an electrical signal.
  • the front elastic section 14 is used to isolate mechanical vibration generated by the underwater moving platform and the multi-electrode emitting array, and to attenuate the interference of the mechanical vibration on the working section 15.
  • the multi-channel hydrophone line array 5 includes at least one of the working segments 15, each of the working segments 15 includes at least one set of hydrophones, and each group of hydrophones is a hydroacoustic channel, each The group hydrophone includes at least one hydrophone 18, and when a group of hydrophones includes a plurality of hydrophones 18, the plurality of hydrophones 18 in the group are arranged at the same or different intervals, and a plurality of hydrophones are arranged.
  • the devices 18 are connected in parallel or in series.
  • the front elastic section 14 and the working section 15 are connected by the digital package, and the plurality of working sections 15 are connected by the digital package, and between the working section 15 and the rear elastic section
  • the digital packet is used to convert an analog electrical signal into a digital electrical signal by the digital packet connection.
  • the rear elastic section 16 is used to isolate tail noise.
  • the drag umbrella 17 is coupled to the rear elastic section 16 for maintaining the attitude of the multi-channel hydrophone array 5 .
  • the interior of the multi-channel hydrophone array 5 is filled with a liquid, colloidal or solid buoyant material that imparts a weak positive buoyancy to the overall system.
  • the photoelectric composite cable 6 in this example is externally reinforced by aramid fiber material such as KEVLAR, and is responsible for the transmission of optical and electrical signals, wherein the optical and electrical signals include: 1 high voltage generated by the rapid discharge of the storage capacitor group in the sound source host , large current pulse signal; 2 is the DC power supply for the multi-channel hydrophone line array; 3 multi-channel hydrophone line array acquisition seismic data and its state information, is the fiber signal; 4 multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition The control information sent by the device to the multi-channel hydrophone line array is the fiber signal.
  • aramid fiber material such as KEVLAR
  • the photoelectric composite cable 6 is used for towing a multi-electrode emitting array and a multi-channel hydrophone array 5, which can carry a large pulling force; isolating the mechanical vibration generated by the multi-electrode emitting array, and preventing the multi-electrode emitting array 4
  • the vibration when the discharge is excited interferes with the underwater moving platform 2; the electromagnetic interference generated by the multi-electrode emitting array is isolated, and the strong electromagnetic wave when the multi-electrode emitting array 4 is excited is prevented from interfering with the underwater moving platform 2.
  • the user sets the working parameters of the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device through the Ethernet interface, such as sampling interval, sampling rate, sampling length and other working parameters, and sets the multi-channel underwater acoustic data acquisition device to automatic Working mode, the test equipment is in normal working state;
  • the working parameters of the sound source host are indirectly set, such as excitation energy, working mode, excitation interval, work schedule, etc., and the sound source host is set to The internal triggering mode of operation, the test device is in normal working state;
  • the multi-electrode emission array and the multi-channel hydrophone array are installed at the tail of the autonomous underwater submersible through the tail mounting rod, and the multi-electrode emitting array and the multi-channel hydrophone array are arranged.
  • the photoelectric composite cable is connected with the external electronic cabin, and the photoelectric composite cable, the multi-electrode emission array, and the multi-channel hydrophone array are dragged to the tail of the autonomous underwater vehicle and are in a horizontal state;
  • the sound source host controls the multi-electrode emission array to start working, and the multi-electrode emission array emits acoustic waves according to the predetermined excitation interval (artificial source seismic wave);
  • the multi-channel hydrophone line array transmits the received sound waves reflected by the ground layer to the multi-channel acquisition device in the external electronic cabin, and the logic control module in the multi-channel acquisition device parses the data and The parsed data is sent to the microprocessor module and the storage management module, and the microprocessor module sends the parsed data to the control device of the upper level in real time via the Ethernet interface, and the storage management module stores the parsed data locally.
  • the multi-electrode array is dragged behind the underwater vehicle, which reduces the vibration and interference of the sound source to the carrier, and can emit sound waves of high sound source level;

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Abstract

一种基于水下移动平台（2）的地震勘探系统。该系统包括：外挂式电子舱（1）、电路集成装置、水下移动平台（2）、挂载机构（3）、多电极发射列阵（4）和多通道水听器线列阵（5）；外挂式电子舱（1）通过挂载机构（3）外挂固定在水下移动平台（2）上，电路集成装置设置在外挂式电子舱（1）内，电路集成装置与多电极发射列阵（4）连接，多电极发射列阵（4）与多通道水听器线列阵（5）连接；电路集成装置包括多通道水声数据采集装置、声源主机、光电接驳盒和电池组，多通道水声数据采集装置与声源主机连接，光电接驳盒分别与多通道水声数据采集装置、声源主机、电池组以及多电极发射列阵（4）连接。该地震勘探系统能够避免大深度海水对声波的大幅度衰减，提高地震探测分辨率，增加地层穿透深度，进而提高勘探精度。

Description

一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统
本申请要求于2017年12月27日提交中国专利局、申请号为201711449620.3、发明名称为“一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及地球物理勘探调查技术领域，特别是涉及一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统。
背景技术
常规海洋地震探测通常是将声源发射阵和水听器拖曳阵列均用调查船拖曳于海面，声源发射的声波经过海水传播并经海底反射后被水听器阵列接收采集，经过进一步计算、成图来分析判断海底地质情况。这种常规地震探测方式在深海海域工作时，由于海水对声波(特别是高频声波)的大幅度衰减，常规地震设备对深海地层的探测分辨率和穿透深度降低，导致勘探精度不高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能提高勘探精度的基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，包括：外挂式电子舱、电路集成装置、水下移动平台、挂载机构、多电极发射列阵和多通道水听器线列阵；
所述外挂式电子舱通过所述挂载机构外挂固定在所述水下移动平台上，所述电路集成装置设置在所述外挂式电子舱内，所述电路集成装置与所述多电极发射列阵连接，所述多电极发射列阵与所述多通道水听器线列阵连接；
所述电路集成装置包括多通道水声数据采集装置、声源主机、光电接驳盒和电池组，所述多通道水声数据采集装置与所述声源主机连接，所述光电接驳盒分别与所述多通道水声数据采集装置、所述声源主机、所述电池组以及所述多电极发射列阵连接，所述多通道水声数据采集装置用于采集所述多通道水听器线列阵接收到的水声数据，所述声源主机用于控制所述多电极发射列阵放电激发声波，所述光电接驳盒用于对接收到的光信号或电信号进行转接并对所述电池组进行管理。
可选的，所述系统还包括光电复合电缆，所述电路集成装置通过所述光电复合电缆与所述多电极发射列阵连接，所述光电复合电缆穿过所述多电极发射列阵与所述多通道水听器线列阵连接。
可选的，所述系统还包括尾部挂接杆，所述尾部挂接杆的一端与所述水下移动平台的尾部固定连接，所述尾部挂接杆的另一端与所述光电复合电缆挂接，所述尾部挂接杆用于承受所述水下移动平台航行过程中所述光电复合电缆、所述多电极发射列阵以及所述多通道水听器线列阵的拖曳拉力。
可选的，所述多通道水声数据采集装置包括：
微处理器、逻辑控制器、光纤数传接口、外围传感器、机内自检装置、时钟管理模块、声源主机接口、以太网接口和存储管理模块；
所述微处理器分别与所述水下移动平台、所述逻辑控制器、所述外围传感器、所述声源主机接口和所述以太网接口连接，所述声源主机接口与所述声源主机连接，所述微处理器用于将预设参数发送至所述逻辑控制器和所述多通道水听器线列阵，同时将触发信号发送至所述声源主机和所述多通道水听器线列阵，将接收到的所述外围传感器数据发送至所述逻辑控制模块，并实时接收所述逻辑控制器发送的数据，通过以太网接口将所述数据实时发送，所述预设参数包括预设采用间隔、预设采样率以及预设记录长度；
所述逻辑控制器分别与所述光纤数传接口、所述机内自检装置、所述时钟管理模块和所述存储管理模块连接，所述光纤数传接口与所述光电接驳盒连接，所述逻辑控制器用于接收所述多通道水听器线列阵发送的地震 数据，对所述地震数据进行解析，将解析后的地震数据实时发送至微处理器模块和所述存储管理模块；
所述光纤数传接口用于进行光电转换；
所述外围传感器包括深度传感器、高度传感器、温度传感器和姿态传感器；
所述机内自检模块用于实时监测和测试；
所述时钟管理模块采用高精度晶振或者原子钟作为系统的时钟源；
所述声源主机接口用于对所述声源主机输出触发脉冲信号以及对所述声源主机进行激发能量参数设置；
所述以太网接口用于连接上一级的控制设备；
所述存储管理模块用于存储解析后的地震数据。
可选的，所述声源主机包括：
中央控制器、升压整流充电电路、储能电容组、全固体放电开关、以及与所述中央控制器均连接的充电控制电路、采样电路、放电开关控制电路、串行接口、光电隔离接口；
所述储能电容组分别与所述升压整流充电电路、所述全固体放电开关以及所述采样电路连接，所述升压整流充电电路与所述充电控制电路连接，所述全固体放电开关与所述放电开关控制电路连接，所述全固体放电开关连接所述光电接驳盒，所述串行接口和所述光电隔离接口均所述多通道水声数据采集装置连接；
所述中央控制器用于控制所述充电控制电路开始充电或结束充电以及控制所述放电开关控制电路闭合；
所述升压整流充电电路，用于对所述储能电容组进行充电；
所述储能电容组，由多个脉冲储能电容组成；
所述全固体放电开关用于实现所述储能电容组的单脉冲快速放电；
所述充电控制电路用于根据所述中央控制器的命令，启动或者停止充电；
所述采样电路用于对所述储能电容组的电压进行分压采样，获得电容 电压值，并将所述电容电压值传送至所述中央控制器；
所述放电开关控制电路，用于控制所述储能电容组电能释放；
所述串行接口用于所述声源主机与所述多通道水声数据采集装置之间的通讯；
所述光电隔离接口用于接收外部触发信号，并将所述外部触发信号发送至所述中央控制器；
所述无线网络接口用于接收用户设置的声源参数，并将所述声源参数传送至所述中央控制器，所述声源参数包括激发能量、工作模式、激发间隔和工作时间表，所述无线网络接口为蓝牙接口或者WIFI接口。
可选的，所述多电极发射列阵包括高压电极阵列、金属框架、透声耐压桶、第一浮力柱、第二浮力柱、高压转接盒以及电解质溶液；
所述透声耐压桶内充满所述电解质溶液，且所述高压电极阵列、所述金属框架均沉浸于所述电解质溶液内，所述高压转接盒位于所述透声耐压桶的上部，所述第一浮力柱位于所述透声耐压桶的首端，所述第二浮力柱位于所述透声耐压桶的尾端，所述第一浮力柱和所述第二浮力柱均与所述透声耐压桶固定连接，所述高压电极阵列与高电位电线连接，所述金属框架与零电位电线连接；
所述高压电极阵列包括多个高压放电电极，用于作为所述多电极发射列阵的放电的高压电位；
所述金属框架用于作为所述多电极发射列阵的放电的零电位；
所述透声耐压桶用于隔绝深水高静压环境，使所述高压电极阵列和所述金属框架处于常压环境；
所述第一浮力柱和所述第二浮力柱均用于抵消所述高压电极阵列和所述金属框架的重量；
所述电解质溶液用于作为所述多电极发射列阵的高压电位与零电位之间的放电通道；
所述高压转接盒用于转接高压。
可选的，所述多通道水听器线列阵包括光电转换包、前弹性段、工作 段、数字包和后弹性段；
所述光电复合缆通过所述光电转换包与所述前弹性段连接，所述前弹性段通过所述数字包与所述工作段连接，多个所述工作段之间通过所述数字包连接，所述工作段通过所述数字包与所述后弹性段连接；
所述光电转换包用于将所述多通道水听器线列阵采集到的地震数据及其状态信息转换为光纤信号，并将多通道水声数据采集装置发送至所述多通道水听器线列阵的控制信息转换为电信号；
所述前弹性段用于隔离所述水下移动平台和所述多电极发射列阵产生的机械振动；
所述工作段包括多个水听器，用于采集水声信号，并将所述水声信号转换为模拟电信号；
所述数字包用于将所述模拟电信号转换为数字电信号；
所述后弹性段用于隔离尾部噪声。
可选的，所述透声耐压桶的材料为碳纤维材料；所述所述第一浮力柱和所述第二浮力柱的材料均为玻璃微珠浮力材料。
可选的，所述多通道水听器线列阵还包括阻力伞，所述阻力伞与所述后弹性段连接，用于保持所述多通道水听器线列阵的姿态。
可选的，所述外挂式电子舱与所述水下移动平台、所述光电复合缆均通过水密接插件连接。
本发明与现有技术相比，其优点是：
本发明的一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，所述系统包括外挂式电子舱、电路集成装置、水下移动平台、挂载机构、多电极发射列阵和多通道水听器线列阵；外挂式电子舱通过所述挂载机构外挂固定在水下移动平台上，电路集成装置设置在外挂式电子舱内，电路集成装置与多电极发射列阵连接，多电极发射列阵与多通道水听器线列阵连接；电路集成装置包括多通道水声数据采集装置、声源主机、光电接驳盒和电池组，多通道水声数据采集装置与声源主机连接，光电接驳盒分别与多通道水声数据采集装置、声源主机、电池组以及多电极发射列阵连接。该地震勘探系统， 可以方便的应用于水下移动平台，在深海海域进行地震探测作业时，由于声源近海底拖曳，相比于海面声源，避免了大深度海水对声波(特别是高频声波)的大幅度衰减，提高了地震探测分辨率，增加了地层穿透深度，进而提高了勘探精度；并且多电极发射列阵拖曳于水下运载器后方，减弱了声源发射对水下移动平台中的运载器的振动和干扰，可以发射高大声源级的声波。
说明书附图
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：
图1为本发明实施例一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统的系统框图；
图3为本发明实施例一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统中多通道水声数据采集装置的结构框图；
图4为本发明实施例一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统中声源主机的结构框图；
图5为本发明实施例一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统中多电极发射列阵的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统中多通道水听器线列阵的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中技术方案进行详细的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例；基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1为本发明实施例一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，图2 为本发明实施例一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统的系统框图。
参见图1和图2，实施例的基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，包括：
外挂式电子舱1、电路集成装置、水下移动平台2、挂载机构3、多电极发射列阵4、多通道水听器线列阵5、光电复合电缆6和尾部挂接杆7。
所述外挂式电子舱1通过所述挂载机构3外挂固定在所述水下移动平台2上，所述电路集成装置设置在所述外挂式电子舱1内，所述电路集成装置通过所述光电复合电缆6与所述多电极发射列阵4连接，所述多电极发射列阵4通过所述光电复合电缆6与所述多通道水听器线列阵5连接，在水下移动平台2的尾部设置有L形或Z形所述尾部挂接杆7，所述尾部挂接7的一端与所述水下移动平台2的尾部固定连接，所述尾部挂接杆7的另一端与所述光电复合电缆6挂接，所述尾部挂接杆7用于承受所述水下移动平台航行过程中所述光电复合电缆6、所述多电极发射列阵4以及所述多通道水听器线列阵5的拖曳拉力。
所述水下移动平台2包括自主控制器、航行控制器、载荷控制器和载荷接口，所述水下移动平台2的载荷接口通过水密接插件与所述电路集成装置连接，所述水下移动平台2可为多种类型的水下运载器，例如，自主式水下潜器、遥控无人潜水器、水下滑翔机等。所述水下移动平台2在水下航行时，所述多通道水听器线列阵5被拖曳于所述水下移动平台2的尾部，所述多通道水听器线列阵5成近水平状态。
所述电路集成装置包括多通道水声数据采集装置、声源主机、光电接驳盒和电池组，所述多通道水声数据采集装置与所述声源主机连接，所述光电接驳盒分别与所述多通道水声数据采集装置、所述声源主机、所述电池组以及所述多电极发射列阵4连接，所述多通道水声数据采集装置用于采集所述多通道水听器线列阵5接收到的水声数据，所述声源主机用于控制所述多电极发射列阵4放电激发声波，所述光电接驳盒用于对接收到的光信号或电信号进行转接并对所述电池组进行管理。
图3为本发明实施例一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统中多通道水声数据采集装置的结构框图。
参见图3，所述多通道水声数据采集装置包括：微处理器、逻辑控制器、光纤数传接口、外围传感器、机内自检装置、时钟管理模块、声源主机接口、以太网接口和存储管理模块。
所述微处理器为所述多通道水声数据采集装置的核心，所述微处理器分别与所述水下移动平台2、所述逻辑控制器、所述外围传感器、所述声源主机接口和所述以太网接口连接，所述声源主机接口与所述声源主机连接，所述微处理器用于将用户配置的预设参数发送至所述逻辑控制器和所述多通道水听器线列阵5，同时将触发信号发送至所述声源主机和所述多通道水听器线列阵5，所述预设参数包括预设采用间隔、预设采样率以及预设记录长度；将接收到的所述外围传感器数据发送至所述逻辑控制模块，并实时接收所述逻辑控制器发送的数据；通过以太网接口将所述数据实时发送。
所述逻辑控制器分别与所述光纤数传接口、所述机内自检装置、所述时钟管理模块和所述存储管理模块连接，所述光纤数传接口与所述光电接驳盒连接，所述逻辑控制器用于接收所述多通道水听器线列阵5发送的地震数据；对所述地震数据进行解析，解析包括数据校验、重排、部分控制信息的识别处理工作；将解析后的地震数据一方面实时发送给微处理器模块，另一方面发送给存储管理模块进行本地数据存储。
所述光纤数传接口用于进行光电转换，将下行的命令数据转换为光信号，将上行的地震数据、状态数据转换为电信号。
所述外围传感器包括深度传感器、高度传感器、温度传感器和姿态传感器。
所述机内自检模块用于对各个关键部分进行实时监测和测试，包括电源系统监测，存储系统监测，通信系统监测，任务命令监测。
所述时钟管理模块采用高精度晶振或者原子钟作为系统的时钟源，以保证地震系统采集地震数据的时间准确性。
所述声源主机接口包括两路接口信号，一路是对声源主机输出TTL触发脉冲信号，另一路对声源主机进行激发能量参数设置并监控声源主机工作状态。
所述以太网接口是控制系统对外的接口，用于连接上一级的控制设备，并且数据上传、控制命令的获取也都是通过所述以太网接口进行的。
所述存储管理模块包括高速存储阵列及其阵列管理电路，所述数据存储阵列，可以是SD卡、硬盘或其它器件，所述存储管理模块用于存储解析后的地震数据。
本实例中的多通道水声数据采集装置，可以工作于自动模式，也可以工作于受控模式。当工作于自主模式时，根据用户提前设置好的采用间隔、采样率、采样长度等参数，以设置的固定的采用间隔自动进行数据水声数据采集；当工作于受控模式时，水下移动平台2通过载荷接口对多通道水声数据采集装置进行设置和控制，具体的，水下移动平台2对多通道水声数据采集装置的采用间隔、采样率、采样长度等参数进行设置，水下移动平台2对多通道水声数据采集装置的启动和关闭进行控制。
图4为本发明实施例一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统中声源主机的结构框图。
参见图4，所述声源主机包括：中央控制器、升压整流充电电路、储能电容组、全固体放电开关、以及与所述中央控制器均连接的充电控制电路、采样电路、放电开关控制电路、串行接口、光电隔离接口。
所述储能电容组分别与所述升压整流充电电路、所述全固体放电开关以及所述采样电路连接，所述升压整流充电电路与所述充电控制电路连接，所述全固体放电开关与所述放电开关控制电路连接，所述全固体放电开关连接所述光电接驳盒，所述串行接口和所述光电隔离接口均所述多通道水声数据采集装置连接。
所述中央控制器，根据用户设置的激发能量和储能电容组上的电压，控制充电控制电路的开始充电或结束充电；在外触发模式下，根据收到的触发信号，控制所述放电开关控制电路闭合所述全固体放电开关；在内触发模式下，根据用户设置的时间间隔，控制所述放电开关控制电路闭合所述全固体放电开关；采集并存储系统工作状态。
所述升压整流充电电路，包括对电池组直流电源进行逆变、升压、整流，将电池组的直流电源变换为高压直流电源，对储能电容组进行充电。
所述储能电容组，由多个脉冲储能电容组成。
所述全固体放电开关包括晶闸管与续流二极管，晶闸管具有单向导通特性，晶闸管与续流二极管配合，所述全固体放电开关用于实现所述储能电容组的单脉冲快速放电。
所述充电控制电路用于根据所述中央控制器的命令，启动或者停止充电。
所述采样电路用于对所述储能电容组的电压进行分压采样，获得电容电压值，并将所述电容电压值传送至所述中央控制器。
所述放电开关控制电路，当收到触发信号时产生瞬间大电流，导致晶闸管导通，储能电容组电能释放。
所述串行接口负责声源主机与多通道水声数据采集装置之间的通讯，多通道水声数据采集装置通过所述串行接口对声源主机进行参数设置，声源主机的状态信息通过串行接口发送至多通道水声数据采集装置。
所述光电隔离接口用于接收外部触发信号，并将所述外部触发信号发送至所述中央控制器，外部触发信号可以来自水下运载器，也可以来自其它设备；光电隔离可以避免声源主机内部高电压对水下运载器或其它设备的干扰和损坏。
所述无线网络接口可以是蓝牙接口或者WIFI接口，可以与电脑或手机连接，用于用户对声源参数进行设置，必要时可以实时监测声源运行状态，所述声源参数包括激发能量、工作模式、激发间隔和工作时间表。用户既可以通过无线网络接口对声源主机进行单独设置，也可以通过多通道水声数据采集装置间接对声源主机进行设置，两者具有同等优先级。
所述光电接驳盒，用于对多通道水声数据采集装置、声源主机和光电复合缆之间的光、电信息进行转接。所述光电接驳盒还包括电源管理模块，所述电源管理模块，对所述电池组进行管理，避免所述电池组过充和过放，提高所述电池组的使用寿命；同时对所述电池组电压进行隔离、变换后，产生合适电压的低压直流电源供给多通道水声数据采集装置、声源主机等控制电路使用。
所述电池组，为所有部件供电。
图5为本发明实施例一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统中多电极发射列阵的结构示意图。
参见图5，所述多电极发射列阵4包括高压电极阵列8、金属框架9、透声耐压桶10、第一浮力柱11、第二浮力柱12、高压转接盒13以及电解质溶液。
所述透声耐压桶10内充满所述电解质溶液，且所述高压电极阵列8、所述金属框架9均沉浸于所述电解质溶液内，所述电解质溶液为海水，所述高压转接盒13位于所述透声耐压桶10的上部，所述第一浮力柱11位于所述透声耐压桶10的首端，所述第二浮力柱12位于所述透声耐压桶10的尾端，所述第一浮力柱11和所述第二浮力柱12均与所述透声耐压桶10固定连接，所述高压电极阵列8与高电位电线连接，所述金属框架9与零电位电线连接。
所述高压电极阵列8包括多个高压放电电极，用于作为所述多电极发射列阵4的放电的高压电位。
所述金属框架9用于作为所述多电极发射列阵4的放电的零电位。
所述透声耐压桶10的材料为碳纤维材料，用于隔绝深水高静压环境，使所述高压电极阵列8和所述金属框架9处于常压环境。在常压环境下，高压电极阵列8和金属框架9的电声转换性能更加适用于海洋地震勘探。所述透声耐压桶10既具有密封抗压性能，又具有良好的透声性能。
本实例中的透声耐压桶10可以工作于2000m水深高的静压环境中。
所述所述第一浮力柱11和所述第二浮力柱12的材料均为玻璃微珠浮力材料，所述第一浮力柱11和所述第二浮力柱12均用于抵消所述高压电极阵列8和所述金属框架9的重量，使得多电极发射列阵4的整体呈现近似零浮力。
所述电解质溶液用于作为所述多电极发射列阵4的高压电位与零电位之间的放电通道。
所述高压转接盒13用于转接高压。
图6为本发明实施例一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统中多通道水听器线列阵的结构示意图。
参见图6，所述多通道水听器线列阵5包括光电转换包、前弹性段14、工作段15、数字包、后弹性段16和阻力伞17。
所述前弹性段14与所述光电复合缆6之间通过所述光电转换包连接，所述光电转换包，可以将多通道水听器线列阵5采集的地震数据及其状态信息，由电信号转换为光纤信号，还可以将多通道水声数据采集装置发送给多通道水听器线列阵5的控制信息，由光纤信号转换为电信号。
所述前弹性段14用于隔离水下移动平台和多电极发射列阵产生的机械振动，减弱机械振动对所述工作段15的干扰。
所述多通道水听器线列阵5包括至少1个所述工作段15，每个所述工作段15内包含至少1组水听器，每组水听器为1个水声通道，每组水听器至少包含1个水听器18，当1组水听器内包含多个水听器18时，组内多个水听器18以相同或者不同的间距排列，并且多个水听器18以并联或串联的方式连接。
所述前弹性段14与所述工作段15之间通过所述数字包连接，多个所述工作段15之间通过所述数字包连接，所述工作段15与所述后弹性段之间通过所述数字包连接，所述数字包用于将模拟电信号转换为数字电信号。
所述后弹性段16用于隔离尾部噪声。
所述阻力伞17与所述后弹性段16连接，用于保持所述多通道水听器线列阵5的姿态。
所述多通道水听器线列阵5的内部充填有液体、胶体或固体的浮力材料，所述浮力材料使总体系统呈微弱的正浮力。
本实例中的光电复合缆6，外部由KEVLAR等芳纶纤维材料加强，负责光、电信号的传输，其中光、电信号包括：①声源主机中储能电容组的快速放电所产生的高压、大电流脉冲信号；②为多通道水听器线列阵供电的直流电源；③多通道水听器线列阵采集的地震数据及其状态信息，为光纤信号；④多通道水声数据采集装置发送给多通道水听器线列阵的控制信息，为光纤信号。
所述光电复合缆6，用于拖曳多电极发射列阵和多通道水听器线列阵 5，可以承载较大拉力；隔离多电极发射列阵产生的机械振动，防止多电极发射列阵4放电激发时的振动干扰水下移动平台2；隔离多电极发射列阵产生的电磁干扰，防止多电极发射列阵4放电激发时的强电磁波干扰水下移动平台2。
上述实施例中的基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，在实际应用中，具体工作过程如下：
(1)调查船到达既定工作海域；
(2)用户通过以太网络接口，一方面对多通道水声数据采集装置的工作参数进行设置，例如采样间隔、采样率、采样长度等工作参数，并将多通道水声数据采集装置设置于自动工作模式，测试设备处于正常工作状态；另一方面间接地对声源主机的工作参数进行设置，例如激发能量、工作模式、激发间隔、工作时间表等工作参数，并将将声源主机设置于内触发工作模式，测试设备处于正常工作状态；
(3)将设置有电路集成装置的外挂式电子舱，通过挂载机构挂载于自主式水下潜器上；
(4)将多电极发射列阵、多通道水听器线列阵通过尾部挂接杆安装在自主式水下潜器的尾部，并将多电极发射列阵、多通道水听器线列阵通过光电复合缆与外挂式电子舱相连接，光电复合缆、多电极发射列阵、多通道水听器线列阵均拖曳于自主式水下潜器的尾部且呈水平状态；
(5)设置自主式水下潜器的参数，将自主式水下潜器布放到海面，使自主式水下潜器按照设置好的工作参数、工作深度、工作航线航行；
(6)当自主式水下潜器到达指定深度时，声源主机控制多电极发射列阵开始工作，多电极发射列阵按照既定激发间隔发射声波(人工源地震波)；
(7)发射的声波经过地层反射后，由多通道水听器线列阵接收；
(8)多通道水听器线列阵将接收到的经地层反射后的声波发送至外挂式电子舱中的多通道采集装置，多通道采集装置中的逻辑控制模块对数据进行解析，并将解析后的数据发送至微处理器模块和存储管理模块，微处理器模块将解析后数据经以太网接口实时发送至上一级的控制设备，存 储管理模块将解析的数据本地存储。
(9)工作结束后，声源主机关闭，多通道水声数据采集装置关闭，上一级的控制设备命令自主式水下潜器返回水面到达调查船附近；
(10)将自主式水下潜器及多电极发射列阵回收到调查船甲板；
(11)为自主式水下潜器和外挂式电子舱中的电池组充电，准备下一阶段布放工作。
本实例中的基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，具有以下优点：
(1)可以方便的应用于水下移动平台；
(2)在深海海域进行地震探测作业时，由于声源近海底拖曳，相比于海面声源，避免了大深度海水对声波(特别是高频声波)的大幅度衰减，提高了地震探测分辨率，增加地层穿透深度；
(3)多电极发射阵拖曳于水下运载器后方，减弱了声源发射对运载器的振动和干扰，可以发射高大声源级的声波；
(4)透声耐压桶的使用，使得设备可以在深水高静压条件下使用，产生的声信号频谱与近海面产生的声源级、频谱相当。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种变化。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，其特征在于，包括：外挂式电子舱、电路集成装置、水下移动平台、挂载机构、多电极发射列阵和多通道水听器线列阵；
    所述外挂式电子舱通过所述挂载机构外挂固定在所述水下移动平台上，所述电路集成装置设置在所述外挂式电子舱内，所述电路集成装置与所述多电极发射列阵连接，所述多电极发射列阵与所述多通道水听器线列阵连接；
    所述电路集成装置包括多通道水声数据采集装置、声源主机、光电接驳盒和电池组，所述多通道水声数据采集装置与所述声源主机连接，所述光电接驳盒分别与所述多通道水声数据采集装置、所述声源主机、所述电池组以及所述多电极发射列阵连接，所述多通道水声数据采集装置用于采集所述多通道水听器线列阵接收到的水声数据，所述声源主机用于控制所述多电极发射列阵放电激发声波，所述光电接驳盒用于对接收到的光信号或电信号进行转接并对所述电池组进行管理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括光电复合电缆，所述电路集成装置通过所述光电复合电缆与所述多电极发射列阵连接，所述光电复合电缆穿过所述多电极发射列阵与所述多通道水听器线列阵连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括尾部挂接杆，所述尾部挂接杆的一端与所述水下移动平台的尾部固定连接，所述尾部挂接杆的另一端与所述光电复合电缆挂接，所述尾部挂接杆用于承受所述水下移动平台航行过程中所述光电复合电缆、所述多电极发射列阵以及所述多通道水听器线列阵的拖曳拉力。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，其特征在于，所述多通道水声数据采集装置包括：
    微处理器、逻辑控制器、光纤数传接口、外围传感器、机内自检装置、时钟管理模块、声源主机接口、以太网接口和存储管理模块；
    所述微处理器分别与所述水下移动平台、所述逻辑控制器、所述外围 传感器、所述声源主机接口和所述以太网接口连接，所述声源主机接口与所述声源主机连接，所述微处理器用于将预设参数发送至所述逻辑控制器和所述多通道水听器线列阵，同时将触发信号发送至所述声源主机和所述多通道水听器线列阵，将接收到的所述外围传感器数据发送至所述逻辑控制模块，并实时接收所述逻辑控制器发送的数据，通过以太网接口将所述数据实时发送，所述预设参数包括预设采用间隔、预设采样率以及预设记录长度；
    所述逻辑控制器分别与所述光纤数传接口、所述机内自检装置、所述时钟管理模块和所述存储管理模块连接，所述光纤数传接口与所述光电接驳盒连接，所述逻辑控制器用于接收所述多通道水听器线列阵发送的地震数据，对所述地震数据进行解析，将解析后的地震数据实时发送至微处理器模块和所述存储管理模块；
    所述光纤数传接口用于进行光电转换；
    所述外围传感器包括深度传感器、高度传感器、温度传感器和姿态传感器；
    所述机内自检模块用于实时监测和测试；
    所述时钟管理模块采用高精度晶振或者原子钟作为系统的时钟源；
    所述声源主机接口用于对所述声源主机输出触发脉冲信号以及对所述声源主机进行激发能量参数设置；
    所述以太网接口用于连接上一级的控制设备；
    所述存储管理模块用于存储解析后的地震数据。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，其特征在于，所述声源主机包括：
    中央控制器、升压整流充电电路、储能电容组、全固体放电开关、以及与所述中央控制器均连接的充电控制电路、采样电路、放电开关控制电路、串行接口、光电隔离接口；
    所述储能电容组分别与所述升压整流充电电路、所述全固体放电开关以及所述采样电路连接，所述升压整流充电电路与所述充电控制电路连 接，所述全固体放电开关与所述放电开关控制电路连接，所述全固体放电开关连接所述光电接驳盒，所述串行接口和所述光电隔离接口均所述多通道水声数据采集装置连接；
    所述中央控制器用于控制所述充电控制电路开始充电或结束充电以及控制所述放电开关控制电路闭合；
    所述升压整流充电电路，用于对所述储能电容组进行充电；
    所述储能电容组，由多个脉冲储能电容组成；
    所述全固体放电开关用于实现所述储能电容组的单脉冲快速放电；
    所述充电控制电路用于根据所述中央控制器的命令，启动或者停止充电；
    所述采样电路用于对所述储能电容组的电压进行分压采样，获得电容电压值，并将所述电容电压值传送至所述中央控制器；
    所述放电开关控制电路，用于控制所述储能电容组电能释放；
    所述串行接口用于所述声源主机与所述多通道水声数据采集装置之间的通讯；
    所述光电隔离接口用于接收外部触发信号，并将所述外部触发信号发送至所述中央控制器；
    所述无线网络接口用于接收用户设置的声源参数，并将所述声源参数传送至所述中央控制器，所述声源参数包括激发能量、工作模式、激发间隔和工作时间表，所述无线网络接口为蓝牙接口或者WIFI接口。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，其特征在于，所述多电极发射列阵包括高压电极阵列、金属框架、透声耐压桶、第一浮力柱、第二浮力柱、高压转接盒以及电解质溶液；
    所述透声耐压桶内充满所述电解质溶液，且所述高压电极阵列、所述金属框架均沉浸于所述电解质溶液内，所述高压转接盒位于所述透声耐压桶的上部，所述第一浮力柱位于所述透声耐压桶的首端，所述第二浮力柱位于所述透声耐压桶的尾端，所述第一浮力柱和所述第二浮力柱均与所述透声耐压桶固定连接，所述高压电极阵列与高电位电线连接，所述金属框 架与零电位电线连接；
    所述高压电极阵列包括多个高压放电电极，用于作为所述多电极发射列阵的放电的高压电位；
    所述金属框架用于作为所述多电极发射列阵的放电的零电位；
    所述透声耐压桶用于隔绝深水高静压环境，使所述高压电极阵列和所述金属框架处于常压环境；
    所述第一浮力柱和所述第二浮力柱均用于抵消所述高压电极阵列和所述金属框架的重量；
    所述电解质溶液用于作为所述多电极发射列阵的高压电位与零电位之间的放电通道；
    所述高压转接盒用于转接高压。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，其特征在于，所述多通道水听器线列阵包括光电转换包、前弹性段、工作段、数字包和后弹性段；
    所述光电复合缆通过所述光电转换包与所述前弹性段连接，所述前弹性段通过所述数字包与所述工作段连接，多个所述工作段之间通过所述数字包连接，所述工作段通过所述数字包与所述后弹性段连接；
    所述光电转换包用于将所述多通道水听器线列阵采集到的地震数据及其状态信息转换为光纤信号，并将多通道水声数据采集装置发送至所述多通道水听器线列阵的控制信息转换为电信号；
    所述前弹性段用于隔离所述水下移动平台和所述多电极发射列阵产生的机械振动；
    所述工作段包括多个水听器，用于采集水声信号，并将所述水声信号转换为模拟电信号；
    所述数字包用于将所述模拟电信号转换为数字电信号；
    所述后弹性段用于隔离尾部噪声。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，其特征在于，所述透声耐压桶的材料为碳纤维材料；所述所述第一浮力柱 和所述第二浮力柱的材料均为玻璃微珠浮力材料。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，其特征在于，所述多通道水听器线列阵还包括阻力伞，所述阻力伞与所述后弹性段连接，用于保持所述多通道水听器线列阵的姿态。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于水下移动平台的地震勘探系统，其特征在于，所述外挂式电子舱与所述水下移动平台、所述光电复合缆均通过水密接插件连接。
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