WO2019127125A1 - 一种基于石墨的有机肥料干粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于石墨的有机肥料干粉的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019127125A1 WO2019127125A1 PCT/CN2017/119076 CN2017119076W WO2019127125A1 WO 2019127125 A1 WO2019127125 A1 WO 2019127125A1 CN 2017119076 W CN2017119076 W CN 2017119076W WO 2019127125 A1 WO2019127125 A1 WO 2019127125A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a method for preparing a dry powder of organic fertilizer based on graphite.
- graphite As a form of carbon, graphite is widely used in various industries because of its good physical and chemical properties.
- the technical problem mainly solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a dry powder of organic fertilizer based on graphite, which can fully utilize resources and can reduce the preparation cost of organic fertilizer.
- a technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a dry powder of organic fertilizer based on graphite, the method comprising: separately providing an organic fertilizer raw material and a graphite waste slurry; according to the requirements of organic fertilizer fermentation And mixing the organic fertilizer raw material and the graphite waste slurry and performing a fermentation reaction; and concentrating the mixture after the fermentation reaction to obtain the organic fertilizer dry powder.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart showing an embodiment of a method for preparing an organic fertilizer dry powder of the present invention.
- Step S103 The mixture after the fermentation reaction is concentrated to obtain a dry powder of organic fertilizer.
- the organic fertilizer in the present embodiment refers to a type of fertilizer containing organic substances, which can provide various inorganic nutrients and organic nutrients of crops, and can fertilize and improve soil.
- Organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter and nutrients needed for crop growth. They not only provide the nutrients needed for crop growth, improve soil, but also improve crop quality, increase crop yield, promote high yield and stability of crops, maintain soil fertility, and increase fertilizer. Utilization, reducing production costs.
- Organic fertilizer raw materials which are the raw materials needed to produce organic fertilizers.
- the organic fertilizer raw material in the embodiment may be: agricultural waste, such as straw, soybean meal, cotton aphid, mushroom residue, biogas residue, microbial residue, lignin residue, etc.; livestock and poultry manure, such as chicken manure, cattle and sheep, horse dung, rabbit Feces; industrial waste, such as distiller's grains, vinegar grains, cassava residue, sugar residue, furfural residue, etc.; domestic garbage, such as kitchen waste; urban sludge, such as river silt, sewer sludge, etc.; biogas slurry.
- the organic fertilizer raw material may be an organic fertilizer raw material after the pulverization, and may be, for example, an organic fertilizer raw material pulverized by a pulverizer or the like.
- the pulverized organic fertilizer raw material can increase the specific surface area of the organic fertilizer raw material, which is beneficial to the dissolution of the anti-nutritional factors lignin and silica, and facilitates the intercalation of the microbial hyphae during the fermentation reaction, thereby improving the enzymatic efficiency. .
- the plant fiber powder may have a particle diameter of 5 to 50 ⁇ m, specifically 5 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, or the like.
- the particle size of the appropriate plant fiber powder can be comprehensively selected.
- the plant fiber powder may be a powder after the straw is pulverized.
- the straw in the present embodiment includes the remainder of wheat, rice, corn, potato, oil, cotton, sugar cane, and other crops after harvesting the seeds. More than half of the photosynthesis products of crops are found in straw, which is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter. It is a multi-purpose renewable biological resource.
- the straw in the present embodiment may be at least one of corn stover, sorghum straw, wheat straw, straw, rice husk, bean straw, cotton stalk, wood chips, and tree branches.
- the graphite scrap slurry may be a slurry of graphite processed waste, and may specifically be the most inferior scrap slurry in the preparation process of graphite.
- Graphite is a non-metallic compound that has been crystallized and crystallized by organic organisms 200 million years ago. The remaining waste slurry of the graphite processing process contains all the nutrients required by almost ancient organisms and modern organisms, and the ratio is most appropriate and natural.
- the graphite waste slurry used may have a water content of 50% to 90%, for example, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or the like.
- the dry material of the graphite waste slurry contains nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, sodium, manganese, iron, and other nutrients required for the growth of crops.
- the graphite waste slurry contains 0.5% to 2% of nitrogen, 0.5% to 3% of phosphorus, 0.05% to 1% of potassium, 0.05% to 1% of calcium, 0.06% to 1% of magnesium, and 0.02% to 0.09% of sulfur.
- Sodium is 0.01% to 0.03%
- manganese is 0.01% to 0.02%
- iron is 0.01% to 0.02%.
- the slurry formed by the dry powder having a low graphite content after treatment may of course be a waste slurry produced in other processes in the graphite processing process; in addition, the graphite processing in the present embodiment may also refer to the finished graphite being recovered.
- the graphite scrap slurry at this time can be the scrap slurry produced in the graphite reprocessing process.
- the separated useful graphite slurry is subjected to centrifugal drying treatment, and after the centrifugal drying treatment, the dry powder having a low graphite content can be used for the preparation of the organic fertilizer in the present embodiment.
- the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer raw material to the graphite scrap slurry is 2:1 to 5:1, and may be, for example, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 or the like.
- the method further comprises: concentrating the graphite waste slurry into a semi-dry graphite waste slurry.
- the graphite scrap slurry produced by processing the graphite is recycled and used together with the organic fertilizer raw material to form an organic fertilizer dry powder, thereby turning waste into treasure and realizing full utilization of resources;
- the addition of a low-cost, fully nutritious graphite waste slurry to organic fertilizer raw materials eliminates the need for additional nutrients, thereby significantly reducing the cost of organic fertilizer preparation.
- the microorganism is inoculated into the formed mixture, and then introduced into a greenhouse or a solid fermentor to carry out a fermentation reaction.
- a fermentation reaction When fermenting, single-fermentation fermentation or mixed-fermentation fermentation may be employed.
- the strain may include cellulose, hemicellulose-decomposing bacteria, and may be, for example, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Shiitake, etc., and may also include nutrient-enhancing bacteria, for example It can be yeast, which can provide amino acids for organic fertilizers and provide nutrients such as vitamins.
- the organic fertilizer raw material and the graphite waste slurry may be mixed according to the requirements of the organic fertilizer fermentation, and a predetermined amount of yeast may be added to carry out the fermentation reaction, wherein the specific amount of the yeast may be determined according to actual needs, with reference to the specific application of the organic fertilizer.
- the object, the organic fertilizer raw material and the amount of the graphite processing waste slurry are added, for example, 100 g to 2000 g of yeast may be added to the mixture of the organic fertilizer raw material and the graphite waste slurry, specifically, 50 g, 75 g, 100 g. 150g, 200g, 500g, 1000g, 2000g, etc.
- the yeast may be a composite yeast combination, and may include a flora that fermentatively decomposes lignocellulosic molecules, a starter that promotes repeated repeated fermentation of the flora, and the like; more specifically, the composite yeast combination may further include photosynthetic bacteria, pay-off Bacteria, yeast, Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, filamentous fungi, and the like. Different combinations of yeasts can be used for different organic fertilizer feedstocks.
- an appropriate amount of water may be added to the mixture of the organic fertilizer raw material and the graphite waste slurry to control the water content to be about 60% to 70%, such as 60%, 65%, 70%, and the like.
- a variety of crop straw mixed fermentation such as corn stover and wheat straw can be mixed, so that the nutrition is more comprehensive and the effect is better.
- the fermentation start temperature is controlled above 10 ° C, such as 15 ° C, 18 ° C, 20 ° C, the fermentation temperature can be controlled at 60 ⁇ 80 ° C, specifically 60 ° C, 65 ° C, 70 ° C, 75 ° C, 80 ° C and so on.
- the weight of raw materials for each fermentation straw is generally not less than 15 kg, and the amount is too small to heat up, and it is difficult to ensure the quality of fermentation. Of course, it can be less than 15 kg in the case of ensuring the quality of the fermentation.
- the specific fermentation conditions can be adaptively adjusted according to the amount of the organic fertilizer raw material, the amount of the graphite waste slurry, and the type of the fermented strain.
- 750 kg of straw can be mixed with 250 kg of graphite waste slurry having a water content of 70%, and according to the fermentation requirements, 100 g of yeast is added, and the pH is adjusted to 6.5 and then carried out in a solid fermentor.
- the fermentation start temperature is 15 ° C.
- the fermentation temperature is controlled at 70 ° C, and the organic fertilizer fermentation is completed 15 days later.
- the organic fertilizer prepared by the embodiment can be applied in various growth stages of crops, and the organic fertilizer prepared by the embodiment can increase the soil organic matter content, effectively repair the soil, break the soil compaction, fertility, protect fertilizer and water, and dissolve phosphorus solution.
- Potassium the added yeast enhances crop resistance and resists heavy mites through its biological action principle, and has a good killing inhibitory effect on root rot, vine, wilt and root nematode caused by harmful bacteria
- organic fertilizer contains plants The large amount of nutrients needed, because the various nutrients in organic fertilizers are relatively complete, and these substances are completely non-toxic, harmless and non-polluting natural substances, so they can provide necessary conditions for the production of high-yield, high-quality, non-polluting green foods. .
- a three-effect multi-stage evaporator can be used for three-effect vacuum evaporation. Specifically, it can be vacuum evaporated through three stages. After concentration, the concentrate is further sent to a high-speed centrifugal spray dryer for drying to form an organic fertilizer dry powder, and the resulting organic fertilizer dry powder has a water content of less than 5%.
- the three-effect multi-stage evaporator is used to concentrate the fermented mixture, the heating time is short, the evaporation speed is fast, the concentration ratio is large, and the original effect of the organic fertilizer is effectively maintained.
- the method for preparing the organic fertilizer dry powder of the present invention further comprises:
- the obtained organic fertilizer dry powder is subjected to granulation treatment to form a granulated organic fertilizer.
- Organic fertilizer dry powder granulation is to granulate the fertilizer dry powder by drum granulation, disc granulation, extrusion granulation, high tower granulation, spray granulation, ammonia granulation and other means to form a smooth surface. Round, granular organic fertilizer.
- the organic fertilizer dry powder may be first extruded into a dense chunk in a roller press, and then crushed, sized, and sieved to obtain organic fertilizer product pellets.
- the obtained granular organic fertilizer particles have a circular shape and a particle diameter of 1 to 2 mm.
- the natural graphite ore is crushed and then subjected to centrifugal treatment by a dry refining centrifuge and a wet refining centrifuge, and then gravity flotation in the flotation tower. And using a siphon pump for siphon separation, after the siphon separation, the most inferior graphite scrap slurry obtained.
- 750kg corn stover powder is used as organic fertilizer raw material, mixed with 250kg of the above graphite waste slurry, and added to the composite yeast combination and stirred and put into a fermenter for fermentation reaction, wherein the composite yeast combination includes photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and then the mixture obtained after the fermentation reaction was concentrated to obtain 350 kg of organic fertilizer dry powder.
- the natural graphite ore is crushed and then subjected to centrifugal treatment by a dry refining centrifuge and a wet refining centrifuge, and then gravity flotation in the flotation tower. And the siphon pump is used for siphon separation, and after the siphon separation, the most inferior graphite waste slurry is obtained.
- 800kg of straw powder is used as an organic fertilizer raw material, mixed with 200kg of the above graphite waste slurry, and added to the composite yeast combination and stirred and put into a fermenter for fermentation reaction, wherein the composite yeast combination includes photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, spores Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and then the mixture obtained after the fermentation reaction is concentrated to obtain a dry powder of organic fertilizer.
- the natural graphite ore is crushed and then subjected to centrifugal treatment by a dry refining centrifuge and a wet refining centrifuge, and then gravity flotation in the flotation tower. And the siphon pump is used for siphon separation, and after the siphon separation, the most inferior graphite waste slurry is obtained.
- 700kg wheat straw powder is used as organic fertilizer raw material, mixed with 300kg of the above graphite waste slurry, and added to the composite yeast combination to be mixed and stirred into the fermenter, wherein the composite yeast combination includes photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria Then, the mixture obtained after the fermentation reaction is concentrated to obtain a dry powder of organic fertilizer.
- the organic fertilizer dry powders prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples were applied to the wheat field, and the survival rates of the organic fertilizers in Examples 1 to 3 in wheat were compared with those of the conventional fertilizers.
- the yield can be achieved at a level comparable to that of the conventional organic fertilizer in the comparative example.
- Example 1 added graphite slurry waste to the corn stover powder; and in the comparative example, it was not added, according to the corn stover powder.
- Table 4 The market price, the specific cost comparison is shown in Table 4 below:
- Example 1 As can be clearly seen from Table 4, in Comparative Example and in Example 1, the organic fertilizer raw material was fermented at the same price to prepare an organic fertilizer dry powder, and the yield in the final Example 1 was significantly higher than that in the comparative example. This is because, in addition, the graphite waste slurry is additionally added to the corn stalk powder to carry out the fermentation reaction in the first embodiment, and the yield of the organic fertilizer can be improved to some extent, and the graphite waste slurry is taken from the fine material for preparing the new lithium battery anode material. The unused graphite slurry produced during the process of flake graphite, therefore, the cost is negligible. Therefore, the method for preparing an organic fertilizer in Example 1 can greatly reduce the production cost of the organic fertilizer.
- the organic fertilizer dry powder prepared in Examples 1 to 3 can not only achieve the same fertilizer efficiency as the organic fertilizer in the comparative example, but also can reduce the production cost by using the waste graphite scrap slurry for fermentation under other conditions. At the same time, the waste graphite scrap slurry is recycled to realize the full utilization of resources.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种公开了一种基于石墨的有机肥料干粉的制备方法，该方法包括：分别提供有机肥料原料和石墨废料浆料；按照有机肥料发酵的要求，将所述有机肥料原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应；将发酵反应后的混合物进行浓缩，以获得所述有机肥料干粉。通过上述方式，本发明能够充分利用资源，且能降低有机肥料的制备成本。
Description
本发明涉及肥料制备技术领域，特别是涉及一种基于石墨的有机肥料干粉的制备方法。
石墨作为碳的一种存在形式，因具有良好的物理、化学性质而为各行各业所广泛应用。
石墨的加工方法常见的有物理提纯和化学提纯方法两大类。石墨矿石在加工成所需要的石墨的过程中，会产生大量不被生产所使用的废料，这些废料往往被废弃。
然而，本申请的发明人在长期的研发过程中发现，石墨加工工艺的剩余废料中，含有几乎古生物和现代生物需要的全部营养物质，而且比例最为恰当和天然合理，若能充分利用则将变废为宝，节约资源。
【发明内容】
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于石墨的有机肥料干粉的制备方法，能够充分利用资源，且能降低有机肥料的制备成本。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种基于石墨的有机肥料干粉的制备方法，所述方法包括：分别提供有机肥料原料和石墨废料浆料；按照有机肥料发酵的要求，将所述有机肥料原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应；将发酵反应后的混合物进行浓缩，以获得所述有机肥料干粉。
本发明的有益效果是：区别于现有技术的情况，本发明有机肥料干粉的制备方法，方法包括：分别提供有机肥料原料和石墨废料浆料；按照有机肥料发酵的要求，将有机肥料原料和石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应；将发酵反应 后的混合物进行浓缩，以获得有机肥料干粉。通过上述方式，将石墨经加工后产生的石墨废料浆料回收利用，使其与有机肥料原料共同作用形成有机肥料干粉，从而变废为宝，实现资源的充分利用；另外，由于本发明中向有机肥料原料中加入低成本全营养的石墨废料浆料，无需额外添加其它营养素，从而能够显著降低有机肥料的制备成本。
图1是本发明有机肥料干粉的制备方法一实施方式的流程示意图。
请参阅图1，图1是本发明有机肥料干粉的制备方法一实施方式的流程示意图，该方法包括：
步骤S101：分别提供有机肥料原料和石墨废料浆料；
步骤S102：按照有机肥料发酵的要求，将有机肥料原料和石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应；
步骤S103：将发酵反应后的混合物进行浓缩，以获得有机肥料干粉。
本实施方式中有机肥料是指含有有机物质，既能提供农作物多种无机养分和有机养分，又能培肥改良土壤的一类肥料。有机肥料富含有机物质和作物生长所需的营养物质，不仅能提供作物生长所需养分，改良土壤，还可以改善作物品质，提高作物产量，促进作物高产稳产，保持土壤肥力，同时可提高肥料利用率，降低生产成本。
有机肥料原料，即生产有机肥料所需的原料。本实施方式中有机肥料原料可以为：农业废弃物，如秸秆、豆粕、棉粕、菇渣、沼渣、菌渣、木质素渣等；畜禽粪便，如鸡粪、牛羊马粪、兔粪；工业废弃物，比如酒糟、醋糟、木薯渣、糖渣、糠醛渣等；生活垃圾，如餐厨垃圾等；城市污泥，如河道淤泥、下水道淤泥等；沼液沼渣等。本实施方式中的有机肥料原料来源广，数量大；养分全， 含量低；肥效迟而长，须经微生物分解转化后才能为植物所吸收；改土培肥效果好。
本实施方式中，有机肥料原料可以为粉碎后的有机肥料原料，例如可以是经粉碎机等粉碎后的有机肥料原料。利用粉碎后的有机肥料原料能够增加有机肥料原料的比表面积，有利于其中的抗营养因子木质素和二氧化硅的溶出，同时在进行发酵反应时有利于微生物菌丝的穿插，提高酶解效率。
具体地，有机肥料原料可以为植物纤维粉，即植物纤维经粉碎机等粉碎后的粉末。降低植物纤维粉的粒径能够使其与制备有机肥料的其它原料更充分的接触，提高反应速率。但是，将秸秆等植物纤维处理成粒径太小的植物纤维粉不仅增加对粉碎设备的性能要求，且粒径太小的植物纤维粉容易漂浮在空气中，使生产过程较为不便。因此，植物纤维粉的粒径可以为5～50微米，具体可以为5微米、10微米、20微米、30微米、40微米、50微米等。总之，可以根据有机肥料制备过程的实际需要及当前粉碎设备的性能，综合选择合适的植物纤维粉的粒径。
在一个应用场景中，在植物纤维经粉碎后还可以进一步加入无机氨，去除部分木质素，从而能够进一步为微生物提供氮源。
其中，植物纤维粉可以为秸秆粉碎后的粉末。本实施方式中的秸秆包括小麦、水稻、玉米、薯类、油料、棉花、甘蔗和其它农作物在收获籽实后的剩余部分。农作物光合作用的产物有一半以上存在于秸秆中，秸秆富含氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和有机质等，是一种具有多用途的可再生的生物资源。本实施方式中的秸秆可以是玉米秸、高粱秸、麦秸、稻草、稻壳、豆秸、棉秆、木屑以及树枝中的至少一种。
我国农作物秸秆年产出量巨大，大部分被废弃或者低效率焚烧处理，不仅造成资源浪费，还严重污染环境。本实施方式中，采用秸秆作为有机肥料原料制备有机肥料，来源广、成本低廉，能够实现废物利用，不仅能够防止环境由于秸秆的大量焚烧而造成损害，而且还可大幅度提高农业生产的附加值，有效 增加农民收入。
另外，石墨废料浆料可以是石墨经加工后的废料的浆料，具体可以是石墨的制备工艺过程中最下等的废料浆料。石墨是2亿年前的有机生物长期变化、结晶而来的非金属化合物。石墨加工工艺的剩余废料浆料中，含有几乎古生物和现代生物需要的全部营养物质，而且比例最为恰当和天然合理。本实施方式中，所采用的石墨废料浆料中含水量可在50％～90％，例如可以是50％、60％、70％、80％、90％等。其中，在石墨废料浆料的绝干物料中，含有氮、磷、钾、钙、硫、镁、钠、锰、铁等营养元素，以及其它一些农作物生长所需要的营养元素。具体地，石墨废料浆料中含氮0.5％～2％、磷0.5％～3％、钾0.05％～1％、钙0.05％～1％、镁0.06％～1％、硫0.02％～0.09％、钠0.01％～0.03％、锰0.01％～0.02％、铁0.01％～0.02％。需要指出的是，石墨废料浆料中的营养物质和营养元素元素，一方面可以作为有机肥料原料的补充，被农作物所吸收，有利于减少有机肥料原料的用量，从而降低有机肥料的制作成本。另一方面，石墨废料浆料中的部分营养元素能够作为催化剂催化有机肥料制备的过程，进而提高有机肥料的制作效率。
本实施方式中的石墨加工可以是指将爆破后的石墨原矿矿石通过细化、提纯后得到生产所需要的石墨浆料或石墨干粉的过程，此时石墨废料浆料可以是在进行干法细化、湿法细化过程中经离心机离心处理后废弃的浆料，或者是最后经虹吸分离后得到的废弃不用的石墨含量较低的石墨废料浆料，还可以是在进行离心干燥后得到的石墨含量较低的干粉经处理后形成的浆料，当然也可以是石墨加工过程中其它工艺过程中产生的废料浆料；另外，本实施方式中的石墨加工还可以是指成品石墨经过回收后再次生产加工的过程，此时的石墨废料浆料即可以是石墨再加工过程中产生的废料浆料。
在一个应用场景中，利用新型锂电池的负极材料精细磷片石墨的制备过程中产生的石墨废料浆料作为本实施方式中的石墨废料浆料，具体地，将天然石墨原矿石经粉碎后依次通过干法细化离心机和湿法细化离心机进行离心处理， 然后在浮选塔中重力浮选，并采用虹吸泵进行虹吸分离，在进行虹吸分离后，可得到的最下等的石墨废料浆料，该废料浆料由于石墨含量低而不能够用来制备锂电池负极的石墨废料浆料，从而可以用来作为本实施方式中的石墨废料浆料，并可根据需求将其浓缩成半干石墨废料浆料。进一步，在进行虹吸分离后，对分离出来的有用的石墨浆料进行离心干燥处理，在离心干燥处理后，会分离出来石墨含量较低的干粉也可以用于本实施方式中有机肥料制备。
具体地，本实施方式中，有机肥料原料与石墨废料浆料的质量比例为2:1～5:1，例如可以为2:1、3:1、4:1、5:1等。当然，具体还需要根据石墨废料浆料中的水分含量确定。例如在石墨废料浆料中含水量较高时可将比例适当调高，相反，在石墨废料浆料中含水量较低时可将比例适当调低。
其中，在一个应用场景当中，步骤S102之前，还包括：将石墨废料浆料浓缩成半干石墨废料浆料。
本实施方式中可以通过浓缩机对石墨废料浆料进行浓缩，也可以通过自然蒸发水份进行浓缩或者还可以采用加压浓缩的方式，或者采用离心、过滤、蒸发的方式等均可，此处不做限定，只要浓缩后的浆料在与有机肥料原料混合后适于进行发酵反应即可。
本实施方式中，将石墨经加工后产生的石墨废料浆料回收利用，使其与有机肥料原料共同作用形成有机肥料干粉，从而变废为宝，实现资源的充分利用；另外，由于本发明中向有机肥料原料中加入低成本全营养的石墨废料浆料，无需额外添加其它营养素，从而能够显著降低有机肥料的制备成本。
本实施方式中在有机肥料原料和石墨废料浆料混合后，在形成的混合物中接种微生物，然后进入温室或者固体发酵罐中进行发酵反应。在进行发酵时，可以采用单菌发酵，也可以采用混菌发酵。在采用混菌发酵时，菌种可以包括纤维素、半纤维素分解菌，例如可以是枯草芽孢杆菌，木霉，黑曲霉，根霉，平菇，香菇等，还可以包括营养增强菌，例如可以是酵母，能够为有机肥料提供氨基酸和提供维生素等营养因子。
具体地，可以按照有机肥料发酵的要求，将有机肥料原料和石墨废料浆料混合，并加入预定量的酵母进行发酵反应，其中，具体的酵母的用量可按照实际需求，参考有机肥料的具体施加对象、有机肥料原料与石墨加工废料浆料的量等因素进行添加，例如可以在每吨有机肥料原料和石墨废料浆料的混合物中添加100g～2000g酵母，具体地，可以是50g、75g、100g、150g、200g、500g、1000g、2000g等。
具体地，酵母可以为复合酵母组合，可包括使木质纤维素分子发酵分解的菌群、促进菌群连续重复发酵的发酵剂等；更加具体地，该复合酵母组合还可以包括光合菌、放线菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、丝状真菌等。可以针对不同的有机肥料原料采用不同的符合酵母组合。
在进行发酵反应前，可以在有机肥料原料和石墨废料浆料的混合物中添加适量的清水，使得含水量控制在60％～70％左右，如60％、65％、70％等。同时，可以采用多种作物秸秆混合发酵，如玉米秸与小麦秸混合等等，这样营养更全面，效果更好。
将有机肥料原料和石墨废料浆料混合后，在进行发酵反应前，可适当加入pH调节剂，调节pH至6.0～8.8，具体如6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、8.8等，然后进行发酵反应。其中，具体的发酵反应的时间可根据天气等因素考虑，通常可以为5～15天，夏天时发酵时间可相对短一些，如5天、8天等，冬天时发酵时间可相对长一些，如10天、12天、15天等，不做具体限定。发酵时启动温度控制在10℃以上，如15℃、18℃、20℃，发酵温度可控制在60～80℃，具体可以为60℃、65℃、70℃、75℃、80℃等。
每次发酵秸秆原料重量一般不低于15公斤，量太少不利于升温，难以保证发酵质量。当然，在能保证发酵质量的情况下也可以低于15公斤。
需要指出的是，具体的发酵条件可根据有机肥料原料、石墨废料浆料的量以及发酵的菌种的种类的不通进行适应性调整。例如，在一个应用场景中，可将750kg秸秆与250kg含水量为70％的石墨废料浆料混合，并根据发酵要求， 加入100g的酵母菌，并将pH调节至6.5然后在固体发酵罐中进行发酵反应，发酵启动温度为15℃，在发酵过程中，将发酵温度控制在70℃，15天后即完成有机肥料发酵。
需要指出的是，在采用秸秆进行发酵时，由于各类秸秆营养成分不同，合理搭配原料发酵效果会更好，养分更全面。本实施方式中在进行发酵反应时，可加入多种类型的秸秆原料混合发酵，如可将玉米秸秆与小麦秸秆混合发酵，这样营养更全面，效果更好。相应的，不同类型的秸秆原料可采用不同的复合酵母组合和不同的石墨废料浆料进行发酵反应，当然，也可以根据情况采用相同的复合酵母组合和石墨废料浆料，此处不做具体限定。
通过本实施方式所制备得到的有机肥料在农作物各个生长期均可施用，本实施方式制备的有机肥料能够增加土壤有机质含量，有效修复土壤，破除土壤板结，培肥力，保肥保水，解磷解钾；所添加酵母通过其生物作用原理，增强作物抗性，抗重茬，对有害病菌引起的根腐、蔓枯、枯萎病及根线虫等病虫害有很好的杀害菌抑制作用；有机肥料含有植物需要的大量营养成分，由于有机肥料中各种营养元素比较完全，而且这些物质完全是无毒、无害、无污染的自然物质，因此能够为生产高产、优质、无污染的绿色食品提供必须条件。
本实施方式中，在发酵完成后，可通过普通浓缩或者真空浓缩的方法对发酵后的混合物进行浓缩，以得到有机肥料干粉。
具体地，可采用三效多级蒸发器进行三效真空蒸发。具体可以通过三个阶段的真空蒸发。在浓缩后，进一步将浓缩液送入高速离心喷雾干燥器中进行干燥形成有机肥料干粉，最终形成的有机肥料干粉含水量小于5％。
本实施方式中采用三效多级蒸发器对发酵后的混合物进行浓缩，受热时间短、蒸发速度快，浓缩比重大，有效保持有机肥料的原效。
其中，在一实施方式中，本发明有机肥料干粉的制备方法进一步包括：
对获得的有机肥料干粉进行造粒处理，以形成颗粒状的有机肥料。
有机肥料干粉造粒是将肥料干粉通过转鼓造粒、圆盘造粒、挤压造粒、高 塔造粒、喷浆造粒、氨化造粒等手段进行造粒处理以形成表面光滑的、圆润的颗粒状的有机肥料。具体地，可先在辊压机中将有机肥料干粉挤压成致密大块，然后破碎、整粒、筛分，得到有机肥料产品颗粒。
其中，所得到的颗粒状的有机肥料颗粒为圆形，粒径可以为1～2mm。
本实施方式中，通过有机肥料干粉造粒，能够改善产品物理性质，可减少在存储过程中产生的吸湿、结块和起尘等危害；同时，颗粒肥料适用于使用机具施肥、提高施肥效率；另外，肥料造粒可以把多种养分综合在同一颗粒中，简化施肥作业；施用颗粒肥料与施用有机肥料干粉相比，可减慢养分的溶出速率，从而减少电解质对种子或幼苗的伤害，并减少养分的损失等。
下面通过具体的实施例进一步对本发明的技术方案进行说明：
实施例1
在制备新型锂电池负极材料精细鳞片石墨的过程中，将天然石墨原矿石经粉碎后依次通过干法细化离心机和湿法细化离心机进行离心处理，然后在浮选塔中重力浮选，并采用虹吸泵进行虹吸分离，在进行虹吸分离后，得到的最下等的石墨废料浆料。
将750kg玉米秸粉末作为有机肥料原料，和250kg上述石墨废料浆料混合，并加入复合酵母组合混合搅拌放入发酵罐中进行发酵反应，其中复合酵母组合包括光合菌、放线菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌，然后将发酵反应后得到的混合物进行浓缩，获得有机肥料干粉350kg。
实施例2
在制备新型锂电池负极材料精细鳞片石墨的过程中，将天然石墨原矿石经粉碎后依次通过干法细化离心机和湿法细化离心机进行离心处理，然后在浮选塔中重力浮选，并采用虹吸泵进行虹吸分离，在进行虹吸分离后，得到的最下等的的石墨废料浆料。
将800kg稻草粉末作为有机肥料原料，和200kg上述石墨废料浆料混合，并加入复合酵母组合混合搅拌放入发酵罐中进行发酵反应，其中复合酵母组合 包括光合菌、放线菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌，然后将发酵反应后得到的混合物进行浓缩，获得有机肥料干粉。
实施例3
在制备新型锂电池负极材料精细鳞片石墨的过程中，将天然石墨原矿石经粉碎后依次通过干法细化离心机和湿法细化离心机进行离心处理，然后在浮选塔中重力浮选，并采用虹吸泵进行虹吸分离，在进行虹吸分离后，得到的最下等的的石墨废料浆料。
将700kg麦秸粉末作为有机肥料原料，和300kg上述石墨废料浆料混合，并加入复合酵母组合混合搅拌放入发酵罐中，其中复合酵母组合包括光合菌、放线菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌，然后将发酵反应后得到的混合物进行浓缩，获得有机肥料干粉。
对比例
按照当前普通有机肥料技术，将750kg玉米秸粉末作为有机肥料原料，并加入复合酵母组合混合搅拌放入发酵罐中进行发酵反应，其中复合酵母组合包括光合菌、放线菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌形成的，然后将发酵反应后得到的混合物进行浓缩，获得肥料干粉300kg。
(一)将实施例1～3以及对比例中所制备得到的有机肥料分别进行性能检测以及重金属含量检测，具体检测方法参见NY525-2012有机肥料标准。检测结果分别如下表1、表2所示。
表1 有机肥料干粉性能测试结果对照表
| 项目 | 有机质(wt％) | 总养分(wt％) | 酸碱度(pH) |
| 检测标准 | ≥45 | ≥5.0 | 5.5～8.5 |
| 实施例1 | 63 | 6.2 | 6.5 |
| 实施例2 | 59 | 6.0 | 6.8 |
| 实施例3 | 58 | 5.9 | 6.6 |
| 对比例 | 55 | 5.8 | 6.3 |
表2 有机肥料干粉重金属含量测试结果对照表
从表1和表2中可以看出，采用上述实施例1～3中的方法制备的有机肥料干粉在性能和重金属含量与对比例类似，均符合NY525-2012有机肥料标准，可以投入使用。
(二)将等量的实施例1～3及对比例中所得到的有机肥料干粉施加到同等肥力的小麦田地中，结果如下表：
表3 试验结果
| 项目 | 施肥量(kg/亩) | 成活率(％) | 产量(kg/亩) |
| 实施例1 | 300 | 87 | 452 |
| 实施例2 | 300 | 87 | 445 |
| 实施例3 | 300 | 88 | 455 |
| 对比例 | 300 | 86 | 450 |
从表3中能够看出，实施例1～3与对比例中所制备的有机肥料干粉施加到小麦田地中，与普通肥料相比，实施例1～3中的有机肥料在小麦的成活率以及产量上能够达到与施加对比例中的普通有机肥料相当的水平。
(三)实施例1和对比例中有机肥料原料及酵母均相同，不同之处在于，实施例1在玉米秸粉末中添加了石墨浆料废料；而对比例中则没有添加，根据玉米秸粉末的市售价格，具体成本对照如下表4所示：
表4 成本对照表
| 项目 | 有机肥料原料(元) | 有机肥料干粉产量(kg) |
| 实施例1 | 450～600 | 350 |
| 对比例 | 450～600 | 300 |
由表4能够清楚得看出，对比例与实施例1中，采用相同价格的有机肥料原料进行发酵制备有机肥料干粉，最终实施例1中的产量明显高于对比例。这是因为，实施例1中另外将石墨废料浆料加入玉米秸粉末中一起进行发酵反应，能够在一定程度上提高了有机肥料的产量，而石墨废料浆料取自制备新型锂电 池负极材料精细鳞片石墨的过程中所产生的废弃不用的石墨浆料，因此，成本可以忽略不计。因此，实施例1中制备有机肥料的方法能够大大降低有机肥料的制作成本。
综上，实施例1～3中所制备的有机肥料干粉不仅能够达到与对比例中的有机肥料相当的肥效，而且在其它条件相同的情况下，采用废弃石墨废料浆料进行发酵能够降低制作成本，同时，将废弃的石墨废料浆料回收利用，从而实现资源的充分利用。
以上仅为本发明的实施方式，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (15)
- 一种基于石墨的有机肥料干粉的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：分别提供有机肥料原料和石墨废料浆料；按照有机肥料发酵的要求，将所述有机肥料原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应；将发酵反应后的混合物进行浓缩，以获得所述有机肥料干粉。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述石墨废料浆料为石墨经加工后的废料的浆料。
- 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述按照有机肥料发酵的要求，将所述有机肥料原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应之前，包括：将所述石墨废料浆料浓缩成半干石墨废料浆料。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有机肥料原料为粉碎后的有机肥料原料。
- 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有机肥料原料为植物纤维粉；所述植物纤维粉的粒径为5～50微米。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有机肥料原料与所述石墨废料浆料的质量比例为2:1～5:1。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述石墨废料浆料中氮元素的含量在0.5％以上。
- 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述石墨废料浆料中氮元素的含量在0.5％～2％。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述石墨废料浆料中磷元素的含量在0.5％～3％。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述石墨废料浆料中钾元 素的含量在0.05％～1％。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述按照有机肥料发酵的要求，将所述有机肥料原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合并进行发酵反应，包括：按照有机肥料发酵的要求，将所述有机肥料原料和所述石墨废料浆料混合，并加入预定量的酵母进行发酵反应。
- 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述酵母为复合酵母组合；所述复合酵母组合包括使木质纤维素分子发酵分解的菌群、促进所述菌群连续重复发酵的发酵剂；所述复合酵母组合包括光合菌、放线菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌。
- 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述有机肥料原料为不同类型的秸秆原料；根据不同用户对有机肥料的要求，所述不同类型的秸秆原料采用不同的复合酵母组合和不同的石墨废料浆料进行发酵反应。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将发酵反应后的混合物进行浓缩，以获得所述有机肥料干粉，包括：采用三效多级蒸发器对发酵反应后的混合物进行浓缩，以获得所述有机肥料干粉。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：对获得的所述有机肥料干粉进行造粒处理，以形成颗粒状的有机肥料。
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| CN104119171A (zh) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-10-29 | 许盛英 | 石墨尾矿压缩营养土的生产方法 |
| CN104311344A (zh) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-28 | 肥东县花生原种场 | 一种花生种植有机缓释功能肥及其制备方法 |
| CN104762332A (zh) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-07-08 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种提高蓝藻或秸秆厌氧产甲烷效率的方法 |
| CN107226742A (zh) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-10-03 | 黄忠南 | 一种有利于防治水稻立枯病的微生物肥料的制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104119171A (zh) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-10-29 | 许盛英 | 石墨尾矿压缩营养土的生产方法 |
| CN104311344A (zh) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-28 | 肥东县花生原种场 | 一种花生种植有机缓释功能肥及其制备方法 |
| CN104762332A (zh) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-07-08 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种提高蓝藻或秸秆厌氧产甲烷效率的方法 |
| CN107226742A (zh) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-10-03 | 黄忠南 | 一种有利于防治水稻立枯病的微生物肥料的制备方法 |
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