WO2019125208A1 - Élément combustible pour chaudière domestique à combustible solide - Google Patents

Élément combustible pour chaudière domestique à combustible solide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019125208A1
WO2019125208A1 PCT/RU2018/000436 RU2018000436W WO2019125208A1 WO 2019125208 A1 WO2019125208 A1 WO 2019125208A1 RU 2018000436 W RU2018000436 W RU 2018000436W WO 2019125208 A1 WO2019125208 A1 WO 2019125208A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
fuel cell
wood
traditional
surface area
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2018/000436
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Ирина Владимировна ПРАКИНА
Валерия Олеговна ПРАКИНА
Original Assignee
Ирина Владимировна ПРАКИНА
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ирина Владимировна ПРАКИНА filed Critical Ирина Владимировна ПРАКИНА
Publication of WO2019125208A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019125208A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to fuel cells used to heat residential homes with solid fuel boilers.
  • a known method for producing fuel cells (patent for invention JST® 2421504 RU, IPC C10L 5/44, publ. 06/20/2011), according to which the fuel cell consists of sawdust and cattle-free manure of natural moisture 80-90% in the ratio 1 : 1 by volume.
  • This mixture is molded and dried under natural conditions.
  • the disadvantage of this method is the need to purchase special equipment for mixing and molding, the duration of the technological process associated with drying in natural conditions, the presence of significant production areas for drying fuel cells, and in the cold season, these production areas need to be heated, which leads to an increase in energy consumption.
  • there are large stocks of wood in Russia which could replace Euro-wood and reduce the cost of heating.
  • Estimated cutting areas that determine the allowable amount of wood removal, ensuring the rational and non-destructive use of forests for the conservation of biological diversity, water protection, protective and other useful properties of forests, are not fully explored.
  • Fuel cells such as log firewood are known.
  • Logs are obtained from the trunks of trees and thick branches by cutting them into lengths of 0.25 m and followed by splitting in the longitudinal direction into smaller pieces.
  • Such logs have been used for a long time, so they can be called traditional.
  • the disadvantage of using traditional logs as fuel is their rapid combustion due to the large contact surface with oxygen of the air, which requires additional laying of firewood and increases the cost of the space heating process.
  • the market assortment of domestic boilers is significant and the sizes of the furnaces of different models are different, which makes it difficult for the user to search for firewood of the required specific size and for the manufacturer of firewood due to the uncertainty in creating a stock of products in order to quickly meet the demand of any buyer.
  • a one-time heat source is known (patent for invention N ° 2400530 RU, IPC C10L11 / 00, F23B20 / 00, publ. 09/27/2010), made in the form of a bulk wood body, at least two faces of which are parallel to each other and form it front parts.
  • the three-dimensional body from one of the ends has longitudinal cuts, the depth of which makes up most of its height.
  • the cuts are made in two groups, in each group the cuts are located in parallel planes, and the cuts of one group are at an angle of 70-90 degrees to the cuts of the other group.
  • This one-time heat source can be used for space heating by domestic boilers, but cuts increase labor costs, while cuts increase the area surface heat source and increase the convection, resulting in a burning rate will be great, and the heat transfer is inefficient, because a strong stream of exhaust gases will carry heat through the chimney to the street.
  • the efficiency of solid fuel boilers depends on indicators such as the duration of fuel combustion (to prevent the formation of a strong flow of exhaust gases) and its combustion, which determine the efficiency of heat transfer, in addition, an increase in the duration of combustion reduces the frequency of the furnace loads, which makes space heating more economical.
  • the objective of the proposed utility model is to create a wood fuel cell for solid fuel domestic boilers, ensuring the duration of the combustion process, while cheap and easy to manufacture.
  • the fuel cell for a solid fuel domestic boiler is made in the form of a piece of wood, in which the two opposite end sides are conventionally parallel to each other.
  • the height of the fuel cell is 6-14 cm, and its diameter is 6-16 cm, the end sides of which are conventionally perpendicular to the axis of the tree trunk and have the form of an even cut.
  • the shape of the end sides corresponds to the shape of the tree trunk when it is cross-cut.
  • FIG. 1 is a general schematic view of a fuel cell obtained by transverse cutting of a tree with a conventionally round shape of the trunk;
  • FIG. 2 - a fragment of a schematic representation of a particular case of laying fuel elements in the furnace of a domestic boiler;
  • FIG. 3 - a general schematic view of a traditional log of an elongated cylindrical shape
  • FIG. 4 - a fragment of a schematic diagram of the laying of traditional logs in the furnace of a domestic boiler
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a variant of laying fuel elements in the furnace of a domestic boiler
  • the table contains data comparable in wood volume for comparing the surface area of a fuel cell over the entire range of its height and diameter with the surface area of traditional logs.
  • the fuel cell (figure 1) has the form of a piece of wood, obtained by conventionally parallel cutting of a tree trunk with a diameter of 6-16 cm every 6-14 cm in a direction conventionally perpendicular to the axis of the trunk.
  • the fuel cells thus obtained are similar in appearance to the cylinder with the end sides 1 in the shape of a tree trunk with its transverse sawing (in Fig. 1, the shape is made conditionally round). Height
  • the fuel cell is significantly smaller than the traditional log (Fig. 3) with an elongated shape, the minimum height of which is 0.25 m according to GOST 3243-88 "Firewood".
  • the proposed form of the fuel cell makes it possible to reduce its surface area compared to a traditional log with the form extended in length having the same volume of wood.
  • the duration of burning of two identical in volume, but different in size or shape of pieces of wood is different.
  • the table contains the results of calculations of the values of the areas of the surfaces Si, S 2 and the volumes V), V 2 calculated by the above formulas, and also the results of the comparison of the areas of the surfaces S ] and S 2 .
  • the comparison is made for the entire height range h and diameter d of the proposed fuel cell, namely, height h from 6 cm to 14 cm in 2 cm increments, diameter d from 6 cm to 16 cm in 2 cm increments.
  • the advantages the proposed fuel cell table contains for all comparison items the same length of traditional log 1, equal to 25 cm, which corresponds to the minimum length specified in GOST 3243-88 "Firewood".
  • the table shows that the difference in surface areas of the proposed fuel cell and traditional logs reaches 30%.
  • the duration of combustion of the proposed fuel cell will be longer than that of equal-sized traditional logs under equal combustion conditions. This difference in burning duration will grow. when the ratio of length and diameter changes in the traditional log in the direction of increasing length, provided that the volume is preserved, since the area of traditional logs in this case will increase.
  • the drying process of the proposed element is twice as fast as a log of the same volume. This is explained by the fact that the moisture conductivity of wood along the fibers is 12–18 times greater than across the fibers in the tangential direction, which allows the user to, if necessary, dry the fuel cells near the boiler.
  • the traditional log has a cylindrical shape, while after splitting the firewood has a different appearance, mainly a straight triangular prism, the surface area of which is larger than that of the cylinder.
  • the difference in burning rate of the proposed fuel cell and traditional log will be even more significant.
  • the proposed form of the fuel cell provides a longer combustion, in which the fuel will burn completely, the efficiency of its heat transfer will be higher.
  • the proposed form of its implementation also makes it possible to further reduce the total surface area of the fuel cells when they are placed in the furnace of a domestic boiler in order to increase the burning time.
  • the fuel the element Due to the location of the end sides 1 conditionally parallel to each other and conditionally perpendicular to the axis of the tree trunk, the fuel the element, as mentioned above, has the form of a conditional cylinder, in which the diameter of the end exceeds its height or is approximately equal to it.
  • the end sides obtained by cutting wood, have the form of a flat cut, without irregularities, protrusions and depressions caused by the tree structure, which are obtained by splitting traditional firewood.
  • the above-described properties make it possible to stack fuel cells in the furnace of a domestic boiler with the end sides of each other (Fig. 2).
  • the “column” of fuel cells formed in this way is stable, does not break up into separate elements, the gaps between the elements are so small that they have almost no effect on the thrust and, therefore, on the burning rate, while the area of the “column” is less than the total the sum of the areas of its constituent elements.
  • the above example is a special case of a fragment of the laying of fuel elements in the furnace of a domestic boiler.
  • the options for laying fuel cells can be different, the specific option will be determined by the consumer depending on their preferences and experience.
  • Such options can be: laying the ends 1 on top of each other, both with “posts” and displacing fuel cells, for example, in staggered order on the elements of the adjacent “post”, laying on the side surface 2, including forming “posts” placed horizontally, the combination of laying the ends of each on the other with laying on the side surface, a combination of laying fuel elements of different diameters, etc.
  • the proposed fuel cell has a height of 6 cm to 14 cm and a diameter of 6 cm to 16 cm.
  • the fuel cells allow maximum utilization of the furnace volume of the domestic boiler. Drying of the fuel cells of the proposed size will be fast, which not only reduces the energy consumption for drying in drying chambers, but also allows them to be dried in natural conditions. Height and diameter less than 6 cm are impractical, since this will easily break the mechanical strength of the fuel cell, and laying it into the furnace of a domestic boiler will be laborious. The height of more than 14 cm creates an inconvenience when laying the fuel elements in the furnace, in addition, the drying of such elements will not be fast enough, which will increase their cost.
  • the proposed shape and size of the fuel cells ensure their free passage through the inlet in the furnace of a domestic boiler, which mainly has dimensions: (30 ... 40) cm x (40 ... 50) cm.
  • the shape of the end sides of the fuel cell element corresponds to the shape of a tree trunk when it is cross-cut.
  • the proposed technical solution solves the problem and ensures the achievement of the technical result: - increase the burning time of fuel cells by reducing the surface of contact with oxygen in the air (compared to firewood in the form of traditional logs elongated in shape), which is achieved by reducing the surface area of the fuel cell and reducing the total area of the fuel cells when placed in the furnace of a domestic boiler;
  • the proposed fuel cell provides effective heat dissipation of solid-fuel domestic boilers, while reducing the frequency of the furnace loads, which makes space heating more economical and is simple and cheap to manufacture.
  • the proposed fuel cells can be made from wood obtained from cutting down cutting areas in order to preserve biodiversity, water protection, protective and other useful properties of forests, which contributes to solving environmental problems.
  • the proposed fuel cell is used in practice as follows.
  • Fuel cells are placed in the furnace of a domestic boiler by one of the possible above mentioned methods, for example, to maximize the burning time, face 1 on top of each other, forming "columns", the number of which depends on the size of the domestic boiler and the size of the fuel elements (Fig. 5).
  • Columns the number of which depends on the size of the domestic boiler and the size of the fuel elements (Fig. 5).
  • they are placed vertically (on the sides 2) or inclined towards each other the thinnest fuel cells of small diameter, leaving between them is a gap to create thrust. In the gap place special means for ignition and set fire.
  • the proposed fuel cell can be used not only for heating residential houses with household solid fuel boilers, but also for heating of utility rooms, baths, greenhouses, etc., for making fires outdoors.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément combustible pour chaudière domestique à combustible solide servant au chauffage de bâtiments d'habitation. Cet élément se présente sous forme d'une découpe de bois obtenue lors du sciage approximativement parallèle d'un tronc d'arbre selon un diamètre de 6-16 cm tous les 6-14 cm dans une direction approximativement perpendiculaire à l'axe du tronc. Le côté d'extrémité 1 est approximativement perpendiculaire à l'axe du tronc d'arbre et a une forme de découpe régulière. La superficie de la surface de l'élément est inférieure à la superficie de la surface d'une bûche traditionnelle de forme allongée avec le même volume de bois. La disposition des éléments dans le foyer de la chaudière permet de réduire sensiblement la superficie globale de tous les éléments. La vitesse de combustion du combustible diminue, le combustible brûle totalement, et l'émission de chaleur est accrue. La fréquence de chargement du foyer est réduite par rapport à l'utilisation de bois de chauffage traditionnel, et le chauffage des locaux est plus économique. L'élément possède un faible coût intrinsèque, et sa production est simple et peu coûteuse sans devoir utiliser d'équipements onéreux. Cet élément peut être fait à partir de bois produit lors de l'abattage de parterres à des fins écologiques.
PCT/RU2018/000436 2017-12-20 2018-07-02 Élément combustible pour chaudière domestique à combustible solide WO2019125208A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2017144932 2017-12-20
RU2017144932 2017-12-20

Publications (1)

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WO2019125208A1 true WO2019125208A1 (fr) 2019-06-27

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PCT/RU2018/000436 WO2019125208A1 (fr) 2017-12-20 2018-07-02 Élément combustible pour chaudière domestique à combustible solide

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2078795C1 (ru) * 1992-01-30 1997-05-10 Акционерное общество "Эколюкс" Формованное топливо
US20060230673A1 (en) * 2005-04-15 2006-10-19 Barford Eric D Whole timber firelog impregnated with combustible material
RU2400530C2 (ru) * 2008-12-01 2010-09-27 Василий Геннадьевич Лебедев Одноразовый источник тепла

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2078795C1 (ru) * 1992-01-30 1997-05-10 Акционерное общество "Эколюкс" Формованное топливо
US20060230673A1 (en) * 2005-04-15 2006-10-19 Barford Eric D Whole timber firelog impregnated with combustible material
RU2400530C2 (ru) * 2008-12-01 2010-09-27 Василий Геннадьевич Лебедев Одноразовый источник тепла

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