WO2019118904A1 - Procédé d'application en surface d'un dispositif de sécurité sur un trou formé par machine à papier - Google Patents

Procédé d'application en surface d'un dispositif de sécurité sur un trou formé par machine à papier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019118904A1
WO2019118904A1 PCT/US2018/065807 US2018065807W WO2019118904A1 WO 2019118904 A1 WO2019118904 A1 WO 2019118904A1 US 2018065807 W US2018065807 W US 2018065807W WO 2019118904 A1 WO2019118904 A1 WO 2019118904A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
security device
sheet material
fibrous
region
fibrous sheet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/065807
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Giles D. Prett
Manish Jain
Kraig M. Brigham
Original Assignee
Crane & Co., Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US15/842,142 external-priority patent/US10562335B2/en
Application filed by Crane & Co., Inc. filed Critical Crane & Co., Inc.
Priority to RU2020123078A priority Critical patent/RU2774535C2/ru
Priority to CN201880080558.1A priority patent/CN111511572B/zh
Priority to KR1020207017592A priority patent/KR102665889B1/ko
Priority to JP2020532047A priority patent/JP2021506622A/ja
Priority to EP18888658.4A priority patent/EP3723996A4/fr
Publication of WO2019118904A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019118904A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/333—Watermarks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/346—Perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sheet material having through-holes with one or more security devices coupled to the through-holes.
  • Sheet materials are exemplarily used to form security documents which comprise the aforementioned through- holes and coupled security device.
  • the present invention also generally relates to a method for preparing such a sheet material; a method of forming a security document; and means of securing these documents through the coupling of the through-holes with the security device(s).
  • Through-holes described herein include "soft-edged" through- holes.
  • a further aspect of the present invention also includes methods of forming soft-edged through-holes in a sheet material or, more particularly, in a security document.
  • Security devices which non-exclusively include various forms of stripes, bands, threads, or ribbons, are used extensively for securing or aestheticizing high security and high value documents, providing visual and/or machine detectable means for verifying the authenticity of these documents.
  • These security devices may be either fully embedded or partially embedded in the documents, or mounted on a surface thereof.
  • Security devices that are at least partially embedded can be applied to a forming fibrous web by introducing the security device into the fibrous web during a wet stage of a paper manufacturing process.
  • introduction of security devices into the fibrous web in this stage while suitable for embedded and partially embedded security devices, have heretofore been impractical for surface applied security devices since the resulting sheet material or document would be susceptible to reduced durability (e.g., circulation durability).
  • One alternative for obtaining a surface applied security device is to apply the security device to a surface of a fully formed fibrous substrate.
  • application to a fully formed fibrous substrate is accompanied by other substantial limitations. For example, this substantially limits the thickness range of the security device that can be used.
  • surface application is limited to the very thinnest of security devices, such as less than 15 microns (pm).
  • Thicker security devices are generally excluded from such applications at least in part because the resulting caliper differential on a resulting sheet material affects downstream processing.
  • the term "caliper differential" refers to the height difference measured from the upper surface of the bulk region of the sheet material to the upper surface of the security device. As such the caliper differential can be negative or positive.
  • the caliper differential will be negative. Conversely, where the upper surface of the security device rests above the height of the upper surface of the bulk region of the sheet material, the caliper differential will be positive. Alternatively, a zero caliper differential indicates that the upper surface of the security device is flushed with the upper surface of the bulk region. Due to the caliper differential produced with thicker security devices that are introduced either in a dry stage of the paper manufacturing process or in a post application process, downstream processes such as winding, sheeting, stacking, cutting and processing through ATMs are impacted in terms of time and costs. Significantly, stacks produced this way are not press-ready or print ready.
  • the present invention addresses at least one of the above needs by providing a sheet material, security document, and a method for the surface application of a security device to a fibrous sheet material or document by introducing the security device to a forming fibrous web during a wet stage of paper manufacturing.
  • the security device is applied over one or more 'soft-edged' through-holes formed in the fibrous web.
  • the security device in this embodiment is prepared from a structural film and has a thickness of at least about 10 microns, thereby providing the device with sufficient durability to span the through- hole ⁇ ).
  • 'soft-edged' through-hole means a through-hole produced during paper manufacture where fibers in the sheet material extend into the opening circumferenced by the through-hole.
  • the through-hole's opening extends from one side or surface of the web to an opposing side or surface and exhibits distinctive irregularities in the edge region.
  • the distinctive irregularities result from the lack of a sharp cut edge and include irregular accumulations of fibers in the edge area and/or fibers which extend into the opening. Where such through openings have distinctive irregularities that often vary and are not easy to reproduce, these openings function as authenticity features having high security value.
  • the method of the present invention comprises introducing a security device onto or into a forming fibrous web, optionally over one or more 'soft-edged' through-holes formed therein, during a wet stage of the paper manufacturing process where the fibrous web is sufficiently consolidated.
  • the fibrous web is sufficiently consolidated when the fibrous web has a water or moisture content of less than 98% by weight, based on the total weight of the fibrous web.
  • the fibrous web is sufficiently consolidated when the fibrous web is at or near a couch roll or similar tool of a paper machine.
  • the present invention also provides a fibrous sheet material produced by the above method, and a resulting document comprising the fibrous sheet material.
  • the fibrous sheet material has opposing surfaces, at least one recess in one surface thereof, a fibrous sub-region, which is a three-dimensional volume disposed under or beneath the recess, and a fibrous bulk region, which is also a three-dimensional volume disposed next to the recess and the sub-region; a surface applied security device disposed in the recess; and an interface between the surface applied security device and the bulk- and sub-regions of the sheet material; wherein there are fibers in the fibrous sub-region and in the fibrous bulk region that are present in substantially equivalent amounts.
  • the fibrous sub- region is coextensive in the lateral or side direction with the surface applied security device.
  • the three-dimensional sub-region occupies the volume of the fibrous sheet material located underneath the security device.
  • the fibrous bulk region is disposed next to the recess and the sub-region and occupies the remaining volume of the fibrous sheet material.
  • the mass (weight) in this area is first adjusted by adding back the mass (weight) of the area now occupied by the through-hole before comparing the mass (weight) of this area (the sub- region) to the mass (weight) of the bulk region.
  • the fibrous sheet material has opposing surfaces and one or more paper machine made or 'soft-edged' through-holes.
  • the surface applied security device is applied over the through-hole(s), the shape and size of which may be substantially the same as or different from that of the through-hole(s).
  • the surface applied security device may be shaped differently and larger than the through-hole, or it may be sized similar to and only slightly larger than the through-hole.
  • the fibrous sheet material and document formed therefrom would be similar to that described above except that a through-hole(s) would extend from the recess through an opposing surface of the fibrous sheet material.
  • the fibrous sub-region having a three- dimensional volume would therefore be disposed under or beneath those areas of the recess bordering the through-hole and extend laterally therefrom to the outer perimeter of the surface applied security device. In other words, as noted above, the fibrous sub-region would occupy the space below that occupied by the surface applied security device.
  • the surface applied security device can be introduced during a wet stage where the fibrous web is sufficiently consolidated as, for example, a fully formed wet web.
  • the security device can be adequately forced into the fibrous web to further consolidate the fibers in the sub-region rather than displacing them. This in turn helps in providing increased connective interaction between the fibers and the surface applied security device.
  • at least one of durability, ink adhesion, cross-directional (CD) tensile strength, and backside show-through is improved.
  • the surface applied security devices could be applied in register with at least one other feature in the fibrous web, the fibrous sheet material or a resulting document.
  • the surface applied security device is applied in register with the through-hole(s).
  • applying the security device in register with yet another feature in the fibrous web greatly increases the counterfeit-resistance of the resulting sheet material or document.
  • the security device is introduced during the wet stage of the fibrous web manufacturing process, it is possible to adjust the registration during the paper manufacturing process. Accordingly, further processing steps are avoided that would otherwise be required to correct misalignment of the security device with the other features.
  • intro-device refers to a device used for cutting/punching and/or introducing the security device to the fibrous web during the wet stage. Suitable intro-device is described further herein.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a fibrous sheet material produced by introducing the security device into a fibrous web during a wet stage of paper manufacturing where the fibrous web is not sufficiently consolidated;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a fibrous sheet material produced by introducing the security device onto a fibrous web during or after a dry stage of paper manufacturing when the moisture content is too low to allow pressing of the security device into the substrate to further consolidate the fibers;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of an exemplary embodiment of the fibrous sheet material of the present invention with its surface applied security device, where the security device is introduced into or onto the fibrous web when the fibrous web was sufficiently consolidated;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Fourdrinier paper machine where the security device, in the form of a continuous web, is introduced to a forming fibrous web on a wire after the wet line and before the couch roll;
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a document in accordance with the present invention which has a plurality of discontinuous surface applied security devices (patches and stripes) applied thereto;
  • FIG. 6 is a top plan view of another exemplary embodiment of a document in accordance with the present invention which has a plurality of discontinuous surface applied security devices (patches) that are applied in register with another feature in the document, such as a watermark;
  • FIG. 7a is a plan view of the front side of a fibrous sheet material or document, produced by introducing the security device to a forming fibrous web during a wet stage of the paper manufacturing when the fibrous web is not sufficiently consolidated, after the fibrous sheet material or document has been subjected to one (1) cycle through a Circulation Simulation Test;
  • FIG. 7b is a plan view of the backside of a fibrous sheet material or document, produced by introducing the security device to the fibrous web during a wet stage of the paper manufacturing when the fibrous web is not sufficiently consolidated, after it has been subjected to one (1) cycle through a Circulation Simulation Test and show;
  • FIG. 8a is a plan view of the front side of an exemplary embodiment of a fibrous sheet material or document in accordance with the present invention, produced by introducing the security device to a forming fibrous web during a wet stage of the paper manufacturing when the fibrous web is sufficiently consolidated, after the fibrous sheet material or document has been subjected to one (1) cycle through a Circulation Simulation Test;
  • FIG. 8b is a plan view of the backside of an exemplary embodiment of a fibrous sheet material or document in accordance with the present invention, produced by introducing the security device to the fibrous web during a wet stage of the paper manufacturing when the fibrous web is sufficiently consolidated, after the fibrous sheet material or document has been subjected to one (1) cycle through a Circulation Simulation Test;
  • FIG. 9a is a plan view of the front side of a fibrous sheet material or document, produced by introducing the security device to a forming fibrous web during a wet stage of the paper manufacturing when the fibrous web is not sufficiently consolidated, after the fibrous sheet material or document has been subjected to three (3) cycles through a Circulation Simulation Test;
  • FIG. 9b is a plan view of the backside of a fibrous sheet material or document, produced by introducing the security device to a forming fibrous web during a wet stage of the paper manufacturing when the fibrous web is not sufficiently consolidated, after the fibrous sheet material or document has been subjected to three (3) cycles through a Circulation Simulation Test;
  • FIG. lOa is a plan view of the front side of an exemplary embodiment of a fibrous sheet material or document in accordance with the present invention, produced by introducing the security device to the fibrous web during a wet stage of the paper manufacturing when the fibrous web is sufficiently consolidated, after the fibrous sheet material or document has been subjected to three (3) cycles through a Circulation Simulation Test;
  • FIG. lOb is a plan view of the backside of an exemplary embodiment of a fibrous sheet material or document in accordance with the present invention, produced by introducing the security device to the fibrous web during a wet stage of the paper manufacturing when the fibrous web is sufficiently consolidated, after the fibrous sheet material or document has been subjected to three (3) cycles through a Circulation Simulation Test;
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional side view of another exemplary embodiment of the fibrous sheet material of the present invention (the second aspect) produced by introducing the security device into a fibrous web having opposing surfaces and a paper machine made or 'soft-edged' through-hole.
  • the security device is introduced into or onto the fibrous web once the fibrous web is sufficiently consolidated;
  • FIG. 12 is a is a schematic diagram of a Fourdrinier paper machine where through- holes are introduced in the forming fibrous web using a patterned forming wire and then the security device, in the form of a continuous web, is introduced to the fibrous web after the wet line and before the couch roll.
  • the patterned forming wire is depicted in FIG. 12A before paper stock is discharged from a head box onto the forming wire, while the same forming wire is depicted in FIG. 12B after paper stock has been discharged onto the wire.
  • a fibrous sheet material comprising a surface applied security device.
  • a method for the surface application of a security device to a fibrous sheet material. The method comprises, introducing the security device into or onto a fibrous web during paper manufacturing.
  • the method comprises forming one or more 'soft-edged' through-holes in the fibrous web during paper manufacturing before the fibrous web becomes sufficiently consolidated and then introducing a security device into or onto the fibrous web over the one or more 'soft-edged' through-holes once the fibrous web has become sufficiently consolidated.
  • through-holes are thereby provided with distinctive edge irregularities, which serve as authenticity features having high security value.
  • known processing steps are uninterrupted and additional processing steps are eliminated.
  • security devices thicker than those that could be applied in a dry stage of paper manufacturing can hereby be applied.
  • the method further comprises further consolidating the fibers in the sub-region.
  • the surface applied security device is pressed into the sufficiently consolidated (either uniformly or non- uniformly) fibrous web.
  • the fibers densify in this region such that although the volume of the sub-region is reduced, the amount of fibers in this region are not displaced; at least not in any significant amounts.
  • the fact that the fibers in this region are not displaced greatly reduces if not eliminates the possibility of the through-hole(s) becoming occluded or blocked when the fibers are further consolidated in this region.
  • the term "sufficiently consolidated" will be understood, relative to the present disclosure, by those of ordinary skill in the art, to mean that the fibrous web is in a fully formed wet web state.
  • the fibrous web comprises less than 98% water and/or moisture.
  • the fibrous web comprises greater than 2% fiber and/or pulp.
  • the fibrous web comprises less than 95% water and/or moisture with the remaining 5% of constituents being fiber and/or pulp.
  • the water and/or moisture in the fibrous web ranges from about 60% to less than 98%, or from about 60% to about 95%.
  • Applicant has found that a water and/or moisture content above 98% results in displacement of fibers when the security device is introduced.
  • Significant displacement of the fibers, especially in a sub-region of the substrate results in weak interactions between the security device and the fibers in the substrate.
  • the displacement of fibers reduces the durability and strength of the substrate and reduces the camouflaging effect provided in the sub-region and in the hinge area.
  • these weak interactions especially at the interfacing edges of the security device, results in the problems identified above.
  • the fibrous web has less than 60% water and/or moisture
  • introduction of the security device during the paper manufacturing process does not sufficiently allow the recessing of the security device to accommodate thicker security devices while still maintaining a low caliper differential.
  • the fibers in the sub-region do not further consolidate enough to secure the fibers near the interfacing edges of the security device.
  • the term "recessing” refers to the pressing of the security device into the fibrous web to form a relief/recess in the substrate surface of the fibrous sheet material such that at least a portion of the height of the security device is recessed below the surface height of the bulk region while a top or upper surface area of the security device remains exposed.
  • the wet stage can be adjusted to be at various locations along a paper manufacturing machine and the present invention contemplates all of those possibilities.
  • the security device is applied into or onto a forming fibrous web during a wet stage of the paper manufacturing process, such as for example, at or near a couch roll or similar tool of a paper machine when the fibrous web constitutes a sufficiently consolidated, or fully formed wet web (i.e., having a moisture or water level of less than 98% by weight of the fibrous web, preferably from about 60% to less than 98% by weight of the fibrous web; or more preferably from about 60% to about 95% by weight of the fibrous web; or from about 60% to about 90% by weight of the fibrous web, based on the total weight of the fibrous web).
  • suction boxes are typically located right before the couch roll to remove as much moisture as possible before the web leaves the wet end of the machine so as to minimize the burden on the machine's dryer section.
  • the fibrous web upon leaving the cylinder part of the cylinder paper machine (and after the couch roll), will preferably be made up of from about 75% to about 95% water and/or moisture and from about 5% to about 25% pulp or fiber.
  • the stage of paper manufacture where the security device is introduced to the fibrous web is directly after the wet line and before the couch roll. This is the point at which there is no more surface water apparent on an upper side of the fibrous web.
  • the security device is introduced to the fibrous web on or before a vacuum box in the wet end, which advantageously helps set the device into the web.
  • the security device is placed directly to the face of the fibrous web via a delivery wheel, a roller or a contacting shoe.
  • the fibrous web upon moving past or further beyond the couch roll the fibrous web is in a state of being a fully formed web with surface applied security device as it proceeds to the dry end of the paper machine, which consists of both the press section and the dryer section.
  • Security devices of the present invention may be of various thicknesses. However, it has been found that the present inventive process advantageously allows the surface application of security devices that are on the thicker end of the thickness spectrum.
  • the security devices are of thicknesses of up to 100 microns (pm).
  • the security device has a thickness ranging from 5 to 75 pm or more preferably, from 10 to 50pm.
  • the width of the security device is limited only by the width of the fibrous sheet material. In a preferred embodiment, the width ranges from 0.25 to 20 millimeters (mm); more preferably from 0.5 to l5mm.
  • the security device By introducing the security device during a wet stage of paper manufacturing, these security devices can be pressed into the fibrous web to produce a recess in the surface of the resulting fibrous sheet material.
  • the resulting fibrous sheet material comprises a surface applied security device, which has a caliper differential that does not result in the disadvantages identified above.
  • the caliper differential is expressed relative to the thickness of the security device.
  • the absolute value of the caliper differential ranges from 0% to about 80% of the thickness of the security device; preferably less than 10% of the thickness of the security device.
  • the caliper differential ranges from -10 to about 50pm. More preferably, the caliper differential ranges from -5 to 30pm; or from 0 to 25pm.
  • the device is sufficiently thin such that pressing of the security device into the fibrous wet web results is a negative caliper differential (i.e., the thickness or height of the security device is less than the thickness or height of the bulk region).
  • caliper differential is best characterized by a reference to the absolute value of the caliper differential relative to the thickness of the security device.
  • the thickness of the security device is less than 25 pm such that when the security device is pressed into the fibrous web the absolute value of the caliper differential of the surface applied security device ranges from 0% to about 50%; more preferably from 0% to about 30%; even more preferably from about 0% to about 10% of the thickness of the security device.
  • the thickness of the security device is again less than 25pm such that further consolidation of the sub-region by pressing the security device into the fibrous web, produces a caliper differential ranging from -10 to 15 pm; preferably -5 to lOpm.
  • the thickness of the security device is greater than 25 pm such that further consolidation of the sub-region by pressing the security device into the fibrous web produces a caliper differential ranging from -10 to 50pm; preferably from -5 to 25pm or from 0 to 15 pm.
  • the absolute value of the caliper differential relative to the thickness of the security device ranges from 0% to about 50%.
  • the absolute value of the caliper differential ranges from 0% to about 20% of the thickness of the security device.
  • a "couch roll” will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as a guide or turning roll for a Fourdrinier wire on a Fourdrinier paper machine, positioned where the paper web leaves the wire (i.e., the wet end or paper forming section) and the wire returns to the breast roll.
  • the couch roll serves the same purpose on a cylinder paper machine where the Fourdrinier wire part has been replaced by a cylinder part. Specifically, as the web leaves the cylinder part and travels toward the couch roll, the couch roll guides and turns the web.
  • the fibrous web is non-uniformly sufficiently consolidated.
  • the fibrous web is only sufficiently consolidated at or along a point of introduction.
  • the "point of introduction” refers to the region at or along the fibrous web that is at least partially covered by the security device.
  • the fibrous web is only partially sufficiently consolidated or is sufficiently consolidated in a gradient or matrix pattern, such that at the point of introduction, the fibers are not significantly dispersed to lead to the identified disadvantages.
  • a sufficiently consolidated gradient or matrix pattern can be provided, for example, by selective vacuuming at locations along the forming fibrous web.
  • the moisture content is removed in a gradient or matrix pattern by applying a radiation source (i.e., heat) to remove top-surface water at selected locations along the forming fibrous web.
  • a radiation source i.e., heat
  • interface can be formed by either direct or indirect contact between the security device and the substrate. Where the interface is direct, the security device is in direct contact with the fibers in the substrate. However, it is contemplated that the security device forms an indirect interface along some or all bottom and side surfaces with the substrate. For example, the interface may comprise other materials between the security device and the substrate.
  • fibrous or polymeric materials for example, monocomponent and/or multicomponent fibers obtained from natural sources such as vegetative sources, or spun from polymer melt compositions, etc., alone or in combination, are particularly suitable.
  • adhesive materials are preferred for forming the indirect interface. Activatable adhesives may be used to anchor or bond the security device onto or within the fibrous web's recessed surface.
  • Suitable adhesives are not limited and include, but are not limited to, water-, heat- and/or pressure-activating adhesives that activate in a dryer section of the paper machine, where temperatures reach between 100 °C and 160 °C. These coatings may be applied in the form of solvent-based polymer solutions or aqueous solutions or dispersions.
  • Suitable dispersions are selected from the group of acrylic resin dispersions, epoxy resin dispersions, natural latex dispersions, polyurethane resin dispersions, polyvinyl acetate resin dispersions, polyvinyl alcohol resin dispersions, urea formaldehyde resin dispersions, vinyl acetate resin dispersions, ethylene vinyl acetate resin dispersions, ethylene vinyl alcohol resin dispersions, polyester resin dispersions, and mixtures thereof.
  • the adhesive may alternatively form part of the security device and in such embodiments have a thickness ranging from 5 to about 50pm; preferably from 5 to about 20pm.
  • Security devices suitable for the present invention include those generally used in the art by those of ordinary skill to provide security against forgery or counterfeiting.
  • the security device is preferably formed from a structural film (e.g a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film) and has a caliper or thickness of at least about 10-15 microns, which provides the device with sufficient durability to allow it to span the through-hole(s).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the term "structural film” as used herein is intended to mean a film with structural integrity which is an integral part of the construction of the security device and not, for example, a removable carrier film as is usually used with transfer foils, or the transfer foil itself.
  • the security devices may be those suitable for alternatively or additionally applying aesthetic characteristics to a substrate.
  • Suitable security devices may display information that is humanly perceivable either directly or with the aid of a device or may display information that is additionally or alternatively perceivable by a machine.
  • the security device may employ one or more of the following features: demetalized or selectively metalized, magnetic, combined magnetic and metallic, or embossed regions or layers, color changing coatings made up of color shift, iridescent, liquid crystal, photochromic and/or thermochromic materials, coatings of luminescent and/or magnetic materials, holographic and/or diffractive security features, and micro-optic security features.
  • the security device provides security such that a security or value document can be readily authenticated.
  • the security device comprises an array of focusing elements and an array of image icons where the array of focusing elements and image icons are arranged such that one or more synthetic images are projected by the security device.
  • Focusing elements used in the present invention serve to highlight, magnify, illuminate, or accentuate a small point in the image icon array and include, but are not limited to, both lenticular lenses and non-cylindrical lenses (i.e., micro-lenses).
  • Synthetic imaging which is alluded to above, is a form of integral imaging because the image that is perceived by a viewer is synthesized from hundreds or thousands of individual image fragments magnified by lenses ( e.g ., microlenses) and projected toward a viewer's eyes.
  • the security device is a micro-lens based security device.
  • Such devices generally comprise (a) a light-transmitting polymeric substrate, (b) an arrangement of micro-sized image icons located on or within the polymeric substrate, and (c) an arrangement of focusing elements (e.g., microlenses).
  • the image icon and focusing element arrangements are configured such that when the arrangement of image icons is viewed through the arrangement of focusing elements, one or more synthetic images are projected. These projected images may show a number of different optical effects. Material constructions capable of presenting such effects are described in U.S. Patent No. 7,333,268 to Steenblik et al., U.S. Patent No.
  • the security device that is being surface applied by the present inventive method includes, but is not limited to, micro-optic security devices such as the MOTIONTM micro-optic security device, which is described in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 7,333,268, the RAPIDTM micro-optic security device, holographic security devices (e.g, metalized holographic devices). These devices are available from Crane Currency US, LLC of Massachusetts, USA.
  • suitable devices include, but are not limited to optically variable devices (OVDs) such as the KINEGRAMTM optical data carrier, and color-shift security devices.
  • the security device may be presented in various forms to be introduced to the fibrous web, it has been found most advantageous to provide the security device in the form of a continuous web.
  • the security device can be introduced to the fibrous web in a continuous manner.
  • the continuous web is then sectioned or divided up into a plurality of discontinuous security devices.
  • the sectioning of the continuous web into discontinuous security devices can be accomplished by various cutting and/or punching methods.
  • the method is an in-line application process of the plurality of discontinuous security devices, without the use of a carrier film, to the fibrous web during manufacture on a paper machine.
  • This method comprises providing the security device in the form of a continuous web; cutting or punching the continuous web in a continuous manner to form the discontinuous security devices, each having a desired shape and size; and then applying the discontinuous security devices in a continuous manner onto the fibrous web during paper manufacturing.
  • additional security devices may be applied to the fibrous sheet material; either by surface application, partial embedment or total embedment.
  • an additional security device is applied to the surface of the fibrous sheet material.
  • Said additional device may be introduced to the fibrous web before the surface applied security device is introduced or applied after the surface applied security device is introduced.
  • the additional security device may be different from or similar to the surface applied security device.
  • one of the discontinuous security devices has a thickness of 25 pm or less
  • the security device is introduced to the fibrous web as it travels through the paper machine between the first dryer section and the size press and optionally rewetted to increase the water and/or moisture content to between about 4% and about 7%.
  • the security devices may take various sizes, shapes, or colors.
  • the security device in the form of the discontinuous security device, takes the non-limiting form of a stripe, a band, a thread, a ribbon or a patch. These devices may be from about 2 to about 25 mm (preferably, from about 6 to about 12 mm) in total width, and from about 10 to about 50 microns (preferably, from about 20 to about 40 microns) in total thickness.
  • the security device is a stripe or patch.
  • a "stripe,” as used herein, refers to a security device having a longitudinal length dimension that is substantially longer than its latitudinal width dimension.
  • a "patch,” by contrast, may have substantially equivalent longitudinal and latitudinal lengths and may have uniform or various non-uniform shapes. Various shapes and sizes of stripes and patches are contemplated herein. However, while a stripe or patch may extend to the edge of a fibrous sheet material or a resulting document, in a preferred embodiment, the stripe or patch is located within the perimeter of the fibrous sheet material or document and does not extend to the edge of the sheet material or document.
  • the size ranges from about 5 to about 75 mm, preferably from about 15 mm to about 40 mm in total length and; from about 2 mm to about 50 mm, preferably from about 6 mm to about 25 mm in total width; and from about 10 to about 50 microns, preferably from about 15 microns to about 40 microns in total thickness. All ranges noted herein include all subranges, including integers and fractions.
  • the security device is preferably formed from a structural film (e.g, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film) and has a caliper or thickness of at least about 10-15 microns, which provides the device with sufficient durability to allow it to span the through-hole(s).
  • a structural film e.g, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • various shapes are also contemplated for the security devices; for example, patches, stripes, or threads, geometric shapes such as stars, parallelograms, polygonal (e.g, hexagons, octagons, etc.) shapes, numbers, letters and various symbols.
  • geometric shapes such as stars, parallelograms, polygonal (e.g, hexagons, octagons, etc.) shapes, numbers, letters and various symbols.
  • Simple and complex non-geometric designs are also contemplated as suitable. These shapes and designs can be cut with a rotary die process.
  • the security device is introduced into the forming fibrous web such that it is in register with at least one other feature on or in the substrate of the fibrous web, the fibrous sheet material or the resulting document.
  • the security device is introduced such that a particular feature within the security device is in register with another feature in the fibrous web, the resulting fibrous sheet material or document.
  • the at least one other feature can be varied as necessary relative to the application.
  • the at least one other feature is a watermark, a printed image, a relief structure, another security device, or a paper-borne feature.
  • the security device is introduced such that it is preferably in register with one or more 'soft-edged' through-holes.
  • the security device In introducing the security device to the fibrous web such that it is in register, it is contemplated that the security device, first presented in the form of a continuous web, is delivered to a piece of equipment or system (referred to herein as the intro-device) that can be used to cut/punch the continuous web into discontinuous security devices. While it is possible to use a separate device to cut then apply the security device to the fibrous web, it is preferred that the system used for forming the discontinuous security devices is also used for applying the security devices into or onto the fibrous web. With a single device, it is possible to more precisely apply the security device in register since it requires less moving parts.
  • the placement of the security device is adjustable by the intro-device such that a mis-registered (misaligned with the at least one other feature) security device can be adjusted in a continuous manner to be in register.
  • a mis-registered security device can be adjusted in a continuous manner to be in register.
  • the intro-device is a system that employs either an optical or a fiber-density sensor that checks the registration between the security device and the at least one other feature in the fibrous web, the fibrous material or the resulting document.
  • the intro- device is used to make adjustments in the placement of the security device.
  • the intro-device uses a variable speed advancing device (e.g electric servomechanism with servo drive) that controls the tension on the continuous web such that the discontinuous security device can be applied in register as desired.
  • the point of introduction of the security device is thereby continuously adjusted by modulating a tension on the continuous web.
  • the intro-device may be a rotary die cut and transfer device such as that used in the label industry to apply labels in registration.
  • a method for the formation of one or more 'soft-edged' through-holes in a forming fibrous web and then the surface application of a security device over the through-hole(s).
  • the method comprises: forming one or more 'soft-edged' through-holes in a forming fibrous web during paper manufacturing and once the fibrous web is sufficiently consolidated (uniformly or non- uniformly), introducing a security device into or onto the forming fibrous web over the one or more 'soft-edged' through-holes.
  • the security device and through-hole(s) may be registered in other ways or not at all.
  • the security device and through-hole(s) may be registered in a side-by-side configuration with the security device located next to the through-hole(s) on/in the fibrous web.
  • the method further comprises further consolidating fibers in a sub-region of the fibrous sheet material.
  • the surface applied security device is pressed into the sufficiently consolidated fibrous web.
  • the fibers densify in this region such that although the volume of the sub-region is reduced, the amount of fibers in this region (surrounding the through- hole ⁇ )) are not displaced; at least not in any significant amounts.
  • the through-hole(s) is produced during the wet web stage of paper manufacture before the forming fibrous web becomes "sufficiently consolidated".
  • the fibrous web is not in a fully formed wet web state.
  • the fibrous web comprises a water and/or moisture content above 98 % by weight of the fibrous web.
  • the screen of the paper machine must be provided with at least one water-impermeable element, which prevents sheet formation in this area.
  • the papermaking screen may be a continuously moving forming wire of a Fourdrinier paper machine or a cylinder of a cylinder mold paper machine.
  • the through-hole can adopt any suitable size and shape or outline contour.
  • the through-hole may be circular, oval, star-shaped, formed like a parallelogram (e.g ., square, rectangle) or a trapezium, etc.
  • the hole has at least one crossing dimension that is approximately 1 millimeter (mm) narrower/smaller than the security device placed over it.
  • Crossing dimension refers to the line between two points on the hole that crosses at least a portion of the security device. So, if the hole is 5 mm in diameter, the device would have to have a minimum dimension of at least about 6 mm.
  • the narrowest edge of the device would have to be about 1 mm away from the widest edge of the hole.
  • the shape or outline contour of the through- hole(s) may match or coordinate with the shape or outline contour of the security device and/or an image displayed or projected by the security device.
  • a security device is applied over the through-hole(s).
  • the security device is applied into or onto the forming fibrous web during a wet stage of the paper manufacturing process, such as for example, at or near a couch roll or similar tool of a paper machine when the fibrous web constitutes a sufficiently consolidated, or fully formed wet web (i.e., having a moisture or water level of less than 98% by weight of the fibrous web, preferably from about 60% to less than 98% by weight of the fibrous web; or more preferably from about 60% to about 95% by weight of the fibrous web; or from about 60% to about 90% by weight of the fibrous web, based on the total weight of the fibrous web).
  • the surface applied security device may be shaped the same or different than the through-hole(s) and may be sized much larger or only slightly larger than the through-hole(s).
  • the security device may take the non-limiting form of a stripe, a band, a thread, a ribbon or a patch, while the through-hole may be circular, oval, star-shaped, formed like a parallelogram ( e.g square, rectangle) or a trapezium, or the like.
  • the surface applied security device is an elongate security thread having a width ranging from about 5 to about 20 mm (preferably from about 8 to about 12 mm) that extends along all or part of the entire length or width of a fibrous sheet material made from the fibrous web.
  • the through-hole has a circular shape with a maximum diameter ranging between 5 and 15 mm (preferably from about 7 to about 10 mm), and the surface applied security device is a patch having a complementary or contrasting shape and having a width and length at least 2mm larger than the hole.
  • a fibrous sheet material is provided.
  • the fibrous sheet material as described herein results from further processing of the fibrous web after the security device has been introduced thereto.
  • Said further processing optionally includes a drying step that is applied before or after pressing the security device into the fibrous web.
  • the pressing of the security device into the fibrous web produces a fibrous sheet material having a fibrous bulk region and a fibrous sub-region.
  • the resulting fibrous sheet material which has opposing surfaces and a recess in one opposing surface, comprises: a surface applied security device disposed in the recess; a fibrous sub-region disposed beneath the recess; a fibrous bulk region disposed next to the security device (disposed in the recess) and the sub-region; and an interface between the security device and at least one surface of the fibrous sheet material.
  • the resulting fibrous sheet material has one or more 'soft-edged' through-holes which extend from the recess to an opposing surface of the fibrous sheet material.
  • reference to a bulk region being next to the security device indicates that in a cross-sectional view the bulk region is the three-dimensional region adjacent to the security device along the x-axis.
  • reference to a sub-region being beneath the security device indicates that in a cross-sectional view the sub-region is the three-dimensional region along the y-axis that at least part of the security device covers.
  • the sub-region has a thickness that is less than the thickness of the bulk region such that the surface applied security device has a caliper differential that is less than 80% of the thickness of the security device or as described above in the specified ranges and implied subranges.
  • fibers in the sub-region are further consolidated such that the amount of fibers in the sub-region is substantially equivalent to fibers in at least the immediate adjoining bulk region. In one other embodiment, the amount of fibers in the sub- region is substantially equivalent to the amount of fibers in the bulk region.
  • the term "substantially equivalent”, as reference to the amount of fibers in the bulk- and sub- regions, means that the amount of fibers in each region are within 80% to 100% of the amount in the other; preferably 90% to 100% as characterized by the grams per square meter (gsm) of fibers.
  • the amount of fibers in the sub-region is equivalent to an amount ranging from 80% to about 100% of the bulk region; particularly the immediate adjoining bulk region.
  • the security device has a thickness ranging from about 10 to about 75 microns.
  • the caliper differential range from about -10 to about 30 microns; preferably from 0 to about 25 microns; preferably from about 0 to about l5um.
  • the fibrous sheet material demonstrates at least one of (1) improved durability, (2) acceptable ink adhesion, (3) high cross-direction (CD) tensile strength, or (4) reduced backside show- through.
  • improved durability is characterized by at least one of (a) minimal or reduced damage at the interface when compared to such sheet materials that are produced when the fibrous web is not sufficiently consolidated or (b) almost no hinge effect.
  • effects can be quantified or qualified by known industry techniques that simulate the effects of circulation of the documents. For example, the circulation of a banknote can be simulated with a durability test.
  • One such suitable durability test is the "Circulation Simulation" Test (CST).
  • RPM revolutions per minute
  • the banknote is tested before and after each round of simulated degradation for mechanical deterioration (e.g., surface and edge damage in the form of holes, tears, cuts, hinges, separated parts and ragged uneven edges, loss of tensile strength, fold endurance, tear resistance, and perforation resistance), optical deterioration (e.g, deterioration in printing ink color properties) and soiling.
  • mechanical deterioration e.g., surface and edge damage in the form of holes, tears, cuts, hinges, separated parts and ragged uneven edges, loss of tensile strength, fold endurance, tear resistance, and perforation resistance
  • optical deterioration e.g, deterioration in printing ink color properties
  • soiling e effects and tearing at the interface are examples of mechanical degradation that are particularly suited for this durability test.
  • tests for acceptable ink adhesions are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • ink set-off which is the amount of ink that is transferred from one sheet to another in a stacked formation of multiple fibrous sheet materials or documents, can be quantitatively measured by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • tensile strength and backside show-through can be quantified by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. For instance, show-through can be quantified by known light reflectance or transmittance tests.
  • the fibrous sheet material has a fibrous sub-region beneath the security device and a fibrous bulk region next to the security device and sub-region. Because the security device was introduced when the fibrous web was sufficiently consolidated, the fibers in the region of the fibrous web which corresponds to the sub-region in the sheet material were not displaced in an amount that results in the identified disadvantages. As such, the amount of fibers in the fibrous sub-region is substantially equivalent to the amount of fibers in at least the immediate adjoining bulk region.
  • immediate adjoining bulk region refers to a three-dimensional region in the bulk region that abuts the sub-region and the recessed portion of the security device.
  • This immediate adjoining bulk region extends radially from the recessed portion and the sub-region to a distance in the cross-sectional x-axis that is equivalent to the x-axis length of the sub-region.
  • the density of fibers in the sub-region is greater than the density of fibers in the immediate adjoining bulk region.
  • the amount of fibers in the immediate bulk region and sub-region are substantially equivalent such that given the difference in volume of the two regions, the density in the sub-region is greater than the density in the immediate adjoining bulk region.
  • the amount of fibers in the bulk region ranges from 88.55 gsm to 90.15 gsm, while the amount of fibers in the sub-region ranges from 87.26 gsm to 90.69 gsm.
  • density refers to the average amount of fibers in a volume.
  • the fibrous sheet material which has opposing surfaces, one or more 'soft-edged' through-holes, and a recess over the one or more through- holes, comprises: a surface applied security device disposed in the recess; a fibrous sub- region disposed beneath the recess, which delineates the through-hole(s); a fibrous bulk region disposed next to the security device (disposed in the recess) and the sub-region; and an interface between the security device and the fibrous sub-region and bulk region of the fibrous sheet material.
  • the fibrous sub-region extends along the area defined by the outer perimeter of the through-hole(s) and the outer boundary(ies) of the security device.
  • security devices suitable for the present invention are numerous.
  • the fibrous sheet material comprises a security device having an array of cylindrical and/or non-cylindrical focusing elements, and an array of image icons that optically interact with the focusing elements to produce at least one synthetic image.
  • the focusing elements are exclusively either cylindrical lenses or non- cylindrical lenses ( e.g micro-lenses).
  • the array of lenses comprises a blend of both in various ratios.
  • the security device can be in the form of stripe or patch or other shapes or geometries.
  • the security device is present in the sheet material in register with at least one other feature in the sheet material. Suitable other features are described herein.
  • the invention is a document comprising the fibrous sheet material.
  • suitable documents include, but are not limited to, banknotes, bonds, checks, traveler's checks, identification cards, lottery tickets, passports, postage stamps, stock certificates, as well as non-security documents such as stationery items and labels and items used for aesthetics.
  • a plurality of security devices may be introduced into the fibrous web and consequently a plurality of security devices can be found applied to the fibrous sheet material and any resulting document.
  • the document comprises at least one surface applied security device and at least one other security device such as an embedded or partially embedded security device or security feature.
  • the surface applied security device can be in register with other features of the document such as other security devices or security or decorative features.
  • Fibrous sheet materials suitable for use in the present invention are paper or paper like sheet materials. These sheet materials, which are single or multi-ply sheet materials, may be made from a range of fiber types including synthetic or natural fibers or a mixture of both. For example, these sheet materials may be made from fibers such as abaca, cotton, linen, wood pulp, and blends thereof. As is well known to those skilled in the art, cotton and cotton/linen or cotton/synthetic fiber blends are preferred for banknotes, while wood pulp is commonly used in non-banknote security documents.
  • security devices contemplated for use with the present invention may take a number of different forms including, but not limited to, stripes, bands, threads, ribbons, or patches ( e.g micro-lens based, holographic and/or color shift security threads).
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 Conventional techniques are depicted in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.
  • the security device (11) is introduced in the wet stage of paper manufacturing to embed device (11) in a fibrous sheet material or document (10).
  • the resulting fibrous sheet material suffers from low circulation durability, poor CD tensile strength and high backside show-through.
  • this has been discovered to be due in part to the displacement of fibers (15) from sub-region (12) when the security device (11) is introduced to the forming fibrous web.
  • the amount of fibers in hinge area (14) is significantly reduced. This results in weak interactions at interface (17) between the security device and the substrate (18) of the fibrous sheet material or document (10).
  • FIG. 3 depicts one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the security device (31) is introduced in a wet stage when the fibrous web is sufficiently consolidated such that a substantial amount of fibers (35) are not displaced from the sub- region (32) when the security device is pressed into the substrate (38) of the fibrous sheet material (30). Rather, the fibers (35) are further consolidated or densified under the security device (31) and in the hinge area (34). This results in strong fiber interactions at the interface (37) and particularly at the interfacial edges (37a). Moreover, since the security device (31) is introduced during the wet stage, it can be pressed into the substrate (38) to provide a low caliper differential.
  • the security device (41) may be introduced to the fibrous web (49) using various methods and techniques.
  • the security device (41) is presented in the form of a continuous web and is continuously applied to the forming fibrous web (49) on a Fourdrinier paper machine (40) directly after the wet line (42) and before couch roll (44), and between vacuum boxes (45a, 45b), which help set the security device into the fibrous web (49).
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 depict fibrous sheet materials or resulting documents (50, 60) of the subject invention having a plurality of surface applied security devices (52a, 52b, 53, 63a, 63b).
  • the devices (52a, 52b, 53, 63a, 63b) are presented here in the form of patches (53, 63a, 63b) and stripes (52a, 52b) of different sizes and shapes.
  • the security devices e.g ., 53, 63a, 63b
  • the security devices are cut or punched and applied by an intro-device (not shown) to the fibrous web (55) during paper manufacturing such that it is in register with at least one other feature (e.g., watermark (61)) in the fibrous web, the fibrous sheet material or a resulting document (60).
  • FIG. 6 depicts the embodiment where a plurality of security devices applied as patches (63a, 63b), are applied in register with a watermark (61).
  • a first patch (63a) is applied in latitudinal registration with the watermark (61), while a second patch (63b) is applied in longitudinal registration with the watermark (61). It is also contemplated that the security device (63a, 63b) is aligned with the watermark (61) such that at least one feature (not shown) in the patch (63a, 63b) is in register with the watermark (61) or other feature in the fibrous web, fibrous sheet material or resulting document (60).
  • the document (50, 60) has edges (59, 69) which, although depicted here as a side of a parallelogram, may also be depicted in other shapes with other angles.
  • the security devices (52a, 52b, 53, 63a, 63b) are applied to the fibrous web, fibrous sheet material or document such that it does not extend beyond the edge (59, 69) of the document (50, 60).
  • the security device is disposed on the surface such that it is situated away from the edge, not touching.
  • Comparative Example 1 Single Cycle Durability Test of Surface Applied Security Device When the Fibrous Web is Not Sufficiently Consolidated
  • a fibrous sheet material is made according to the conventional wet stage process where the security device is introduced to a fibrous web during the paper manufacturing process when the water and/or moisture content of the fibrous web is greater than 98%.
  • fibers in the hinge area (74) and in the sub-region are displaced resulting in decreased interaction of the security device (71) and the fibrous substrate (78) of the fibrous sheet material (70) in those areas.
  • the fibrous sheet material (70) formed according to this process is depicted in FIG. 7a, after a single cycle (30 min.) through the Circulation Simulation Test.
  • the fibrous sheet material (70) demonstrated poor durability, at least as defined by the development of a hinge effect as shown in hinge area (74).
  • the security device (71) is detached from the substrate (78) of the fibrous sheet material (70) at points along the interfacial edges (77a).
  • the surface applied security device demonstrated backside show-through.
  • a panel of five (5) persons Pl, P2, P3, P4, P5 were asked to rate the degree of backside show-through from 1 to 5, with 5 having the highest show-through and 1 having the least show-through.
  • Panelists Pl and P4 rated the backside show-through as 4; panelist P2, P3 and P5 rated the backside show-through as 5.
  • FIG. 7b depicts a fibrous sheet material (70) showing the backside show-through. This would require some kind of a backside camouflage coating to address this problem.
  • Cross-directional (CD) tensile strength of the fibrous sheet material was also measured using an INSTRON ® tension tester, model 5965.
  • a paper sample is cut to a dimension of l25mm wide by l5mm high with the thread running vertically through the center of the sample.
  • the sample is then placed in the jaws of the Instron (model 5965) tensile tester with the jaws at a set with a 40mm spacing between them and the thread centered in the gap.
  • the sample is then elongated at a rate of 38mm/minute until the sample breaks. This process is repeated 5 times and the average of the 5 values is the reported result of the test.
  • the results showed that the CD tensile strength ranged from 5.4 to 6.3kg.
  • a fibrous sheet material (80) is made according to the invention disclosed herein where the security device (81) is introduced to a fibrous web during the paper manufacturing process when the moisture content of the fibrous web is less than 98%.
  • the security device (81) is introduced to a fibrous web during the paper manufacturing process when the moisture content of the fibrous web is less than 98%.
  • the fibrous sheet material (80) shows no hinge effect and no damage or separation along the interfacial edge (87a) of the security device (81) and the substrate (88) of the fibrous sheet material (80).
  • the fibrous sheet material (80) remains intact, demonstrating improved durability.
  • the surface applied security device (81) demonstrated less backside show- through compared to comparative example 1.
  • a panel of five (5) persons (Pl, P2, P3, P4, P5) were asked to rate the degree of backside show-through from 1 to 5, with 5 having the highest show-through and 1 having the least show-through.
  • Panelist P2 rated the backside show- through as 1;
  • panelist Pl, P3, P4 and P5 rated the backside show-through as 2.
  • FIG. 8b depicts a fibrous sheet material showing the backside show-through.
  • the backside show-through was characterized by measurement of cross-thread grayscale density. The paper sample was scanned on an Epson V750 perfection flatbed scanner which had been calibrated using an IT8 reference target.
  • the paper was scanned at 600dpi as a greyscale image in reflected light with a black background behind the sample. Once the scan is captured, a selected area density profile was generated. With this function, we select a region spanning the thread, where software captures the greyscale value for every pixel in the selected region, for this particular test, with the thread running vertically through the center of the selected region, the software averages the vertical pixels within the region and reports the vertical average data point for every horizontal pixel ( e.g ., if the region is 20 pixels high by 200 pixels wide, then for each horizontal position, the corresponding vertical pixel values would be averaged and would result in an output of 200 data points).
  • the resulting data is then plotted in graph to show if there is any noticeable displacement in the greyscale values within the sampled area.
  • the results of the density measurements are provided in Table 1.
  • the results of the inventive example are provided by the top line while the results of the comparative example are provided in the lower line, indicating a substantial dip in the fiber density measurement as the measurement device traverses the opposing side of the security device. Lower values indicate high backside show-through.
  • the inventive method ⁇ 90% water and/or moisture
  • the density values across the fibrous sheet material remain relatively constant while for the comparative examples (>98% water and/or moisture)
  • the density values take a recognized and substantial decrease in values.
  • the mean cross-thread grayscale density for the comparative examples is 214; while the mean cross-thread grayscale density for the inventive examples ( ⁇ 90% water) is 226.
  • a fibrous sheet material (90) is made according to the conventional wet stage process where the security device is introduced to a fibrous web during the paper manufacturing process when the moisture content of the fibrous web is greater than 98%.
  • fibers in the hinge area and in the sub- region are displaced during introduction of the security device (91) resulting in decreased interaction of the security device (91) and the substrate (98) of the fibrous sheet material (90) in those areas.
  • the fibrous sheet material (90) formed according to this process is depicted in FIG. 9a, after three cycles through the Circulation Simulation Test.
  • the fibrous sheet material (90) demonstrated poor durability, at least as defined by the development of a tear in the sheet material along interfacial edge (97a).
  • the fibrous sheet material (90) is tom in two pieces along the interfacial edge (97a).
  • the surface applied security device (91) demonstrated backside show- through.
  • a panel of five (5) persons Pl, P2, P3, P4, P5 were asked to rate the degree of backside show-through from 1 to 5, with 5 having the highest show-through and 1 having the least show-through.
  • Panelists Pl and P5 rated the backside show-through as 5; panelist P2, P3 and P4 rated the backside show-through as 4.
  • FIG. 9b depicts a fibrous sheet material (90) showing the tear and backside show-through. This would require some kind of a backside camouflage coating to address this problem.
  • Inventive Example 2 Three Cycle Durability Test of Surface Applied Security Device When the Fibrous Web is Sufficiently Consolidated
  • a fibrous sheet material (100) is made according to the invention disclosed herein where the security device (101) is introduced to a fibrous web during the paper manufacturing process when the moisture content of the fibrous web is less than 98% .
  • the security device (101) is introduced to a fibrous web during the paper manufacturing process when the moisture content of the fibrous web is less than 98% .
  • the fibrous sheet material (100) shows little to no hinge effect or damage along the interfacial edge (l07a) of the security device (101) and the substrate (108) of the fibrous sheet material (100).
  • the fibrous sheet material (100) remains intact, demonstrating improved durability.
  • the surface applied security device (101) demonstrated less backside show- through compared to comparative example 2.
  • a panel of five (5) persons (Pl, P2, P3, P4, P5) were asked to rate the degree of backside show-through from 1 to 5, with 5 having the highest show-through and 1 having the least show-through.
  • Panelist Pl rated the backside show- through as 2; P2, P4 and P5 rated the backside show-through as 1; and panelist P3 rated the backside show-through as 3.
  • FIG. lOb depicts a fibrous sheet material showing the improved backside show-through.
  • FIG. 11 depicts one embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention.
  • the fibrous sheet material is marked with reference number 110.
  • the fibers (113) are then introduced over through-hole (111) when the fibrous sheet material is sufficiently consolidated such that a substantial amount of fibers (113) are not displaced from sub-region (114) when the security device is pressed into substrate (115) of the fibrous sheet material (110). Rather, the fibers (113) are further consolidated or densified under the security device (112) in the sub-region (114) delineating the through-hole (111) and in hinge area (116). This results in strong fiber interactions at interface (117) and particularly at interfacial edges (H7a). Moreover, since the security device (112) is introduced during the wet stage, it can be pressed into the substrate (115) to provide a low caliper differential. Further, since the fibers are not displaced at this state, further consolidating in the sub-region (114) greatly reduces (if not eliminates) the possibility of the through-hole (111) becoming occluded or blocked.
  • the through-hole (111) and security device (112) may be introduced to the fibrous sheet material (110) using various methods and techniques.
  • the screen of the paper machine may be a continuously moving forming wire of a Fourdrinier paper machine or a cylinder of a cylinder mold paper machine.
  • the through-hole (111) is formed using a patterned forming wire (118) on a Fourdrinier paper machine (119) provided with at least one water- impermeable element (120), which prevents sheet formation in this area.
  • the patterned forming wire (118) is depicted before (FIG. 12A) and after (FIG.

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau en feuille (110) comportant un dispositif de sécurité (112) appliqué sur un trou traversant (111) « à bords mous » ou formé par machine à papier, et un procédé de préparation d'un tel matériau en feuille (110). Le procédé selon l'invention permet de former au moins un trou traversant dans une bande fibreuse en formation avant qu'elle ne se soit suffisamment raffermie, puis d'appliquer le dispositif de sécurité sur la bande fibreuse, et de préférence, sur ledit trou traversant au niveau d'un cylindre aspirant, ou à proximité de ce dernier, ou d'un outil similaire d'une machine à papier, lorsque la bande fibreuse constitue une bande humide totalement formée, suffisamment raffermie. L'application du dispositif de sécurité suivi du raffermissement supplémentaire de la région sous-jacente au dispositif à ce stade de la fabrication de papier, lorsque les fibres ne sauraient être déplacées, diminue considérablement (voire élimine) le risque d'une occlusion ou d'un bouchage éventuel dudit trou traversant. De plus, des papiers fabriqués selon le procédé de la présente invention, lorsqu'ils ont été soumis à l'essai de simulation de diffusion, ont présenté un endommagement minimal au niveau de l'interface papier/dispositif de sécurité. En outre, les dispositifs de sécurité appliqués en surface ont présenté des niveaux acceptables d'adhérence de l'encre taille-douce, et les papiers ont présenté une résistance plus élevée à la traction en direction transversale (CD) et une transparence beaucoup moins importante sur leurs côtés opposés.
PCT/US2018/065807 2017-12-14 2018-12-14 Procédé d'application en surface d'un dispositif de sécurité sur un trou formé par machine à papier WO2019118904A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2020123078A RU2774535C2 (ru) 2017-12-14 2018-12-14 Способ поверхностного нанесения защитного устройства над перфорацией, выполненной бумагоделательной машиной
CN201880080558.1A CN111511572B (zh) 2017-12-14 2018-12-14 用于在造纸机制成的孔上方表面施加安全装置的方法
KR1020207017592A KR102665889B1 (ko) 2017-12-14 2018-12-14 보안 장치를 종이 기계 제조 홀에 표면 도포하기 위한 방법
JP2020532047A JP2021506622A (ja) 2017-12-14 2018-12-14 抄紙機が製作した孔部上へのセキュリティデバイスの表面適用方法
EP18888658.4A EP3723996A4 (fr) 2017-12-14 2018-12-14 Procédé d'application en surface d'un dispositif de sécurité sur un trou formé par machine à papier

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/842,142 2017-12-14
US15/842,142 US10562335B2 (en) 2015-02-11 2017-12-14 Method for the surface application of a security device over a paper machine made hole

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019118904A1 true WO2019118904A1 (fr) 2019-06-20

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EP (1) EP3723996A4 (fr)
JP (2) JP2021506622A (fr)
KR (1) KR102665889B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN111511572B (fr)
WO (1) WO2019118904A1 (fr)

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WO2023032989A1 (fr) * 2021-08-30 2023-03-09 凸版印刷株式会社 Feuille de transfert, article de transfert, corps d'affichage, procédé et dispositif pour vérifier l'authenticité d'un corps d'affichage, et procédé d'authentification individuelle

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DE102005022018A1 (de) 2005-05-12 2006-11-16 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitspapier und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US20110056638A1 (en) 2008-04-11 2011-03-10 Arjowiggins Security method of fabricating a sheet comprising a region of reduced thickness or of increased thickness in register with a ribbon, and an associated sheet
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CN111511572B (zh) 2022-05-17
RU2020123078A3 (fr) 2022-01-14
KR20200096544A (ko) 2020-08-12
KR102665889B1 (ko) 2024-05-13
JP2021506622A (ja) 2021-02-22
RU2020123078A (ru) 2022-01-14
JP2023106485A (ja) 2023-08-01
EP3723996A1 (fr) 2020-10-21
EP3723996A4 (fr) 2021-07-21
CN111511572A (zh) 2020-08-07

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