WO2019113720A1 - Équipement sgm et procédé pour la fabrication de pièces ou d'objets de révolution axi-symétriques - Google Patents

Équipement sgm et procédé pour la fabrication de pièces ou d'objets de révolution axi-symétriques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019113720A1
WO2019113720A1 PCT/CL2018/050124 CL2018050124W WO2019113720A1 WO 2019113720 A1 WO2019113720 A1 WO 2019113720A1 CL 2018050124 W CL2018050124 W CL 2018050124W WO 2019113720 A1 WO2019113720 A1 WO 2019113720A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
equipment according
equipment
powder
valve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CL2018/050124
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Javier Ignacio VERA HOFMANN
Jorge Andrés RAMOS GREZ
Guillermo Jorge ZAÑARTU APARA
Original Assignee
Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile filed Critical Pontificia Universidad Catolica De Chile
Publication of WO2019113720A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019113720A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/171—Processes of additive manufacturing specially adapted for manufacturing multiple 3D objects

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to the field of digital manufacturing, specifically that of additive manufacturing by means of selective laser sintering (SLS) for the manufacture of axi-symmetric 3D parts of revolution from materials such as metals, polymers or ceramics.
  • SLS selective laser sintering
  • Digital manufacturing consists of manufacturing a product or prototype directly from a computer design.
  • a relevant technology is additive manufacturing, which has shown great advances in the last decade and especially the technique of selective laser sintering or SLS by its acronym in English (Selective laser Sintering).
  • This technique consists in manufacturing parts or objects from a powder bed by using a focused laser, which selectively fuses or sinks the suspended dust and then adds a new powder bed and repeats the process.
  • the mirrors are able to move the beam on the X and Y axes, and additionally there is a piston that It descends vertically (Z axis), allowing the deposition of a new layer of dust.
  • the process can be carried out by spreading the powder by a roller or depositing it with a hopper
  • WO 2014195068 discloses an apparatus comprising a support in which a work piece can be produced from a powder bed and by means of a laser beam.
  • the laser beam emitted by a source is deflected on a mirror within a range, the deflection mirror pivoting about an axis of rotation.
  • the support is housed in a process chamber together with the laser, the mirror, a dust divider and two drive motors.
  • the support has a circular lower plate that serves as a construction platform for the workpiece to be produced and by means of the motors, the support can be rotated and in turn moved in the vertical direction as the piece is formed of revolution.
  • US 2003205851 discloses a device for producing parts through the accumulation of layers of material in powder form that solidify. It includes a folding table, a dust feeder and a source of energy consisting of a laser beam directed on a lens sequentially on the table to solidify the powder.
  • the horizontal movement of the table consists of a rotation movement about a vertical axis, which is combined with the downward spiral movement having a pitch corresponding to the layer thickness.
  • the powder feed, the distribution device and the energy source are arranged radially around the shaft and continuously active to form the part.
  • the present invention consists of an SGM equipment for the manufacture of axi-symmetric parts or objects of revolution, from materials such as metals, polymers or ceramics.
  • the proposed SGM equipment is comprised of a housing inside which the manufacturing system is formed consisting of a mechatronic system and a powder dispenser, the latter being responsible for providing the powder to be sintered by means of a laser equipment located outside the Case.
  • This equipment emits an output beam that is focused through a pair of galvanometric mirrors and then directed through an F-Theta lens towards the interior of the housing, impacting on a mobile working surface that receives dust and that rotates and moves on the vertical axis acted by a motor system.
  • the equipment of the present invention operates with 4 degrees of freedom (q, X, Y, Z) during the manufacture of an object using spiral growth (SGM).
  • SGM spiral growth
  • the 4-axis manufacturing system proposed in the present invention it is possible to program a high variety of angles and scanning patterns on the powder bed generated by the manufactured part.
  • the orientation of the scanning pattern of the filling of the piece on the surface of the powder bed has an impact on the mechanical properties of the resulting volume piece.
  • the pieces result with anisotropic character when they are scanned at a certain angle with respect to the direction of advance and that the greatest resistance is obtained when scanning them at 60 ° with respect to the direction of scanning. Therefore, by means of the present invention it is possible to vary the angle of incidence of the laser to advantageously achieve different scanning patterns according to the needs and mechanical properties that are to be achieved in the object or piece to be manufactured.
  • the housing of the SGM equipment of the present invention has a cylindrical shape and is composed of an upper chamber and a lower chamber inside which the mechatronic system that manufactures the piece is arranged.
  • the housing has means to allow the passage of the cables that feed the electrical circuit of the equipment and means for connection with a vacuum pump and a gas source to control the internal atmosphere and thus prevent the metals to be treated inside the equipment rust.
  • the mechatronic system located inside the casing is composed of three concentric and parallel circular platforms which are connected to the motor system. By means of this system, the elevation, descent and rotation of the upper platform containing the powder bed, which together with the laser allow an object to be manufactured using the sintering technique, occurs.
  • the powder is supplied by a powder dispenser located fixedly on the upper platform, which falls by gravity effect on the platform through an opening.
  • This supply is controlled by a gate activated automatically by means of a motor.
  • a method for manufacturing a piece is proposed by the proposed SGM equipment. Said method comprises the steps of:
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a scheme of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates in detail the laser emission system of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3a-3c illustrate in detail the housing of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4a-4b illustrate in detail the mechatronic system of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates in detail the powder dispenser of the SGM equipment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram of the SGM equipment connected to the vacuum pump and to the gas source.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the edge scanning function of the SGM equipment of the present invention.
  • - Figure 8 illustrates some examples of scanning patterns that are achieved by the SGM equipment of the present invention.
  • - Figure 9 illustrates the surface preheating function of the SGM equipment of the present invention.
  • the SGM equipment of the present invention is formed by a casing 100 inside which the manufacturing system conformed by a mechatronic system 200 and a powder dispenser 300 is disposed.
  • the equipment SGM comprises a laser device 400 located outside the housing 100, which emits an output beam that is focused through a pair of galvanometric mirrors 500 and subsequently through an F-Theta 550 lens, in order to displace the beam focused on a mobile work surface 240 into the interior of the housing 100 through an optical window 130.
  • the pair of galvanometric mirrors consists of a first mirror 510 that receives the output beam 410 from the laser equipment 400 and directs it to a second mirror 520.
  • the first mirror 510 oscillates in a first direction (X ) while the second mirror oscillates in a second direction (Y), in order to achieve deflection of the beam in two dimensions on the construction plane and direct it to a specific point on the previously programmed work surface.
  • the first mirror 510 can be fixed in a defined position and only the second mirror 520 is configured to move in case it is required to restrict the operating range.
  • the horizontally arranged F-Theta 550 lens has the function of focusing the laser beam 420 prior to its entry into the interior of the housing.
  • the laser emitted by the laser equipment 400 can be, for example, Ytterbio fiber pumped by diode with a wavelength of 1070 nm (range of infrared waves). Said equipment can have an adjustable output power that allows to generate an emission between 20 and 330 W.
  • the present invention is not limited to a particular type of laser, it being also possible to use a laser with different characteristics. According to preferred embodiments of the invention, once the laser beam is emitted it passes through a fiber optic cable, which allows greater freedom to position it. Along with this, at the end of the cable there is an optical head that preliminarily focuses the laser.
  • the casing 100 has a cylindrical shape and consists of an upper chamber 110 and a lower chamber 120, both preferably made of stainless steel to prevent corrosion.
  • the chambers are joined by bolts 111 and by a gasket 112 arranged between flanges of both chambers, which acts as a seal preventing leaks and therefore achieving better control in the interior atmosphere.
  • the optical window 130 is located on the upper face of the upper chamber 110, which is sealed by a gasket on each side thereof and pressed with a stainless steel top cap by bolts.
  • an exit valve 140 is arranged next to the optical window 130 to evacuate the pressure inside the chamber before opening it.
  • Both the upper chamber 110 and the lower chamber 120 have an upper and lower cable conduit (115, 125) to feed the electrical system of the manufacturing system, a gas valve 116 and a vacuum valve 126 to control the atmosphere at the inside the equipment, each of said ducts being sealed by means of an O'ring and a bolted flange.
  • the mechatronic system 200 located inside the casing is composed of three concentric and parallel circular platforms which are supported by a support structure 201 coupled to the base of the casing.
  • a lower platform 210 is connected to a first motor 211 and to three linear bearings 212 each located within a bearing carrier 213.
  • Each bearing 212 contains a vertical rail 214, so that the vertical rails 214 act as a guide and allow to avoid vibrations in the manufacturing process of objects.
  • the first motor 211 controls a worm by means of a coupler 215 that allows an intermediate platform 220 to be raised and lowered on the vertical axis (Z).
  • Said intermediate platform 220 is fixed to the vertical rails 214 by means of rails 223 connected to the face bottom of said platform.
  • the intermediate platform 220 has a central nut 221 and a vertical bore that allows the passage and connection with the auger.
  • the intermediate platform 220 comprises a second motor 222 connected to a pinion 232, responsible for the rotation of the upper platform 230 by means of the connection with a gear 233 of the crown type on its lower face.
  • the first motor 211 moves on the vertical axis (Z) to the intermediate platform 220 and the upper platform 230, while the second motor 222 located on the second intermediate platform simultaneously drives the rotation in 360 ° (angle Q) of the upper platform 230.
  • the upper platform 230 has a recess in its upper face constituting the mobile work surface 240 on which the powder to be sintered is deposited.
  • Said powder is supplied by the powder dispenser 300, which according to Figure 5 comprises a powder container compartment 310 which stores the previously charged sintering powder.
  • the powder dispenser 300 has on its lower face a gate 320 regulated by a servo motor 330 that automatically opens and closes a dust slot 340 connected to the base of the dust container 310 through two inclined planes . These inclined planes direct the powder to said groove which falls by gravity effect on the mobile working surface after the opening of the gate 320.
  • the powder dispenser 300 further has a leveling knife 350 located next to the dust slot 340 preferably having an angle of 45 ° with respect to the manufacturing plane to flatten and compact the dust accumulated on the mobile work surface.
  • the housing 100 of the SGM equipment is connected to a vacuum pump 600 and a gas source 700 to control the indoor atmosphere and thus prevent the metals to be treated inside the equipment from oxidizing.
  • the vacuum pump 600 is connected by a coupling 610 to a flexible 620, which in turn is connected to the housing 100 through the vacuum valve 126.
  • the gas source 700 can be for example a Argon cylinder and comprises a gas hose 710 connected at one end to a manometer and a valve. At the other end, said hose is connected to the gas valve 116.
  • the manometer makes it possible to measure the vacuum pressure once the air and the pressure of the inert gas inside the housing have been removed.
  • outlet valve 140 it is possible to regulate the gas outlet to the outside while injecting argon or other inert gas into the interior, which allows, if required, work with a gas flow and evacuate other gaseous compounds emanating in the sintering process.
  • the SGM equipment of the present invention has a series of actuators that must be programmed to make a piece or object. Said actuators allow to control at least the following components of the equipment: the laser equipment 400, the galvanometric mirrors 500, the servo motor 330 of the powder dispenser 300 and the motors (211, 222) of the mechatronic system 200.
  • a manual control screen can be used, which allows the activation of the laser for a certain amount of time and adjust its power.
  • the galvanometric mirrors 500 are controlled by an external controller, by means of which it is possible to program the oscillation of either a single mirror or both, thus enabling a radial scanning pattern or any geometry on the dust bed.
  • the servo motor 330 connected to the dust passage gate 320 is preferably controlled by a pulse-modulated signal (PWM) from a microcontroller.
  • PWM pulse-modulated signal
  • the motors (211, 222) of the mechatronic system 200 that determine the displacement axes z and Q of the mobile work surface 240 are preferably controlled by an integrated circuit comprising a stepper motor controller and a programming library .
  • the motors (211, 222) are programmed so that the upper platform 230 rotates at a defined speed and simultaneously drops a certain distance for each revolution.
  • the manufacturing process begins with the loading of the powder dispenser 300 and its installation into the interior of the housing 100 prior to the closing of the latter. This requires that the gate 320 of the dispenser is open, otherwise a signal must be sent from the microcontroller to open it. Once the necessary amount of powder is loaded through gate 320, it is closed by sending a signal from the microcontroller.
  • the housing 100 is closed. For this, it is necessary to seat the gasket 112 in the flange of the lower housing 120 and locate the upper housing 110 on it, joining them by means of the bolts. 111. Then, tests of the mechatronic system are performed, such as verifying that the platform is able to rotate, raise and lower, etc. Subsequently, the gate 320 of the powder dispenser 300 is opened and the first powder bed is deposited on the mobile work surface 240.
  • the emptying of the manufacturing chamber is carried out by means of the vacuum pump 600 and the administration of inert gas by means of the gas source 700.
  • the evacuation of the manufacturing chamber is carried out by means of the vacuum pump 600 and the administration of inert gas by means of the gas source 700.
  • the evacuation of the manufacturing chamber is carried out by means of the vacuum pump 600 and the administration of inert gas by means of the gas source 700.
  • the pressure inside the housing is measured with the pressure gauge located at the inlet of the gas valve 116 and once the desired negative pressure is reached, the vacuum valve 126 is closed and the vacuum pump 600 is turned off.
  • the gas valve 116 is opened and filled to the required pressure. According to certain embodiments of the invention it is possible to work with a constant gas flow, in which case the outlet valve 140 and the gas valve must be regulated
  • the gas flow enters radially from the outside, travels through the chamber axially and exits through the outlet valve located in the upper part of the housing.
  • the manufacture of the piece begins by means of the interaction of the elements previously programmed separately, namely the laser 400 equipment, the galvanometric mirrors 500 and the mechatronic system 200, which they are commanded by the microcontroller.
  • the laser equipment 400 emits an output beam 410 which is directed towards the mobile work surface 240 by means of the galvanometric mirrors 500, passing through the lens F-Theta 550 and the optical window 130 of the housing 100.
  • the motors (211, 222) of the mechatronic system 200 rotate and progressively lower the mobile work surface 240 containing the powder to be sintered by the laser in each revolution, while the powder dispenser 300 supplies the powder to be sintered through the opening of the gate 320 operated by the servo motor 330 and flattens and compacts it by means of the leveling knife
  • the diagram of Figure 7 illustrates by way of example the scan sequence of the laser beam 420 for sintering the piece to be manufactured, where the edge 800 of a section of the piece is first scanned and subsequently the filling from the Scan pattern 810, which allows to obtain better surface finishes and mechanical properties.
  • the turn of the upper platform 230 located under the powder dispenser 300 displaces the completely sintered section 820 and places the next section to be sintered 830 in the scanning zone.
  • Figure 8 exemplifies 3 possible scanning patterns for the filling of the piece to be manufactured, which is possible thanks to the fact that the laser beam 420 can move on the powder bed in the two horizontal coordinates (X, Y) thanks to the action of the pair of galvanometric mirrors in combination with the rotation of the upper platform 230.
  • the pattern a) represents a scan at 0 or with respect to the direction of advance
  • the pattern b) represents a scan at 45 °
  • the pattern c ) represents a scan at 90 °, which will depend exclusively on the shape of the piece to be manufactured and the mechanical properties or quality that you want to obtain in it.
  • the invention can comprise any angle from 0 or 90 °.
  • preheating function of the proposed SGM equipment is illustrated, whereby the laser beam 420 is scanned prior to sintering, a determined area of the powder bed called preheated zone 840, which allows to improve the mechanical properties of the resulting piece especially when it is formed from polymer powders.
  • Said preheated zone 840 is generated in each advance of the upper platform 230 and then proceeds with the definitive scanning according to Figure 7.
  • the manufacturing process is concluded and all the systems are turned off, the gas passage is closed and the exit valve 140 is opened. Then all the bolts 111 are removed, the optical window 130 is removed. and the housing 100 is opened. The object is removed from the powder bed located on the upper platform 230, by unearthing it and removing all excess loose powder around it.
  • a factorial experimental design of 2 factors and 3 levels was carried out, consisting of varying the thickness of the layer between 400, 500 and 600 microns, also varying the power of the laser in three levels: 150, 200 and 250 W.
  • the dimensions of each ring was varied between 36 and 47 mm of outer radius and between 22 and 33 mm of inner radius with a number of revolutions of the platform between 2-5.
  • the laser was focused on the surface of the substrate and made an alternating radial movement of 5 mm amplitude at a scanning speed of 80 mm / s.
  • the speeds of angular and axial rotation of the platform were fixed, the rotation being 1 revolution per minute and the axial speed 400, 500 or 600 microns per revolution.
  • the interior atmosphere was controlled by the removal of air inside the chamber by the vacuum pump and the addition of argon gas.
  • the design pressures were -0.3 bar in vacuum and 2 bar in argon gas. We worked with a flow of inert gas to remove both the vapors generated in the process and possible oxygen molecules that could have been adsorbed inside the chamber.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un équipement SGM et un procédé pour la fabrication de pièces ou d'objets de révolution axi-symétriques, lequel comprend un corps, un système de fabrication constitué d'un système mécatronique et d'un distributeur de poussière, un équipement laser situé hors du corps conçu pour émettre un faisceau de sortie par l'intermédiaire d'une paire de miroirs galvanométriques qui consistent en un premier miroir qui oscille dans une première direction et en un second miroir qui oscille dans une seconde direction.
PCT/CL2018/050124 2017-12-14 2018-12-13 Équipement sgm et procédé pour la fabrication de pièces ou d'objets de révolution axi-symétriques WO2019113720A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CL2017003215A CL2017003215A1 (es) 2017-12-14 2017-12-14 Equipo sgm y método para la fabricación de piezas u objetos de revolución axi-simétricos.
CL3215-2017 2017-12-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019113720A1 true WO2019113720A1 (fr) 2019-06-20

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PCT/CL2018/050124 WO2019113720A1 (fr) 2017-12-14 2018-12-13 Équipement sgm et procédé pour la fabrication de pièces ou d'objets de révolution axi-symétriques

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CL (1) CL2017003215A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019113720A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10235434A1 (de) * 2002-08-02 2004-02-12 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eins dreidimensionalen Objekts mittels eines generativen Fertigungsverfahrens
US20140363585A1 (en) * 2011-12-20 2014-12-11 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Machine and process for powder-based additive manufacturing
WO2016096407A1 (fr) * 2014-12-15 2016-06-23 Arcam Ab Procédé et appareil de fabrication additive faisant appel à un système de coordonnées angulaire bidimensionnel
WO2017121995A1 (fr) * 2016-01-13 2017-07-20 Renishaw Plc Appareil et procédés de fusion de lit de poudre

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10235434A1 (de) * 2002-08-02 2004-02-12 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eins dreidimensionalen Objekts mittels eines generativen Fertigungsverfahrens
US20140363585A1 (en) * 2011-12-20 2014-12-11 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Machine and process for powder-based additive manufacturing
WO2016096407A1 (fr) * 2014-12-15 2016-06-23 Arcam Ab Procédé et appareil de fabrication additive faisant appel à un système de coordonnées angulaire bidimensionnel
WO2017121995A1 (fr) * 2016-01-13 2017-07-20 Renishaw Plc Appareil et procédés de fusion de lit de poudre

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Publication number Publication date
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