WO2019110519A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une roue dentée - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une roue dentée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019110519A1
WO2019110519A1 PCT/EP2018/083368 EP2018083368W WO2019110519A1 WO 2019110519 A1 WO2019110519 A1 WO 2019110519A1 EP 2018083368 W EP2018083368 W EP 2018083368W WO 2019110519 A1 WO2019110519 A1 WO 2019110519A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tool
teeth
tooth
gear
row
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/083368
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gregor Kappmeyer
Original Assignee
Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg filed Critical Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg
Publication of WO2019110519A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019110519A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F7/00—Making herringbone gear teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F17/00—Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F17/00—Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B23F17/006—Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups using different machines or machining operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F19/00—Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a gear, in particular a helical gear and in particular a double-helical gear or a gear with an arrow toothing.
  • Gears with double helical gearing or arrow gearing have a first row of teeth and a second row of teeth. A distance is usually provided between the first row of teeth and the second row of teeth. Gears with a double helical gearing are usually produced using a milling cutter. It is known to produce gears with a double helical toothing using a hob. So that the hob does not work into a processing area of the second row of teeth after the processing of the first row of teeth, the processing of the first row of teeth ends at a distance from the second row of teeth. Due to the manufacturing process, the aforementioned distance between the rows of teeth is created.
  • US 2004/031152 A1 describes a method for producing a gearwheel with an arrow toothing. First of all, the cylindrical properties of the toothed portion of the toothed wheel are worked out. Then grooves are worked out so that the tool used can leak in the subsequent final step in it.
  • US 2012/114441 A1 describes a method for producing a toothed gear using a numerically controlled machining tool having at least 4 machining axes.
  • control data for the milling cutter on the basis of geometric data of the first and second tooth flank, the transition region between the first and second tooth flank and the overall geometry of the tooth flanks generated.
  • the control data indicates a guide path of the machining tool, the path extending obliquely to the profile direction of the tooth flanks and along the first and second tooth flank geometry and the transition area geometry.
  • the workpiece is then processed based on the control data.
  • WO 2015/109074 A1 describes a tool for machining a workpiece with a central longitudinal axis.
  • the tool includes a mount to which the workpiece is mounted, a grinding spindle to remove material from the workpiece, the grinding spindle having a central longitudinal axis about which the spindle rotates and which is disposed to contact the central longitudinal axis of the spindle Tool cuts to produce a continuous tooth of a gear on the tool.
  • the tool includes an electrochemical abrasive element configured to perform an electrochemical grinding operation on the grinding spindle and to soften the tool during machining.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to address at least some of the disadvantages mentioned.
  • a solution is to be proposed with which a gear, especially a gear with double helical or helical toothing can be produced, which has a reduced distance between adjacent rows of teeth or even free of such a distance.
  • At least an alternative should be given to known solutions.
  • a method for producing a toothed wheel with at least one row of teeth having a plurality of teeth, which is arranged in a first area of the toothed wheel and adjoins a second area of the toothed wheel having the same or a larger diameter than the first area of the toothed wheel in which the teeth of the at least one row of teeth of the gear to be produced are at least partially worked out and / or finished by using a first tool and at least one second tool different from the first tool, wherein with the first tool material of a first portion of a tooth flank of a Tooth teeth of a respective row of teeth of the gear to be produced removed and thereby the tooth flank is partially worked out and then removed with the second tool material of a second portion of the tooth flank and thereby the tooth flank of the tooth of the respective igen tooth row of the gear to be produced completely worked out or finished.
  • the first and the second tool differ in their respective geometry and dimension.
  • the optimum machining area for the respective tool can be processed.
  • the first tool processes a first area of a tooth flank of a tooth.
  • the first section is chosen so that the tooth flank of the respective tooth is preprocessed.
  • the second tool then works on the tooth flank. It is provided that the second portion of the tooth flank is smaller than the first portion of the tooth flank.
  • the second section of the tooth flank of the respective tooth to be machined is also selected such that the second tool processes a machining area which is optimal for the respective tool.
  • the wear of the respective first and second tool is reduced.
  • the respectively necessary processing time of the first and second tool is reduced, so that overall the processing time for producing the gear is reduced.
  • Double-toothed gears have a first row of teeth and a second row of teeth with the respective rows of teeth arranged adjacent to one another.
  • the method thus provides that first teeth of the at least one row of teeth of the gear are machined with the first and / or second tool and then at least partially worked out or teeth of at least one second row of teeth in the second region of the gear with the first and / or second tool completely worked out or finished.
  • double-toothed gear in the context of this disclosure in particular also double-helical gears and their modifications and arrow-toothed gears are understood.
  • the method is also applicable to the production of gears with more than two rows of teeth, for example. Three or four rows of teeth, which are referred to as multi-toothed gears.
  • Another embodiment of the method is characterized in that an outer region of the tooth flank of the respective tooth is machined as the first section and an inner region of the tooth flank of the respective tooth is processed as a second section relative to a longitudinal axis of the toothed wheel.
  • the first tool first produces the first, that is to say outer, portions of the tooth flanks of the teeth of the first row of teeth, and then the first tool produces the first, that is, outer, portions of the tooth flanks of the teeth of the second row of teeth.
  • the second tool makes the second portions of the tooth flanks of the teeth of the first row of teeth and then the second portions of the tooth flanks of the teeth of the second row of teeth or first the second portions of the tooth flanks of the teeth of the second row of teeth and then the second portions of the tooth flanks of the teeth the second row of teeth, whereby the gear to be produced does not have to be re-clamped.
  • the first tool first makes the first sections of the tooth flanks of the teeth of the first row of teeth, and then the second tool produces the second sections of the tooth flanks of the teeth of the second row.
  • the inventive method is particularly versatile, economical and flexible.
  • the longitudinal axis of the gear substantially corresponds to the axis of rotation of the gear.
  • An outer region of the gear or the tooth flank is thus arranged substantially in the region of end faces of the gear.
  • An inner region is thus located substantially in the middle of the gear wheel, ie away from the end faces.
  • Another embodiment of the method is characterized in that a machining direction of the first and / or second tool has an angle different from 0 ° or 180 ° with respect to the flank line of the gear.
  • Machining direction is to be understood in the context of this disclosure, the direction along which material is mainly removed, wherein substantially the machining direction is provided along the respective tooth flank.
  • substantially linear machining directions along the tooth flank wherein the substantially linear machining direction and a superimposed machining direction, for example, along a height of the tooth flank span a working plane.
  • the angle between the substantially linear machining direction and the longitudinal axis of the gear changes during the machining, so that a curved machining direction is established.
  • complex geometries of the tooth flanks are made possible.
  • helical gears are enabled by gears.
  • the width of the case-shaped processing paths overlap at least partially in the area in which the processing tracks have a smaller width.
  • a travel path of at least the second tool is adapted adaptively using a geometrical measuring method to a geometry of the tooth flank of a respective tooth or the entirety of the teeth machined by the first tool.
  • the second tool only processes the regions of the respective tooth flank which were not machined by the first tool in order to avoid double machining of respective regions or reworking of a transition region from the first region to the second region.
  • a continuous and continuous transition from the first region of the respective tooth flank to the second region of the respective tooth flank should be achieved.
  • the position at which the transition from the processing region of the first tool to the processing region of the second tool takes place can be selected as desired.
  • the transition can be designed by fade-in and fade-out tool movement movements such that the tool movement moves the tooth profile correction provided for the tool to ensure a paragraph-free transition of the machining areas.
  • the machined allowance is adaptively adapted to the tooth flank and tooth profile geometry measured on at least one tooth flank.
  • a development of the method provides that the geometric measuring method uses an average of tooth positions of all the teeth of the toothed wheel for adaptation.
  • An embodiment of the method is characterized in that with the second tool a Zahnfußgeometrie and / or tooth edges of a respective tooth flank of a tooth is completely or partially worked out or finished. This avoids reworking the gear.
  • a development of the method provides that the first tool used is a tool that has a larger tool diameter than the second tool. It is thereby achieved that the first tool essentially processes a considerable part of the respective tooth flank of the respective tooth and the second tool finishes the intended geometry of the respective tooth flank, the finished machining with the second tool being smaller or smaller than in the first area significantly smaller range is limited. As a result, the wear of the respective gears is reduced.
  • An embodiment of the method is characterized in that the first, larger tool collides with the second area and does not allow complete, desired processing of the tooth flanks of the teeth of the first row of teeth.
  • a hob is, for example, a roller-shaped, that is to say substantially cylindrical, tool which has a multiplicity of cutting teeth.
  • the cutting teeth mill the corresponding teeth of the gear in a blank of the gear.
  • the machining area at the front in the machining direction has a radius corresponding to the radius of the hob.
  • an additional employment of the hob is required due to the helix angle.
  • a hob requires a certain run-out area to fully work out a respective tooth of a gear.
  • this fact leads to a characteristic distance between the first and the second row of teeth. Should this be kept as small as possible in its dimension, this leads to a diameter as small as possible and thus uneconomical Wälzfrästechnikmaschinezeug.
  • it is now provided to shorten the outlet area by processing only an outer edge area and / or a central area of the tooth flank with a hob.
  • a hob can continuously a large processing surface, so a variety of respective tooth flanks or teeth are processed economically. The processing time to machine a gear can be shortened considerably with this method.
  • a further embodiment of the method provides that the second tool used is a milling cutter or shaper or a grinding pin or a pin-shaped milling cutter.
  • Finger or pencil cutters are usually smaller in diameter than hob cutters or shifters. As a result, however, they allow processing with significantly less tool overflow and serve for the pre- and finish machining of a tooth flank or a tooth of a gear. According to the invention, it is provided to use such a milling cutter in order to finish the areas not machined by the hob, which have stopped due to the shortened outlet area.
  • Another embodiment of the method provides that a cutter or grinding pin is used, which has a cylindrical or conical shape with a straight, convex or concave tool edge. As a result, different tooth flank geometries can be generated in each case.
  • a further embodiment of the method is characterized in that a rotation axis of the first tool is oriented perpendicular to a rotation axis of the second tool.
  • a development of the method provides that the first and second tools are used on the same or on several machine tools.
  • Fig. 1 a shows a perspective view of a milling or grinding process with a profile tool according to the prior art.
  • Fig. 1 b shows a sectional view of a milling or grinding process with a profile tool according to the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of a gear with a first and a second row of teeth and intervening distance according to the prior art.
  • 3a and 3b show a sectional view of a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method according to the invention and a detailed view thereto.
  • 3c shows a sectional view of a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • 4a and 4b show a perspective view of a tooth of a gear and a detailed view of a finger or pin-shaped tool thereto.
  • FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a tooth flank and of tools for use in an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a tooth flank and of a further tool for use in an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows a sectional view of tooth flanks and a further tool for use in an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 a and 1 b show a general schematic principle of a method for producing gearwheels 100 with a double-angled serration 102 using a profile tool, for example a profile grinding wheel or a profile milling cutter 104.
  • 1 a shows a schematic view of a double-helical gear 100 with a first row of teeth 106 and a second row of teeth 108.
  • the profile tool 104 mills teeth 110 out of the workpiece 112 by removing material from a respective workpiece 1 12. Due to the radius 114 of the profile tool 104, it is necessary for the profile tool 104 to run beyond the actually predetermined length of the respective tooth 110, so that a tooth root area is also completely machined by the profile tool 104.
  • the gear 100 shown in Figure 1a has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the teeth 110 are arranged radially outward on the gear 100, so that the gear 100 is formed with an external toothing.
  • Figure 1 b and Figure 2 show the method described in Figure 1 a in a sectional view in this view is even more clearly visible that the profile tool 104 due to the outlet region due to the radius 1 14 when editing the tooth 1 10 of the row of teeth 108 with a Tooth 110 of the tooth row 106 may collide.
  • the gear 100 has the distance 116 between the first row of teeth 106 and the second row of teeth 108.
  • the gear 100 has, as already described, an external toothing.
  • the external toothing is designed as a double helical toothing 102.
  • the double helical toothing 102 has the first row of teeth 106 and the second row of teeth 108. Due to the helical gearing, a first tooth 1 10a and a second tooth 1 10b are visible in the sectional views shown in the first row of teeth 106, and a third tooth 1 10c and a fourth tooth 1 10d are visible in the second row of teeth 108. Between the respective teeth 110, an intermediate region 118 is formed in each case.
  • a web 1 16 is formed between the first row of teeth 106 and the second row of teeth 108.
  • a reduced web region 120 which can be achieved with the method according to the invention, is indicated.
  • the reduced web region 120 has a shortened extent in comparison to the web 116 occurring with the method according to the prior art.
  • the inventive method is now shown schematically.
  • the method is illustrated by way of example on a toothed wheel 10 with a double helical toothing 12.
  • the toothed wheel 10 has a first row of teeth 28 and a second row of teeth 30.
  • a respective tooth 14 of the gear 10 is first processed by a first tool 16.
  • the first tool 16 may be a profile tool, as shown.
  • the first tool 16 may also be a Wälzschleifsch tease, a hob, a profiled disc cutter, a profile grinding wheel or an involute cutter,
  • a helical gearing 12 is shown in this example, it should be noted in this illustration that the profile tool 16 does not have the teeth along a longitudinal axis 17 14 works out, but moves along a flank line and works, which is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis 17 and protrudes in this representation of the display plane.
  • the processing sections 18, 19 described below are therefore projected onto the longitudinal axis 17.
  • the longitudinal axis 17 substantially corresponds to the axis of rotation of the gear.
  • the profile tool 16 processes a first portion 18 of the tooth 14.
  • the first portion 18 extends relative to the longitudinal axis 17 of the gear 10 from an edge region of the gear 10 in the direction of a central region 20 of the gear 10 to a second portion 19 of the gear 10th
  • the hob 16 carries in the first section 18 material from the workpiece and thereby forms a tooth flank 22 of the tooth 14.
  • the first portion 18 of the tooth 14 is determined by the selection of the tool size of the first tool 16. For example, when using a hob cutter, the hob diameter determines the extent of the first portion 18.
  • the hob grinder determines the extent of the first portion 18.
  • Grinding screw diameter is the extension of the first section 18, in the case of discontinuous gear grinding it is the grinding wheel diameter and in the case of involute milling it is the involute cutter diameter.
  • tools are selected as large as possible to ensure economical machining, thereby maximizing the number of usable cutting edges on tools with particular cutting edge or abrasive grains on undefined cutting tools.
  • the second section 19 of the tooth 14 or the tooth flank 22 is machined with a second tool 24.
  • the second tool 24 may, for example, be a form milling cutter which images or approximates the tooth flank profile.
  • the second tool 24 may be an end mill, die mill, ball mill, barrel cutters or the like.
  • the second tool 24 is thus a milling or grinding tool with a substantially radial orientation of the tool rotation axis with respect to the gear rotation axis.
  • the illustrated first tool 16 can also be designed as a milling tool in the form and orientation of the second tool 24. However, the first tool 16 has a larger tool diameter than the second tool 24.
  • the axis of rotation of the first tool 16 is aligned radially or approximately radially to the gear rotation axis. It is essential that the first row of teeth 28 is formed in a first region I of the gear 10 and adjacent to a second region II of the gear 10. The second area II limits the processing area of the respective tools 16, 24 and forms a collision contour B. In the embodiment described above, the collision contour B is the second row of teeth 30.
  • the possible distance at the level of the tooth head of the toothing is smaller than half the diameter of the first tool and thus enables a reduction in the width of the web 16 according to the invention.
  • the second section 19 is shown in FIG. 3b, which shows the section A enlarged in FIG. 3b.
  • the second section 19 is essentially characterized in that it comprises the area not machined by the first tool 16.
  • the second tool 24 thus carries the remaining material 25 of the tooth 14 to be formed or the tooth flank 22 to be formed in the second section 19, so that the second tool 24 completes the tooth flank 22.
  • the tooth 14 or the tooth flank 22 or its geometry is thus worked out by using the first tool 16 and the second tool 24.
  • FIG. 3 b clearly shows that the first tool 16 does not receive a run-out area for completely working out the tooth flank 22 or does not require a run-out area, but instead has a shortened processing area compared to the prior art.
  • a contour of the second portion 19 or of the remaining material 25 has a rounding 26, which is justified in the processing of the substantially round or cylindrical first tool 16, ie. For example, the hob, the first section 18 worked. Due to the shortened compared to the prior art processing area of the first tool 16 and the finishing with the second tool 24 of the central region and the web portion 20 is formed shortened. This also reduces the overall width of the gear 10, which in turn can be saved weight.
  • the second tool 24 is chosen significantly smaller in size than the first tool 16. This is possible because the section to be machined by the second tool 24 is also significantly smaller than the first tool 16. As a result, the second tool 24 is much more flexibly replaceable and can adaptively adapt to the rest of the tooth flank geometry, ie the flank geometry produced by the first tool 16 has been formed.
  • the surface machined by this second tool 24 generally has an overlap with the tooth flank area made with the tool 16. As a result, a paragraph-free transition is achieved on the tooth flank.
  • the second tool 24 can specifically process the second section 19.
  • the first section 18 and the second section 19 define the first region I or first component region of the toothed wheel 10.
  • the first toothed row 28 is thus arranged in this first region I of the toothed wheel 10.
  • the second row of teeth 30 is arranged in the second region II of the gear 10.
  • the middle region 20 substantially comprises the region described in the introduction, in which the web is formed between the first row of teeth 28 and the second row of teeth 30 or the collision contour B.
  • the collision contour B may be a second row of teeth or any other component contour that is not equal to a toothing.
  • FIG. 3 c shows a further possibility of using the method according to the invention, in which the first row of teeth 28 is formed in the first area I and adjoins the second area II. However, the second region II remains unprocessed in this application and forms a collision contour B.
  • FIG. 3 c shows the profile tool 16 and the finger or pin tool 24 in a position in which both tools 16,
  • the finger or pencil tool 24 reaches with its axis of rotation a position which is considerably closer to the collision contour B.
  • the profile tool 16 can not be moved further to the center of the gear without violating the collision contour B.
  • the finger or pin tool 24 can be brought closer to the collision contour B than the first tool 16, the second tool 24 can work out the tooth 14 or the tooth flank in the second area 19.
  • the web region 20 can be made small. In the production of gears, especially with a larger module, an economical machining with a large first tool 16 and at the same time a small web diameter determined by the smaller diameter of the second tool 24 is thus made possible.
  • the width of the web portion 20 is smaller than half the diameter of the first tool 16.
  • the modulus of the gear is defined as the quotient of the gear pitch circle diameter and the number of teeth.
  • a larger module also causes a proportional increase in the tooth cross section.
  • Figure 4a shows an enlarged perspective view of a tooth 14 with a respective Zahnfußgeometrie 32 and a respective tooth flank geometry 34. On the tooth flank 34 each have a profile line 33 and a flank line 38 are shown.
  • the profile line 33 extends along the profile of the tooth 14 substantially radially on the tooth flank geometry 34.
  • the flank line 38 extends along the tooth flank 22 substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the gear, the flank line 38 is inclined at a helical toothing with respect to the longitudinal axis of the gear.
  • the Zahnfußgeometrie 32 in this case has a first radius R1 and a second radius R2. The radii R1 and R2 merge into each other.
  • FIG. 4 b shows a second tool 24 which is used to machine the tooth root geometry 32.
  • the Zahnfußgeometrie 32 may be part of the second portion 19 and be included by the second portion 19, which is machined by the second tool 24 or.
  • the second tool 24 has a shank region 36 and a processing region 40.
  • Dev processing area 40 again has a header area 42.
  • the head region 42 is shown enlarged on the left side of Figure 4b.
  • the machining region 40 tapers toward the head region 42.
  • One type of taper is, for example, a conical transition from the shaft region 36 to the head region 42.
  • the head region 42 is essentially spherical.
  • the head region 42 has several partial geometries.
  • the head region 42 has at least two partial geometries, namely radius R1 and radius R2.
  • the radii R1 and R2 merge tangentially into each other.
  • the radius R1 covers a cutting region of at least approximately 30 ° along the head region 42.
  • the center M1 of the radius R1 lies outside a rotation axis RA of the tool 24.
  • the center M2 of the radius R2 is arranged on the rotation axis RA.
  • the radius R1 is greater than the radius R2.
  • the inventive feature is that the radius R1 comprises at least an angle of about 30 ° to about 45 °, starting from the flank normal. This typically corresponds to the area of the highest tooth flexion stress, which can thus be provided with as large a local radius as possible.
  • the head region 42 is designed to machine the Zahnfußgeometrie 32. In an alternative embodiment, the head region 42 may be a separate tool used solely for machining the root of the tooth.
  • the second tool 24 is thus designed to form a first radius region R1 and a second radius region R2 on the Zahnfußgeometrie 32, so work out. This is made possible by the second tool 24 processing the tooth root geometry 32 with the respective different regions of the head region 42.
  • the second tool 24 also has a third part geometry with a third radius R3, with which a third radius range of the Zahnfußgeometrie can be worked out.
  • the center M3 of the radius R3 is arranged on the rotation axis RA of the tool 24. However, the center M3 and the center M2 are arranged at different heights of the rotation axis RA. It is provided that the center M3 is arranged closer to the edge of the tool 24 than the center M2.
  • the radius R3 is smaller than the radii R1 and R2, so R1> R2> R3. This allows a larger radius to be generated in an area where maximum stresses occur in the root of the tooth at an angle of about 30 ° to 45 ° to the root center than in a central root area.
  • the at least two radii of the head region 42 of the tool 24 can also be present in a modified form.
  • the modified shape is produced by transferring the Zahnfußgeometrie 32 to a tool geometry in which the tool 24 is made at an angle of attack, a so-called lead angle to the profile line.
  • the following figures 5 to 7 describe the formation of a respective tooth flank geometry.
  • the goal in the production of tooth profiles is the smallest possible deviation from the ideal involute and thus the profile line, including tooth corrections.
  • the respective tool can be guided several times in multiple paths along the tooth flank.
  • the superimposition of the tool geometry leads to an approximation to the ideal shape.
  • the overlay may also result in deviations from the ideal tooth flank geometry at the transitions from one lane to another lane. It is now proposed to use milling tools with cylindrical or conical ⁇ Figure 5), convex (Figure 7) or concave (Figure 6) tool geometry. All tools shown have at their edge a respective cutting edge for removing material.
  • FIG. 5 shows on the left side a section of a tooth flank geometry 34 of a tooth 14. On the right side of FIG. 5, two tools 24a and 24b are shown.
  • the tooth 14 represents an involute toothing.
  • the tooth flank geometry 34 of the tooth 14 was produced with the respective flank 44a, 44b of one of the tools 24a or 24b.
  • the tools 24a and 24b are designed as essentially cylindrical tools and each have a straight tool flank 44a, 44b.
  • the tool 24a has a shank region 36a, which is adjoined by a processing region 40a.
  • the processing area 40a is adjoined by a head area 42a.
  • the transition from the shank region 36a as well as the transition from the processing region 40a into the head region 42a takes place substantially straight.
  • the head portion 42a and the processing portion 40a include a cutting edge for removing material.
  • the head region 42a has a cutting radius RK1 in the transition region at its edge region, so that the head region 42a is rounded off.
  • the head portion 42a of the tool 24a has a straight portion 43a.
  • the tool 24a thus has a cutting edge with a cutting radius RK1 and a straight cutting region, the processing region 40a.
  • the tool 24b likewise has a shank region 36b, which is adjoined by a machining region 40b.
  • the processing area 40b is followed by a head area 42b.
  • the transition from the shank region 36b to the processing region 40b has an angle 48b.
  • the machining area 40b tapers from the shank area 36b in the direction of the head area 42b, with the tool flank 44b tapering straight.
  • the head region 42b is substantially round.
  • the transition from the processing area 40b into the head area 42b is therefore essentially tangential.
  • the head region 42b essentially corresponds to the head region 42 described in FIG. 4b, so that reference is made to the disclosure of the head region 42 of the tool 24 in FIG. 4b.
  • the tooth flank geometry 34 (left side of FIG.
  • the length 46 of a section 34a, 34b, 34c essentially corresponds to a machining area of a tool 24 (FIG. 4), 24a, 24b.
  • the tools 24a, 24b are designed to machine the tooth flank 22, in which material is removed, as a result of which the tooth flank geometry 34 is formed.
  • the tools 24a or 24b carry material from the tooth flank 22 line by line.
  • the length 46 corresponds to the line spacing, with which the tooth flank 22 is processed.
  • the tools process the sections 34a, 34b and 34c with the same area of their tool flank 44a or 44b by being displaced axially along their longitudinal axis by the amount 46 and aligned tangentially to the tooth flank 34.
  • the machining takes place with different, longitudinally offset regions of the tool flank 44a or 44b, in that the tool is not axially displaced, but merely reoriented on the region of the tooth flank 34a, 34b or 34c to be machined. This leads to a uniform distribution of tool wear along the edge of the tool.
  • FIG. 6 shows a tooth 14 with a tooth flank 22 and a tooth flank geometry 35 on the left side.
  • a tool 24c is shown on the right side in FIG.
  • the tool 24c has a shank region 36c, followed by a machining region 40c.
  • the processing area 40c is adjoined by a head area 42c.
  • the transition from the shank region 36c to the processing region 40c has an angle 48c.
  • the machining area 40 tapers from the shaft area 36c to the head area 42c, so it is conical.
  • the tool flank 44c is concave, i. the tool flank 44c has a curvature with a radius RW1.
  • the tooth flank geometry 35 or the tooth flank profile is generated.
  • a line spacing or the processing length 46 is shown.
  • the tooth flank profile 35 in this case has a curvature with the radius RE1, which is referred to as involute radius.
  • the radius RE1 of the tooth flank geometry 35 is smaller than the tool flank radius RW1 of the tool flank 44c or in other words the tool flank radius RW1 is greater than the radius RE1 of the tooth flank profile.
  • the tool edge radius RW1 is specified during the production of the tool 24c.
  • This configuration of the tool flank 44c results in a substantially tangential transition from web to web being achieved in the case of parallel tool paths, and a faceting of the tooth flank geometry 35 being reduced.
  • the tool 24c as in the use of a profile cutter, on the entire tooth profile height simultaneously engaged, whereby higher Abdrnature can arise and the profile accuracy is completely determined by the tool profile shape.
  • FIG. 7 shows on the left side a tooth 14 with a tooth flank 22 with parallel milling paths 37d, 37e.
  • a tool 24d is shown which has a shank region 36d, which is adjoined by a processing region 40d.
  • the processing area 40d is followed by a head area 42d.
  • the machining area 36d has a tool flank 44d.
  • the tool flank 44d is convex and has a radius RW2.
  • the head region 42d is substantially round and has a radius RK2.
  • the radius RK2 is smaller than the radius RW2.
  • the tooth flank geometries or milling paths 37d and 37e are formed.
  • the tooth flank geometry 37d is produced by line-by-line machining of the tooth flank 22 with the head region 42d and the radius RK2.
  • the tooth flank geometry 37e is produced by processing the tooth flank 22 with the processing region 40d or the tool flank 44d with the radius RW2 line by line.
  • a tooth flank geometry 37d, 37e thus results in the form of a wave pattern with a respective spacing 46.
  • the tool 24d is used, a smaller profile deviation is achieved in the region of the tooth root.
  • the number of required tool paths can be significantly reduced, which leads to a minimization of the processing time and to an increase of the tool stand path and thus to a more uniform gear quality.
  • the tools are characterized in that they have the contour of a respective tooth profile shape, so-called profile tools.
  • profile tools can be derived from the contour, ie the geometry, in the profile direction or a geometry derived from the tooth geometry or tooth flank geometry.
  • a non-exclusive example is the profile line, the profile corresponds, which is determined from a projection of an employed to a feed direction at an angle tool.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention lies in the flexibility of the producible tooth flank geometries 34, 35, 37d, 37e in that respective tools 24a-24d are used.
  • a tool 24a-24d can be selected and used in the machine platform.
  • the travel path of the second tool 24 can be adapted adaptively to the geometry of the tooth flank 22 of a tooth 14 that has been worked out by the first tool 16.
  • the travel path of the second tool 24 can also be adapted to the geometry of the entirety of the teeth machined by the first tool, in which case an average value of the tooth flanks 22 machined by the first tool 16 is first determined.
  • the second tools 24 which are formed substantially finger-shaped, only the regions of the tooth flank 22 are now processed material removal, which are not accessible with the first tools 16.
  • the use of the second tools 24 can be made more economical for a large part of the respective surface of the tooth flank 22 since the surface to be machined or the material to be removed is considerably reduced and an efficient machining with a larger tool 16 takes place for the largest region of the tooth flank 22 , LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une roue dentée (10) comprenant au moins une rangée (28) de dents comportant plusieurs dents (14), laquelle est disposée dans une première zone (I) de la roue dentée (10) et jouxte une deuxième zone (II) de la roue dentée (10), qui présente un diamètre identique ou un diamètre plus grand que la première zone (I) de la roue dentée (10). Lors du procédé, les dents (14) de la ou des rangées (28) de dents de la roue dentée (10) à fabriquer sont au moins en partie usinées et/ou finalisées en utilisant un premier outil (16) et au moins un deuxième outil (24) différent du premier outil (16). Du matériau d'une première section (18) d'un flanc (22) d'une dent (14) d'une rangée (28) de dents de la roue dentée (10) à fabriquer est enlevé à l'aide du premier outil (16), ce qui permet ainsi d'usiner en partie le flanc (22) de dent, puis du matériau d'une deuxième section (19) du flanc (22) de dent est retiré à l'aide du deuxième outil (24), ce qui permet d'usiner ou de finaliser en totalité le flanc (22) de la dent (14) respective de la rangée (28) de dents respective de la roue dentée (10) à fabriquer.
PCT/EP2018/083368 2017-12-07 2018-12-03 Procédé de fabrication d'une roue dentée WO2019110519A1 (fr)

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DE102017011276.2A DE102017011276A1 (de) 2017-12-07 2017-12-07 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Zahnrads

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DE1041325B (de) * 1956-05-14 1958-10-16 Tacke Maschinenfabrik Komm Ges Verfahren zum Herstellen von Pfeilverzahnungen
US20040031152A1 (en) 2002-08-08 2004-02-19 Jinkins David L. Herringbone gear teeth and method for manufacturing same
US20120114441A1 (en) 2010-09-27 2012-05-10 Deckel Maho Pfronten Gmbh Process for producing a toothed wheel having a herringbone gearing and a process and an apparatus for generating control data to form a herringbone gearing on a workpiece.
WO2015109074A1 (fr) 2014-01-17 2015-07-23 Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation Machine et procédé pour l'usinage de dents d'engrenage
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CN107755991A (zh) * 2017-11-06 2018-03-06 北京航空航天大学 一种无空刀槽双螺旋齿轮的磨削加工方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7407942B2 (ja) 2019-12-20 2024-01-04 ハルトメタル－ウェルクゾーグファブリック ポール ホーン ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング ワークピースを機械加工するための工具及び機械加工する方法

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