WO2019110104A1 - Réglage de nœuds radio d'un système de nœuds radio en fonction des besoins attendus - Google Patents

Réglage de nœuds radio d'un système de nœuds radio en fonction des besoins attendus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019110104A1
WO2019110104A1 PCT/EP2017/081830 EP2017081830W WO2019110104A1 WO 2019110104 A1 WO2019110104 A1 WO 2019110104A1 EP 2017081830 W EP2017081830 W EP 2017081830W WO 2019110104 A1 WO2019110104 A1 WO 2019110104A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radio
radio node
expected
needed
positioning
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/081830
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jari Tapani SYRJÄRINNE
Lauri Aarne Johannes Wirola
Original Assignee
Here B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Here B.V. filed Critical Here B.V.
Priority to EP17822185.9A priority Critical patent/EP3824308A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2017/081830 priority patent/WO2019110104A1/fr
Publication of WO2019110104A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019110104A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G01S5/0226—Transmitters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S2205/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S2205/01—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S2205/02—Indoor

Definitions

  • the following disclosure relates primarily to the field of indoor positioning, and more particularly to systems, apparatuses, and methods for controlling a system, e.g. a system usable for indoor positioning, such as a beacon monitoring and management system.
  • a system e.g. a system usable for indoor positioning, such as a beacon monitoring and management system.
  • the solution needs to be based on an existing infrastructure in the buildings and on existing capabilities in the consumer devices.
  • Wi-Fi- and/or Bluetooth (BT)-technologies that are already supported in every smartphone, tablet, laptop and even in the majority of feature phones. It is, thus, required to find a solution that uses the Wi-Fi- and BT-radio signals in such a way that makes it possible to achieve 2 to 3 meter horizontal positioning accuracy, close to 100% floor detection with the ability to quickly build the global coverage for this approach.
  • radiomapping To setup indoor positioning in a building, the radio environment in the building needs to be surveyed. This phase is called radiomapping. In the radiomapping phase samples containing geolocation (like latitude, longitude, altitude; or x, y, floor) and radio measurements (Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth radio node identities and signal strengths). Having these samples allows understanding how the radio signals behave in the building. This understanding is called a radio map.
  • the radio map enables localization capability to devices. When they observe varying radio signals, the signals can be compared to the radio map resulting in the location information.
  • the radio samples for the radio map may be collected with special software tools or crowd-sourced from the user devices. While automated crowd-sourcing can enable indoor localization in large number of buildings, manual data collection using special software tools may be the best option, when the highest accuracy is desired.
  • beacon systems Yet another aspect of the modern radio node respectively beacon systems is beacon monitoring and management.
  • the key aspect of these systems may be as follows:
  • Hubs are deployed throughout the venue so that each beacon can communicate with at least one hub.
  • the hubs are connected to a
  • gateway hub which is essentially a
  • the hubs may be connected to the gateway hub through cable (e.g. Ethernet) or wirelessly (e.g. Wi-Fi, Cellular).
  • a plurality of radio nodes e.g. beacons
  • the radio nodes may then be connected to the gateway hub, e.g. wirelessly (e.g. Wi-Fi, Cellular).
  • the radio nodes forming the mesh communication network may
  • the gateway hub connected to the radio nodes forming the mesh communication network or connected to the further hubs is connected to a monitoring/management server.
  • the beacon monitoring refers to monitoring the beacon characteristics typically via one-way communications by the hubs.
  • the beacons may e.g. periodically broadcast their battery states, which transmissions are captured by the hubs and further routed to the monitoring/management server for analysis and visualization.
  • the beacon management refers to being able to perform two-way
  • the server managing/monitoring the hub and/or beacon constellations can be a virtual server operated in a cloud (e.g. AWS, Azure), or it can be also a physical local server constituting a self-hosted, high-security system.
  • the beacons of such systems usually transmit advertisement packets for positioning purposes continuously. In that case, if the beacons continue to continuously transmit signals for positioning purposes (1Hz rate, 0 dbmW), energy is drained continuously. This may in particular be critical, as the beacons of such systems may run on battery power and the continuous transmission may result in a quick drainage of the battery power.
  • Switching off beacons may not be desirable, as switched off beacons may become completely unresponsive. Also, switching off beacons may be undesirable, because this may result in positioning being completely unavailable for the user of a mobile device.
  • an object of the invention to provide a solution for intelligently controlling the radio nodes of such a system and, in particular, to provide a solution for controlling of radio nodes of a system allowing for energy savings. It is also an object of the invention to provide a controlling of radio nodes of a system with an as little impairment as possible on the positioning service for a user.
  • a method is disclosed, performed by at least one apparatus, the method comprising:
  • the system comprising at least one hub and a plurality of a radio nodes in communication with at least one of the at least one hub, the radio nodes being able to broadcast signals usable for positioning of the mobile device of the respective user in an area of the system, and
  • an apparatus configured to perform and/or control or comprising respective means for performing and/or controlling a method according to the first aspect, that is a method, the method comprising:
  • the system comprising at least one hub and a plurality of a radio nodes in communication with at least one of the at least one hub, the radio nodes being able to broadcast signals usable for positioning of the mobile device of the respective user in an area of the system,
  • the means of an apparatus of the different aspects can be implemented in hardware and/or software. They may comprise for instance at least one processor for executing computer program code for performing the required functions, at least one memory storing the program code, or both. Alternatively, they could comprise for instance circuitry that is designed to implement the required functions, for instance
  • the means may comprise for instance one or more processing means or processors.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least perform a method according to the first aspect.
  • the disclosed apparatus of any aspect may be a part of the described system of the different aspects, which can be used for positioning purposes and which comprises at least one hub and a plurality of radio nodes.
  • the apparatus may also be an apparatus separate from the described system.
  • a herein-disclosed apparatus may be a module or a component for a device, for example a chip.
  • a disclosed apparatus according to any aspect of the invention may be a device, for instance a server or server cloud.
  • a disclosed apparatus according to any aspect of the invention may comprise only the disclosed components, for instance means, processor, memory, or may further comprise one or more additional components.
  • a system comprising at least one hub and a plurality of a radio nodes in communication with at least one of the at least one hub, the radio nodes being able to broadcast signals usable for positioning of a mobile device of a respective user in an area of the system, the system being configured for performing a method according to the first aspect.
  • a computer program code is disclosed, the computer program code when executed by a processor causing an apparatus to perform the actions of the method according to the first aspect.
  • a computer readable storage medium in which computer program code according to the fourth aspect is stored.
  • the computer program may be stored on computer-readable storage medium, in particular a tangible and/or non-transitory medium.
  • the computer readable storage medium could for example be a disk or a memory or the like.
  • the computer program could be stored in the computer readable storage medium in the form of instructions encoding the computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer readable storage medium may be intended for taking part in the operation of a device, like an internal or external memory, for instance a Read-Only Memory (ROM) or hard disk of a computer, or be intended for distribution of the program, like an optical disc.
  • ROM Read-Only Memory
  • the radio nodes of the system may repetitively and/or automatically broadcast radio signals.
  • a corresponding radio node may be understood as a beacon.
  • a respective radio node may in particular comprise an energy storage, e.g. a battery.
  • the radio node may be self-sustaining.
  • the radio nodes may use different radio technologies, e.g. a radio technology according to a BT- (Bluetooth) and/or BLE- (Bluetooth Low Energy) specification, according to the Wi-Fi or WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) specification (that is in particular the IEEE 802.11 standard).
  • the radio node may thus be a Bluetooth beacon or may for instance be a Wi-Fi Access Point.
  • radio signals allow for indoor positioning and/or floor detection.
  • the radio node may for instance use a transceiver for transmitting and/or broadcasting radio signals.
  • Such radio signals may in particular comprise identifier information, identifying the radio node.
  • Indoor positioning may comprise a horizontal and/or vertical positioning.
  • a vertical positioning may be a floor detection, for instance.
  • radio signals usable for positioning of a mobile device of a respective user in the area of the system are identification or advertising information broadcast by the radio nodes, e.g. advertising packets (e.g. Eddystone or iBeacon advertising packets) or (Basic) Service Set Identifiers ((B)SSIDs).
  • advertising packets e.g. Eddystone or iBeacon advertising packets
  • BSSIDs Base System Identifiers
  • the area of the system may for instance be a building, a shopping mall, a car park, an office complex, a public accessible location (e.g. station, airport, university or the like) or a part thereof, to name but a few non-limiting examples.
  • the area of the system may be understood as being or comprising substantially the coverage area of the radio nodes, that is the area in which radio signals of the radio nodes are receivable (e.g. with a signal strength above a certain threshold).
  • Mobile devices of users in the area of the system may thus be able to receive radio signals of the respective radio nodes. This may then allow a determination, e.g. by the mobile device itself or by another device, of the position of a respective mobile device (which is considered to be the position of the user of the respective mobile device).
  • the mobile device or the respective device performing the position For this, the mobile device or the respective device performing the position
  • a determination may be or may have been provided with a radio map allowing for deriving a geographical position of the mobile device in the area of the system from the received radio signal, e.g. via certain location specific characteristics of the radio signal, such as received signal strength (RSS).
  • RSS received signal strength
  • the system comprises at least one hub.
  • a hub may work on different network layers (e.g. of the OSI model). Typically, a hub works at the physical layer (layer one). However, a hub may also be understood to be an apparatus working at different layers (e.g. layer 2, 3, 4 etc.). Thus the hub may also have the functionality of a switch, router or gateway, for instance.
  • the at least one hub may be provided such that a communication connection between the at least one hub and the plurality of radio nodes of the system can be established.
  • the term communication is understood to cover a one-way communication and a two- way communication between a respective radio node and a respective hub.
  • each of the plurality of radio nodes may for instance be deployed in the area of the system so that each radio node can
  • a radio node is in communication with only one hub.
  • a hub is usually configured for communication with multiple radio nodes.
  • a hub may also be configured for communication with other hubs.
  • At least one of the hubs may for instance be able to communicate with a (remote) server, e.g. via a wirebound or wireless communication connection.
  • the hub able to communicate with a server may have the functionality of a gateway and may thus be seen as a gateway hub.
  • the system may thus comprise at least one gateway hub in communication with a (remote) server and a plurality of hubs in communication with the gateway hub.
  • a system or a part thereof may in particular be needed (e.g. by a user of the mobile device, by an application of the mobile device or by an external application being executed on a server or in the cloud), for positioning of a respective mobile device, if one or more users are present in the area of the system and are using their respective mobile devices for positioning purposes.
  • a system or part thereof is only considered needed if the system is to expected to be needed to a certain degree (e.g. at least by certain number of users). Whether a system or a part thereof is expected to be needed may be determined based on different approaches as will be explained in more detail in the following.
  • a part of the system may be or may comprise a certain subset of radio nodes of the plurality of radio nodes of the system, for instance.
  • a part of the system may correspond to a certain sub-area of the system.
  • a part of the system may comprise only the radio nodes of a certain sub-area, e.g. a certain floor or a certain section (of a building]. Accordingly, that only a part of the system may or may not be expected to be needed may be understood that only a certain subset of radio nodes of the plurality of radio nodes (e.g. the ones arranged on a certain floor or in a certain section] is or is not expected to be needed.
  • Controlling at least one property of a radio node may in particular comprise changing or triggering changing a property of a respective radio node (if necessary].
  • at least a one-way communication from a respective hub to a respective radio node may be used, so that the respective radio node can at least receive respective controlling signals from or via the hub.
  • a two-way communication between the respective radio node and hub may also be used ln this case, the hub (and a managing server in communication with the hub] can also receive e.g. status information from the radio node.
  • the hub and a managing server in communication with the hub] can also receive e.g. status information from the radio node.
  • only the property of those radio nodes of the plurality of radio nodes may be changed, for which a change is necessary.
  • a first property is controlled (e.g. changed]
  • a second property is controlled (e.g. changed].
  • the property to be controlled may in particular be a property related to the broadcasting of the signals, i.e. a broadcasting related property (such as a state of activity of the radio node, a broadcasting power or broadcasting interval of the radio node) as will be described in more detail further below.
  • a mobile device may for instance be a mobile terminal.
  • the mobile device may in particular be a portable electronic device (e.g. a smartphone, a tablet, a portable navigation device, to name but a few non-limiting examples).
  • a portable electronic device e.g. a smartphone, a tablet, a portable navigation device, to name but a few non-limiting examples.
  • the described system may be a radio node (e.g. beacon) monitoring and management system.
  • a radio node e.g. beacon
  • exemplary features and exemplary embodiments of all aspects of the present invention will be described in further detail.
  • the determining whether the system or a part thereof is expected to be needed for positioning of a mobile device of a respective user is at least based on a time of day and/or date.
  • the time of day and/or the date have been shown to be reliable parameters for
  • the expected use of the system or of a part of the system may depend on the day of the week or on whether it is a public holiday or not.
  • the expected use of the system or of a part of the system may depend on the time of day, because e.g. during the night time there may be less need for positioning services, as no users are usually present at night time.
  • the radio nodes of the system may transmit advertising packets for positioning purposes in the area of the car park continuously (automatically and repeatedly].
  • the radio nodes are continuously broadcasting radio signals for positioning purposes (e.g. at a 1Hz repetition rate, at a power of 0 dbmW], energy, i.e.
  • the low-usage time can be identified to be at least a third of the day (e.g. from 9pm to 6am, i.e. 9 hours). Thus, it may be determined that during a low-usage time (e.g. 9pm to 6am) the system or a part thereof is not expected to be needed, while during a high-usage time (6am to 9pm) it may be determined that the system is expected to be needed. If a property of at least one radio node is controlled based on the result of this determining, a significant energy (e.g. battery life-time) savings (e.g. of up to 50%) can be achieved.
  • a significant energy e.g. battery life-time
  • the determining whether the system or a part thereof is expected to be needed for positioning of a mobile device of a respective user is at least based on a measurement result of at least one sensor indicative of the presence of a user and/or mobile device in the area of the system or a part thereof potentially needing the system or a part thereof for positioning.
  • the measurement result may be considered indicative of the presence of user and/or mobile device potentially needing the system or a part thereof for positioning.
  • a presence of a user and/or mobile device in the area of the system or a part thereof it may be determined that the system or the respective part thereof is expected to be needed for positioning of a mobile device of a respective user.
  • no presence of a user and/or mobile device in the area of the system or a part thereof it may be determined that the system or the respective part thereof is not expected to be needed for positioning of a mobile device of a respective user.
  • a sensor may be any sensor suitable for detecting the presence of a person (i.e. a potential user of the system for positioning purposes) or a mobile device.
  • the at least one sensor is preferably, but not necessarily arranged in the area of the system.
  • the at least one sensor may detect the radiation (e.g. infrared radiation) of a user.
  • the at least one sensor may detect radiation (e.g. Wi-Fi radiation) of a mobile device of a user thus indicating the presence of a user.
  • the sensor may also be a sensor indicating the use of a facility in or close to the area of the system (e.g. a door, an elevator or the like), thus being indicative of the presence of a user.
  • the at least one sensor is or comprises a motion detector for detecting motion of a user in the area of the system.
  • a motion detector may be a passive infrared (PIR) based motion detector, a microwave based motion detector, a ultrasonic motion detector, a tomographic motion detector and/or a video camera based motion detector, to name a few examples.
  • PIR passive infrared
  • the motion detector detects a motion, the measurement result would indicate the presence of a (potential) user of the system for positioning purposes.
  • respective sensors may be provided at some or all of the hubs of the system. The sensors may be integrally formed with the hubs.
  • the sensors may be arranged in the area of the system independent form the locations of the hubs.
  • the sensors may be sensors of another system, e.g. sensors (in particular motion detectors) of a lighting system. The measurement results of these sensors may be used as an input for said determining whether the system or a part thereof is expected to be needed.
  • the determining whether the system or a part thereof is expected to be needed for positioning of a mobile device of a respective user is at least based on a positioning result of a positioning of a respective mobile device of a respective user. For instance, if the positioning result of the positioning is within the area of the system or a part thereof, it may be determined that the system or the respective part thereof is expected to be needed for positioning of a mobile device of a respective user. If the positioning result of the positioning is outside the area of the system or a part thereof, it may be determined that the system or the respective part thereof is not expected to be needed for positioning of a mobile device of a respective user.
  • the positioning result may be based on positioning techniques performed by the respective mobile device.
  • the positioning result may in particular be based on a position estimate for the mobile device obtained via a positioning technique not based on the described system.
  • the positioning result may be obtained based on a satellite navigation system (e.g. NAVSTAR, GPS (Global Positioning System), GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System), Galileo, Beidou).
  • the positioning estimate may have a low accuracy (e.g. a lower accuracy than what is achievable with the described system in the area of the system).
  • the positioning of a respective mobile device of a respective user is at least partially based on the signals broadcast by one or more radio nodes of the system.
  • This (first) positioning may be of a low Quality of Service (e.g. low accuracy or slow), because parts of the system (that is a part of the radio nodes) are not broadcasting or broadcasting with a low broadcasting power.
  • the results of the positioning service provided by the broadcast signals of the radio nodes of the described system in this case not only serve for positioning a respective mobile device but at the same time as a basis for determining whether the system or a part thereof is expected to be needed for positioning of a mobile device of a respective user.
  • the respective mobile device may, after the (first) positioning of the mobile device at least partially based on the signals broadcast by one or more radio nodes of the system, provide the (first) positioning result to the system (e.g. to a server in communication with a hub or gateway hub of the system).
  • a (second) positioning of the mobile device or a positioning of further devices can then be performed with a better Quality of Service (e.g. higher accuracy or faster).
  • the described system and the mobile device may constitute a feedback loop or closed loop.
  • the determining whether the system or a part thereof is expected to be needed for positioning of a mobile device of a respective user is at least based on a monitoring of a radio activity in the area of the system or a part thereof other than the radio activity due to the signals broadcast by the radio nodes of the system.
  • the monitoring of a radio activity may be considered a monitoring of the radio environment in the area of the system or a part thereof.
  • the monitoring may comprise (e.g. by the hubs of the system) listening to radio transmissions, such as generic Bluetooth transmissions or Wi-Fi transmission of mobile devices. Radio activity can be seen as an indication of the presence of mobile devices or users, respectively.
  • the radio activity in the area of the system or a part thereof is above a threshold, it may be determined that the system or the respective part thereof is expected to be needed for positioning of a mobile device of a respective user. If the radio activity in the area of the system or a part thereof is below a threshold, it may be determined that the system or the respective part thereof is not expected to be needed for positioning of a mobile device of a respective user.
  • a measure for the radio activity may for instance be the number of connections, the intensity of the radio activity, the amount of data transmitted and/or the duration of radio activity, to name a few examples.
  • the monitoring of a radio activity comprises monitoring Bluetooth signals and/or monitoring Wi-Fi signals.
  • the monitoring of such signals provides reliable results on the presence of users and thus on the expected need of the system.
  • the monitoring of a radio activity in the area of the system or a part thereof comprises checking that a source of the radio activity is a mobile source.
  • the radio activity of undesired sources of radio activity e.g. constant stationary sources, such as wireless access points or routers which may be set up in the area of the system, can be excluded from being considered and such sources are not erroneously provoking a determination that the system is expected to be needed due to the assumed presence of a user. For instance, if the result of the checking is that the source of the radio activity is not a mobile source, the radio activity is not considered.
  • the radio activity may be considered for said determining whether the system or a part thereof is expected to be needed.
  • the checking that a source of the radio activity is a mobile source considers the history and/or
  • the history and/or development of the radio activity comprises the change of one or more parameters of a radio signal over time.
  • a parameter of a radio signal may be the received signal strength (RSS), as a change of the RSS values may indicate a change of the location of the transmitter.
  • RSS received signal strength
  • the source of the radio activity may be considered a mobile source. Otherwise the source of the radio activity may be considered a stationary source, which is not to be considered for a radio activity relevant for determining the expected need of the system.
  • the at least one property comprises a state of activity of the at least radio node and the controlling of at least one property of at least one radio node of the system comprises
  • At least partially activating the at least one radio node if it is determined that the system or a part thereof is expected to be needed.
  • Partially activating or deactivating the at least one radio node may be understood as activating or deactivating certain structures or functionalities of the radio node.
  • the state of activity may in particular refer to the transmitting or broadcasting
  • the radio node may be or be brought in a [partially) activated state (in which the respective radio node is broadcasting) or in a (partially) deactivated state (in which the respective radio node is not broadcasting). While it may be the case that the radio node is deactivated completely, it is preferred that the radio node is only deactivated partially (e.g. brought into a state in which the radio node is not broadcasting but can still receive or listen to signals, e.g. in order to wake up again). In any case, it is preferred, that the at least partial deactivating or activating of the at least one radio node deactivates or activates at least the
  • the controlling of at least one property of at least one radio node of the system comprises identifying at least one subset of multiple radio nodes of the plurality of radio nodes of the system to be controlled and controlling said at least one identified subset. For instance, only the at least one property of the identified subset is then changed accordingly. The at least one property of the other nodes not belonging to the identified subset may not be changed or may be changed differently. For instance the identified subset may represent a part of the system. Different subsets of parts of the system may thus be controlled individually and/or independently from one another.
  • At least one identified subset comprises radio nodes geographically substantially contiguously arranged in the area of the system or a part thereof.
  • geographically substantially contiguously (e.g. neighboring) radio nodes may be some or all radio nodes associated with a hub of the system.
  • geographically substantially contiguously radio nodes may be some or all radio nodes of a floor.
  • geographically substantially contiguously radio nodes may be some or all radio nodes of a contiguous or connected section of the area of the system.
  • the radio nodes for instance may be (partially) deactivated.
  • the identified subset would in that case comprise or consist of the radio nodes of one floor.
  • the radio nodes of the other floors do not need to be activated.
  • At least one identified subset comprises radio nodes geographically substantially discontiguously arranged in the area of the system or a part thereof.
  • an identified subset may comprises or consist of every n-th (n being an integer greater or equal than 2, that is e.g. every second, every third or every fourth, etc.) radio node.
  • the radio nodes of the subset are preferably substantially uniformly distributed in an area of the system or a part thereof.
  • geographically substantially discontiguously arranged radio nodes of the subset are not directly neighboring radio nodes.
  • the identified set of radio nodes to be activated or deactivated is changed (e.g. by cycling through the available radio nodes) after a given time (e.g. every day).
  • the at least one property comprises a broadcasting power of the at least one radio node and the controlling of at least one property of at least one radio node of the system comprises changing the broadcasting power of the at least one radio node based on the result of the determining whether the system or a part thereof is expected to be needed.
  • the broadcasting power of the radio nodes of the respective part of the system i.e. of an identified subset of radio nodes
  • the broadcasting (or transmission) power may for instance be used for a communication link between, e.g. between the radio node and the mobile device.
  • the broadcasting power may for instance be changed to one of a plurality of available discrete broadcasting powers (e.g. by changing a broadcasting power parameter).
  • a broadcasting power may for instance be changed to a certain value in the unit dBm.
  • a broadcasting power may be set to one of a plurality of possible broadcasting powers.
  • there may be six possible broadcasting powers (which may for instance be pre-defined according to e.g. requirements of an indoor positioning system).
  • a broadcasting power may for instance be set to one of the following broadcasting powers: 0 dBm (1 mW transmission power), 5 dBm (approx. 3.2 mW transmission power), 10 dBm (10 mW transmission power), 15 dBm (approx. 31.6 mW transmission power), 20 dBm (100 mW transmission power) or 30 dBm (1000 mW transmission power).
  • the broadcasting power may be decreased form a first (higher) broadcasting power to a second (lower) broadcasting power (but preferably without completely deactivating the
  • the at least one property comprises a broadcasting interval of the at least one radio node and the controlling of at least one property of at least one radio node of the system comprises changing the broadcasting interval of the at least one radio node based on the result of the determining whether the system or a part thereof is expected to be needed. As described, in case it is determined that only a part of the system is expected to be needed or not needed, only the broadcasting interval of the radio nodes of the respective part of the system (i.e. of an identified subset of radio nodes) may be changed.
  • the broadcasting interval may for instance describe how often the radio node broadcasts e.g. an advertising packet that notifies nearby devices (e.g. the mobile device of a respective user) about the existence of the radio nodes.
  • the radio node may (automatically and repetitively) broadcast identifier information and the identifier information may comprise information about the channels used by the radio node, e.g. for broadcasting the advertising packets.
  • the information about the channels used by the radio node may be encoded in the identifier
  • the broadcasting interval may for instance be changed to a certain value in the unit Hz.
  • a broadcasting interval may be set to one of a plurality of possible broadcasting intervals (e.g. by changing a broadcasting interval parameter).
  • a broadcasting interval parameter e.g. by changing a broadcasting interval parameter.
  • there may be six possible broadcasting intervals (which may for instance be pre-defined according to e.g. requirements of an indoor positioning system).
  • the broadcasting interval may for instance be set to one of the following broadcasting intervals: 1 Hz broadcasting interval, 2 Hz broadcasting interval, 3 Hz broadcasting interval, 4 Hz broadcasting interval, 5 Hz broadcasting interval, or 6 Hz broadcasting interval.
  • the controlling of at least one property of at least one radio node of the system comprises decreasing the broadcasting interval of the at least one radio node, if it is determined that the system or a part thereof is not expected to be needed and/or increasing the broadcasting interval of the at least one radio node, if it is determined that the system or a part thereof is expected to be needed.
  • the broadcasting interval may be decreased form a first (higher) broadcasting interval to a second (lower) broadcasting interval (but preferably without completely deactivating the
  • broadcasting interval may be increased form a first (lower) broadcasting interval to a second (higher) broadcasting interval.
  • the at least one property comprises a number of broadcasting channels used by the at least one radio node and the controlling of at least one property of at least one radio node of the system comprises changing the number of broadcasting channels used by the at least one radio node based on the result of the determining whether the system or a part thereof is expected to be needed. As described, in case it is determined that only a part of the system is expected to be needed or not needed, only the number of
  • broadcasting channels of the radio nodes of the respective part of the system may be changed.
  • a broadcasting channel may for instance be used by the radio node for broadcasting advertising packets and/or communicating with another device, e.g. the mobile device.
  • the broadcasting channel may thus be an advertising channel.
  • one broadcasting channel may for instance be used.
  • the number of used broadcasting channels may be set to one of a plurality of possible numbers of broadcasting channels, e.g. one, two or three broadcasting channels.
  • the used broadcasting channel(s) may in particular be set to one of e.g. seven different combinations of possible broadcasting channels (which may for instance be pre-defined, as aforementioned).
  • broadcasting channels 37, 38 and 39 it may be chosen between three different broadcasting channels, exemplarily referred to as broadcasting channels 37, 38 and 39.
  • the used broadcasting channels may for instance be one of the following, wherein the exemplary broadcasting channels 37, 38 and 39 are used in this non-limiting example: broadcasting channel 37, broadcasting channel 38 or broadcasting channel 39 (one channel), broadcasting channels 37 and 38, broadcasting channels 37 and 39 or broadcasting channels 38 and 39 (two channels), or broadcasting channels 37, 38 and 39 (three channels).
  • the controlling of at least one property of at least one radio node of the system comprises decreasing the number of broadcasting channels used by the at least one radio node, if it is determined that the system or a part thereof is not expected to be needed and/or
  • the number of broadcasting channels may be decreased form a first (higher) number of broadcasting channels to a second (lower) number of broadcasting channels (but preferably without completely deactivating the broadcasting).
  • the number of broadcasting channels may be increased form a first (lower) number of broadcasting channels to a second (higher) number of broadcasting channels.
  • the described approaches of at least partially deactivating the at least one radio node, decreasing the broadcasting power or interval of the at least one radio node and/or decreasing the number of broadcasting channels used by the at least one radio node may also be advantageous in other scenarios and independent from a determination whether a system or a part thereof is expected to be needed by one or more users for positioning of a respective mobile device of a respective user. For instance, it may be determined that an energy storage of a radio node is running low (e.g. is below a predefined threshold). In order to ensure or maximize the service continuity, one of the above actions may be taken until the energy storage of the respective radio node is recharged/replace.
  • the method further comprising:
  • a radio map may for instance comprise a radio model (e.g. a radio propagation model or fingerprints, i.e. a combination of a radio measurements and a geo-location) from the surrounding of the respective radio node.
  • a radio map may for instance be generated based at least partially on one or more radio measurements collected (e.g. measured), e.g. automatically or manually (e.g. by surveying the area of the system).
  • the identifier information may be determined at least based on the one or more properties of the respective radio node. This may in particular be the case for a property, which influences the radio map and thus the position determination of the mobile device.
  • a property which influences the radio map and thus the position determination of the mobile device.
  • An example of such a property is the broadcasting power.
  • the determined identifier information may be different from another identifier
  • the identifier information may for instance be determined based on further information and not exclusively based on the at least one property of the radio node.
  • the radio node may broadcast different identifier information depending on the broadcasting properties used by a radio node.
  • the method further comprising: changing, in case at least one property of a radio node of the system is changed by the controlling of the at least one property, identifier information to be broadcast by the radio node of the system, the identifier information allowing the radio node of the system to be identified.
  • the identifier information to be broadcast by the radio node of the system is changed, in case the at least one property of a radio node of the system is changed by the controlling of the at least one property.
  • a radio node may have multiple
  • the system comprises one or more of
  • a gateway hub in communication with the at least one hub; and / or
  • a server in communication with the at least one hub and/or the gateway hub.
  • the described method according to the first aspect may be performed by a single apparatus (e.g. any of the hubs, the gateway hubs or the server). In another example the described method may be performed together by multiple of these apparatuses.
  • a hub may generally work on any of the network layers.
  • a gateway hub may work on any of the network layers. However, it is preferred, when the gateway hub works on a higher network layer than a hub.
  • the server may generally be a virtual server operated in a cloud (e.g. AWS, Azure), or the server can be also be a physical local or remote server.
  • the at least one apparatus performing the method is or comprises at least one of
  • gateway hub a gateway hub
  • Fig. 1 a schematic block diagram of a system 100 according to the different aspects of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 a flowchart 200 showing an example embodiment of a method
  • FIG. 3 a flowchart 300 showing an example embodiment of a method according to the different aspects of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 a flowchart 400 showing an example embodiment of a method
  • Fig. 5 a flowchart 500 showing an example embodiment of a method
  • Fig. 6 a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 600 according to the
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic high-level block diagram of a system 100 according to the exemplary aspects of the present invention.
  • System 100 comprises a server 110, a gateway hub 120, one or more hubs 130, one or more radio nodes 140, at hand embodied as beacons.
  • mobile devices 150 of respective users are present.
  • Such a mobile device may for instance be a smartphone, a tablet, a portable navigation device, an IoT (Internet of Things) device to name but a few non-limiting examples.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • One or more of the aforementioned entities of the system 100 may for instance be comprised (e.g. installed and/or located) in an area of the system, e.g. a venue such as a mall, an office building or a car park.
  • the server 110 may alternatively be embodied as a cloud server (e.g. a plurality of servers connected, e.g. via the Internet and providing services at least partially jointly).
  • the one or more radio nodes 140 may for instance be embodied as one or more IoT devices.
  • the hubs 130 may communicate (via one way or two-way communication) with the radio nodes 140, but the radio nodes may not communicate with each other.
  • the gateway hub 120 may for instance also be optional.
  • the server 110 may be directly connected to the one or more hubs 130 e.g. via the Internet or via a wirebound or wireless communication connection (e.g. according to the Wi-Fi, BT, and/or BLE
  • the hubs 130 may be optional and only a single hub acting as the gateway hub 120 may be provided and comprised by the system 100, being in communication (e.g. Wi-Fi, Cellular) with the radio nodes 140 without the one or more hubs 130.
  • the radio nodes 140 may for instance form a mesh communication network.
  • the radio nodes 140 forming the mesh communication network may in this case communicate (e.g. transmit information) with each other.
  • the communication network is further connected to the server 110, which may for instance be embodied as a monitoring and/or management server for the radio nodes 140. ln another example, the server 110 may for instance be optional. In this case, at least one of the hubs 130 or the gateway hub 120 may for instance provide the
  • the server 110 provides in the other alternative embodiment, e.g. to the one or more radio nodes 140.
  • the radio nodes 140 are able to broadcast signals (e.g. advertising packets) usable for positioning of a respective mobile device 150 of a respective user in an area of the system 100. Further, each radio node 140 of the system 100 may for instance broadcast identifier information, which was provided to each radio node 140, e.g. via at least one of the one or more hubs 130, e.g. by the server 110. All radio nodes 140 associated and communicating with the same hub 130 may be geographically close to each other. Thus, all radio nodes 140 of subset 141 belonging to part A of the system 100 [and here also being associated with the same hub) may be considered
  • radio nodes 140 of subset 142 belonging to part B of the system 100 may be considered geographically substantially contiguously arranged in the area of the system 100.
  • the server 110 [or in alternative embodiments alternatively or additionally the gateway hub 120 and/or the hubs 130) can monitor and/or manage and in particular control the one or more radio nodes 140 of the system 100. For this, the server 110 can determine whether the system 100 [or a part thereof) is expected to be for positioning of a mobile device 150 of a respective user.
  • Examples of realizing the determination of an expected need of the system are a determination based on a time of day and/or date, a determination based on a measurement result of at least one sensor [e.g. motion detector) indicative of the presence of a user and/or mobile device 150 in the area of the system 100, a determination based on a positioning result of a positioning of a respective mobile device 150 of a respective user [wherein the positioning may inter alia be based on signals broadcast by one or more radio nodes 140 of the system 100), a determination based on a monitoring of a radio activity [other than the radio activity due to the signals broadcast by the radio nodes 140 of the system 100) in the area of the system 100.
  • a sensor e.g. motion detector
  • the server 110 can control at least one property of at least one radio node 140 (preferably of all radio nodes 140) of the system 100.
  • the at least one property of a respective radio node 140 are a state of activity of the radio node 140, a broadcasting power of the radio node 140, a broadcasting interval of the radio node 140 or a number of broadcasting channels of the radio node 140.
  • the respective property may be changed (e.g. (partially) activating/deactivating the radio node, increasing/decreasing the broadcasting power of the radio node, increasing/decreasing the broadcasting interval of the radio node, increasing/decreasing the number of broadcasting channels of the radio node).
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart 200 showing an example embodiment of a method according to the different aspects of the present invention.
  • the method of Fig. 2 (and also of Fig. 3 to 5) may for instance be performed by server 110, gateway hub 120 and/or hub 130 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 1 it is determining whether a system (e.g. system 100 of Fig. 1) or a part thereof (e.g. part A, B) is expected to be needed for positioning of a mobile device (e.g. one of the mobile devices 150 of Fig. 1) of a respective user (action 210).
  • a system e.g. system 100 of Fig. 1
  • a part thereof e.g. part A, B
  • a mobile device e.g. one of the mobile devices 150 of Fig. 1
  • At least one subset 141, 142 of multiple radio nodes 140 of the plurality of radio nodes of the system 100 to be controlled is identified (action 220).
  • This may be advantageous, if it can be determined that only a part of the system is or is not expected to be used (e.g. only part A, or only part B of the system in Fig. 1).
  • only the radio nodes 140 associated and communicating with of the specific hub 130 may be identified as a subset 141, 142 of all radio nodes and only those radio nodes would need to be controlled accordingly. Radio nodes 140 of the respective other subset of the system 100 would not need to be controlled.
  • the broadcasting functionality of the respective radio nodes 140 of the identified subset 141, 142 is deactivated (action 230).
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart 300 showing an example embodiment of a method according to the different aspects of the present invention.
  • a system e.g. system 100 of Fig. 1
  • a part thereof e.g. part A, B
  • a mobile device e.g. one of the mobile devices 150 of Fig. 1
  • the broadcasting interval of the respective radio nodes 140 is decreased (action 320).
  • the broadcasting interval of the respective radio nodes 140 is increased (action 330).
  • Fig. 4 is a flowchart 400 showing an example embodiment of a method according to the different aspects of the present invention.
  • a system e.g. system 100 of Fig. 1
  • a part thereof e.g. part A, B
  • a mobile device e.g. one of the mobile devices 150 of Fig. 1
  • the number of broadcasting channels used by the respective radio nodes 140 is decreased (action 420).
  • Fig. 5 is a flowchart 500 showing an example embodiment of a method according to the different aspects of the present invention.
  • a system e.g. system 100 of Fig. 1
  • a part thereof e.g. part A, B
  • a mobile device e.g. one of the mobile devices 150 of Fig. 1
  • the broadcasting power of the respective radio nodes 140 is increased (action 520).
  • the broadcasting power of the respective radio nodes 140 is decreased (action 530).
  • the identifier information to be broadcast by the respective radio node 140 of the system 100 is changed (action 540). Therein, at least a part of the identifier information depends on the set broadcasting power of the respective radio node. Thus, for one and the same radio node 140, there is different identifier information for each of the different possible broadcasting powers.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 600 according to the different aspects of the present invention.
  • Apparatus 600 may as an exemplary embodiment represent server 110, gateway hub 120, hub 130, radio note 140 and/or mobile device 150.
  • Apparatus 600 comprises a processor 610, working memory 620, program memory 630, data memory 640, communication interface(s) 650, an optional user interface 660 and an optional sensor(s) 670.
  • Apparatus 600 may for instance be configured to perform and/or control or comprise respective means (at least one of 610 to 670) for performing and/or controlling the method according to the first aspect.
  • Apparatus 600 may as well constitute an apparatus comprising at least one processor 610 and at least one memory 620 including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause an apparatus, e.g. apparatus 600 at least to perform and/or control the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • Processor 610 may for instance comprise a determination unit as a functional and/or structural unit for determining whether a system (e.g. system 100) or a part thereof is expected to be needed by one or more users for positioning of a respective mobile device (e.g. mobile device 150) of a respective user (see e.g. actions 210, 310, 410, 510 of Fig. 2 to 5).
  • Processor 610 for instance further comprise a control unit as a functional and/or structural unit for controlling at least one property of at least one radio node of the system based on the result of the determining whether the system or a part thereof is expected to be needed (see e.g. actions 230/240, 320/330, 420/430, 520/530 of Fig. 2 to 5).
  • Processor 610 may for instance further control the memories 620 to 640, the communication interface(s) 650, the optional user interface 660 and the optional sensor(s) 670.
  • Processor 610 may for instance execute computer program code stored in program memory 630, which may for instance represent a computer readable storage medium comprising program code that, when executed by processor 610, causes the processor 610 to perform the method according to the first exemplary aspect.
  • Processor 610 may be a processor of any suitable type.
  • Processor 610 may comprise but is not limited to one or more microprocessor(s), one or more processor(s) with accompanying one or more digital signal processor(s), one or more processor(s) without accompanying digital signal processor(s), one or more special-purpose computer chips, one or more field-programmable gate array(s) (FPGA(s)), one or more controller(s), one or more application-specific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)), or one or more computer(s).
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • Processor 610 may for instance be an application processor that runs an operating system.
  • Program memory 630 may also be included into processor 610. This memory may for instance be fixedly connected to processor 610, or be at least partially removable from processor 610, for instance in the form of a memory card or stick. Program memory 630 may for instance be non-volatile memory. It may for instance be a FLASH memory [or a part thereof), any of a ROM, PROM, EPROM and EEPROM memory (or a part thereof) or a hard disc (or a part thereof), to name but a few examples. Program memory 630 may also comprise an operating system for processor 610. Program memory 630 may also comprise a firmware for apparatus 600.
  • Apparatus 600 comprises a working memory 620, for instance in the form of a volatile memory. It may for instance be a Random Access Memory (RAM) or Dynamic RAM (DRAM), to give but a few non-limiting examples. It may for instance be used by processor 610 when executing an operating system and/or computer program.
  • Data memory 640 may for instance be a non-volatile memory. It may for instance be a FLASH memory (or a part thereof), any of a ROM, PROM, EPROM and EEPROM memory (or a part thereof) or a hard disc (or a part thereof), to name but a few examples.
  • Data memory 640 may for instance store parameters for determining whether a system or a part thereof is expected to be needed for positioning purposes (e.g.
  • data memory 640 may for instance store radio maps associated with respective identifier information in order to provide the radio maps and/or to use the radio maps for positioning purposes.
  • Communication interface(s) 650 enable apparatus 600 to communicate with other entities, e.g. with one or more mobile devices 150 of Fig. 1, one or more hubs 130 of Fig. 1, gateway hub 120 of Fig. 1, server 110 of Fig. 1 and/or radio nodes 140 of Fig. 1.
  • the communication interface(s) 650 may for instance comprise a wireless interface, e.g. a cellular radio communication interface and/or a WLAN interface) and/or wire- bound interface, e.g. an IP-based interface, for instance to communicate with entities via the Internet.
  • User interface 660 is optional and may comprise a display for displaying information to a user and/or an input device (e.g. a keyboard, keypad, touchpad, mouse, etc.) for receiving information from a user.
  • an input device e.g. a keyboard, keypad, touchpad, mouse, etc.
  • Sensor(s) 670 are optional and may for instance comprise an accelerometer, a camera, or the like to name but a few non-limiting examples, e.g. to determine further pieces of information, which may for instance be used in a method according to the first exemplary aspect of the present invention.
  • the sensor 670 of apparatus 600 may also be a sensor (e.g. a motion detector) for detecting the presence of a user and/or mobile device in the area of the system or a part thereof.
  • Some or all of the components of the apparatus 600 may for instance be connected via a bus. Some or all of the components of the apparatus 600 may for instance be combined into one or more modules.
  • the radio node in the following simply referred to as beacons
  • transmission for positioning can be driven and controlled in at least the following ways:
  • Time-based control Beacon transmissions are turned off for e.g. night time. In a shopping mall the beacon transmission can be turned off outside of the opening hours, say from 9pm until 9am. This is simple to implement and reduces beacon power consumption to roughly half.
  • Beacon management hubs can be equipped with
  • beacon constellation responsiveness can be made totally dynamic. Whenever there are people, beacon transmission is on, and when there are no users, beacons do not transmit. As also lighting is controlled by movement sensors in intelligent buildings, these sensors could be used as an internal input to the beacon management system, if the hubs do not have their own sensors.
  • the system can be made a closed-loop one so that movements of the positioning service users act as an input for the beacon management system. This scheme requires that at least some beacons are continuously activated so that a rough user position can be deduced at all times. The user locations are sent to the beacon management system, which then makes a decision on which beacons to turn on and off.
  • Beacon management hubs monitoring radio environment Beacon management hubs can often also listen to the generic Bluetooth transmissions from the visitor mobile devices. The presence of non-beacon transmissions is an indication that there are people nearby (assuming they have Bluetooth turned on). This can be used as an input for turning the beacon transmissions on and off. For this purpose, the beacon management hub could also listen to the Wi-Fi transmissions from the visitor mobile devices and use the presence of Wi-Fi transmissions from mobile devices as an input to controlling beacon
  • the hubs can also monitor the profile/history of the RSS (received signal strength) to conclude that the visitor is truly mobile before turning on the beacons.
  • RSS received signal strength
  • Service continuity In case the beacons are running out of battery, the service continuity could be ensured by managing the beacon power consumption into a lower drainage level until the batteries/beacons are replaced. The expected drawback is a decrease in the quality of the positioning service, but this might avoid total service outages.
  • Some options of what actions to take, in particular if it is in particular determined that a system or a part thereof is not expected to be needed include:
  • shut down e.g. half of the beacons during low-usage times.
  • the important thing here is to change the set of shut down beacons e.g. every day to drain the batteries equally.
  • radio node lifetime can significantly be lengthened. While some additional complexity may be added to the system, the additional complexity is negligible (e.g. if for example the whole constellation is shut down based on time-of- day). ln the present specification, any presented connection in the described embodiments is to be understood in a way that the involved components are operationally coupled. Thus, the connections can be direct or indirect with any number or combination of intervening elements, and there may be merely a functional relationship between the components.
  • any of the methods, processes and actions described or illustrated herein may be implemented using executable instructions in a general-purpose or special- purpose processor and stored on a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., disk, memory, or the like) to be executed by such a processor.
  • a computer-readable storage medium e.g., disk, memory, or the like
  • References to a 'computer- readable storage medium' should be understood to encompass specialized circuits such as FPGAs, ASICs, signal processing devices, and other devices.
  • a and/or B is considered to comprise any one of the following three scenarios: (i) A, (ii) B, (iii) A and B.
  • article “a” is not to be understood as“one”, i.e. use of the expression “an element” does not preclude that also further elements are present.
  • the term “comprising” is to be understood in an open sense, i.e. in a way that an object that "comprises an element A” may also comprise further elements in addition to element A.
  • the statement of a feature comprises at least one of the subsequently enumerated features is not mandatory in the way that the feature comprises all subsequently enumerated features, or at least one feature of the plurality of the subsequently enumerated features. Also, a selection of the enumerated features in any combination or a selection of only one of the enumerated features is possible. The specific combination of all subsequently enumerated features may as well be considered. Also, a plurality of only one of the enumerated features may be possible.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé mis en œuvre par au moins un appareil, le procédé consistant à : déterminer si un système, ou une partie de celui-ci, est supposé être nécessaire pour le positionnement d'un dispositif mobile d'un utilisateur respectif, le système comprenant au moins un concentrateur et une pluralité de nœuds radio en communication avec au moins l'un desdits concentrateurs, les nœuds radio étant aptes à diffuser des signaux utilisables pour le positionnement d'un dispositif mobile respectif d'un utilisateur respectif dans une zone du système et régler au moins une propriété d'au moins un nœud radio du système en fonction du résultat de la détermination selon laquelle le système, ou une partie de celui-ci, est supposé être nécessaire ou non. L'invention concerne également un appareil, un système, un code de programme informatique et un support d'enregistrement lisible par ordinateur.
PCT/EP2017/081830 2017-12-07 2017-12-07 Réglage de nœuds radio d'un système de nœuds radio en fonction des besoins attendus WO2019110104A1 (fr)

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EP17822185.9A EP3824308A1 (fr) 2017-12-07 2017-12-07 Réglage de noeuds radio d'un système de noeuds radio en fonction des besoins attendus
PCT/EP2017/081830 WO2019110104A1 (fr) 2017-12-07 2017-12-07 Réglage de nœuds radio d'un système de nœuds radio en fonction des besoins attendus

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