WO2019104793A1 - 一种微损耗组合机械式直流断路器及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种微损耗组合机械式直流断路器及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019104793A1
WO2019104793A1 PCT/CN2017/118163 CN2017118163W WO2019104793A1 WO 2019104793 A1 WO2019104793 A1 WO 2019104793A1 CN 2017118163 W CN2017118163 W CN 2017118163W WO 2019104793 A1 WO2019104793 A1 WO 2019104793A1
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Prior art keywords
branch
circuit breaker
arm
switch
current
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PCT/CN2017/118163
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
温伟杰
李斌
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天津大学
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Priority claimed from CN201711237507.9A external-priority patent/CN107947132B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201711237488.XA external-priority patent/CN107947131B/zh
Application filed by 天津大学 filed Critical 天津大学
Publication of WO2019104793A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019104793A1/zh
Priority to US16/573,750 priority Critical patent/US11038338B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/547—Combinations of mechanical switches and static switches, the latter being controlled by the former
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/543—Contacts shunted by static switch means third parallel branch comprising an energy absorber, e.g. MOV, PTC, Zener
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power equipment technologies, and in particular, to a micro loss combined mechanical DC circuit breaker having a reclosing function and a control method thereof.
  • DC DC breakers are needed in the DC grid to quickly isolate DC-side faults, thus ensuring reliable operation of normal converter stations and circuits.
  • FIG. 1 A typical mechanical DC circuit breaker topology is shown in Figures 1 and 2, wherein the mechanical DC circuit breaker includes a through branch, a commutation branch, and an energy absorption branch.
  • the normal load current is turned on by the through-flow branch, and the circuit breaker works in a low-loss state; once the fault is detected, the short-circuit current needs to be transferred from the through-flow branch to the commutating branch, thereby establishing a voltage across the circuit breaker, followed by When the arrester operates, the short-circuit current is further transferred to the arrester, and the short-circuit current is gradually decreased, thereby achieving current breaking.
  • the mechanical DC circuit breaker shown in Figure 1 is an active oscillating DC circuit breaker.
  • the commutation principle is to precharge the high voltage capacitor in the commutating branch and then conduct the high pressure air ball gap in the commutating branch. So that the short-circuit current is transferred from the through-flow branch to the commutation branch.
  • the highest voltage value on the high voltage capacitor in Figure 1 is about 1.5 times the system voltage. The voltage is very high. If the high voltage capacitor uses an independent charging system, the volume and cost of the independent charging system are too high. the way. For the online power-on system, if the DC bus is out of voltage, the voltage value on the high-voltage capacitor of the circuit breaker is uncertain, which leads to the reliability of the circuit breaker.
  • the arc-extinguishing capability is weak in Figure 1.
  • the high-pressure air ball gap has a long arcing time, a short life, and the arc-extinguishing ability is affected by many factors, so its working state is uncontrollable and uncertain.
  • Figure 2 uses a commutation method based on the transformer coupling principle. With the increase of the rated voltage and rated breaking current of the DC circuit breaker, the voltage on the primary side capacitor and the withstand voltage of the primary side fast-on switch in Figure 2 are continuously improved; otherwise, the mechanical DC circuit breaker cannot be realized. Fast reclosing.
  • the conventional mechanical DC circuit breaker shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 can only break the fault current on one line. If the traditional mechanical DC circuit breaker is applied to the DC grid, the number of DC breakers installed on each DC bus is The number of external lines of the DC bus is the same. In other words, the number of DC breakers to be configured in the DC grid is huge, and the cost of the DC breaker is expensive, which in turn causes a significant increase in the construction cost of the DC grid.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a DC circuit breaker capable of reducing the construction and operation cost of a DC power grid, and to provide a method for fault isolation and recovery thereof.
  • the invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
  • a micro-loss combined mechanical DC circuit breaker comprising n terminals, n through-flow branches and 1 commutating branch; wherein n through-flow branches are connected in parallel with one commutating branch, each pass
  • the flow branch is divided into an upper arm and a lower arm by a connection point; each terminal is electrically connected with a connection point of a through branch; the upper arm of each through branch includes an auxiliary machine a switch, the lower arm includes an isolating switch and a semiconductor switch assembly connected in series;
  • the commutating branch includes a main mechanical switch, a high voltage arm capacitor and a low voltage arm capacitor in series; the high voltage arm capacitor and The high voltage resistor and the lightning arrester are connected in parallel, and the high voltage arm capacitor does not need to be precharged; the low voltage arm capacitor is precharged with a certain voltage, and the low voltage end of the low voltage arm capacitor is directly connected with the high voltage arm capacitor; the low voltage arm capacitor is connected in parallel with the diode, and the low voltage arm capacitor The
  • the isolating switch of the DC circuit breaker is driven by a fast operating mechanism.
  • the auxiliary mechanical switch is driven by a quick operating mechanism, and the energy stored by the operating mechanism can ensure that the auxiliary mechanical switch continuously performs the opening-closing operation during the fault current breaking and reclosing, and the opening time is millisecond.
  • the main mechanical switch of the DC circuit breaker is driven by a fast operating mechanism, and the energy stored by the operating mechanism can ensure that the main mechanical switch continuously performs the opening-closing-closing operation during the fault current breaking and reclosing process. Its opening time is in the order of milliseconds.
  • the auxiliary mechanical switch of the bridge arm of the n flow-passing branches When the circuit breaker is in normal operation, the auxiliary mechanical switch of the bridge arm of the n flow-passing branches is in a closed state; the isolating switch of the lower arm of the n flow-passing branches is in a closed state; The semiconductor switch assembly of the lower arm of the flow branch is in an off state; the main mechanical switch in the commutating branch is in a closed state; the normal load current flows into or out of the upper arm of the n through branch At this time, the current is turned on by the auxiliary mechanical switch, and the DC circuit breaker is operated in the micro loss state.
  • the fault isolation method implemented by the DC circuit breaker is as follows: when an external fault of a certain terminal is detected, an auxiliary mechanical switch of the bridge arm of the through-flow branch connected to the faulty terminal is sent a trip command, and the wiring is properly provided.
  • the isolating switch in the lower arm of the end-connected through-pass branch sends the opening command, the auxiliary mechanical switch of the opening starts to arc, and the isolating switch of the opening does not burn the arc; waiting for the auxiliary mechanical switch and the isolating switch to reach a certain opening distance,
  • the semiconductor switch assembly of the lower arm of the through-branch branch connected to the faulty terminal sends a conduction command and sends a trip command to the main mechanical switch in the commutating branch, and the negative voltage driving current on the low-voltage arm capacitor of the commutating branch
  • the bridge arm of the through-flow branch connected by the faulty terminal is transferred to the branch of the lower branch of the through-branch branch connected to the commutating branch and
  • the fault current is interrupted and waits for a certain fault to travel.
  • the main mechanical switch of the commutating branch is closed and the semiconductor switch assembly of the lower arm of the through-branch connected to the faulty terminal is turned on, and the oscillation is detected again. After the current, it is necessary to open the main mechanical switch connected to the faulty terminal again, and the main mechanical switch realizes the breaking of the oscillating current; at the same time, the bypass arm of the through-branch branch connecting the healthy terminal is closed;
  • the DC circuit breaker is in a micro-loss state during normal operation, and generates almost no running cost; a DC circuit breaker in the present invention can realize the breaking and isolation of the fault current of all the external lines on one bus line, thereby reducing the The construction cost of the DC circuit breaker in the DC grid; the DC circuit breaker of the present invention can realize the rapid reclosing without premature current overcurrent, and provides strong technical support for the development of the overhead line DC grid.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an active oscillation type mechanical DC circuit breaker
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a mechanical DC circuit breaker based on a commutation drive circuit
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a specific embodiment of a micro-loss combined mechanical DC circuit breaker having a reclosing function according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a micro loss combined mechanical DC circuit breaker with a reclosing function according to the present invention.
  • the micro-loss combined mechanical DC circuit breaker 300 with reclosing function includes: n terminals (Node_1, Node_2, Node_n), n flow branches (through-flow branch 1, through-flow branch) Road 2, through-flow branch n), 1 commutating branch; wherein the through-flow branch 1, the through-flow branch 2, the through-flow branch n and the commutating branch are connected in parallel; each of the through-flow branches is connected The point (Midpoint_1, Midpoint_2, Midpoint) n) is divided into an upper arm and a lower arm; each terminal (Node_1, Node_2, Node_n) passes through a connection point of a through branch (Midpoint_1, Midpoint_2, Midpoint) electrical connection.
  • each through-flow branch (through-flow branch 1, through-flow branch 2, through-flow branch n)
  • the upper arm is composed of auxiliary mechanical switches (CB_1, CB_2, CB_n).
  • each auxiliary mechanical switch (CB_1, CB_2, CB_n) is driven by a fast operating mechanism, and the operating mechanism stores The energy can ensure that the auxiliary mechanical switch continuously performs the opening-closing operation during the fault current breaking and reclosing, and the opening time is millisecond.
  • each through-flow branch (through-flow branch 1, through-flow branch 2, through-flow branch n)
  • the lower arm is formed by connecting one isolating switch (K_1, K_2, K_n) and one semiconductor switching component (T_1, T_2, T_n) in series.
  • each of the isolating switches (K_1, K_2, K_n) is driven by a fast operating mechanism, and the opening time is millisecond. .
  • the on-time of each semiconductor switch component is in the order of microseconds, for example, a thyristor can be used. Anti-parallel with the diode.
  • the commutating branch routes a main mechanical switch, a high voltage arm capacitor C1 and a low voltage arm capacitor C2 in series. to make.
  • the main mechanical switch (Main_CB) is driven by the rapid operating mechanism, and the energy stored in the operating mechanism ensures that the main mechanical switch continuously performs the opening-closing-opening operation during the fault current breaking and reclosing, and the opening is opened.
  • the time is in milliseconds.
  • the high voltage arm capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the high voltage resistor R and the arrester MOV, and the high voltage arm capacitor C1 does not need to be precharged.
  • the low-voltage arm capacitor C2 is pre-charged to a certain voltage, and the low-voltage end of the low-voltage arm capacitor C2 is directly connected to the high-voltage arm capacitor C2.
  • the low voltage arm capacitor C2 is connected in parallel with the diode D.
  • the low voltage end of the low voltage arm capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the anode of the diode D, and the high voltage end of the low voltage arm capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode D.
  • the auxiliary mechanical switches (CB_1, CB_2, CB_n) of the bridge legs connected to the respective terminals (Node_1, Node_2, Node_n) are in a closed state;
  • the isolating switches (K_1, K_2, K_n) of each lower arm are in a closed state;
  • the semiconductor switch components (T_1, T_2, T_n) of the lower arm of each through-flow branch are in an off state;
  • the switch (Main_CB) is in the closed state;
  • the normal load current flows from the terminals (Node_1, Node_2, Node_n) through the auxiliary mechanical switches (CB_1, CB_2, CB_n) of the bridge legs of each flow branch, and the DC circuit breaker operates.
  • the state of micro loss In the state of micro loss.
  • the auxiliary mechanical switch CB_1 of the upper arm of the through-current branch 1 connected to the Node_1 is issued with a trip command, and the wiring is properly provided.
  • the bypass switch 2 (B_2, K_n) connected to the end (Node_2, Node_n) and the disconnect switch (K_2, K_n) of the lower arm of the flow branch send a command to open, and the auxiliary mechanical switch CB_1 starts to arc, while the isolating switches K_2 and K_n are incombustible.
  • the isolating switches K_2 and K_n After waiting for the auxiliary mechanical switch CB_1, the isolating switches K_2 and K_n to reach a certain opening distance, the semiconductor switch component T_1 of the lower arm of the through-current branch 1 connected to the faulty terminal Node_1 is turned on, and the commutating branch is given to the main
  • the mechanical switch Main_CB sends a trip command, the negative voltage drive current on the low voltage arm capacitor C2 of the commutating branch is transferred from the upper arm of the through branch 1 to the branch of the commutating branch and the lower branch of the through branch 1
  • Main_CB is arcing; the fault current continuously charges the high voltage arm capacitor C1 in the commutating branch to increase the voltage across it, and then the arrester MOV acts, and the fault current is transferred from the high voltage arm capacitor C1 to the arrester MOV, fault current Gradually falling; when lightning protection After the energy absorbing MOV system, the current is transferred again back to the high-voltage
  • the invention can design the number of terminals of the combined DC circuit breaker according to the number of external lines of the DC bus, and ensure that one DC bus only needs to follow one DC circuit breaker, thereby greatly reducing the DC circuit breaker in the DC power grid. Quantity, volume and cost.
  • the normal load current is turned on by the mechanical switch, and the DC circuit breaker is operated in the micro-loss state, and the running cost is hardly generated.
  • the invention can realize the reclosing function without causing current impact, and provides strong technical support for the development of the overhead line DC grid.

Abstract

一种微损耗组合机械式直流断路器及其控制方法，所采用的断路器包括n个接线端、n条通流支路、1条换流支路；其中n条通流支路与1条换流支路并联，每条通流支路以连接点为界，分为上桥臂和下桥臂；每个接线端与一条通流支路的连接点电气连接；每条通流支路的上桥臂包括1个辅助机械开关，下桥臂包括相互串联的1个隔离开关和1个半导体开关组件；换流支路包括1个主机械开关、1个高压臂电容和1个低压臂电容串联，其控制方法包括正常运行时运行在微损耗状态、故障电流的开断，永久性故障快速重合闸和临时性故障速重合闸；本方案的一台直流断路器可实现一条母线上所有外接线路故障电流的开断与隔离，进而降低了直流电网中直流断路器的建设成本；直流断路器可在不引起电流过冲的前提下实现快速重合闸，为架空线型直流电网的发展提供了坚强的技术支持。

Description

一种微损耗组合机械式直流断路器及其控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电力设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种具有重合闸功能的微损耗组合机械式直流断路器及其控制方法。
背景技术
直流电网中亟需直流断路器能够快速隔离直流侧故障，从而保证正常换流站及线路的可靠工作。
目前，直流断路器的主流技术路线分为混合式直流断路器和机械式直流断路器，其中机械式直流断路器具有成本低和运行损耗低的优点，然而却存在无法实现快速重合闸的缺点。典型的机械式直流断路器拓扑结构如图1和图2所示，其中机械式直流断路器包含通流支路、换流支路和吸能支路。正常负荷电流由通流支路导通，断路器工作在低损耗状态；一旦检测到故障，短路电流需由通流支路转移至换流支路，从而在断路器两端建立电压，紧接着避雷器动作，短路电流被进一步转移至避雷器，短路电流逐渐下降，从而实现电流开断。
图1所示机械式直流断路器为有源振荡型直流断路器，其换流原理是给换流支路中的高压电容预充电，然后通过控制换流支路中的高压空气球隙导通，使短路电流由通流支路转移至换流支路。图1中高压电容上的最高电压值约为系统电压的1.5倍，该电压很高，若高压电容采用独立的充电系统，独立充电系统的体积和成本过高，因而目前普遍采用了在线取电方式。对于在线取电系统，若直流母线失压，断路器高压电容上的电压值不确定进而导致断路器可靠性的降低；另外为了实现双向电流开断，图1中采用了熄弧能力较弱的高压空气球隙，其燃弧时间长、寿命较短、熄弧能力受众多因素影响，因而其工作状态存在不可控性和不确定性。
为了避免高压电容在线取电和高压空气球隙所带来的问题，图2采用了一种基于变压器耦合原理的换流方式。随着直流断路器额定电压和额定开断电流的升高，图2中原边电容上的电压和原边快速导通开关的耐压通流水平不断提高；另外这种机械式直流断路器无法实现快速重合闸。
图1与图2所示传统机械式直流断路器仅能开断一条线路上的故障电流，若应用传统机械式直流断路器于直流电网，则每条直流母线上所安装的直流断路器台数与直流母线外接线路数相同。换言之，直流电网中需配置的直流断路器台数巨大，而直流断路器造价昂贵，进而造成直流电网建设成本的大幅增加。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的上述不足，提供一种可以降低直流电网建设和运行成本的直流断路器，同时给出其故障隔离与恢复方法。本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种微损耗组合机械式直流断路器，包括n个接线端、n条通流支路、1条换流支路；其中n条通流支路与1条换流支路并联，每条通流支路以连接点为界，分为上桥臂和下桥臂；每个接线端与一条通流支路的连接点电气连接；每条通流支路的上桥臂包括1个辅助机械开关，下桥臂包括1个隔离开关和1个半导体开关组件串联；所述换流支路包括1个主机械开 关、1个高压臂电容和1个低压臂电容串联；所述高压臂电容与高压电阻和避雷器并联，高压臂电容不需预充电；所述低压臂电容预充一定电压，低压臂电容的低压端直接与高压臂电容电气连接；所述低压臂电容与二极管并联，低压臂电容的低压端与二极管的阳极电气连接，低压臂电容的高压端与二极管的阴极电气连接。
优选地，所述的直流断路器的隔离开关由快速操动机构驱动。所述辅助机械开关由快速操动机构驱动，其操动机构储存的能量可保证辅助机械开关在故障电流开断和重合闸过程中连续进行分闸-合闸操作，其分闸时间为毫秒级。所述的直流断路器的主机械开关由快速操动机构驱动，其操动机构储存的能量可保证主机械开关在故障电流开断和重合闸过程中连续进行分闸-合闸-分闸操作，其分闸时间为毫秒级。此种断路器正常运行时，所述n条通流支路上桥臂的辅助机械开关处于合闸状态；所述n条通流支路下桥臂的隔离开关处于合闸状态；所述n条通流支路下桥臂的半导体开关组件处于关断状态；所述换流支路中的主机械开关处于合闸状态；正常负荷电流在n个通流支路的上桥臂中流入或流出，此时电流由辅助机械开关导通，直流断路器运行在微损耗状态。
采用所述的直流断路器实现的故障隔离方法如下：当检测到某个接线端外部故障时，给故障接线端连接的通流支路上桥臂的辅助机械开关发分闸命令，同时给健全接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂中的隔离开关发分闸命令，分闸的辅助机械开关开始燃弧，分闸的隔离开关不燃弧；等待辅助机械开关和隔离开关达到一定开距后，给故障接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂的半导体开关组件发导通命令并给换流支路中的主机械开关发分闸命令，换流支路低压臂电容上的负电压驱动电流由故障接线端连接的通流支路上桥臂转移至换流支路和故障接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂串联的支路中；故障电流不断给换流支路中的高压臂电容充电而使其两端电压升高，接着避雷器动作，故障电流由高压臂电容转移至避雷器，故障电流逐渐下降；当避雷器将系统能量吸收完后，电流再次转移回高压臂电容，形成振荡的残余电流，最终由换流支路的主机械开关在残余电流的过零点开断残余电流而实现故障电流的开断。
采用所述的直流断路器实现的恢复方法如下：
对于永久性故障，故障电流开断后等待一定故障去游历时间，合闸换流支路的主机械开关并导通故障接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂的半导体开关组件，再次检测到振荡电流后，需再次分闸故障接线端连接的主机械开关，由主机械开关实现振荡电流的开断；同时合闸健全接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂隔离开关；
对于临时性故障，故障电流开断后等待一定故障去游历时间，合闸换流支路的主机械开关并导通故障接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂的半导体开关组件，未检测到振荡电流，合闸故障接线端连接的通流支路上桥臂的辅助机械开关，并合闸健全接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂隔离开关。
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案所带来的有益效果是：
本发明中直流断路器在正常运行时，处于微损耗状态，几乎不产生运行成本；本发明中的一台直流断路器可实现一条母线上所有外接线路故障电流的开断与隔离，进而降低了直流电网中直流断路器的建设成本；本发明中的直流断路器可在不引起电流过冲的前提下实现快速重合闸，为架空线型直流电网的发展提供了坚强的技术支持。
附图说明
图1示出有源振荡型机械式直流断路器的结构示意图；
图2示出基于换流驱动电路的机械式直流断路器的结构示意图；
图3示出本发明具有重合闸功能的微损耗组合机械式直流断路器的一个具体实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图对本发明进行更全面的描述，其中说明本发明的示例性实施例。
图3示出本发明提供的一种具有重合闸功能的微损耗组合机械式直流断路器的结构示意图。如图3所示，具有重合闸功能的微损耗组合机械式直流断路器300包括：n个接线端(Node_1,Node_2,Node_n)，n条通流支路(通流支路1、通流支路2、通流支路n)，1条换流支路；其中通流支路1、通流支路2、通流支路n与换流支路并联；每条通流支路以连接点(Midpoint_1,Midpoint_2,Midpoint)n)为界，可分为上桥臂和下桥臂；每个接线端(Node_1,Node_2,Node_n)分别经过一条通流支路的连接点(Midpoint_1,Midpoint_2,Midpoint)电气连接。
本发明提供的一种具有重合闸功能的微损耗组合机械式直流断路器的一个具体实施例中，各通流支路(通流支路1、通流支路2、通流支路n)的上桥臂由辅助机械开关(CB_1,CB_2,CB_n)构成。
本发明提供的一种具有重合闸功能的微损耗组合机械式直流断路器的一个具体实施例中，各辅助机械开关(CB_1,CB_2,CB_n)由快速操动机构驱动，其操动机构储存的能量可保证辅助机械开关在故障电流开断和重合闸过程中连续进行分闸-合闸操作，其分闸时间为毫秒级。
本发明提供的一种具有重合闸功能的微损耗组合机械式直流断路器的一个具体实施例中，各通流支路(通流支路1、通流支路2、通流支路n)的下桥臂分别由1个隔离开关(K_1,K_2,K_n)和1个半导体开关组件(T_1,T_2,T_n)串联而成。
本发明提供的一种具有重合闸功能的微损耗组合机械式直流断路器的一个具体实施例中，各隔离开关(K_1,K_2,K_n)由快速操动机构驱动，其分闸时间为毫秒级。
本发明提供的一种具有重合闸功能的微损耗组合机械式直流断路器的一个具体实施例中，各半导体开关组件(T_1,T_2,T_n)的导通时间为微秒级，例如可采用晶闸管与二极管反并联。
本发明提供的一种具有重合闸功能的微损耗组合机械式直流断路器的一个具体实施例中，换流支路由一个主机械开关、1个高压臂电容C1和1个低压臂电容C2串联而成。主机械开关(Main_CB)由快速操动机构驱动，其操动机构储存的能量可保证主机械开关在故障电流开断和重合闸过程中连续进行分闸-合闸-分闸操作，其分闸时间为毫秒级。高压臂电容C1与高压电阻R和避雷器MOV并联，高压臂电容C1不需预充电。低压臂电容C2预充 一定电压，低压臂电容C2的低压端直接与高压臂电容C2电气连接。低压臂电容C2与二极管D并联，低压臂电容C1的低压端与二极管D的阳极电气连接，低压臂电容C1的高压端与二极管D的阴极电气连接。
具体的，本发明的控制方法，导通正常负荷电流时，各接线端(Node_1,Node_2,Node_n)连接的通流支路上桥臂的辅助机械开关(CB_1,CB_2,CB_n)处于合闸状态；各下桥臂的隔离开关(K_1,K_2,K_n)处于合闸状态；各通流支路下桥臂的半导体开关组件(T_1,T_2,T_n)处于关断状态；换流支路的主机械开关(Main_CB)处于合闸状态；正常负荷电流由个接线端(Node_1,Node_2,Node_n)经各通流支路上桥臂的辅助机械开关(CB_1,CB_2,CB_n)流入或流出，直流断路器运行在微损耗状态。
实现故障电流的开断时，检测到某个接线端外部故障，以Node_1外部故障为例，给Node_1连接的通流支路1上桥臂的辅助机械开关CB_1发分闸命令，同时给健全接线端(Node_2,Node_n)连接的通流支路2和通流支路n下桥臂的隔离开关(K_2,K_n)发分闸命令，辅助机械开关CB_1开始燃弧，而隔离开关K_2和K_n不燃弧；等待辅助机械开关CB_1、隔离开关K_2和K_n达到一定开距后，给故障接线端Node_1连接的通流支路1下桥臂的半导体开关组件T_1发导通命令，给换流支路主机械开关Main_CB发分闸命令，换流支路低压臂电容C2上的负电压驱动电流由通流支路1上桥臂转移至换流支路和通流支路1下桥臂串联的支路中；同时Main_CB燃弧；故障电流不断给换流支路中的高压臂电容C1充电而使其两端电压升高，接着避雷器MOV动作，故障电流由高压臂电容C1转移至避雷器MOV，故障电流逐渐下降；当避雷器MOV将系统能量吸收完后，电流再次转移回高压臂电容C1，形成振荡的残余电流，最终由主机械开关Main_CB在残余电流的过零点开断残余电流而实现故障电流的开断；
实现快速重合闸时，分两种情况。对于永久性故障，故障电流开断后等待一定故障去游历时间，合闸换流支路中的主机械开关Main_CB并导通故障接线端Node_1连接的通流支路1下桥臂的半导体开关组件T_1，再次检测到振荡电流后，需再次分闸换流支路的主机械开关Main_CB，由主机械开关Main_CB实现振荡电流的开断；同时合闸健全接线端连接的通流支路2和通流支路n下桥臂隔离开关T_2和T_n。需注意，根据通过合理设计C1，可控制重合于永久性故障所产生的振荡电流小于额定电流，而使直流电网中的换流阀及设备免受二次电流冲击。
对于临时性故障，故障电流开断后等待一定故障去游历时间，合闸换流支路的主机械开关Main_CB并导通故障接线端Node_1连接的通流支路1下桥臂的半导体开关组件T_1，未检测到振荡电流，合闸故障接线端Node_1连接的通流支路上桥臂的辅助机械开关CB_1，并合闸健全接线端连接的通流支路2和通流支路n下桥臂隔离开关T_2和T_n。
参考前述本发明示例性的描述，本领域技术人员应该可以清楚的知晓本发明具有以下优点：
1.本发明提能够根据直流母线的外接线路数量差异化设计组合式直流断路器的接线端 数量，保证1条直流母线只需按照1台直流断路器，从而大幅降低了直流电网中直流断路器的数量、体积和成本。
2.本发明在正常运行时，正常负荷电流由机械开关导通，直流断路器运行在微损耗状态，几乎不产生运行成本。
3.本发明可在不引起电流冲击的情况下，实现重合闸功能，为架空线型直流电网的发展提供了坚强的技术支持。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种微损耗组合机械式直流断路器，包括n个接线端、n条通流支路、1条换流支路；其中n条通流支路与1条换流支路并联，每条通流支路以连接点为界，分为上桥臂和下桥臂；每个接线端与一条通流支路的连接点电气连接；每条通流支路的上桥臂包括1个辅助机械开关，下桥臂包括1个隔离开关和1个半导体开关组件串联；所述换流支路包括1个主机械开关、1个高压臂电容和1个低压臂电容串联；所述高压臂电容与高压电阻和避雷器并联，高压臂电容不需预充电；所述低压臂电容预充一定电压，低压臂电容的低压端直接与高压臂电容电气连接；所述低压臂电容与二极管并联，低压臂电容的低压端与二极管的阳极电气连接，低压臂电容的高压端与二极管的阴极电气连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的直流断路器，其特征在于，所述隔离开关由快速操动机构驱动，其分闸时间为毫秒级。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的直流断路器，其特征在于，所述辅助机械开关由快速操动机构驱动，其操动机构储存的能量可保证辅助机械开关在故障电流开断和重合闸过程中连续进行分闸-合闸操作，其分闸时间为毫秒级。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的直流断路器，其特征在于，所述主机械开关由快速操动机构驱动，其操动机构储存的能量可保证主机械开关在故障电流开断和重合闸过程中连续进行分闸-合闸-分闸操作，其分闸时间为毫秒级。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的直流断路器，其特征在于，此种断路器正常运行时，所述n条通流支路上桥臂的辅助机械开关处于合闸状态；所述n条通流支路下桥臂的隔离开关处于合闸状态；所述n条通流支路下桥臂的半导体开关组件处于关断状态；所述换流支路中的主机械开关处于合闸状态；正常负荷电流在n个通流支路的上桥臂中流入或流出，此时电流由辅助机械开关导通，直流断路器运行在微损耗状态。
  6. 采用权利要求1所述的直流断路器实现的故障隔离方法如下：当检测到某个接线端外部故障时，给故障接线端连接的通流支路上桥臂的辅助机械开关发分闸命令，同时给健全接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂中的隔离开关发分闸命令，分闸的辅助机械开关开始燃弧，分闸的隔离开关不燃弧；等待辅助机械开关和隔离开关达到一定开距后，给故障接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂的半导体开关组件发导通命令并给换流支路中的主机械开关发分闸命令，换流支路低 压臂电容上的负电压驱动电流由故障接线端连接的通流支路上桥臂转移至换流支路和故障接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂串联的支路中；故障电流不断给换流支路中的高压臂电容充电而使其两端电压升高，接着避雷器动作，故障电流由高压臂电容转移至避雷器，故障电流逐渐下降；当避雷器将系统能量吸收完后，电流再次转移回高压臂电容，形成振荡的残余电流，最终由换流支路的主机械开关在残余电流的过零点开断残余电流而实现故障电流的开断。
  7. 采用权利要求1所述的直流断路器实现的恢复方法如下：
    对于永久性故障，故障电流开断后等待一定故障去游历时间，合闸换流支路的主机械开关并导通故障接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂的半导体开关组件，再次检测到振荡电流后，需再次分闸故障接线端连接的主机械开关，由主机械开关实现振荡电流的开断；同时合闸健全接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂隔离开关；
    对于临时性故障，故障电流开断后等待一定故障去游历时间，合闸换流支路的主机械开关并导通故障接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂的半导体开关组件，未检测到振荡电流，合闸故障接线端连接的通流支路上桥臂的辅助机械开关，并合闸健全接线端连接的通流支路下桥臂隔离开关。
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