WO2019102267A4 - Engine or turbine with virtual pistons - Google Patents

Abstract

Engine or turbine with virtual pistons. The present invention relates to a new thermal engine paradigm, based on an unprecedented operating principle that is a hybrid between turbine operation, a piston engine operation, an electric motor operation. Made up of very few mechanical parts like an electric motor (circular rotor, stator, lids), is configurable through electrical and electronic controls that are used to determine both the ignition advance and the detonation position with respect to the position of the part that work like a piston. In this way, operation similar to the pistons engine (with virtual or equivalent pistons) or a similar behavior to the turbine is obtained. Compression is achieved by manipulating the relative gravity to which the mixtures are subjected, through centrifugal accelerations and other correlated phenomena.

Claims

1

AMENDED CLAIMS

received by the International Bureau on 19 July 2019 (19.07.19)

Claim 1

5An internal combustion heat engine, comprising at least: an upper closure cover (1 FIG.1 , 1 FIG.2, 8 FIG.5), a stator (3 FIG.1 , 3 FIG.2 , FIG.3) with an exclusively cylindrical internal shape, a lower closing cover (4 FIG.1 , 4 FIG.2), a series of fasteners such as nuts and bolts (5 FIG.1 , 5 FIG.2) which connect the stator between the covers and contain the rotor with axis, a passing axis (6 FIG.1 , 6 FIG.2) which passes through the lOsystem and is solidly connected to the center of the rotor, and is connected to the upper and lower covers by means of bearings and / or bushings that allow the rotor to rotate inside the stator and to the axis of transmitting the motion of the rotor to the outside of the motor, a mixture inlet hole (7 FIG.1 , 7 FIG.2 , 10 FIG.5) close to the center and to the rotation axis, which receives as input the comburent and combustible mixtures with l5the stoichiometric ratio suitable for the operation of the engine, supplied with a pressure higher than the ambient pressure, a rotor (2 FIG.2 , 1 FIG.4 , 1 FIG.5) capable of rotating, within the stator and the covers, of a predominantly cylindrical shape, a series of holes and recesses made both on the stator (3 FIG.1 , 3 FIG.2 , FIG.3) and on the rotor (2 FIG.2 , 1 FIG.4 , 1 FIG.5), said recesses made between the stator and the rotor 20are able to operate in a complementary manner , when they are communicating and facing each other; on the stator (3 FIG.1 , 3 FIG.2 , FIG.3) there are the recesses (2 FIG.3) dedicated to loading and pre-compression, the recesses (3 FIG.3) dedicated to compression and detonation, the recesses (4 FIG.3) dedicated to the expansion (in the example repeated each 4 times every 90 degrees), the recesses with hole (8 FIG.1 , 8 25FIG.2, 7 FIG.3) dedicated to the discharge of burnt mixtures; on said rotor (2 FIG.2 , 1 FIG.4 , 1 FIG.5) the recesses (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) are made (in the figures they are in four symmetrical positions every 90 degrees) dedicated to the loading of the mixtures and to the pre-compression, as well as to the expansion in the following phase, the inclined surfaces (12 FIG.4 , 12 FIG.5) (always 4 every 90 degrees), which facilitate the passage 30of the mixtures from the recess (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) to the surface (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) and convey them to the recess (3 FIG.3) on the rotor, the surfaces of the equivalent pistons or virtual (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) (always 4 every 90 degrees), a series of ducts (3 FIG.4 , 3 FIG.5) and channels (4 FIG.4 , 4 FIG.5) always made on the rotor, built to accelerate and centrifuge the mixtures introduced in the hole (7 FIG.1 , 7 FIG.2 , 10 FIG.5) through 2

the rotation of the rotor, and compress them through the centrifugal acceleration which concentrates the material and mixtures in the most external parts where the mixture finds its passage; at least two bridge passages, consisting of: channels (3 FIG.4 , 3 FIG.5) and (4 FIG.4 , 4 FIG.5), fixed bridge recesses on the cover (9 FIG.5), holes (2 5FIG.4 , 2 FIG.5) which feed the chambers only at the intended points of mixture loading in the pre-compression phase, by cyclic reciprocal alignment which allows the passage of the mixtures from the hole (7 FIG.1 , 7 FIG.2 , 10 FIG.5) to the recess (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) on the rotor and simultaneously with the recess (2 FIG.3) on the stator, a series of holes (8 FIG.3), (9 FIG.3), (10 FIG.3), (11 FIG.3) able to house spark plugs, and such lOholes with spark plug are grouped by combustion chamber (3 FIG.3) and displaced between them, in the same chamber, of an angle to determine advance and ignition delay, apt to trigger the detonation of the mixtures in at least two burst chambers (3 FIG.3) arranged symmetrically on the stator with respect to the axis of rotation, characterized in that the facing of the recesses made on the rotor and on the stator is l5cyclical during rotation and determines the following geometric and functional chambers: when the pre-compression and loading chamber (2 FIG.3) on the stator is facing and communicating with the chamber (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) on the rotor, the phase and function of loading and pre-compression is realized and the corresponding chamber, the loading chamber, is complete (therefore the loading chamber is composed of recess (2 FIG.3) 20with recess (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5), which is the moment in which they are loaded mixtures); said loading phase coincides with the alignment of the bridge system composed of the ducts (3 FIG.4 , 3 FIG.5), the bridge on the cover (9 FIG.5), the hole (2 FIG.4 , 2 FIG.5) which communicates with the loading chamber ((6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) plus (2 FIG.3)), alignment which allows the passage of the centrifuged mixtures from the rotation of the 25rotor from the center, through the hole (7 FIG.1 , 7 FIG.2 , 10 FIG.5) and the duct (4 FIG.4 , 4 FIG.5), towards the outermost mixture loading parts passing from the aforementioned ducts (3 FIG.4 , 3 FIG.5) and the bridges (9 FIG.5) and holes (2 FIG.4 , 2 FIG.5) to the recess (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) and from this to the recesses on the rotor (2 FIG.3); when the chamber (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) rotates a few degrees clockwise after 30having performed the function and loading chamber, it pours the mixture towards the surface (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) passing through the inclined plane (12 FIG.4 , 12 FIG.5), and moves in communication with the chamber (3 FIG.3), in this way the first compression part according to the mode A is obtained, the mode in which the detonation occurs in advance at the complete closure of the chamber (3 FIG.3) and before it is covered by 3

the surface of the virtual piston (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5), while the B mode occurs when the surface (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) darkens the forward part in a clockwise direction of the recess (3 FIG.3); therefore when the chamber (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) and the surface (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) are in communication and facing the recess (3 FIG.3), the compression 5and detonation function is performed, with the compression and detonation chamber complete, in mode A, therefore the compression and detonation chamber is composed of recess (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5), surface (12 FIG.4 , 12 FIG.5), surface (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) recess (3 FIG.3) in which the active parts of the candles face; when the surface (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) darkens the notch (3 FIG.3) in the forward part in a clockwise direction, lOthe compression and detonation function is performed in the B mode, with complete detonation and compression function and chamber, composed of surface (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) and recess (3 FIG.3), and in this chamber detonates, therefore the compression and detonation chamber in mode B is composed of surface (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) and recess (3 FIG.3); subsequently, when the recess (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) continues to rotate l5clockwise and communicates and faces the recess (4 FIG.3), the expansion function is performed with the expansion chamber composed of recess (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) and recess (4 FIG.3), in which the expansion of the detonated mixtures takes place , expansion which causes rotation of the rotor through the removal of the tendentially parallel or inclined surfaces of the recesses (4 FIG.3), fixed on the stator, and the 20surfaces of the recess (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5), which are the only ones capable of moving away by rotation; subsequently the recess (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) moves a few degrees, pushed in rotation by the expansion phase / function in the homonymous chamber, to intercept the hole (8 FIG.1 , 8 FIG.2, 7 FIG.3) from which the burned and / or burnt combustion gases come out, forced to exit also from the rotation and consequent force 25centrifuge in ejection.

Claim 2

An internal combustion heat engine, according to the previous claim, characterized in that the simultaneous functions take place with a specific succession of events determined by the change of the angular position of the recesses obtained on the rotor, 30which determines a variation in the size and geometry of the corresponding shape chamber and function, due to the rotation of the rotor inside the stator; said sequence of events and functions are: the loading of the mixtures (A1 fig.6), the pre-compression (A2 fig.6), the compression (A3 fig.6), the detonation (A4 fig.6), the expansion (A5 fig.6), the 4

exhaust and the combustion outlet (A6 fig.6); alternatively to the advance detonation to the passage of the surface of the equivalent or virtual piston (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) under the recess (3 FIG.3) (A4 fig.6) the detonation is deferred (B6 fig.7) with the equivalent or virtual piston (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) which closes the recess (3 FIG.3) or opens still the 5recess (3 FIG.3) just after the passage of the surface (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5), also acting as a turbine with the combustion that comes out of the discharge hole (8 FIG.1 , 8 FIG.2, 7 FIG.3), in the case of a very delayed postponement of ignition or detonation; in figure 6 and in figure 7 the contemporary functions are 4, in four points set at 90 degrees on the stator lOCIaim 3

An internal combustion heat engine according to the preceding claims, comprising a series of holes and grooves made both on the stator and on the rotor, and comprising at least two complete sequences complete with functional chambers arranged on an arc of a circle; said succession of functional chambers is composed of parts on the stator: pre- l5compression and load chamber (2 FIG.3), followed by compression and burst / explosion chamber (3 FIG.3), followed by expansion chamber (4 FIG.3), followed by area or discharge chamber (8 FIG.1 , 8 FIG.2, 7 FIG.3), and such chambers are shared and contained between stator and rotor with room part on rotor (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) and part of chamber (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) which is the equivalent or virtual piston area, the shape of 20said chambers varies during the operating cycle and that said shape depends on the position relative of the stator with respect to the rotor during rotation; characterized in that said succession of functional chambers (chamber and loading and pre-compression function, followed by compression and detonation, followed by expansion, followed by discharge) is repeated periodically and cyclically on adjacent arcs of a circle until the 25total circle is completed

Claim 4

An internal combustion heat engine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding of said chambers, consequent to the rotation of the solid composed of a rotor with axis inside the stator, generates the physical phenomena corresponding to the 30specific function of the functional chambers affected by the passing the surfaces (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) and the recesses (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) of the rotor, which rotates and passes through the composite chambers (from recesses and surfaces on the rotor and 5

recesses on the stator) and the chamber parts on the stator and in this way activates the corresponding functions by varying the shape of the available geometries; the physical phenomena corresponding to the chambers and their functions are cyclically: pre compression with mix loading, compression, detonation or combustion, expansion, 5discharge, as well as the mixing of the mixtures that occurs between the various phases and separate rooms.

Claim 5

An internal combustion heat engine according to the preceding claims, comprising a series of holes and grooves made both on the stator and on the rotor, and comprising at lOleast two complete sequences with functional chambers arranged on an arc of a circle and distributed over the entire circumference for a number of repetitions not less than 2, characterized in that the rotor is constructed with geometric completion chambers which constitute part of the functional chambers built on the stator, but said chambers built on the rotor can perform alternate and different functions despite being the same chamber 15oh the rotor (first load and then expansion), while the part of chambers on the stator keeps its function constant and the functions are in succession and linked to the direction of rotation, because the same part of the pre-compression or compression chamber on the rotor can do the function of geometric completion of the expansion chamber on the stator, only (simply) rotating of position in the subsequent angular 20phase, and this applies to each functional chamber of which the corresponding part of the chamber on the rotor specializes according to the position of correspondence to the part of chamber on the stator.

Claim 6

Equivalent or virtual piston motor / turbine, consisting of at least one stator (3 FIG.1 , 3 25FIG.2 , FIG.3) with a circular interior, within which rotates a circular rotor (2 FIG.2 , 1 FIG.4 , 1 FIG.5) which has symmetrical inlays and channels (4 FIG.4 , 4 FIG.5), (3 FIG.4 , 3 FIG.5), and holes (2 FIG.4 , 2 FIG.5), a closing system such as upper covers (1 FIG.1 , 1 FIG.2, 8 FIG.5) and lower (4 FIG.1 , 4 FIG.2) from which comes out the transmission axis (6 FIG.1 , 6 FIG.2), integral with the rotor; the axle rotates through two bearings and 30/ or bushings fixed to the covers; the stator (3 FIG.1 , 3 FIG.2 , FIG.3) is constructed so as to have in the inner circular part of the cavities which constitute the partial part of the pre-compression chamber (2 FIG.3), the partial part of the compression and the burst 6

chamber (3 FIG.3), the partial part of the expansion chamber (4 FIG.3), the hole for gas and fluid discharge and expulsion (8 FIG.1 , 8 FIG.2, 7 FIG.3); this sequence can be symmetrical and regular enough to allow rotation in both directions; said sequence is repeated on the stator and out of phase by a number of equal degrees for each 5symmetrical repetition; the rotor (2 FIG.2 , 1 FIG.4 , 1 FIG.5) is a preferably full cylinder to operate also as an inertial flywheel, it shows excavations which in turn constitute the part of the pre-compression chamber on the rotor (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) and the part of the expansion chamber on the rotor, always (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5), which is however the next one in the direction of rotation, or each of these can perform the same function, both as lOa pre-compression chamber and as an expansion chamber, depending on the advancement of the rotation and of the position with respect to the correspondences on the stator; between the chambers there is a more external connecting surface which constitutes the surface of the equivalent or virtual piston (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5); the rotor shows a system of independent radial channels which are fed by corresponding holes in l5the lid, only in coincidence with the communication between the hole and the radial channel, or one or more holes (7 FIG.1 , 7 FIG.2 , 10 FIG.5) which feed a common circular channel (4 FIG.4 , 4 FIG.5) formed on the rotor which feeds simultaneously the radial channels (3 FIG.4 , 3 FIG.5); said radial channels communicate with the cavities (6 FIG.4 , 6 FIG.5) of the rotor directly or the radial channels (3 FIG.4 , 3 FIG.5) are 20interrupted and feed the cavities / chambers on the rotor through a hole (2 FIG.4 , 2 FIG.5), which puts in communication the interrupted part through a "bridge passage" (9 FIG.5) made on the cover (1 FIG.1 , 1 FIG.2, 8 FIG.5) and / or (4 FIG.1 , 4 FIG.2) which puts in a precise position the hole (2 FIG.4 , 2 FIG.5) with the radial channel (3 FIG.4 , 3 FIG.5) interrupted on the stator, feeding it with the mixtures; the holes on the cover (7 25FIG.1 , 7 FIG.2 , 10 FIG.5) feed the invention (the motor) through a carburetion, injection, compression and / or turbine system that push the mixtures inside the engine from one or more sides, starting from the center as close as possible to the rotation axis to increase the centrifugal and auto-turbine effect of the rotor; the exhausts holes (8 FIG.1 , 8 FIG.2, 7 FIG.3) can communicate directly with other identical engines, also 30mounted on the same axle, to make the best use of the unburnt materials (partially burnt mixtures) or be connected to mufflers, characterized in that said engine operates through the simultaneous or sequential or independent ignition of candles, which face the sparkling part inside the combustion chamber (3 FIG.3) and positioned in different angles in succession, mounted in the recesses (8 FIG.3), (9 FIG.3), (10 FIG.3). (11 7

FIG.3), and the control of the ignition of such spark plugs determines the operation of one or more pistons equivalent or virtual, both contemporary and out of phase or in succession; said artifice allows operation according to method A, according to method B, or A + B method, whereby detonation takes place before the surface (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) 5completely closes the part of the chamber of combustion (3 FIG.3) in method A, while if the detonation occurs after or simultaneously with the surface (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) closing the recess (3 FIG.3), mode B is obtained, while in mode A + B detonation takes place before and after the passage of the surface (7 FIG.4 , 7 FIG.5) which obstructs and closes the recess (3 FIG.3) lOCIaim 7

Equivalent or virtual piston engine / turbine according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the ignition system triggers detonation expansions with considerable thrust because it uses the phenomena of "gravitational compression", of "gravitational friction", of "bidirectional" or epicyclical rotation, as well as "inertial sliding", l5which are added to the compression of the autoturbine and to the compression of the incoming mixtures, allowed by the construction method of the invention and by the behavior during the rotation of the rotor; said gravitational compression corresponds at least to the vectorial sum of the a) centrifugal force that pushes the mixtures along the radial ducts realized on the rotor towards the pre-compression chambers realized on the 20rotor and from these pass to the chambers realized on the stator, added to the b) inertial force which tends to keep still the mixtures that are in the spaces between the rotor and the stator, with vector opposite to the rotation of the rotor; said gravitational friction corresponds to the resistance due to the sum of the surface tensions of the active components of the mixture, the force of molecular cohesion of the components of the 25mixture, the viscosity of the mixture, the wettability coefficient of the rotor surfaces and of the stator surfaces, which concur to drag (the rotor) and slowing down (the stator) the mixtures and the individual components of the mixtures, determining a phenomenon of bidirectional rotation, intended and defined as rotation by (bidirectional) dragging of the mixtures; said bidirectional phenomenon tends to rotate the mixtures in a manner 30contrary to the rotation of the rotor, in an epicyclic rotation, increasing the mixing effects. For the phenomenon of bidirectional or epicyclic satellite rotations, forces are generated which attempt to overturn the mixtures to restore the same direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) of the same, to synchronize with the rotation direction of the rotor, 8

generating centripetal forces contrary to centrifugal force; this gravitational friction is increased by the gravitational compression which increases the density of the matter and tends to split the elements by centrifugal effect, remixed by the perturbartor which are, in addition to the bidirectional phenomenon, the passages between the various 5chambers that act as a bottleneck that modifies the density, for speed increase, or pressure, according to the laws of fluid physics; said inertial sliding is a desired and sought phenomenon through the construction of the invention, which allows delayed sliding of the mixtures with respect to the rotation of the rotor, to exploit the forced passage on the surface of the equivalent or virtual piston ; said phenomena correspond lOto forces which contribute to the achievement of a pressure necessary for the operation of the invention, equivalent or greater to that of a piston which rises to compress the mixtures inside a cylinder of an eight cycle heat engine; said pressure of the invention inside the combustion chamber is proportional to the number of revolutions of the rotor.