WO2019096037A1 - Improvements in or relating to rate de-matching around resources used by control signaling - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to rate de-matching around resources used by control signaling Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019096037A1
WO2019096037A1 PCT/CN2018/114261 CN2018114261W WO2019096037A1 WO 2019096037 A1 WO2019096037 A1 WO 2019096037A1 CN 2018114261 W CN2018114261 W CN 2018114261W WO 2019096037 A1 WO2019096037 A1 WO 2019096037A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resources
control signal
scheduled
emption
rate
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PCT/CN2018/114261
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Guang Liu
Benny Assouline
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Jrd Communication (Shenzhen) Ltd
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Priority to CN201880071961.8A priority Critical patent/CN111316738B/zh
Publication of WO2019096037A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019096037A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/1263—Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows
    • H04W72/1268—Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows of uplink data flows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to wireless communication systems and in particular to devices and methods for enabling a wireless communication device, such as a User Equipment (UE) or mobile device to access a Radio Access Technology (RAT) or Radio Access Network (RAN) .
  • UE User Equipment
  • RAT Radio Access Technology
  • RAN Radio Access Network
  • Wireless communication systems such as the third-generation (3G) of mobile telephone standards and technology are well known.
  • 3G standards and technology have been developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) .
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • the 3 rd generation of wireless communications has generally been developed to support macro-cell mobile phone communications.
  • Communication systems and networks have developed towards a broadband and mobile system.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Territorial Radio Access Network
  • 5G or NR new radio
  • Ultra-Reliable Low latency Communications is defined as one of the key target scenario to be supported.
  • URLLC Ultra-Reliable Low latency Communications
  • a low latency is required and should be about 0.5ms for UL, and 0.5ms for DL.
  • URLLC a high reliability is requires and thus to support URLLC services, pre-emption is required in at least the DL.
  • the control region is at the beginning of the slot, at most 3 symbols can be configured and the data region is all the remaining symbols. It is assumed in this invention that some resources in both the control region and the data region are used by Reference Signal (RS) for channel estimation or measurement.
  • RS Reference Signal
  • the data region may be scheduled by the control region and multiple UEs could be multiplexed in both regions.
  • the solution to support URLLC is to pre-empt the ongoing data transmission (typically to eMBB UEs) and one or more symbols in the time domain and a number of Radio Bearers (RBs) in the frequency domain may be punctured and replaced with one or more URLLC transmissions.
  • ongoing data transmission typically to eMBB UEs
  • RBs Radio Bearers
  • UEs may be indicate that downlink control channel is mapped in the first 1, 2 or 3 symbols but it does not mean every Resource Element (RE) i.e., one subcarrier in one OFDM symbol, will be used by control channels. Some REs from the control region may be used by Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) with rate matching if there are not enough control channels.
  • RE Resource Element
  • PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
  • Resources for URLLC services may be pre-configured to a URLLC UE in the format of a slot or mini-slot (1 or 2 symbols) and also different Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) may be used.
  • SCS Subcarrier Spacing
  • a URLLC terminal will monitor the configured resources and a control signalling header in a manner similar to Downlink Control Information (DCI) may be transmitted simultaneously by gNB within the pre-empted area so that the URLLC UE can recognise the transmission is intended for it.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • eMBB UE some or all resources of eMBB UE’s DL transmission may be punctured. If the pre-emption is not indicated to the eMBB UE, the pre-empted part is included within the receiving procedure. As a result, in most cases, the decoding will fail. To solve this problem, it has been agreed to introduce a pre-emption indicator (PI) to indicate to eMBB UE which parts of the original scheduled data region are punctured so that the eMBB UE can nullify these parts in its receiving procedure and accordingly its DL decoding performance can be improved.
  • PI pre-emption indicator
  • the PI should be explicitly transmitted by the gNB after the pre-emption, using a dedicated Group Common (GC) -DCI, and there could be two potential locations: one location is within the last few symbols of the current slot (i.e. the same slot in which pre-emption happens) ; the other location is within the control region (e.g. the first few symbols) of a later slot. More specifically, it is proposed by some companies that a number of continuous or discontinuous RBs in the last one or two symbols of the current slot may be used as COntrol REcourse SETs (CORESETs) of group common DCIs which carry PIs.
  • CORESETs COntrol REcourse SETs
  • a UE in New Radio (NR) , can be configured with one or multiple Component Carriers (CCs) and a set of Bandwidth Parts (BWPs) can be configured per CC.
  • CCs Component Carriers
  • BWPs Bandwidth Parts
  • the motivation of BWP operation includes the following:
  • BWPs can be configured to the UE but at any moment a subset of all configured BPWs may be activated for each UE.
  • the capability details to support multiple CCs and BWP configurations are reported by a UE so the gNB know how to do the configuration accordingly.
  • BWP could be activated/de-activated dynamically by DCI among all the configured BWPs.
  • the PI is carried by a group common DCI and group common Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) is the corresponding channel.
  • the PI will include a bitmap which will indicate which parts of the data region are punctured. Two types of bitmap are defined. One is 14 x 1 which means the time is split into 14 parts (e.g., 1 symbol in each part) and the BWP is split into 1 part (equivalent to no splitting at all) . The other is 7 x 2 which means the time is split into 7 parts (e.g., 2 symbols in each part) and the BWP is split into 2 equal size parts. Without considering CRC, at least 14 bits are required for the PI.
  • bitmap Since the bitmap is based on a specific active BWP, it cannot be shared by UEs with different active BWPs but as it is carried by a group common DCI, naturally it is expected to be shared by at least UEs with identical active BWP.
  • the decision as to which PI bitmap type to use is RRC configurable and different UEs could be configured to use different bitmap.
  • the data region is scheduled by the control region and in each slot the scheduled PDSCH must be within the UE’s active BWP.
  • the actual scheduled resources of a UE could be occupying a bandwidth less than its active BWP in frequency domain.
  • the resource set which could be used for control signaling transmission is shown in figure 3.
  • the CORESET candidates could be either hard coded by specs or pre-configured to a UE and the UE monitors the control signaling from corresponding CORESET. For each PI, there must be at least one corresponding CORESET. There could be multiple CORESETs in the last 1 or 2 symbols of the slot for multiple UEs and for UEs with wide BWP (e.g., UE1 and maybe other UEs with identical BWP) , more than one PI CORESETs could be located within its BWP.
  • URLLC services’packets arrive sporadically and if no pre-emption happens in a slot, PI transmission in this slot is not necessary and corresponding resources for PI can be used by PDSCH to improve its reliability, throughput and overall system efficiency.
  • a remaining issue is how can UE1 know when the corresponding resources for PI2 and PI3 are not preempted for PIs and actually used by PDSCH.
  • the present invention is seeking to solve at least some of the outstanding problems in this domain.
  • a method for enabling a wireless communication device to access services provided by a Radio Access Network wherein a scheduled resource for data transmission overlaps with a resource for a sporadically transmitted control signal and wherein the data transmission is subsequently mapped to the scheduled resources.
  • the sporadically transmitted control signal is a pre-emption indicator transmission/
  • the resources for the sporadically transmitted control signal is scheduled by Downlink Control Information.
  • the Downlink Control Information also schedules a shared channel for a UE and the scheduled shared channel is within an active bandwidth part of a UE.
  • the shared channel is a Physical Downlink Shared Channel.
  • the resources for the sporadically transmitted control signal which overlap with a bandwidth part of a device are configured to each device via high layer signalling.
  • a rate de-matching indicator is included in the high layer signalling to indicate if one or more likelihood ratios should be flushed or not from one or more CORESETs associated with the sporadically transmitted control signal.
  • the resources for the sporadically transmitted control signal are hard coded in a Standard
  • the sporadically transmitted control signal is transmitted with a scheduled; configured; or hard coded resources if one or more pre-emptions take place.
  • a rate de-matching indicator made up of a reused or redefined an existing bit of the sporadically transmitted control signal.
  • the UE monitors a sporadically transmitted control signal within its bandwidth part.
  • the sporadically transmitted control signal is a pre-emption indicator.
  • the resources of the sporadically transmitted control signal monitored by the UE are scheduled by the Downlink Control Information, which also schedules a shared channel.
  • performing a cyclic redundancy check to determine if the UE flushes one or more likelihood ratios from a buffer of the device associated with one or more CORESET candidates.
  • the buffer is flushed according to a rate de-matching indicator.
  • the rate de-matching indicator is included in high layer signalling.
  • the rate de-matching indicator is included in a monitored pre-emption Indicator
  • the rate de-matching indicator is included in the pre-emption Indicator by reusing or redefining an existing bit of this pre-emption Indicator.
  • the rate de-matching indicator is hard coded in the standard.
  • an untargeted pre-emption Indicator is not a monitored pre-emption Indicator and its resources overlap with the UE’s active bandwidth part.
  • the Radio Access Network is a New Radio/5G network.
  • a base station adapted to perform the method of another aspect of the present invention.
  • a UE adapted to perform the method of another aspect of the present invention.
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon for execution by a processor to perform the method of another aspect of the present invention.
  • the non-transitory computer readable medium may comprise at least one from a group consisting of: a hard disk, a CD-ROM, an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, a Read Only Memory, a Programmable Read Only Memory, an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory and a Flash memory.
  • Figure 1 is an example of pre-emption, according to the prior art.
  • Figure 2 is a diagram showing a bandwidth part, according to the prior art.
  • Figure 3 is a diagram showing a bandwidth part for multiple UEs, according to the prior art.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram showing a separate PI scheduling message to be included in the UE-specific DCI, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a diagram showing scheduled PDSCH2 that may not overlap with the pre-empted resources (Case A in figure 5) or that may overlap with the pre-empted resources (Case B in figure 5, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a diagram showing two types of bitmap, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention is related to wireless communication and more specifically, to rate de-matching around resources which may be used by control signalling.
  • a man skilled in the art may configure a number of PI CORESET candidates in the whole system bandwidth and this configuration could be done via system information and broadcasted to all UEs. Then in each UE’s specific Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling, an index of the configured PI CORESET candidates can be included for each BWP so that the UE know which PI CORESET candidate to monitor when a BWP is activated. Resources of all configured PI CORESET candidates are precluded from PDSCH mapping.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the PI payload size is around 30 bits including CRC
  • the encoded block is 90 bits
  • This invention introduces a new indicator to help the UE to make the decision as to whether the resources are used by PDSCH.
  • the present invention introduces a set of options to support dynamic sharing of resources that have been configured for control signalling that are transmitted in a sporadic manner.
  • Potential resources for control signalling are pre-configured to each UE first and by default, the gNB will assume the pre-configured resources will not be used by said control signalling and map the PDSCH to these resources.
  • the gNB can insert the control signalling by puncturing the ongoing PDSCH transmission and at the same time, it further includes introducing a new indicator in the control signalling (including by reusing an existing control signalling bit) to indicate whether the resources are used by PDSCH.
  • the indicator can be included in the RRC signalling to indicate a slow changing choice or hard coded by the specs to indicate one fixed choice but both may cause the pre-configured resources used less efficiently and/or introduce retrains to the gNB scheduler.
  • a first option (Option 1) is to dynamically schedule the PI CORESET instead of pre-configure it in advance with high layer signalling.
  • both PI resources and PDSCH resources are dynamic and it will be relatively easy for the gNB scheduler to avoid overlapping a UE’s PDSCH with a PI which the UE will not receive. This thus further avoids the aforementioned problem occurring.
  • a possible drawback of this option is the increased control signalling overhead to the DCI.
  • the basic idea is to use the scheduled PI resources for PDSCH if the PI is not actually transmitted otherwise the UE will preclude the PI resources when processing the PDSCH.
  • This step is implemented in the terminal when rate de-matching is performed. Normally, the received transmission is saved in the buffer in the format of likelihood ratios (LLRs) which are input to the channel decoder. If the LLRs are polluted (pre-empted by either URLLC or PI) , the performance of channel decoder decreases dramatically and that is why the polluted LLRs should be flushed from the buffer.
  • LLRs likelihood ratios
  • PI resources are scheduled to each UE.
  • a separate PI scheduling message needs to be included in the UE-specific DCI.
  • UE1-specific DCI schedules PDSCH1 to UE1 and at the same time, the included PI1 scheduling message schedules resources for PI1.
  • Resources of PI1 could be a sub-set of the scheduled PDSCH1 resources or a sub-set of scheduled PDSCH resources of another UE who also needs to receive PI1.
  • Resources of PI1 should not overlap with PDSCH resources of another UE who does not receive this PI, for instance, PI1 should not overlap with PDSCH2.
  • UE2-specific DCI schedules PDSCH2 to UE2 and at the same time, the included PI2 scheduling message schedules resources for PI2.
  • PI Since PI is scheduled by DCI, its position is dynamic. When two or more UEs have identical BWP, the gNB can schedule the same PI resources to all of them for sharing. The gNB maps PDSCH to all scheduled resources including those for a PI. When pre-emption happens during the transmission, the gNB transmits the PI by puncturing the corresponding resources scheduled for PI. If a PI is scheduled, the UE tries to decode the PI and if it is detected (CRC check pass) , the terminal flushes those LLRs from the resources scheduled for this PI, otherwise (CRC check fail) the terminal does not flush LLRs from the PI resources.
  • the gNB will not insert PI and the scheduled resources for PI will be used for PDSCH transmission. In that case, the UE for sure cannot detect the PI and will not flush LLRs from the scheduled PI resources.
  • a benefit of this option is that the gNB scheduler can avoid overlapping the PI resources with another UE’s PDSCH that is not supposed to receive this PI.
  • the terminal only needs to do the rate de-matching based on the CRC check result.
  • a possible drawback is that a separate PI scheduling message needs to be included in the UE-specific DCI and the DL control signalling overhead is increased.
  • a second option has a number of alternatives: Options 2/2a/2b.
  • PI resources are semi-statically configured to all UE or hard coded by specs.
  • the second option introduces a separate indicator to indicate if the pre-configured resources for control signalling are used by PDSCH or not. Since the pre-configured resources are only used sporadically and when there is no URLLC transmission, this second option can enable the gNB to improve the DL transmission reliability by using pre-configured resources to increase the redundancy of PDSCH so that a better reliability can be achieved for the corresponding PDSCH transmission. This option reduces the control signalling overhead.
  • PI resources in Option 2 are semi-statically configured by RRC signalling, for instance, CORESETs of PI1/PI2/PI3 in figure 3 are indicated to UE1 as they are all in UE1’s BWP, and CORESETs of PI1/PI2 are indicated to UE2 as PI3 is not in UE2’s BWP and so does PI1/PI3 for UE3.
  • a number of BWPs could be configured to a UE via RRC but a subset of BWPs can be activated in each slot.
  • Each BWP is identified by a starting position and a width in the frequency domain.
  • a first way is to indicate all PI resources of each BWP explicitly, e.g., a starting position and a width in the frequency domain for each PI’s resources.
  • a second way is to indicate all PIs’resources independently (without considering any specific BWP) and let the UE determine which PIs are in which BWP according to each BWP’s relative position and width to each PI.
  • all PIs’resources can be hard coded in specs if no configuration flexibility is required.
  • PIs’resources are RRC configurable, its position changes much less frequently than PDSCH, as PDSCH is scheduled dynamically by DCI. It may happen that the scheduled PDSCH2 may not overlap with the pre-empted resources (Case A in Figure 5) or may overlap with the pre-empted resources (Case B in Figure 5) .
  • UE1 can ignore the PI2 as it is not transmitted and the rate de-matching is only based on PI1, which is also this terminal’s target PI.
  • UE1 should do the rate de-matching around resources of both PI1 and PI2. To determine the existence of PI2 by checking its CRC may increase the complexity of the terminal.
  • One possible solution is to indicate if PI2 (or any other) is transmitted or not.
  • the gNB thus has the full picture which PIs are transmitted.
  • 1-bit indicator can be introduced in the PI to indicate either ignore all configured PIs within the BWP (Case A) or flush all LLRs from other PIs’resources within the BWP (Case B) .
  • the 1-bit indicator can be introduced to the RRC signalling instead of DCI. This may place restraints on the gNB scheduler, for instance, if “ignore all other PIs” is indicated by the RRC, the gNB should avoid overlapping of PDSCH1 with PI2 or avoid overlapping pre-empted resources with PDSCH2 (so no need to transmit PI2) in all slots until “flush all LLRs from all other PIs” is indicated by another RRC.
  • Option 2a A variation on Option 2 above is Option 2a.
  • An indicator bit is introduced to either DCI or RRC in Option 2.
  • this indicator can be represented by reusing an existing bit in the PI.
  • a bitmap is transmitted in the PI, and each bit in the bitmap indicates if a frequency by time block is pre-empted or not. If it is pre-empted, all received LLRs from this block should be flushed from the buffer otherwise there is no need to do so.
  • the meaning of the last 1 or 2 bits of this bitmap can be redefined so that it can indicate if pre-emption or PI happens or not in the corresponding frequency by time block (s) . So the existence of an untargeted PI in the BWP of a UE, i.e., PI2 for UE 1 in the above example, is also indicated by the received PI bitmap. The existence of an untargeted PI is equivalent to a pre-emption for URLLC services.
  • this option can save 1 signalling bit from either RRC or DCI, but the granularity of bitmap indication is normally much bigger than the CORESET candidate size of a PI so much more necessary LLRs may be flushed from the buffer when an untargeted PI exists and it will result in a worse downlink performance than that of Option 2.
  • both bitmaps may have 1 or 2 bits may not be used, for instance, when the control region is configured to have 2 symbols, 2 top bits of both bitmaps (highlighted in grey in figure 6) will not be used as possibly no pre-emption is permitted in the control region. In that case, it is possible to redefine these bits as rate de-matching indication of PI CORESET candidate. This additional design has no drawback as over flushing pointed out above for Option 2.
  • Option 2b it is also possible for the specs to hard code a default action as for example to “flush all received LLRs from all other PIs’CORESET candidates” with or without a target PI detected. All PIs’CORESETs will still need to be indicated to each UE via a high layer signalling, e.g., RRC.
  • a high layer signalling e.g., RRC.
  • the UE knows how many PI CORESETs are in its BWP by either
  • the UE knows from hard code in the specs that all LLRs from all PIs’CORESETs need to be flushed from its buffer once its target PI is detected
  • the UE monitors the configured PI for its BWP and check CRC
  • Option 2b Compared with Option 2 or Option 2a, Option 2b has the least impacts on the specs but its performance is relatively worse, its scheduling restrains are relatively more than the other 2 options.
  • the invention has been described with respect to the examples and scenarios mentioned above. However, the invention may also apply to other situations and scenarios, such as for example, indication existence of very small packets of, e.g., gaming or remote control, services transmitted in similar way as pre-empting ongoing transmissions.
  • any of the devices or apparatus that form part of the network may include at least a processor, a storage unit and a communications interface, wherein the processor unit, storage unit, and communications interface are configured to perform the method of any aspect of the present invention. Further options and choices are described below.
  • the signal processing functionality of the embodiments of the invention especially the gNB and the UE may be achieved using computing systems or architectures known to those who are skilled in the relevant art.
  • Computing systems such as, a desktop, laptop or notebook computer, hand-held computing device (PDA, cell phone, palmtop, etc. ) , mainframe, server, client, or any other type of special or general purpose computing device as may be desirable or appropriate for a given application or environment can be used.
  • the computing system can include one or more processors which can be implemented using a general or special-purpose processing engine such as, for example, a microprocessor, microcontroller or other control module.
  • the computing system can also include a main memory, such as random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic memory, for storing information and instructions to be executed by a processor. Such a main memory also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by the processor.
  • the computing system may likewise include a read only memory (ROM) or other static storage device for storing static information and instructions for a processor.
  • ROM read only memory
  • the computing system may also include an information storage system which may include, for example, a media drive and a removable storage interface.
  • the media drive may include a drive or other mechanism to support fixed or removable storage media, such as a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, a compact disc (CD) or digital video drive (DVD) read or write drive (R or RW) , or other removable or fixed media drive.
  • Storage media may include, for example, a hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, CD or DVD, or other fixed or removable medium that is read by and written to by media drive.
  • the storage media may include a computer-readable storage medium having particular computer software or data stored therein.
  • an information storage system may include other similar components for allowing computer programs or other instructions or data to be loaded into the computing system.
  • Such components may include, for example, a removable storage unit and an interface, such as a program cartridge and cartridge interface, a removable memory (for example, a flash memory or other removable memory module) and memory slot, and other removable storage units and interfaces that allow software and data to be transferred from the removable storage unit to computing system.
  • the computing system can also include a communications interface.
  • a communications interface can be used to allow software and data to be transferred between a computing system and external devices.
  • Examples of communications interfaces can include a modem, a network interface (such as an Ethernet or other NIC card) , a communications port (such as for example, a universal serial bus (USB) port) , a PCMCIA slot and card, etc.
  • Software and data transferred via a communications interface are in the form of signals which can be electronic, electromagnetic, and optical or other signals capable of being received by a communications interface medium.
  • computer program product may be used generally to refer to tangible media such as, for example, a memory, storage device, or storage unit.
  • These and other forms of computer-readable media may store one or more instructions for use by the processor comprising the computer system to cause the processor to perform specified operations.
  • Such instructions generally referred to as ‘computer program code’ (which may be grouped in the form of computer programs or other groupings) , when executed, enable the computing system to perform functions of embodiments of the present invention.
  • the code may directly cause a processor to perform specified operations, be compiled to do so, and/or be combined with other software, hardware, and/or firmware elements (e.g., libraries for performing standard functions) to do so.
  • the non-transitory computer readable medium may comprise at least one from a group consisting of: a hard disk, a CD-ROM, an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, a Read Only Memory, a Programmable Read Only Memory, an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory and a Flash memory
  • the software may be stored in a computer-readable medium and loaded into computing system using, for example, removable storage drive.
  • a control module in this example, software instructions or executable computer program code
  • the processor in the computer system when executed by the processor in the computer system, causes a processor to perform the functions of the invention as described herein.
  • inventive concept can be applied to any circuit for performing signal processing functionality within a network element. It is further envisaged that, for example, a semiconductor manufacturer may employ the inventive concept in a design of a stand-alone device, such as a microcontroller of a digital signal processor (DSP) , or application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and/or any other sub-system element.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • aspects of the invention may be implemented in any suitable form including hardware, software, firmware or any combination of these.
  • the invention may optionally be implemented, at least partly, as computer software running on one or more data processors and/or digital signal processors or configurable module components such as FPGA devices.
  • the elements and components of an embodiment of the invention may be physically, functionally and logically implemented in any suitable way. Indeed, the functionality may be implemented in a single unit, in a plurality of units or as part of other functional units.

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PCT/CN2018/114261 2017-11-16 2018-11-07 Improvements in or relating to rate de-matching around resources used by control signaling WO2019096037A1 (en)

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