WO2019086492A1 - Valve train assembly - Google Patents
Valve train assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019086492A1 WO2019086492A1 PCT/EP2018/079768 EP2018079768W WO2019086492A1 WO 2019086492 A1 WO2019086492 A1 WO 2019086492A1 EP 2018079768 W EP2018079768 W EP 2018079768W WO 2019086492 A1 WO2019086492 A1 WO 2019086492A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- valves
- hydraulic
- piston
- accumulator
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/10—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
- F01L9/11—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic in which the action of a cam is being transmitted to a valve by a liquid column
- F01L9/12—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic in which the action of a cam is being transmitted to a valve by a liquid column with a liquid chamber between a piston actuated by a cam and a piston acting on a valve stem
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/26—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
- F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
- F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/10—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/10—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
- F01L9/11—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic in which the action of a cam is being transmitted to a valve by a liquid column
Definitions
- the invention relates to a valve train assembly comprising :
- Such a valve train is known from for example EP 3149295.
- This publication proposes to provide second cam followers, which can either be locked or unlocked to the corresponding rocker arm, such that timing and lift is determined by either the first or second cam or a combination thereof .
- a second technique is providing two differently shaped cams on the cam shaft for each valve and shifting the camshaft axially while running the engine. This allows one to use two different valve timing profiles. For example, one profile to have high power, but also high fuel consumption and emissions, and the other profile for less power, but better fuel consumption and lower emission.
- Another technique is to change the phase of the camshaft, such that the lifting of the valves is advanced or delayed .
- VVA variable valve actuation system
- the lash varies during the lifetime of the engine due to wear, which will affect the performance of the system and the engine.
- valve train assembly according to the preamble, which is characterized by
- first and second master pistons which are actuated by the movement of the corresponding first and second cam followers;
- first and second hydraulic valves which first valves hydraulically connect the corresponding first master piston selectively with either the corresponding slave piston or the accumulator and which second valves
- the first and second hydraulic valves are electrically actuated. This allows for an motor management controller to actively control the lift and timing of the valves simply by correctly actuating the hydraulic valves .
- the first hydraulic valve connects in non-actuated state the first master piston with the corresponding slave piston, while the second hydraulic valve connects in non-actuated state the second master piston with the hydraulic accumulator.
- valves When a malfunction of the electrically actuated hydraulic valves occurs, the valves will default to a position in which at least one master piston is still able to actuate the slave piston and accordingly the valve stem of the valve.
- valve train assembly wherein the hydraulic circuit further comprises an oil supply line, for example engine oil, wherein the oil supply line is hydraulically connected via a first check valve to the
- the hydraulic circuit By connecting the hydraulic circuit to an oil supply line, preferably from the engine itself, the hydraulic circuit will always be filled with sufficient oil to operate
- Still another embodiment of the valve train assembly according to the invention further comprises a number of main rocker arms, each main rocker arm arranged between a
- valve train assembly in combination with the engine, it is beneficial due to packing restrictions to use rocker arms to be able to position the camshaft, master pistons and slave pistons at suitable positions .
- a slave piston actuates two valves .
- Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a drive train according to the invention.
- Figures 2A - 2D schematically show the lift diagram for different positions of the hydraulic valves.
- Figure 1 shows schematically an embodiment of a valve train 1 according to the invention.
- the valve train 1 has a valve 2 with a valve stem 3.
- figure 1 only shows a single valve 2 for clarity, a drive train 1 according to the invention has typically a number of valves 2.
- the valve train 1 has furthermore a camshaft 4, which is shown double in figure 1 for clarity. On said
- the camshaft 4 a first cam 5 and a second cam 6 is arranged.
- the first cam 5 has a cam follower 7 actuating a first piston 8
- the second cam 6 has a cam follower 9 actuating a second piston 10.
- the valve train assembly 1 furthermore has a slave piston 11, which actuates the valve stem 3 of the valve 2.
- the valve train 1 also has two hydraulic valves 12, 13, each with two chambers 14, 15, 16, 17 and a double piston 18, 19 allowing each hydraulic valve 12, 13 to connect the respective master pistons 8, 10 with either the slave piston 11 or an accumulator 20.
- the double pistons 18, 19 are
- solenoid 21, 22 which can be controlled by for example a motor management system.
- a oil supply line 25 is provided, which is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic lines 23, 24 via check valves 26, 27.
- Figure 2A shows the valve lift diagram of the valve 2 in the position of the hydraulic valves 12, 13 as shown in figure 1.
- the first cam 5 actuates the first master piston 8, which is hydraulically connected to the slave piston 11, such that the profile of the first cam 5
- the second master piston 10 is connected via hydraulic valve 13 to the
- valve lift diagram corresponds to the normal operation of the valve 2.
- Figure 2B shows the valve lift diagram, wherein both solenoids 21, 22 are actuated and the second master piston 10 is hydraulically connected to the slave piston 11 and the first master piston 8 is connected to the accumulator 20.
- the cam profile of the second cam 6 dictates in this position the valve lift of the valve 2, corresponding to an two stroke engine brake mode.
- Figure 2C shows the valve lift diagram, wherein only solenoid 22 is actuated and as a result both the first master piston 8 and the second master piston 10 are hydraulically connected to the slave piston 11, such that the cam profiles of the first cam 5 and the second cam 6 are stacked on top of each other resulting in an actuation of the valve 2
- Figure 2D shows the valve lift diagram, wherein only solenoid 21 is actuated and both master pistons 8, 10 are connected to the accumulator 20 effectively disabling the valve 2.
Abstract
The invention relates to a valve train assembly comprising : - a number of valves each having a valve stem; - at least one camshaft; - at least a first and second cam per valve arranged on the at least one camshaft; - first and second cam followers for following corresponding first and second cams; and - a hydraulic circuit comprising: * first and second master pistons, which are actuated by the movement of the corresponding first and second cam followers; * slave pistons arranged to each of the number of valves to actuate the corresponding valve stem; * a hydraulic accumulator; * first and second hydraulic valves, which first valves hydraulically connect the corresponding first master piston selectively with either the corresponding slave piston or the accumulator and which second valves hydraulically connect the corresponding second master piston selectively with either the corresponding slave piston or the accumulator.
Description
Valve train assembly
The invention relates to a valve train assembly comprising :
- a number of valves each having a valve stem;
- at least one camshaft;
- at least a first and second cam per valve arranged on the at least one camshaft;
- first and second cam followers for following corresponding first and second cams.
Such a valve train is known from for example EP 3149295. This publication proposes to provide second cam followers, which can either be locked or unlocked to the corresponding rocker arm, such that timing and lift is determined by either the first or second cam or a combination thereof .
Other techniques are known in the prior art to provide a variable valve actuation to change the timing and lift of the valves while running the engine.
A second technique is providing two differently shaped cams on the cam shaft for each valve and shifting the camshaft axially while running the engine. This allows one to use two different valve timing profiles. For example, one profile to have high power, but also high fuel consumption and emissions, and the other profile for less power, but better fuel consumption and lower emission.
Another technique is to change the phase of the camshaft, such that the lifting of the valves is advanced or delayed .
With the prior art techniques to obtain a variable valve actuation system (VVA) different disadvantages can occur
depending on the chosen technique. Examples of such disadvantages are a lack of space on an existing engine block to mount the prior art valve train assembly, or limited variability of the valve actuation. Another disadvantage of VVA systems with latching mechanism is the presence of mechanical lash. This mechanical lash complicates the
manufacturing of such systems and increases costs.
Furthermore, the lash varies during the lifetime of the engine due to wear, which will affect the performance of the system and the engine.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide an alternative valve train assembly, in which at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art are reduced.
This object is achieved with a valve train assembly according to the preamble, which is characterized by
- a hydraulic circuit comprising:
* first and second master pistons, which are actuated by the movement of the corresponding first and second cam followers;
* slave pistons arranged to each of the number of valves to actuate the corresponding valve stem;
* a hydraulic accumulator;
* first and second hydraulic valves, which first valves hydraulically connect the corresponding first master piston selectively with either the corresponding slave piston or the accumulator and which second valves
hydraulically connect the corresponding second master piston selectively with either the corresponding slave piston or the accumulator .
By using a hydraulic circuit according to the invention, there is no longer a requirement for a direct mechanical link between the cam and the valve stem. With the invention it is possible to arrange the cam shaft at a
completely different position, while still be able to actuate the valve stems, as only the hydraulic lines need to connect a master piston to a slave piston.
With the hydraulic valves the connection between the corresponding master piston and the slave piston can easily be selected. If the hydraulic valve is set in the position, that the corresponding master piston is connected to the
accumulator, then the movement of the master piston imposed by the corresponding cam is absorbed, while if the master piston is connected to the slave piston, the movement imposed by the cam is transferred to the valve stem via the slave piston.
Due to the hydraulic circuit, the imposed movement of two or more cams can easily be combined by switching the hydraulic valves in a position wherein all master pistons are connected to the slave pistons. The number of possible
combinations depends on the number of cams per valve. So, with two cams, there are four possibilities, while with three cams already eight possibilities are provided.
In a preferred embodiment of the valve train
according to the invention the first and second hydraulic valves are electrically actuated. This allows for an motor management controller to actively control the lift and timing of the valves simply by correctly actuating the hydraulic valves .
In another preferred embodiment of the valve train assembly according to the invention the first hydraulic valve connects in non-actuated state the first master piston with the corresponding slave piston, while the second hydraulic valve connects in non-actuated state the second master piston with the hydraulic accumulator.
When a malfunction of the electrically actuated hydraulic valves occurs, the valves will default to a position
in which at least one master piston is still able to actuate the slave piston and accordingly the valve stem of the valve.
Yet another embodiment of the valve train assembly, wherein the hydraulic circuit further comprises an oil supply line, for example engine oil, wherein the oil supply line is hydraulically connected via a first check valve to the
accumulator and is hydraulically connected via second check valves to each of the slave pistons.
By connecting the hydraulic circuit to an oil supply line, preferably from the engine itself, the hydraulic circuit will always be filled with sufficient oil to operate
correctly .
Still another embodiment of the valve train assembly according to the invention further comprises a number of main rocker arms, each main rocker arm arranged between a
corresponding first or second cam follower and a corresponding first or second master piston, and / or are arranged between a corresponding slave piston and a corresponding valve stem.
In some configurations of the valve train assembly in combination with the engine, it is beneficial due to packing restrictions to use rocker arms to be able to position the camshaft, master pistons and slave pistons at suitable positions .
In yet another embodiment of the valve train
assembly according to the invention a slave piston actuates two valves .
These and other features of the invention will be elucidated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a drive train according to the invention.
Figures 2A - 2D schematically show the lift diagram for different positions of the hydraulic valves.
Figure 1 shows schematically an embodiment of a valve train 1 according to the invention. The valve train 1 has a valve 2 with a valve stem 3. Although figure 1 only shows a single valve 2 for clarity, a drive train 1 according to the invention has typically a number of valves 2.
The valve train 1 has furthermore a camshaft 4, which is shown double in figure 1 for clarity. On said
camshaft 4, a first cam 5 and a second cam 6 is arranged. The first cam 5 has a cam follower 7 actuating a first piston 8, while the second cam 6 has a cam follower 9 actuating a second piston 10. The valve train assembly 1 furthermore has a slave piston 11, which actuates the valve stem 3 of the valve 2.
The valve train 1 also has two hydraulic valves 12, 13, each with two chambers 14, 15, 16, 17 and a double piston 18, 19 allowing each hydraulic valve 12, 13 to connect the respective master pistons 8, 10 with either the slave piston 11 or an accumulator 20. The double pistons 18, 19 are
actuated by solenoid 21, 22, which can be controlled by for example a motor management system.
In order to assure that the hydraulic lines 23, 24 are sufficiently supplied with a hydraulic fluid, a oil supply line 25 is provided, which is hydraulically connected to the hydraulic lines 23, 24 via check valves 26, 27.
Figure 2A shows the valve lift diagram of the valve 2 in the position of the hydraulic valves 12, 13 as shown in figure 1. In this position, the first cam 5 actuates the first master piston 8, which is hydraulically connected to the slave piston 11, such that the profile of the first cam 5
corresponds to the valve lift diagram. The second master piston 10 is connected via hydraulic valve 13 to the
accumulator 20, such that the movement of the piston 10 is absorbed. This valve lift diagram corresponds to the normal operation of the valve 2.
Figure 2B shows the valve lift diagram, wherein both solenoids 21, 22 are actuated and the second master piston 10 is hydraulically connected to the slave piston 11 and the first master piston 8 is connected to the accumulator 20. The cam profile of the second cam 6 dictates in this position the valve lift of the valve 2, corresponding to an two stroke engine brake mode.
Figure 2C shows the valve lift diagram, wherein only solenoid 22 is actuated and as a result both the first master piston 8 and the second master piston 10 are hydraulically connected to the slave piston 11, such that the cam profiles of the first cam 5 and the second cam 6 are stacked on top of each other resulting in an actuation of the valve 2
corresponding to a conventional engine brake mode.
Figure 2D shows the valve lift diagram, wherein only solenoid 21 is actuated and both master pistons 8, 10 are connected to the accumulator 20 effectively disabling the valve 2.
1. valve train assembly
2. valve
3. valve stem
4. camshaft
5. first cam
6. second cam
7. first cam follower
8. first master piston
9. second cam follower
10. second master piston
11. slave piston
12. hydraulic valve
13. hydraulic valve
14. chamber
15. chamber
16. chamber
17. chamber
18. double piston
19. double piston
20. accumulator
21. solenoid
22. solenoid
23. hydraulic line
24. hydraulic line
25. oil supply line
26. check valve 27. check valve
Claims
1. Valve train assembly (1) comprising:
- a number of valves (2) each having a valve stem
(3) ;
- at least one camshaft (4);
- at least a first (5) and second cam (6) per valve 2) arranged on the at least one camshaft (4);
- first (7) and second (9) cam followers for following corresponding first (5) and second (6) cams;
characterized by
- a hydraulic circuit comprising:
* first (8) and second (10) master pistons, which are actuated by the movement of the corresponding first (7) and second (9) cam followers;
* slave pistons (11) arranged to each of the number of valves (2) to actuate the corresponding valve stem (3) ;
* a hydraulic accumulator (20);
* first (12) and second (13) hydraulic valves, which first valves (12) hydraulically connect the
corresponding first master piston (8) selectively with either the corresponding slave piston (11) or the accumulator (20) and which second valves (13) hydraulically connect the corresponding second master piston (10) selectively with either the corresponding slave piston (11) or the accumulator (20) .
2. Valve train assembly (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first (12) and second (13) hydraulic valves are electrically actuated.
3. Valve train assembly according to claim 2, wherein the first hydraulic valve (12) connects in non- actuated state the first master piston (8) with the
corresponding slave piston (11), while the second hydraulic valve (13) connects in non-actuated state the second master piston (10) with the hydraulic accumulator (20) .
4. Valve train assembly (1), wherein the hydraulic circuit further comprises an oil supply line (25) , for example engine oil, wherein the oil supply line (25) is hydraulically connected via a first check valve (26) to the accumulator (20) and is hydraulically connected via second check valves (27) to each of the slave pistons (11) .
5. Valve train assembly (1) according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a number of main rocker arms, each main rocker arm arranged between a corresponding first (7) or second (9) cam follower and a corresponding first (8) or second (10) master piston, and / or are arranged between a corresponding slave piston (11) and a corresponding valve stem (3) .
6. Valve train assembly (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a slave piston (11) actuates two valves .
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1718015.9 | 2017-11-01 | ||
GB1718015.9A GB2568044A (en) | 2017-11-01 | 2017-11-01 | Valve train assembly |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2019086492A1 true WO2019086492A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 |
Family
ID=60580049
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2018/079768 WO2019086492A1 (en) | 2017-11-01 | 2018-10-30 | Valve train assembly |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2568044A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019086492A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN115013108A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-09-06 | 山东大学 | Internal combustion engine hydraulic valve mechanism with variable opening times |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2608166A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-12-28 | Mechadyne Int Ltd | Cam switching mechanism |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59224411A (en) * | 1983-06-02 | 1984-12-17 | Mitsuwa Seiki Co Ltd | Valve opening and closing device |
WO2000031385A1 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-06-02 | Diesel Engine Retarders, Inc. | Internal combustion engine with combined cam and electro-hydraulic engine valve control |
US6267098B1 (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 2001-07-31 | Diesel Engine Retarders, Inc. | Valve operating system having full authority lost motion |
US20090064955A1 (en) * | 2007-09-08 | 2009-03-12 | Schaeffler Kg | Valve control for reciprocating piston internal combustion engine |
EP3184778A1 (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-28 | C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni | System for variable actuation of a valve of an internal-combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2986558B1 (en) * | 2012-02-02 | 2014-03-07 | Melchior Jean F | DEVICE FOR VARIABLY CONTROLLING AT LEAST ONE VALVE, FOR EXAMPLE FOR AN ALTERNATIVE ENGINE |
DE102012214645A1 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2014-02-20 | Mahle International Gmbh | Internal combustion engine installed in commercial vehicle, has hydraulic actuator that is provided with pistons that are provided for moving valve that is controlled using rotating cam shafts |
WO2015167412A1 (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-11-05 | Ford Otomotiv Sanayi Anonim Sirketi | Valve timing system |
-
2017
- 2017-11-01 GB GB1718015.9A patent/GB2568044A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-10-30 WO PCT/EP2018/079768 patent/WO2019086492A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59224411A (en) * | 1983-06-02 | 1984-12-17 | Mitsuwa Seiki Co Ltd | Valve opening and closing device |
US6267098B1 (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 2001-07-31 | Diesel Engine Retarders, Inc. | Valve operating system having full authority lost motion |
WO2000031385A1 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-06-02 | Diesel Engine Retarders, Inc. | Internal combustion engine with combined cam and electro-hydraulic engine valve control |
US20090064955A1 (en) * | 2007-09-08 | 2009-03-12 | Schaeffler Kg | Valve control for reciprocating piston internal combustion engine |
EP3184778A1 (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-28 | C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni | System for variable actuation of a valve of an internal-combustion engine |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN115013108A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-09-06 | 山东大学 | Internal combustion engine hydraulic valve mechanism with variable opening times |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2568044A (en) | 2019-05-08 |
GB201718015D0 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
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