WO2019086197A1

WO2019086197A1 - System and method for charging electric vehicles

Info

Publication number: WO2019086197A1
Application number: PCT/EP2018/077040
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sami Barbouchi; Jacques LENGLET; Laurent Fabre; François PARNIERE; Vincent Pichon
Original assignee: Electricite De France
Priority date: 2017-11-03
Filing date: 2018-10-04
Publication date: 2019-05-09
Also published as: FR3073338A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for charging electric vehicles via a plurality of connection points (9, 11, 13) of at least one charging station (B1, B2) powered by a source of electrical energy (3), each connection point (9, 11, 13) being suitable for connection to an electric vehicle for the charging of said electric vehicle, said method comprising: for each electric vehicle connected to a connection point, determining an electrical power to be supplied to the electric vehicle in question via the corresponding connection point according to a type of said connection point from a variety of possible types; and for each electric vehicle for which an electrical power to be supplied has been determined, supplying said electric power via said connection point.

Description

System and method for recharging electric vehicles

The field of the invention relates to systems and methods for charging electric vehicles with electrical energy. Issues related to the protection of the environment and the limitation of carbon dioxide emissions have led to the development of electric vehicles. The operation of these electric vehicles is based on a propulsion provided in whole or in part by at least one electric motor. Electric motor vehicles have a lower autonomy than combustion and combustion engine vehicles and therefore require regular charging.

Today, the provision of charging stations for recharging electric vehicles poses a number of problems including the use of infrastructure including multiple charging stations and able to provide the electric power necessary for electric vehicles. Indeed, a certain number of constraints weigh then on these infrastructures, for example because of the necessity or a wish by a user to recharge more or less quickly an electric vehicle, the use of catches of different natures, etc. , all these elements being part of the need to ensure the recharging needs of different vehicles simultaneously given the power supply capacity and electrical power of these infrastructures.

The present invention improves the situation.

For this purpose, it is proposed a method of recharging electric vehicles by a plurality of sockets of at least one charging station powered by a source of electrical energy, each socket being adapted to be connected to an electric vehicle for recharging. said electric vehicle, the method comprising: for each electric vehicle connected to a socket, determining an electrical power to be supplied to the electric vehicle considered by the corresponding socket according to a type of said one of a set of possible types, for each electric vehicle for which an electrical power to be supplied has been determined, supplying said power with said plug.

According to one aspect of the invention, the set of plug types comprises a first and a second modular type and a non-modulable type, a socket of the first type and a socket of the second modular type being adapted to power an electric vehicle according to an electric power between a minimum value and a maximum value, and a non-modulable type socket being adapted to power an electric vehicle according to a single electric power value.

According to one aspect of the invention, the electric power source is adapted to provide a maximum electrical power, the determination of the electric power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket comprises the determination of a maximum theoretical electrical power that can be supplied at each take of the second modulable type or the non-modulable type as follows:

where: o PTH is the theoretical maximum electrical power

o PMAX is the maximum electrical power that can be supplied by the source of electrical energy,

o N _ljt0b N _2jtot5 N _3jtot are respectively the total number of modulable first type, second modulable type and non-modulable type plugs connected to an electric vehicle, and

o Mi is the maximum value of the electric power that can be provided by a plug of the first modulable type.

According to one aspect of the invention, the method further comprises determining an electric power necessary for the operation of each charging terminal comprising at least one plug connected to an electric vehicle, as follows:

Pfonc.i = N * M ₁ + N _2ii * max (P _TH , L ₂ ) + N ₃ , i * M ₃ or: o Pfonc _, i is the electrical power necessary for the operation of the refill terminal of index i,

o Ny, N _2j i and N _3j i are respectively the number of modulable first type, modulable second type and non-modulable type of the index charging terminal i connected to an electric vehicle,

o

is the minimum value of the electrical power that can be provided by a socket of the second modular type and

o M ₃ is the only value of the electrical power that can be supplied by a non-modulable type socket.

According to one aspect of the invention, each charging terminal is respectively arranged to receive a maximum electrical power from the source of electrical energy, and the method comprises, subsequent to the determination of the electrical power necessary for the operation of each charging station. , the determination of an effective electric power to be supplied to each charging station defined as follows:

OR :

o P _e ff _, i is the effective electric power to be supplied to the charging station of index i, and

o P _m ax, i is the maximum electrical power that can be received by the charging station with index i.

According to one aspect of the invention, when no non-modulable type plug is connected, the electrical power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of a charging station is determined as follows:

Pi, i = M ₁

or :

o is the electrical power to be supplied by each plug of first modular type connected to an electric vehicle, and o P _2j i is the electrical power to be supplied by each plug of second adjustable type connected to an electric vehicle.

According to one aspect of the invention, when at least one non-modulable tap is connected, the method comprises determining a maximum electric power expected by each charging terminal defined as follows:

Patt, i = N _u * M ₁ + (N _{2> i} + N _{3> i} ) * P _TH where P _att, i is the maximum electrical power expected by the refill terminal of index i.

According to one aspect of the invention, the method comprises determining, for each charging terminal, a remaining electrical power defined as follows:

Persistently, i ^~ Patt, i ^~ Peff, where P _rest, i is the remaining electrical power of the index charging terminal i, then, checking a condition defined as follows:

Perst, i 0

According to one aspect of the invention, when the condition is not verified, the electrical power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of a charging station is determined as follows:

Pi, i = M ₁ P _{2 i} = max (P _TH , L ₂ ) +

^N 2, i

Ps, i = M ₃

where: o Py is the electrical power to be supplied by each plug of the first modular type connected to an electric vehicle, o P _2j i is the electrical power to be supplied by each plug of second adjustable type connected to an electric vehicle, and

o P _3j i is the electrical power to be supplied by each non-modulable type plug connected to an electric vehicle.

According to one aspect of the invention, when the condition is verified and when a single non-modulable type plug is connected, the electric power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of a charging station is determined as follows :

Pi, i = M ₁ P _{2 i} = max (P _TH , L ₂ ) + ¾

^N 2, i

Ps, i = M ₃

where: o is the electrical power to be supplied by each plug of the first modular type connected to an electric vehicle,

o P _2j i is the electrical power to be supplied by each plug of second adjustable type connected to an electric vehicle, and

According to one aspect of the invention, when the condition is satisfied and when at least two non-modulable type sockets are connected to an electric vehicle, the method includes updating the value of the remaining electrical power for each terminal. , said update being implemented as follows:

P rest.i ⁼ Prest.i + K * M ₃

or :

o P'rest _, i is the updated value of the remaining electrical power for a charging station of index i, and

o K is the smallest natural integer less than N _3j i such that:

P rest.i - 0 then, the electric power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of a charging station is determined as follows:

Pi, i = M ₁

P '

P = max (P _TH , L ₂ ) + ^{r <} ~ ^st ' ¹

^N 2, i

Ps, i = M ₃

o P _2, i is the electrical power to be provided by each plug of second adjustable type connected to an electric vehicle, and

o P _3j i is the electrical power to be supplied respectively by a number N _2j i - K of non - modulable type plug connected to an electric vehicle.

According to one aspect of the invention, the supply of electric power to electric vehicles for which electrical power has been determined comprises a standby K type non-modulable plugs connected to an electric vehicle implemented on at least one predetermined period of time so that a number K of non-modulable type sockets are put into sleep at each predetermined period of time.

According to one aspect of the invention, a socket of the first modular type is a three-phase socket adapted to deliver a three-phase electric current, a socket of the second modular type is a single-phase socket adapted to deliver a single-phase electric current, and a non-type socket -modulable is a socket for domestic use.

According to one aspect of the invention, wherein the determination of the charge to be provided to each electric vehicle connected to a socket is implemented after a predetermined period of time consecutive to the connection of a first electric vehicle.

The invention is furthermore directed to a computer program characterized in that it includes instructions for implementing the method described above, when this program is executed by at least one processor The invention finally relates to a charging system for electric vehicles comprising: a source of electrical energy,

a plurality of sockets of at least one recharge terminal arranged to be supplied with electrical energy by the source of electrical energy, each socket being adapted to be connected to an electric vehicle for recharging said electric vehicle, and

a supervision module configured to determine, for each electric vehicle connected to a socket, an electric power to be supplied to the electric vehicle considered by the corresponding socket according to a type of said socket, for the purpose of the actual supply by said plug of said electric power to the corresponding electric vehicle.

Other features, details and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description below, and on the analysis of the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 illustrates a system according to the invention; - Figure 2 illustrates a charging method of electric vehicles according to the invention; and

FIG. 3 illustrates a step of the method of FIG. 2 for determining an electric power to be supplied to an electric vehicle connected to a socket of a charging terminal of the system of FIG. 1. FIG. 1 illustrates a system 1. System 1 is configured to recharge electrical energy from electric vehicles. The system 1 is for example arranged near or within a parking lot. The system 1 is then for example configured to charge electric vehicles parked on the parking lot.

The system 1 is for example designed to recharge electric energy electric vehicles in a so-called "fast" charging mode, corresponding to a recharge time of between about 30 minutes and 2 hours. The term "fast charging method" mentioned here refers to the standard NF EN 62196-3. The system 1 can be further arranged to recharge electrical energy electric vehicles in a so-called "normal" charging mode, corresponding to a charging time of between about 3 and 8 hours. The term "normal charging mode" mentioned here refers to the standard NF EN 62196-2. We understand that a driver wishing to park briefly can choose the mode of recharging said "fast" to recharge its electric vehicle. Conversely, a driver wishing to park for a long time can choose the charging mode said "normal" to recharge his electric vehicle.

The system 1 is optionally also configured to recharge electric energy electrical equipment other than electric vehicles.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the system 1 comprises an electric power source 3, at least one recharging terminal, here two charging terminals Bi and B ₂ , and a supervision module 5. Optionally, it also comprises minus a selective power interruption device 7, hereinafter device 7. The electric power source 3 is arranged to supply the charging terminal or terminals with electrical energy. More specifically, the electric power source 3 is arranged to provide an electric power to each charging terminal. The electric power supplied by the electric power source 3 may be different from one charging station to another depending on the needs of each. The electrical power source 3 is for example a General Low Voltage Table (also known by the acronym TGBT). It will be understood that the source of electrical energy 3 is, for example, an interface between an electrical energy distribution network and the charging stations. The electric power source 3 is for example arranged to provide a predetermined maximum electrical power PMAX- The predetermined maximum electrical power PMAX is for example of the order of 70 kW. Nevertheless, the predetermined maximum electrical power PMAX may be less than or greater than 70 kW.

The electrical power source 3 is connected to the charging terminals via a plurality of conductors.

For example, each terminal is connected to the source 3 via at least one power conductor, in this case at least one phase conductor and one neutral conductor. For example, three phase conductors and a neutral conductor are employed in the case of a three-phase power supply of the terminal in question, or alternatively a phase conductor and a neutral conductor are employed in the case of single-phase power supply. The device 7 is configured to selectively allow or prevent the passage of an electric current in the system 1 or in a part of the system 1.

In other words, it is configured to selectively allow or prevent the passage of electrical energy into the associated portion of the system. Advantageously, the device 7 is formed by or comprises a contactor arranged to selectively open and close one or more electric power conductors.

For example, the device 7 is arranged to thereby control the opening and closing of the conductors associated with a given terminal, or a plurality of them.

Note that the system may comprise a plurality of such devices 7. In a given embodiment, at least one device 7 is internal to one of the terminals, and is adapted to control the opening and closing of conductors serving all or part of taken from the terminal in question. These catches are described below.

Each charging station, sometimes called a "box" in the literature, is designed to effectively recharge one or more electric vehicles with electrical energy from the electrical energy from the electrical power source 3.

As for the electric power source 3, it is understood here that the electric power supply of an electric vehicle results in the supply to the latter of an electric power during the duration of the load.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the system 1 comprises a first charging terminal Bi and a second charging terminal B ₂ . In one or more embodiments, the system 1 may comprise a single charging station or more than two charging stations.

In the following, the charging stations are indexed by an index i.

Each charging terminal is arranged to receive a maximum electrical power from the source of electrical energy 3. The maximum electrical power that can receive a charging terminal from the source 3 is noted P _max> i where i indexes the terminal considered. Here, the first charging terminal Bi is arranged to receive a maximum electrical power P _{max> 1} by the electric power source 3 and the second charging terminal B ₂ is arranged to receive a maximum electrical power P _{max> 2} by the source of electrical energy 3. This power is for example of the order of 44 kW. Nevertheless, the maximum electrical power that a charging station can receive may be less than or greater than 44 kW.

Each charging station has at least one electrical outlet, sometimes referred to as the charging point. Each outlet, which is simply called "taken" in the rest of the description, is schematically illustrated in FIG.

In the example developed here, the first and the second electrical terminal respectively comprise five outlets.

A socket is arranged to supply electrical energy to an electric vehicle connected to the test in question. It is understood here that a charging station can therefore recharge several electric vehicles via several outlets.

As explained above, each charging station has several outlets for recharging electric vehicles. Nevertheless, these outlets can be distinct and have different functionalities. In particular here, each tap is characterized by a type belonging to a set of tap types. Such distinctions and differences are explained below.

A jack of first type adjustable, here referenced 9, is a plug adapted to power an electric vehicle according to a regulated electric power between a minimum value Li and a maximum value M _\ . By regulated, it is meant that the electrical power is modifiable between Li and Mi values typically continuously. In other words, the power can take any value between these two values, as opposed to a configuration in which the power supplied is either Li or Mi.

In the context of the invention, such a type is considered to have priority over the other types of taps detailed in the following description.

In the context of the invention, the plug 9 of the first modular type is suitable for the so-called "fast" charging mode of an electric vehicle. For example, the socket 9 is a socket adapted to deliver a three-phase electric current.

The maximum value Mi of electrical power that can provide a socket 9 of the first type adjustable is for example of the order of 22 kW. The minimum value Li of electric power that can provide a plug 9 of the first modular type is for example slightly greater than 0 kW. In the example described here, the first charging station comprises a plug 9 of the first type that can be modulated. Conversely, the second charging terminal B ₂ does not include any plug 9 of the first type that can be modulated.

A plug of second adjustable type, here referenced 11, is a socket adapted to power an electric vehicle with a regulated electric power between a minimum value L ₂ and a maximum value M ₂ . In the context of the invention and as explained above, the first modulable type is considered to have priority over the second modulable type. Nevertheless, the second modulable type has priority over any other type of outlet than the modulable first type plugs. Advantageously, a plug 11 of the second modular type will provide the electric vehicle to which it is connected electrical power advantageously equal to or slightly less than the maximum value M ₂ . However, insofar as the tap can be modulated, this electric power can take any value between these minimum and maximum values L ₂ , M ₂ .

In the context of the invention, the plug 11 of the second modular type is adapted for the so-called "normal" charging mode of an electric vehicle. For example, the socket 11 is a single-phase socket adapted to deliver a single-phase electric current.

The maximum value M ₂ of electrical power that can provide a plug 11 of the second modular type is for example of the order of 7 kW. The minimum value L ₂ of electric power that can provide a plug 11 of the second type adjustable is for example of the order of 1 kW.

In the example described here, the first charging terminal Bi comprises three sockets 11 of the second adjustable type. The second charging station B ₂ comprises two sockets 11 of the second type that can be modulated.

A non-modulable type socket, here referenced 13, is a socket adapted to power an electric vehicle according to a single value of electric power M ₃ . In other words, a non-modulable type socket 13 is in an "all or nothing" mode of operation, that is to say that the non-zero electrical power that such a socket 13 can provide to recharge an electric vehicle can only take one value, here the value M ₃ . By "a single value", it is understood here that in an ideal mode of operation, a non-modulable type socket 13 can not recharge an electric vehicle other than a single value. Nevertheless, those skilled in the art will understand here that a plug 13 of the non-modulable type provides an electrical power whose value is approximately equal to M ₃ , and preferably equal to M ₃ .

As previously explained, the plugs of the first type that can be modulated or of the second type that can be modulated are adapted, in the context of the invention, for recharging electric vehicles. A plug 13 of the non-modulable type can be adapted further for charging electrical equipment other than electric vehicles. As explained above, the first and the second adjustable types have priority over the non-modulable type. A plug 13 of the non-modulable type is for example a socket for home use. By "domestic use", it is understood here that such a plug is adapted for the supply of electrical energy electrical equipment, not just electric vehicles.

The value M ₃ of electrical power that can provide a plug 13 of non-modulable type is for example of the order of 2.3 kW.

In the example described here, the first charging terminal Bi comprises a plug 13 of the non-modulable type. The second terminal B ₂ comprises three catches 13 of non-modulable type.

Still with reference to FIG. 1, the supervision module 5 is configured to determine the electric power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of a charging station. More specifically here, the supervision module 5 is configured to determine the electrical power to be supplied to each electric vehicle according to the type of the outlet to which each electric vehicle is respectively connected for the actual supply of the determined electrical power to the vehicle corresponding electric. In other words, the supervision module 5 is configured to determine the electrical power to be supplied respectively to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of a charging station according to the type of the socket. Note that this determination is furthermore advantageously conducted according to the need or not the vehicles connected to the plugs to be recharged.

In other words, in addition to taking into account the type of outlet, it also takes into account the fact that a given vehicle can be connected while not needing to be recharged, typically if its load is completed and that he is still connected. In such a case, advantageously, the power determined for these vehicles is zero.

In what follows, it is considered that connected vehicles do indeed need to be recharged.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the supervision module 5 is in communication with the electric power source 3 and the charging station or terminals.

In the example described here, the supervision module 5 is a separate module separate from the charging station or terminals and from the electrical power source 3. Nevertheless, in one or more embodiments, all or part of the supervision module 5 is included in the source of electrical energy and / or in one or more charging stations.

The supervision module 5 comprises a memory 15 and a processor 17.

The memory 15 is configured to store data and programs whose execution by the processor 17 results in the operation of the supervision module 5.

In particular, it contains instructions whose execution by the processor 17 results in the implementation of the electric vehicle charging method according to the invention, and described below.

The processor 17 is configured to execute instructions for the operation of the module 5.

Note that the term "processor" is used broadly here to denote any device or data processing component stored in the memory 15.

The charging method of electric vehicles will now be described with reference to Figures, in particular 2 and 3.

During an initial step SI, one (or more) electric vehicle is connected to a socket of a charging station of the system. The plug is of first modulable type, of second modulable type or non-modulable type.

During a second step S2, which optionally intervenes after a predetermined lapse of time after detecting the connection of the vehicle (s), or conversely to a predetermined instant independent of this connection, the supervision module 5 determines the electrical power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of the system 1.

More particularly here, the supervision module 5 determines the electrical power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to the system 1 according to the type of outlet to which each electric vehicle is respectively connected. Once determined, these powers are for example supplied to the corresponding terminals for implementation for recharging electric vehicles. This second step S2 for determining the electrical power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket will be described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 3. In a third step S3, each plug connected to an electric vehicle provides the electrical power determined for this electric vehicle in the second step S2 from the electrical energy from the source of electrical power 3. The electrical power is routed at each take by the power conductors described above. Optionally, the electrical energy supplied to each recharging terminal is converted or limited so that the electric power actually supplied by a given outlet corresponds to the power determined by the supervision module 5 when the power is supplied to the charging station. step S2. This conversion and / or limitation is optionally implemented by a converter, for example of the buck, boost, or buck-boost type (for step-up, step-down or step-up converter respectively) located for example in the corresponding terminal.

Note that the sequence of steps S2 and S3 is for example implemented each time a vehicle is connected and / or disconnected from the system, so that the power supplied by each socket for recharging vehicles is updated to every event of this nature impacting the system. Alternatively or in parallel, it is implemented at regular intervals.

With regard to the detail of step S2, with reference to FIG. 3, during a first operation T1, the supervision module 5 determines a theoretical maximum electrical power PTH that can be supplied at each tap of the first modulable type or non-modulable type. The theoretical maximum electrical power PTH is advantageously determined by the following relation: P Mi AX-N- l.tot * M ₁

P, TH

N 2-, tO t 3, tO t where:

PMAX is the maximum electrical power that can be supplied by the power source,

N _ljto t, N ₂ , tot, N _3jto t are respectively the total number of modulable first type, modulable second type and non-modulable type plugs connected to an electric vehicle, and

Mi is the maximum value of the electrical power that can be provided by a plug of the first modulable type.

As previously explained, the first modulable type takes precedence over the second modulable type and the non-modulable type. Thus, the theoretical maximum electrical power P _TH is determined so that all modulable first type taps can receive the maximum value Mi of electrical power.

In a second operation T2, the supervision module 5 determines a necessary electrical power P _fon c _, i the operation of each charging terminal B; comprising at least one plug connected to an electric vehicle. In the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the system 1 comprises a first and a second charging terminal Bi, B ₂ . It is thus clear that, if at least one electric vehicle is connected to a socket of the first terminal Bi and at least one electric vehicle is connected to a socket of the second terminal B ₂ , then the supervision module 5 determines a necessary electrical power _his P _c, i the operation of the charging station Bi, and an electric power required P _fun c, ₂ the operation of the charging station B _2. For a given terminal Bi, the necessary electrical power P _fon c, i to the operation of the recharging terminal Bi is advantageously determined by the following relation:

Pfonc.i = N * M ₁ + N _2ii * max (P _TH , L ₂ ) + N _{3> i} * M ₃ where: o N1, N _2j i and N _3j i are respectively the number of catches of first modulable type , second modular type and non-modulable type of the charging terminal B; connected to an electric vehicle, and o M ₃ is the only electrical power value that can be supplied by a non-modulable type socket.

During this second operation T2, the supervision module 5 thus determines the maximum power to be actually supplied to each charging terminal by taking into account the constraints specific to each decision. In particular, and as explained above, a non-modulable type of plug provides a single electric power value M ₃ for charging an electric vehicle. The determination of Ρχπ also takes into account the fact that catches of the first type that can be modulated have priority over catches of another type. In addition, the power supplied by a plug of the second modulable type can not be less than the minimum value L ₂ .

As explained above, each charging terminal Bj is respectively arranged to receive a maximum electrical power P _max> i by the electric power source 3. The first charging terminal Bi is arranged to receive a maximum electrical power P _max .i by the electric power source 3. The second charging terminal B ₂ is arranged to receive a maximum electrical power P _{max> 2} by the electric power source 3.

In a third operation T3, the supervision module 5 determines, following the determination of the necessary electrical power P _fonc , i the operation of each charging terminal B _; an effective electric power P ^ y to be supplied to each charging terminal B; taking into account the constraints specific to charging stations B; The effective electric power P _eff i to be supplied to each charging terminal Bj is determined as a function of the necessary electrical power P _fonc , i and of the maximum electrical power P _max> i. The effective electric power P ^ y is advantageously determined by the following relation:

OR :

o P _eff, i is the effective electric power to be supplied to the charging terminal Bj, and where P _max , i is the maximum electrical power that can be received by the charging terminal B;

In a fourth operation T4, the supervision module 5 checks, for each charging terminal Bj, whether an electric vehicle is connected to a non-modulable type socket of the charging station considered. In other words, the supervision module 5 checks for each charging terminal Bj if:

In a fifth operation T5, if no electric vehicle is connected to a non-modulable type socket of a charging terminal B _; , the supervision module 5 determines the electrical power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of the charging terminal Bj as a function of the effective electrical power P _eff, i, of the maximum value Mi of power of a power supply. first modulable type and the respective number Ny and N _2, i sockets of the first modular type and second type adjustable connected to an electric vehicle. Advantageously, the electric power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of the charging terminal Bj is determined as follows:

Pi, i = M ₁

or :

o is the electrical power to be supplied by each plug of first modular type connected to an electric vehicle, and

o P _2j i is the electrical power to be supplied by each plug of second adjustable type connected to an electric vehicle.

Conversely, in a sixth step S6, if at least one electric vehicle is connected to a non-modulable type socket of a charging terminal Bj, the supervision module 5 determines a maximum expected electrical power P _ATTJI by each charging station B; The expected maximum electric power P _ATTJI is determined as a function of the theoretical maximum electrical power P _TH , the maximum value Mi of power of a first modulable tap and the respective number Ny, N _2j i and N3 of first taps modular type, second type adjustable and non-modulable type connected to an electric vehicle. Advantageously, the maximum expected electrical power P _ATTJI is defined as follows:

Patt, i = N * M ₁ + {N _u + N _{3> i} ) * P _TH where P _attj i is the maximum electrical power expected by the charging terminal Bj. During this sixth operation T6, the maximum power that the electric power source 3 can supply to each charging terminal independently of the constraints inherent in the operation of the non-modulable type of outlets is thus determined. Indeed, as explained in the previous relationship, the expected maximum electrical power P _attj i is calculated as if a non-modulable type of receptacle could receive and then provide the theoretical maximum electrical power P _TH to the electric vehicle to which it is connected.

In a seventh operation T7, the supervision module 5 determines, for each charging terminal Bj, whether the maximum expected electric power P _attj i that the electric power source 3 can provide to a charging terminal B; is sufficient to provide the necessary electrical power for each electric vehicle connected to a terminal B receptacle;

The supervision module 5 thus determines a remaining electrical power P _rest, i characterizing the surplus or the deficiency in electrical power for each charging terminal B; The remaining electric power P _res _t, i of a charging station B; is determined according to the maximum electrical power expected by the P _attji by the charging terminal B; and the effective electric power P _e _ff, i. Advantageously, the remaining electrical power Pers, i is defined as follows:

Perst, i ^~ Patt, i ^~ Peff, i

Still during the seventh operation T6, the supervision module 5 determines, for each charging terminal B, if there is a surplus or a deficiency of electrical power. In other words, the supervision module 5 checks whether the following condition is verified or not:

Perst, i 0

In an eighth operation T8, when the condition is not verified for a charging terminal Bj, namely:

Perst, i ^ 0

We then have for this charging station B;

Patt, i> Peff.i In other words, the electric power source 3 can therefore provide this charging terminal Bj with sufficient electrical power to power and charge all the electric vehicles connected to a socket of the charging terminal B; considered. The supervision module 5 determines the electrical power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of the charging terminal Bj as a function of the remaining electric power Pers, i, of the maximum value Mi of electrical power of a socket of first modulable type, the minimum value L ₂ of electrical power of a socket of the second modulable type, the value M ₃ of electrical power of a non-modulable type socket, the theoretical maximum electrical power PTH and the number N _{2 j} i modular second type plugs connected to an electric vehicle. Advantageously, the electric power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of the terminal B; is determined as follows:

Pi, i = M ₁ P _{2 i} = max (P _TH , L ₂ ) + ¾

- < ^V 2, i

Ps, i = M ₃

It will be understood here that the priority given to the modulable first type taps is respected since each receives the electrical power with a maximum value Mi. In addition, the constraint on non-modulable type of plugs is respected, and each electric vehicle connected to a non-modulable type socket receives an electrical power of a value equal to M. Finally, the plugs of the second type that can be modulated can provide more than the theoretical maximum electrical power by sharing the surplus electrical power that the source of electric power can provide to the charging station considered. This surplus of electrical power corresponds exactly here to the following quantity: ^" rest, i

In the example described here, the surplus electrical power is distributed in equal amounts between the different terminals of the second modulable type. Nevertheless, in one or more embodiments, the remaining electrical power P _res t, i is distributed between the different modulable second type taps according to a weighting coefficient specific to each tap. Conversely, in a ninth operation T9, when the condition is verified for a charging terminal B _; we then have:

Patt, i <^ eff

In other words, there is a lack of electrical power since the effective electrical power required P _eff , i to the operation of the charging terminal Bj is greater than the maximum expected electric power that can provide the source of electrical power 3 at charging station B; considered.

In such a case, it may be necessary, during the supply of electric power to electric vehicles during step S3 to alternately recharge the electric vehicles connected to a non-modulable type socket. In other words, it introduces a recharge cycle within a charging station B; by simultaneously charging electric energy only a portion of the electric vehicles connected to a non-modulable type socket.

Nevertheless, such a cycle is only of interest if the number of electric vehicles connected to a non-modulable type of tap is strictly greater than 1. The supervision module 5 thus determines, during the ninth operation T9, whether such a condition is checked. It is therefore clear that the supervision module 5 determines whether the following condition is satisfied for a charging terminal Bj:

¾i> 1 where N _3j i is the number of non-modulable plugs connected to an electric vehicle. In a tenth operation T10, if the preceding condition is not satisfied, namely that the number of non-modulable type plugs connected to an electric vehicle is equal to 1, no recharge cycle can be implemented between the non-modulable type sockets at the charging terminal B _; .

The supervision module 5 then determines the electrical power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of the charging terminal Bj as a function of the remaining electrical power P _rest, i, of the maximum value Mi of electrical power of a socket of modulable first type, of the minimum value L ₂ of electric power of a plug of second adjustable type, the value M ₃ of electrical power of a non-modulable type of plug, the theoretical maximum electrical power PTH and the number N _2, i of modular second type plugs connected to an electric vehicle. Advantageously, the electric power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of the terminal B; is determined as follows:

Pi, i = M ₁ P _{2 i} = max (P _TH , L ₂ ) + ¾

^N 2, i

Ps, i = M ₃

Since no cycle is possible on the non-modulable type of taps at the charging terminal B, there is therefore a lack of electrical power. This deficiency in electrical power is shared between the sockets of the second modular type which receive, then supply, a lower electric power than the maximum theoretical electrical power PTH- More specifically, the electric power received and then supplied by a power supply. second modulable type is smaller than the maximum electrical power (PiH, L ₂ ) of the following quantity:, i

Conversely, if the number of non-modulable type plugs connected to an electric vehicle is strictly greater than 1, a charging cycle of electric vehicles connected to a non-modulable type socket can be implemented.

A processing loop one iteration of which updates the remaining electrical power P _restji can be implemented in one or more embodiments of the proposed method. This processing loop, implemented by the supervision module 5, makes it possible to determine, for a charging terminal Bj, the number of non-modulable sockets in standby during a power supply cycle, and therefore the number non-modulable type of receptor receiving and providing electrical power during this same cycle.

This treatment loop thus makes it possible to increase the remaining electrical power P _rest, i and thus to ensure the provision of electrical power of the second type of modular taps.

The proposed method illustrated in FIG. 3 thus performs an iterative loop, each iteration of the loop performing an update and more exactly an increase in the remaining electrical power P _rest, i for a charging terminal Bj. in Figure 3, the loop traverses a set of cycles by means of an index K initialized to 0 during an eleventh operation T1.

As long as the remaining electrical power P remains _, i is not sufficient to provide at least the electric power of minimum value L ₂ to the electric vehicles connected to such sockets, the loop is iterated. In other words, as long as the following condition is not satisfied during a twelfth operation T12:

P 'rest, i - 0 the index K is incremented during a thirteenth operation T13. Likewise, the remaining power is updated as follows according to the index K:

P rest.i- Presti.i + K * M ₃ where P ' _re st, i is the updated value of the remaining electrical power for a charging terminal B _; .

During a fourteenth operation T14 when the condition of the twelfth operation T 12 is verified and when at least two non-modulable type sockets are connected to an electric vehicle, the supervision module 5 then determines the electrical power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of the charging terminal B; according to the remaining electric power P _restji after possible updating, of the maximum value Mi of electrical power of a plug of first modulable type, the minimum value L ₂ of electric power of a plug of second type adjustable, the electrical power value M ₃ of a non-modulable type of power supply, the theoretical maximum electrical power P _TH and the number N _2j i of modulable second type plugs connected to an electric vehicle. Advantageously, the electric power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a terminal of the terminal Bi is determined as follows:

Pi, i = M ₁

P '

P = max (P _TH , L ₂ ) + ^{r <} ~ ^st ' ¹

^N 2, i

Ps, i = M ₃

On the other hand, the index K determined at the end of the process corresponds to the number of electric vehicles connected to a non-modulable type of charging which is not recharged during the duration of a recharge cycle. It is therefore understood that, for a charging station B, the number of electric vehicles connected to a non-modulable type of charging which is recharged during a recharging cycle is: During the third step S3, it is therefore understood that the supply of electrical power to electric vehicles for which electrical power has been determined includes a standby K non-modulable type of plugs connected to an electric vehicle implemented on at least one cycle of a predetermined duration so that a number K of catches of the non-modulable type are paused at each cycle.

Typically, the duration of a cycle is about ten minutes. Nevertheless, a cycle may have a duration of less than or greater than ten minutes.

The invention has several advantages.

First of all, the method proposed here makes it possible to optimize the charging of electric vehicles, for example in a parking lot, taking into account the needs and constraints of each driver. Indeed, the method of recharging electric vehicles adapts to the parking time of each electric vehicle.

In addition, the proposed method and system make it possible to answer the problem of dimensioning infrastructures dedicated to the charging of electric vehicles. In particular, the system described here makes it possible to centralize, via the supervision module, the electrical energy requirements of the various charging stations in order to determine the best distribution solution of the electrical power.

Finally, the implementation of a charging cycle for electric vehicles connected to a non-modulable type socket allows optimized operation of the system even when the electrical power requirements of electric vehicles are higher than the energy source. electric can provide.

Claims

Claims:

A method of recharging electric vehicles by a plurality of sockets (9, 11, 13) of at least one charging terminal (B _1; B ₂ ) supplied by a source of electrical power (3), each socket being adapted to be connected to an electric vehicle for recharging said electric vehicle, the method comprising:

for each electric vehicle connected to a socket, determine (S ₂ ) an electrical power to be supplied to the electric vehicle considered by the corresponding socket according to a type of said plug from among a set of possible types, for each electric vehicle for which a electrical power to be supplied has been determined, to provide (S ₃ ) by said plug said electrical power.

The method of claim 1, wherein the set of tap types comprises first and second modulable types and a non-modulable type, a plug (9) of the first type and a plug (11) of the second modulable type. being adapted to power an electric vehicle with an electric power between a minimum value (L _1; L ^) and a maximum value (Μ _1; M ₂ ), and a plug (13) of the non-modulable type being adapted to supply an electric vehicle according to a single electric power value (M ₃ ).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, the electric power source is adapted to provide a maximum electrical power (P _MAX ), the determination of the electric power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket comprises the determination of maximum theoretical electrical power (P _TH ) that can be supplied at each tap of the second modulable type or the non-modulable type as follows:

P Mi AX - N- l.to t * M ₁

P, TH

N 2-, t0 t 3, tO t where: o P _TH is the theoretical maximum electrical power

o P _MAX is the maximum electrical power that can be supplied by the source of electrical energy, o N _l t, N ₂ , tot, N _3jto t are respectively the total number of modulable first, modulable second type and non-modulable type sockets connected to an electric vehicle, and

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising determining a necessary electrical power (Pf _on c _, i) the operation of each charging terminal comprising at least one plug connected to an electric vehicle, as follows:

Pfonc.i = N * M ₁ + N _2ii * max (P _TH , L ₂ ) + N _3, i * M ₃ where: o Pfonc, i is the electrical power necessary for the operation of the index charging terminal i ,

o

N _2, i and N _3j i are respectively the number of modulable first type, modulable second type and non-modulable type of the index charging terminal i connected to an electric vehicle, where L ₂ is the value minimum of the electrical power that can be provided by a socket of the second modular type and

5. The method of claim 4, wherein each charging terminal is respectively arranged to receive a maximum electrical power (P _max> i) from the source of electrical energy, and the method comprises, subsequent to the determination of the electric power. necessary for the operation of each charging station, the determination of an effective electrical power (P _e ff, to be supplied to each charging station defined as follows:

OR : o P _eff , i is the effective electrical power to be supplied to the charging station of index i, and

o P _m ax _, i is the maximum electrical power that can be received by the charging station with index i.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, when no non-modulable type plug is connected, the electrical power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of a charging station is determined as follows:

or :

o Py is the electrical power to be supplied by each plug of first modular type connected to an electric vehicle, and

The method of claim 5, wherein, when at least one non-modulable type tap is connected, the method comprises determining an expected maximum electrical power (P _att, i) by each charging terminal defined as follows:

Patt, i = N _{1> i} * M ₁ + (N _{2> i} + N _{3 ^} TH where P _att, i is the maximum electrical power expected by the refill terminal of index i.

The method according to claim 7, comprising determining, for each charging terminal, a remaining electrical power (P _rest, defined as follows:

Perst, i Patt, i Peff, i where P _restji is the remaining electrical power of the refill terminal of index i, then, checking a condition defined as follows: rest, i <0

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, when the condition is not verified, the electric power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of a charging station is determined as follows:

Pi, i = M ₁ P _{2 i} = max (P _TH , L ₂ ) + ¾

^N 2, i

Ps, i = M ₃

where: o Py is the electrical power to be supplied by each plug of the first modular type connected to an electric vehicle,

The method according to claim 8, wherein, when the condition is verified and when a single non-modulable type plug is connected, the electric power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a plug of a charging station is determined as follows:

Pi, i = M ₁ P _{2 i} = max (P _TH , L ₂ ) + ¾

- < ^v 2, i

Ps, i = M ₃

o P _2j i is the electrical power to be supplied by each plug of second adjustable type connected to an electric vehicle, and o P _3j i is the electrical power to be supplied by each non-modulable type plug connected to an electric vehicle.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein, when the condition is verified and when at least two non-modulable type plugs are connected to an electric vehicle, the method comprises updating the value of the remaining electrical power. for each terminal, said update being implemented as follows:

P rest.i ⁼ Prest.i + K * M ₃

or :

o K is the smallest natural integer less than N _3j i such that:

P rest.i- 0 then, the electric power to be supplied to each electric vehicle connected to a socket of a charging station is determined as follows:

Pi, i = M ₁

P '

P = max (P _TH , L ₂ ) + ^{r <} ~ ^st ' ¹

- < ^v 2, i

Ps, i = M ₃

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the supply of electrical power to electric vehicles for which electrical power has been determined comprises a standby K non-modulable type of plugs connected to an electric vehicle implemented on to least a period of time predetermined so that a number K of non-modulable type sockets are put to sleep at each predetermined period of time.

13. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a plug of the first modulable type is a three-phase plug adapted to deliver a three-phase electric current, a plug of the second modular type is a single-phase plug adapted to deliver a single-phase electric current, and a non-modulable type of plug is a socket for domestic use.

14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the determination of the load to be provided to each electric vehicle connected to a socket is implemented after a predetermined period of time consecutive to the connection of a first electric vehicle.

15. Computer program characterized in that it comprises instructions for the implementation of the method according to one of claims 1 to 14, when the program is executed by at least one processor

16. System (1) for charging electric vehicles comprising:

- a source of electrical energy (3),

a plurality of sockets (9, 11, 13) of at least one recharging terminal (B _1; B ₂ ) arranged to be supplied with electrical energy by the source of electrical energy, each socket being adapted to be connected to a an electric vehicle for recharging said electric vehicle, and

- a supervision module (5) configured to determine, for each electric vehicle connected to a socket, an electrical power to be supplied to the electric vehicle considered by the corresponding socket according to a type of said socket, for the purpose of the actual supply by said taking said electrical power to the corresponding electric vehicle.