WO2019085384A1 - 一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法 - Google Patents

一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法 Download PDF

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WO2019085384A1
WO2019085384A1 PCT/CN2018/081211 CN2018081211W WO2019085384A1 WO 2019085384 A1 WO2019085384 A1 WO 2019085384A1 CN 2018081211 W CN2018081211 W CN 2018081211W WO 2019085384 A1 WO2019085384 A1 WO 2019085384A1
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electromagnetic
sensors
coal
coal rock
electromagnetic radiation
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French (fr)
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宋大钊
何学秋
李振雷
韦梦菡
娄全
王安虎
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北京科技大学
中安安全工程研究院
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/04—Position of source determined by a plurality of spaced direction-finders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
    • G01V3/082—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices operating with fields produced by spontaneous potentials, e.g. electrochemical or produced by telluric currents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/12—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electromagnetic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/38—Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction

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  • the invention relates to a method for locating the main fracture of coal rock by precursor electromagnetic radiation of coal rock dynamic disaster, and belongs to the technical field of positioning method for main fracture of coal rock.
  • the monitoring and early warning of coal-rock dynamic disasters mainly includes two categories: static index method and geophysical method.
  • the static index method has limited information and low accuracy, and the geophysical method can realize real-time, dynamic and continuous monitoring.
  • the electromagnetic deformation caused by rock deformation and cracking is a relatively common physical phenomenon.
  • electromagnetic radiation has been obtained in recent years in the mechanism of generating electromagnetic radiation damage, signal characteristics, predicting the application status of coal-rock dynamic disasters, influencing factors, signal monitoring and data processing systems. A considerable amount of results.
  • the location of the main rupture of precursor coal and coal rock in coal-rock dynamic disasters is of great significance for realizing accurate monitoring and early warning of coal-rock dynamic disasters and prevention of coal-rock dynamic disasters.
  • the method is also applicable to the prevention and control of rockburst disasters in non-coal mines, which can effectively improve the safety of mine production.
  • the invention aims at the above problems, and provides a method for locating the main fracture of coal rock by the precursor electromagnetic radiation of coal-rock dynamic disaster, which is suitable for the prevention and control of rockburst disasters in non-coal mines, and can effectively improve the safety of mine production.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for locating the main fracture of coal rock by precursor electromagnetic radiation of coal-rock dynamic disaster, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the electromagnetic radiation sensor described in the step (1) is provided with a receiving antenna
  • the receiving antenna is a broadband directional antenna with a receiving frequency of 1 Hz to 10 kHz
  • the three antennas of each group of sensors are in the form of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. Two or two orthogonal arrangements.
  • the vector superposition method described in the step (3) is:
  • the direction of the magnetic line is determined by the three azimuth angles and the antenna arrangement direction, wherein the magnetic line direction cosine
  • the plane of the electromagnetic wave propagation direction in the step (4) is:
  • Cosine according to the direction of the magnetic line according to The cosine representation of the direction orthogonal thereto is obtained, and the plane of the electromagnetic wave propagation direction is determined.
  • the directional method in the step (5) is: determining an electromagnetic radiation source region by intersecting planes of electromagnetic wave propagation directions determined by four or more sets of three-component electromagnetic sensors.
  • the invention provides a method for locating the main fracture of coal rock by precursor electromagnetic radiation of coal rock dynamic disaster, which arranges four or more sets of three-component electromagnetic sensors in the underground roadway, each group of sensors consisting of three directional electromagnetic signal receiving antennas which are orthogonal to each other.
  • the present invention uses an atomic clock to ensure strict synchronization of signals received by different sensors; using electromagnetic signal frequency as a characteristic parameter, selecting and ensuring that different antennas receive electromagnetic signals generated by the same rupture;
  • the signal intensity of the three channels of the signal sensor is vector superimposed to determine the direction of the magnetic induction line at the position; according to the direction of the magnetic induction line, the plane of the propagation direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic induction line is determined; the planes of the electromagnetic propagation directions determined by the plurality of sets of sensors determine the coal
  • the location of rock rupture is suitable for the prevention and control of rockburst disasters in non-coal mines, which can effectively improve the safety of mine production.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of vector synthesis of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for locating the main fracture of coal rock by precursor electromagnetic radiation of coal-rock dynamic disaster, comprising the following steps:
  • the electromagnetic radiation receiving antenna described in the step (1) is a wide-band directional antenna, and the antennas are orthogonally arranged in the form of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.
  • step (2) the antenna receiving frequency is 1-10 kHz.
  • the vector superposition method described in the step (3) is:
  • the three signals are equivalent to the three components of the actual signal in the XYZ coordinate axis direction, and vector synthesis is performed.
  • the combined signal strength is
  • step (4) The method for determining the direction of propagation described in step (4) is:
  • the directional method in the step (5) is: performing the same vector superposition method in the step (3) on the antenna groups arranged at different positions, and determining the multiple groups of the propagation direction plane by the step (4), and multiple Plane intersection determines the source of electromagnetic radiation.

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  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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Abstract

一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法，在井下巷道布置4组以上三分量电磁传感器，每组传感器由相互正交的三个定向电磁信号接收天线组成，通过监测主机采集电磁信号，其利用原子时钟保证不同传感器接收信号严格同步；利用电磁信号频率作为特征参数，选取并确保不同天线接收到的是同一破裂产生的电磁信号，分别对每组电磁信号传感器的三个通道的信号强度进行矢量叠加，确定其所在位置磁感线的方向；根据磁感线方向，求出与其垂直的传播方向平面；多组传感器确定的电磁传播方向平面相交确定煤岩破裂位置。

Description

一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法，属于煤岩主破裂的定位方法技术领域。
背景技术
我国煤矿开采条件复杂，煤岩动力灾害是煤矿主要灾害之一。随着采深不断加大，煤岩动力灾害频次、强度和破坏程度均呈上升趋势，发生次数和伤亡人数也呈相对上升的趋势。对煤岩动力灾害的监测预警主要包括静态指标法和地球物理方法两大类。静态指标法获得的信息量有限且准确性低，地球物理方法则能够实现实时、动态、连续的监测。
岩石变形破裂产生电磁辐射是较为常见的物理现象。电磁辐射法作为一种非常有前景的地球物理方法，近年来在煤岩破坏电磁辐射的产生机理、信号特征、预测煤岩动力灾害应用现状、影响因素、信号监测及其数据处理系统等方面取得了较为可观的成果。基于电磁辐射监测技术实现煤岩动力灾害前兆煤岩主破裂的定位，对实现煤岩动力灾害准确监测预警，以及煤岩动力灾害防治具有重大意义。此外，该方法也适用于非煤矿山的岩爆灾害防治，能够有效改善矿山生产安全状况。
本发明针对以上问题，提供一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法，适用于非煤矿山的岩爆灾害防治，能够有效改善矿山生产安全状况。
发明内容
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
(1)在井下巷道布置4组以上不共面的三分量电磁传感器采集井下煤岩破裂产生的电磁信号，利用原子时钟保证不同组传感器接收信号严格同步；
(2)对各组传感器采集的电磁信号进行频域分析，通过信号频率指标甄别并确保不同传感器接收到的为同一主破裂产生的电磁信号；
(3)分别对每组电磁传感器接收的三分量电磁信号强度进行矢量叠加，确定每组三 分量电磁传感器所在位置的磁感线方向；
(4)根据该位置磁感线方向确定与该方向垂直的电磁波传播方向平面；
(5)多组三分量电磁传感器所确定的电磁波传播方向平面相交确定电磁辐射源位置，即煤岩动力灾害前兆煤岩主破裂区域。
进一步，作为优选，步骤(1)中所述的电磁辐射传感器设置有接收天线，接收天线为接收频率为1Hz～10kHz的宽频定向天线，每组传感器的三个天线以三维笛卡尔坐标系的形式两两正交布置。
进一步，作为优选，步骤(3)中所述的矢量叠加方法为：
①确定信号的三个分量强度分别为：H x、H y、H z；
②根据矢量合成原理计算总强度为：
Figure PCTCN2018081211-appb-000001
③根据H x＝Hcosα，H y＝Hcosβ，H z＝Hcosγ计算出信号与3个天线的方位角α、β、γ；
④由三个方位角及天线布置方向确定磁感线方向，其中，磁感线方向余弦
Figure PCTCN2018081211-appb-000002
进一步，作为优选，步骤(4)中电磁波传播方向平面为：
根据磁感线方向余弦
Figure PCTCN2018081211-appb-000003
根据
Figure PCTCN2018081211-appb-000004
求出与其正交的方向余弦表示式，确定电磁波传播方向平面。
进一步，作为优选，步骤(5)中定向方法为：由4组以上三分量电磁传感器所确定的电磁波传播方向平面相交确定电磁辐射源区域。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供了一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法，其在井下巷道布置4组以上三分量电磁传感器，每组传感器由相互正交的三个定向电磁信号接收天线组成，通过监测主机采集电磁信号，本发明利用原子时钟保证不同传感器接收信号严格同步； 利用电磁信号频率作为特征参数，选取并确保不同天线接收到的是同一破裂产生的电磁信号；分别对每组电磁信号传感器的三个通道的信号强度进行矢量叠加，确定其所在位置磁感线的方向；根据磁感线方向，求出与其垂直的传播方向平面；多组传感器确定的电磁传播方向平面相交确定煤岩破裂位置，适用于非煤矿山的岩爆灾害防治，能够有效改善矿山生产安全状况。
附图说明
图1是本发明的流程图。
图2是本发明矢量合成示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1-2，本发明提供一种技术方案：一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)选取需要监测的工作面，在工作面轨道巷和皮带运输巷分别布置两个三分量电磁传感器，同一巷道中两组传感器相距100m。通过监测主机实时采集电磁信号，利用原子时钟保证不同传感器接收信号严格同步；
(2)对异常电磁信号进行频谱分析，甄别并确保不同三分量传感器的天线接收到的为同一主破裂产生的电磁信号；
(3)分别对不同电磁信号传感器接收到的三分量信号强度进行矢量叠加，确定各传感器所在位置磁感线的方向；
(4)根据该位置磁感线方向确定电磁波的传播方向平面；
(5)多个传播方向平面相交确定电磁辐射源定向结果。
在本实施例中，步骤(1)中所述的电磁辐射接收天线为宽频定向天线，天线以三维 笛卡尔坐标系的形式两两正交布置。
步骤(2)中天线接收频率为1-10kHz。
步骤(3)中所述的矢量叠加方法为：
Ⅰ、分别确定三个天线接收的信号强度H x、H y、H z；
Ⅱ、将这三个信号等效为实际信号在XYZ坐标轴方向上的三个分量，进行矢量合成，所合成信号强度为
Figure PCTCN2018081211-appb-000005
Ⅲ、所合成信号的方向角满足H x＝Hcosα，H y＝Hcosβ，H z＝Hcosγ；
该矢量方向余弦为
Figure PCTCN2018081211-appb-000006
步骤(4)中所述的传播方向确定方法为:
根据
Figure PCTCN2018081211-appb-000007
求出与磁感线方向正交的方向余弦
Figure PCTCN2018081211-appb-000008
的表示式。
在本实施例中，步骤(5)中所述定向方法为，对不同位置布置的天线组进行步骤(3)中同样的矢量叠加方法，由步骤(4)确定多组传播方向平面，多个平面相交确定电磁辐射来源。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法，其特征在于，其包含以下步骤：
    (1)在井下巷道布置4组以上不共面的三分量电磁传感器采集井下煤岩破裂产生的电磁信号，利用原子时钟保证不同组传感器接收信号严格同步；
    (2)对各组传感器采集的电磁信号进行频域分析，通过信号频率指标甄别并确保不同传感器接收到的为同一主破裂产生的电磁信号；
    (3)分别对每组电磁传感器接收的三分量电磁信号强度进行矢量叠加，确定每组三分量电磁传感器所在位置的磁感线方向；
    (4)根据该位置磁感线方向确定与该方向垂直的电磁波传播方向平面；
    (5)多组三分量电磁传感器所确定的电磁波传播方向平面相交确定电磁辐射源位置，即煤岩动力灾害前兆煤岩主破裂区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中所述的电磁辐射传感器设置有接收天线，接收天线为接收频率为1Hz～10kHz的宽频定向天线，每组传感器的三个天线以三维笛卡尔坐标系的形式两两正交布置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中所述的矢量叠加方法为：
    ①确定信号的三个分量强度分别为：H x、H y、H z；
    ②根据矢量合成原理计算总强度为：
    Figure PCTCN2018081211-appb-100001
    ③根据H x＝Hcosα，H y＝Hcosβ，H z＝Hcosγ计算出信号与3个天线的方位角α、β、γ；
    ④由三个方位角及天线布置方向确定磁感线方向，其中，磁感线方向余弦
    Figure PCTCN2018081211-appb-100002
  4. 根据权利要求1所述一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中电磁波传播方向平面为：
    根据磁感线方向余弦
    Figure PCTCN2018081211-appb-100003
    根据
    Figure PCTCN2018081211-appb-100004
    求出与其正交的方向余弦表示式，确定电磁波传播方向平面。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法，其特征在于，步骤(5)中定向方法为：由4组以上三分量电磁传感器所确定的电磁波传播方向平面相交确定电磁辐射源区域。
PCT/CN2018/081211 2017-10-31 2018-03-30 一种煤岩动力灾害前兆电磁辐射定位煤岩主破裂的方法 WO2019085384A1 (zh)

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