WO2019085365A1 - 一种基于特征值查表法的增量升级方法 - Google Patents

一种基于特征值查表法的增量升级方法 Download PDF

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WO2019085365A1
WO2019085365A1 PCT/CN2018/078196 CN2018078196W WO2019085365A1 WO 2019085365 A1 WO2019085365 A1 WO 2019085365A1 CN 2018078196 W CN2018078196 W CN 2018078196W WO 2019085365 A1 WO2019085365 A1 WO 2019085365A1
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crc
firmware
upgrade
size
time
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陈智松
冯万健
曾炳阳
骆昭阳
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厦门亿联网络技术股份有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/60Software deployment
    • G06F8/65Updates
    • G06F8/658Incremental updates; Differential updates

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  • the present invention relates to the field of device firmware upgrade technology, and in particular, to an incremental upgrade method based on a feature value lookup table method.
  • the incremental upgrade is much faster than the full upgrade, which is of great help to improve the user experience.
  • the upgrade mode itself has a slow erase speed, such as a wireless upgrade, or a large firmware, the improvement in experience is very significant.
  • Incremental upgrade specifically means that only the areas that need to be changed are updated when the update operation is performed. If there is no need to update or have been updated, the update will not be repeated.
  • the incremental upgrade is opposite to the full upgrade. The concept of this update is widely used, and is used everywhere where data updates are required, such as software updates, database updates, virus database updates for anti-virus software, CMS updates, and routing table updates.
  • the specific implementation is the comparison between the client and the server, and the difference package between the versions is generated.
  • the user does not need to download the entire apk file, and only downloads the difference package.
  • Weibo 2.0 is upgraded to Weibo 3.0, originally Weibo 3.0.
  • the version should be 10M.
  • the server generates the difference package 4M, and the user directly downloads the 4M file and merges it locally to generate the microblog version 3.0.
  • the inventors have intensively studied, and in particular proposed an incremental upgrade method based on the eigenvalue look-up table method, which has a good performance in reliability and upgrade efficiency, and the present case arises.
  • An incremental upgrade method based on eigenvalue lookup table method including:
  • b. formulate a sampling unit size, according to the size, the firmware is divided into multiple intervals except the reserved space, and each interval size is consistent with the sampling unit size; the value of each interval is calculated by using the CRC32 algorithm as the eigenvalue, Integrate all feature values into a single feature value table, denoted as CRC_Table[], and the position of each feature value is in one-to-one correspondence with the divided memory interval;
  • the upgrade tool reads the CRC_Table[], CRC_Info1 and CRC_Info2 data written in the firmware;
  • the upgrade tool performs a CRC32 calculation on the CRC_Table[] in the firmware, and the judgment result is consistent with the CRC_Info1 in the firmware. If it is not the same, it is considered that the firmware is abnormally read, the upgrade process is terminated, and a warning is popped up;
  • the upgrade tool performs a CRC32 calculation on data other than the blank space reserved in the firmware, and determines whether the result is consistent with CRC_Info2 in the firmware. If it is inconsistent, it is considered that the firmware is abnormally read, the upgrade process is terminated, and a warning is popped up;
  • the upgrade tool reads the CRC_Table[], CRC_Info1, and CRC_Info2 data written in the device;
  • the upgrade tool performs a CRC32 calculation on the CRC_Table[] in the device, and determines whether the result is consistent with CRC_Info1 in device 1. If it is not the same, it is considered that the device reads abnormally, terminates the upgrade process, and pops up a warning.
  • the upgrade tool compares the CRC_Table[] in the firmware with the CRC_Table[] in the device, and erases the memory interval corresponding to the difference. At the same time, it automatically determines whether to use the entire block to erase or use each The size of the sampling interval is processed by means of erasing;
  • the upgrade tool writes the CRC_Table[], CRC_Info1 and CRC_Info2 data in the firmware to the device to replace the original related data;
  • the upgrade tool performs a CRC32 operation on the entire firmware to obtain Verify_1, and sends a command to let the device perform a CRC32 operation on the memory of the specified address to obtain Verify_2, and return it to the upgrade tool.
  • Verify_1 and Verify_2 are equal, the upgrade is successful, if not Etc., it means that the write is abnormal, and the corresponding warning pops up.
  • the number of difference between each size_B/size_T eigenvalue in CRC_Table[] is greater than N, the entire block is used for erasing, otherwise the size of each sampling interval is used for erasing. Way to handle.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the invention has the characteristics of high efficiency, strong stability and no version number dependency.
  • Firmware refers to a program written in EROM (Erasable Read Only Memory) or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory).
  • Incremental upgrade When upgrading firmware, only the changed data is erased.
  • CRC32 itself is the meaning of "redundant check code", CRC32 means that a 32-bit (8-digit hexadecimal number) check value will be generated; each bit of the source data block is generated when CRC32 generates a check value. (bits) are involved in the calculation, so even if only one bit changes in the data block, different CRC32 values will be obtained.
  • MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm 5 is used to ensure complete and consistent information transmission; data (such as Chinese characters) is calculated to be another fixed length value.
  • the predecessors of MD5 are MD2, MD3 and MD4.
  • an incremental upgrade method based on the feature value lookup table disclosed in this embodiment includes two parts of generating and writing firmware
  • the firmware generation includes:
  • b. formulate a sampling unit size, according to the size, the firmware is divided into multiple intervals except the reserved space, and each interval size is consistent with the sampling unit size; the value of each interval is calculated by using the CRC32 algorithm as the eigenvalue, All feature values are integrated into a single feature value table, denoted as CRC_Table[], and the position of each feature value is in one-to-one correspondence with the divided memory interval; in the present invention, there are two methods for selecting feature values to be selected.
  • this example uses CRC32 as the generation method of the eigenvalue. ;
  • the writing of the firmware includes:
  • the upgrade tool reads the CRC_Table[], CRC_Info1 and CRC_Info2 data written in the firmware;
  • the upgrade tool performs a CRC32 calculation on the CRC_Table[] in the firmware, and determines whether the result is consistent with the CRC_Info1 in the firmware. If it is not the same, it is considered that the firmware is abnormally read, the upgrade process is terminated, and a warning is popped up;
  • the upgrade tool performs a CRC32 calculation on data other than the blank space reserved in the firmware, and determines whether the result is consistent with CRC_Info2 in the firmware. If it is inconsistent, it is considered that the firmware is abnormally read, the upgrade process is terminated, and a warning is popped up;
  • the upgrade tool reads the CRC_Table[], CRC_Info1, and CRC_Info2 data written in the device;
  • the upgrade tool performs a CRC32 calculation on the CRC_Table[] in the device, and determines whether the result is consistent with CRC_Info1 in device 1. If it is not the same, it is considered that the device reads abnormally, terminates the upgrade process, and pops up a warning.
  • the upgrade tool compares the CRC_Table[] in the firmware with the CRC_Table[] in the device, and erases the memory interval corresponding to the difference. At the same time, it automatically determines whether to use the entire block to erase or use each
  • the size of the sampling interval is processed by erasing; the automatic judgment rule is: set the size and erasing time of each sampling interval to size_T and time_T, and the size of each block and the time of erasing are size_B and time_B; according to actual test statistics
  • the number of difference between size_B/size_T eigenvalues is greater than N, and the whole block is used to erase and write. Otherwise, the size of each sampling interval is used for erasing.
  • the upgrade tool writes the CRC_Table[], CRC_Info1 and CRC_Info2 data in the firmware to the device to replace the original related data;
  • the upgrade tool performs a CRC32 operation on the entire firmware to obtain Verify_1, and sends a command to let the device perform a CRC32 operation on the memory of the specified address to obtain Verify_2, and return it to the upgrade tool.
  • Verify_1 and Verify_2 are equal, the upgrade is successful, if not Etc., it means that the write is abnormal, and the corresponding warning pops up.

Abstract

一种基于特征值查表法的增量升级方法,包括固件的生成和写入两个部分;通过对整个升级过程进行多次的数据校验,确保了写入数据的准确性,将风险降到最低,并且许多CRC数据是在生成固件时打包的,CRC_Table[]的比对也是在工具中高速完成,最大限度的降低了对内存的操作,对提高效率有很大的帮助。

Description

一种基于特征值查表法的增量升级方法 技术领域
本发明涉及设备固件升级技术领域,具体涉及一种基于特征值查表法的增量升级方法。
背景技术
设备升级固件的方式主要有两种,分为全量升级与增量升级。现在很多场景下依旧采用着全量升级的方案,升级速度慢。有时候固件只修改了一点点,却要重新全部下载升级一遍。当固件体积较为庞大的时候,会产生比较差的用户体验。
不同版本的固件变化较小时,增量升级相对于全量升级而言速度要快上许多,这对于提高用户的使用体验有极大的帮助。特别是在升级方式本身擦写速度较慢时,比如无线升级,或者固件较大的情况下,体验上的提升非常显著。
增量升级的实现方式又有很多种,不同的方法效率跟可靠性都会有所差异。增量升级具体是指在进行更新操作时,只更新需要改变的地方,不需要更新或者已经更新过的地方则不会重复更新,增量升级与全量升级相对。这种更新的概念应用范围比较广泛,凡是需要进行数据更新的地方都会用到,如软件更新、数据库更新、杀毒软件的病毒库更新、CMS更新和路由表更新等。
现在的安卓Apk越来越大,很多软件提供商都开始使用增量升级的方,比如谷歌官方,小米等等。具体实现是客户端与服务端对比,并生成版本之间的差异包,用户不用下载整个apk文件,只用下载差异包就可以了,比如用户微博2.0升级到微博3.0,本来微博3.0版本应该是10M,服务器通过生成差异包4M,用户直接下载4M文件并在本地进行合并生成微博3.0版本。
上述增量升级是采用制作不同版本的差异包的方法来实现,因此该方式 具有的缺陷是:
(1)对版本存在依赖性,差异包的生成需要依据当前版本号与想要升级的版本号来定。当版本号越来越多,需要生成的差异包也就越多,增加了管理的难度,风险系数上升。
(2)并非直接对需要修改的数据进行操作,而是先经过一层后台的数据处理,对数据进行拼接,再将处理完的数据写入内存。相对于直接擦写而言,效率较低,存在时间浪费。
为此,本发明人经过深入研究,特别提出一种基于特征值查表法的增量升级方法,在可靠性与升级效率上都有较好的表现,本案由此产生。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于特征值查表法的增量升级方法,。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种基于特征值查表法的增量升级方法,包括:
一、固件的生成:
a、编译生成常规固件,并在固件内预留一块用于写入特定信息的空白空间;
b、拟定一个采样单位大小,依据此大小将固件除预留空间以外区域划分成多个区间,且每个区间大小与采样单位大小一致;采用CRC32算法计算出每个区间的值作为特征值,将所有特征值整合成一张特征值表,记为CRC_Table[],每个特征值的位置与划分的内存区间是一一对应的;
c、对生成的特征值表CRC_Table[]进行一次CRC32运算,将结果记为CRC_Info1,用于升级时进行数据校验;
d、对固件除预留空间以外的所有数据进行一次CRC32运算,将结果记为CRC_Info2,用于升级时进行数据校验;
e、将CRC_Table[]、CRC_Info1和CRC_Info2按顺序插入到固件之前预留的空白空间中,生成一个新的固件;
二、固件的写入:
f、打开升级工具,连接设备,在升级工具中选择想要升级的版本;
g、升级工具读出固件中写入的CRC_Table[]、CRC_Info1和CRC_Info2数据;
h、升级工具对固件中的CRC_Table[]进行一次CRC32计算,判断结果是否与固件中的CRC_Info1一致,如果不一样则认为是固件读取异常,终止升级过程并弹出警告;
i、升级工具对固件中预留的空白空间以外的数据进行一次CRC32计算,判断结果是否与固件中的CRC_Info2一致,如果不一致则认为是固件读取异常,终止升级过程并弹出警告;
j、升级工具读出设备中写入的CRC_Table[]、CRC_Info1和CRC_Info2数据;
k、升级工具对设备中的CRC_Table[]进行一次CRC32计算,判断结果是否与设备1中的CRC_Info1一致,如果不一样则认为是设备读取异常,终止升级过程并弹出警告。
l、升级工具对比固件中的CRC_Table[]和设备中的CRC_Table[],对其存在差异的地方对应的内存区间进行擦写,同时自动判断是要采用整个block擦写的方式或是采用每个采样区间的大小进行擦写的方式处理;
m、升级工具将固件中的CRC_Table[]、CRC_Info1和CRC_Info2数据写入设备中,替换原有的相关数据;
n、升级工具对整个固件进行一次CRC32运算得到Verify_1,发送指令让设备对指定地址的内存进行一次CRC32运算得到Verify_2,并返回给升级工具,当Verify_1和Verify_2相等时,则说明升级成功,如果不等,则说明写入异常,弹出相应警告。
所述步骤I中选择采用整个block擦写的方式或是采用每个采样区间的大小进行擦写的方式处理的判断规则是:设每个采样区间的大小和擦写时间为size_T和time_T,每个block的大小和擦些时间为size_B和time_B;根据实际测试统计出每个采样单位擦写的时间以及每个block擦写的时间,得出一个数字N,N≤size_B/size_T,使得time_B=time_T x N,此时将N作为 阈值,当CRC_Table[]中每size_B/size_T个特征值差异的个数大于N,采用整个block擦写的方式,否则采用每个采样区间的大小进行擦写的方式处理。
采用上述方案后,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)消除了对固件版本号的依赖,实现任意版本间的升级,降低管理难度和风险。
(2)直接对内存进行擦写升级,只修改不同版本固件之间存在差异的地方,对于没有改动的地方不进行任何处理,提高了升级效率。
(3)整个升级过程进行了多次的数据校验,确保了写入数据的准确性,将风险降到最低。并且许多CRC数据是在生成固件时打包的,CRC_Table[]的比对也是在工具中高速完成,最大限度的降低了对内存的操作,对提高效率有很大的帮助。
通过以上分析,可以发现本发明具有效率高、稳定性强和无版本号依赖的特点。
以下结合附图及具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明固件的生成流程图;
图2是本发明固件的写入流程图。
具体实施方式
对于本发明所用到的名称具有以下解释:
固件:固件即指写入EROM(可擦写只读存储器)或EEPROM(电可擦可编程只读存储器)中的程序。
全量升级:升级固件时将原有数据全部擦除,再将新的数据全部写入。
增量升级:升级固件时只对有变动过的数据进行擦写。
CRC32:CRC本身是“冗余校验码”的意思,CRC32则表示会产生一个32bit(8位十六进制数)的校验值;由于CRC32产生校验值时源数据块的每一个bit(位)都参与了计算,所以数据块中即使只有一位发生了变化, 也会得到不同的CRC32值。
MD5:Message-Digest Algorithm 5(信息-摘要算法5),用于确保信息传输完整一致;将数据(如汉字)运算为另一固定长度值,MD5的前身有MD2、MD3和MD4。
如图1和2所示,本实施例揭示的一种基于特征值查表法的增量升级方法,包括固件的生成和写入两个部分;
其中,固件的生成包括:
a、编译生成常规固件,并在固件内预留一块用于写入特定信息的空白空间;
b、拟定一个采样单位大小,依据此大小将固件除预留空间以外区域划分成多个区间,且每个区间大小与采样单位大小一致;采用CRC32算法计算出每个区间的值作为特征值,将所有特征值整合成一张特征值表,记为CRC_Table[],每个特征值的位置与划分的内存区间是一一对应的;在本发明中,可供选择的特征值生成有两种方法,分别是CRC32和MD5,鉴于MD5占中内存较大,且固件中和设备中的CRC_Table[]相同位置的CRC值碰撞概率仅有1/2 32,故本例采用CRC32作为特征值的生成方式;
c、对生成的特征值表CRC_Table[]进行一次CRC32运算,将结果记为CRC_Info1,用于升级时进行数据校验;
d、对固件除预留空间以外的所有数据进行一次CRC32运算,将结果记为CRC_Info2,用于升级时进行数据校验;
e、将CRC_Table[]、CRC_Info1和CRC_Info2按顺序插入到固件之前预留的空白空间中,生成一个新的固件;
固件的写入包括:
f、打开升级工具,连接设备,在升级工具中选择想要升级的版本;
g、升级工具读出固件中写入的CRC_Table[]、CRC_Info1和CRC_Info2数据;
h、升级工具对固件中的CRC_Table[]进行一次CRC32计算,判断结果是否与固件中的CRC_Info1一致,如果不一样则认为是固件读取异常,终止 升级过程并弹出警告;
i、升级工具对固件中预留的空白空间以外的数据进行一次CRC32计算,判断结果是否与固件中的CRC_Info2一致,如果不一致则认为是固件读取异常,终止升级过程并弹出警告;
j、升级工具读出设备中写入的CRC_Table[]、CRC_Info1和CRC_Info2数据;
k、升级工具对设备中的CRC_Table[]进行一次CRC32计算,判断结果是否与设备1中的CRC_Info1一致,如果不一样则认为是设备读取异常,终止升级过程并弹出警告。
l、升级工具对比固件中的CRC_Table[]和设备中的CRC_Table[],对其存在差异的地方对应的内存区间进行擦写,同时自动判断是要采用整个block擦写的方式或是采用每个采样区间的大小进行擦写的方式处理;自动判断规则是:设每个采样区间的大小和擦写时间为size_T和time_T,每个block的大小和擦些时间为size_B和time_B;根据实际测试统计出每个采样单位擦写的时间以及每个block擦写的时间,得出一个数字N,N≤size_B/size_T,使得time_B=time_T x N,此时将N作为阈值,当CRC_Table[]中每size_B/size_T个特征值差异的个数大于N,采用整个block擦写的方式,否则采用每个采样区间的大小进行擦写的方式处理。
m、升级工具将固件中的CRC_Table[]、CRC_Info1和CRC_Info2数据写入设备中,替换原有的相关数据;
n、升级工具对整个固件进行一次CRC32运算得到Verify_1,发送指令让设备对指定地址的内存进行一次CRC32运算得到Verify_2,并返回给升级工具,当Verify_1和Verify_2相等时,则说明升级成功,如果不等,则说明写入异常,弹出相应警告。
以上仅为本发明的具体实施例,并非对本发明的保护范围的限定。凡依本案的设计思路所做的等同变化,均落入本案的保护范围。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种基于特征值查表法的增量升级方法,其特征在于,包括:
    一、固件的生成:
    a、编译生成常规固件,并在固件内预留一块用于写入特定信息的空白空间;
    b、拟定一个采样单位大小,依据此大小将固件除预留空间以外区域划分成多个区间,且每个区间大小与采样单位大小一致;采用CRC32算法计算出每个区间的值作为特征值,将所有特征值整合成一张特征值表,记为CRC_Table[],每个特征值的位置与划分的内存区间是一一对应的;
    c、对生成的特征值表CRC_Table[]进行一次CRC32运算,将结果记为CRC_Info1,用于升级时进行数据校验;
    d、对固件除预留空间以外的所有数据进行一次CRC32运算,将结果记为CRC_Info2,用于升级时进行数据校验;
    e、将CRC_Table[]、CRC_Info1和CRC_Info2按顺序插入到固件之前预留的空白空间中,生成一个新的固件;
    二、固件的写入:
    f、打开升级工具,连接设备,在升级工具中选择想要升级的版本;
    g、升级工具读出固件中写入的CRC_Table[]、CRC_Info1和CRC_Info2数据;
    h、升级工具对固件中的CRC_Table[]进行一次CRC32计算,判断结果是否与固件中的CRC_Info1一致,如果不一样则认为是固件读取异常,终止升级过程并弹出警告;
    i、升级工具对固件中预留的空白空间以外的数据进行一次CRC32计算,判断结果是否与固件中的CRC_Info2一致,如果不一致则认为是固件读取异常,终止升级过程并弹出警告;
    j、升级工具读出设备中写入的CRC_Table[]、CRC_Info1和CRC_Info2数据;
    k、升级工具对设备中的CRC_Table[]进行一次CRC32计算,判断结果是否与设备1中的CRC_Info1一致,如果不一样则认为是设备读取异常,终止升级过程并弹出警告。
    l、升级工具对比固件中的CRC_Table[]和设备中的CRC_Table[],对其存在差异的地方对应的内存区间进行擦写,同时自动判断是要采用整个block擦写的方式或是采用每个采样区间的大小进行擦写的方式处理;
    m、升级工具将固件中的CRC_Table[]、CRC_Info1和CRC_Info2数据写入设备中,替换原有的相关数据;
    n、升级工具对整个固件进行一次CRC32运算得到Verify_1,发送指令让设备对指定地址的内存进行一次CRC32运算得到Verify_2,并返回给升级工具,当Verify_1和Verify_2相等时,则说明升级成功,如果不等,则说明写入异常,弹出相应警告。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种基于特征值查表法的增量升级方法,其特征在于,所述步骤I中选择采用整个block擦写的方式或是采用每个采样区间的大小进行擦写的方式处理的判断规则是:设每个采样区间的大小和擦写时间为size_T和time_T,每个block的大小和擦些时间为size_B和time_B;根据实际测试统计出每个采样单位擦写的时间以及每个block擦写的时间,得出一个数字N,N≤size_B/size_T,使得time_B=time_T x N,此时将N作为阈值,当CRC_Table[]中每size_B/size_T个特征值差异的个数大于N,采用整个block擦写的方式,否则采用每个采样区间的大小进行擦写的方式处理。
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