WO2019080779A1 - 波浪能发电装置 - Google Patents

波浪能发电装置

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Publication number
WO2019080779A1
WO2019080779A1 PCT/CN2018/111070 CN2018111070W WO2019080779A1 WO 2019080779 A1 WO2019080779 A1 WO 2019080779A1 CN 2018111070 W CN2018111070 W CN 2018111070W WO 2019080779 A1 WO2019080779 A1 WO 2019080779A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
generator
generator unit
unit
connecting arm
wave energy
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Application number
PCT/CN2018/111070
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许亮
王中林
Original Assignee
北京纳米能源与系统研究所
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 filed Critical 北京纳米能源与系统研究所
Publication of WO2019080779A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019080779A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the field of nano new energy technologies and relates to a wave energy generating device.
  • Wave energy has great potential as a clean energy source.
  • the existing generators used in wave energy collection technology have complex structure and quality. Larger, higher cost, and less reliable problems.
  • the present disclosure provides a wave energy generating device that is simple and flexible in structure, easy to expand, light in weight, low in cost, and high in power generation efficiency.
  • a wave energy power generating apparatus comprising a generator unit network, the generator unit network comprising a plurality of generator units and a connection connecting the plurality of generator units, wherein:
  • One of the generator units includes a housing having a closed structure and forming a space therein, the power generating structure being located in the space; a housing of each generator unit and at least one other generator
  • the housings of the unit are connected by the connecting member, and when one generator unit operates under the action of water, the function of generating torque to the other generating unit through the connecting member to the other generating unit is transmitted.
  • the force causes the other generator unit to rotate or oscillate under the force of the water flow and the connecting member.
  • the generator units within the generator unit network are distributed in a radial configuration, or distributed in a honeycomb manner, or distributed in a tree-like manner, or distributed in an array.
  • At least a portion of the connector in the generator unit network is a connecting arm made of an elastomeric material.
  • each row of generator units or each column of generator units is in each of the three adjacent generator units.
  • the connecting arm between the intermediate generator unit and the previous generating unit is a front connecting arm
  • the connecting arm of the intermediate generating unit and the latter generating unit is a rear connecting arm
  • the front connecting arm and the connecting arm are not collinear.
  • the extending direction of the front connecting arm in a normal state is parallel to an extending direction of the rear connecting arm when in a normal state, and the front connecting arm and the rear connecting arm are respectively located in the The two sides of the geometric center of the intermediate generator unit; or the extending direction of the front connecting arm when in the normal state intersects the extending direction of the rear connecting arm when it is in the normal state.
  • each of the generator units is a spherical generator; when the extending direction of the front connecting arm in a normal state is parallel to an extending direction of the rear connecting arm when in a normal state, At least one of the front connecting arm and the rear connecting arm extends in a direction tangent to the outer surface of the housing of the intermediate generator unit.
  • the connecting arm is in the form of a sheet, a plate, or a rod.
  • the material of the connecting arm is plastic, carbon fiber, metal or composite material.
  • the connecting arm is bonded, welded, or riveted by a rivet between the housing of the generator unit.
  • At least a part of the connecting unit in the generator unit network is a connecting rope, and the generator unit and the previous generating unit are connected by the connecting rope.
  • the connecting rope between the two is a front connecting rope
  • the connecting rope connected to the latter generator unit is a rear connecting rope, and when the generator unit network is in a plane unfolded state, and the geometry of each generator unit When the center is coplanar, the front connecting rope is coplanar with the rear connecting rope, and the plane of the front connecting rope and the rear connecting rope intersects the outer surface of the casing of the generator unit.
  • a connection point of the front connecting rope with the generator unit housing and a connection of the rear connecting rope and the generator unit housing The line between the points passes through the geometric center of the generator unit.
  • the matrix shape is a rectangular lattice array or a parallelogram lattice arrangement.
  • the generator unit includes one or more of the following generators: a friction nanogenerator, a piezoelectric nanogenerator, an electromagnetic generator, a hybrid generator.
  • a friction space is formed inside the housing, and the power generation structure includes a moving body located in the friction space.
  • the wave energy generating device of the present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:
  • the wave energy generating device comprises a network of generator units comprising a plurality of generator units and connectors, a housing of each of the generator units and a housing of at least one other generator unit
  • the connection of the connecting unit is simple, flexible, easy to expand, light in weight and low in cost.
  • the generator unit undergoes mechanical motion.
  • the power generation structure inside the casing performs power generation, converts mechanical energy into electrical energy output, and the generator unit transmits the other generator unit to another generator unit through the connection of the connecting member.
  • the force of the torque is generated to cause another generator unit to rotate or oscillate under the force of the water flow and the connecting member, thereby generating mechanical motion, and converting the mechanical energy into the electrical energy output based on the power generation principle of the generator unit.
  • the connecting piece converts the wave motion into the rotation or swing motion of the generator unit by the action torque, thereby converting the mechanical energy into the electric energy output, and the connecting member transmits the mechanical energy between the generator units, and the parts in the generator unit network
  • the mechanical action energy received by the generator unit is balanced, and constraints are imposed on each generator unit, so that each generator unit can maintain a normal working posture and improve power generation efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a generator unit and a connecting member according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a generator unit network in a rectangular lattice array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of a top connection of the generator unit network shown in FIG. 2a according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2c is a schematic diagram of the bottom connection of the generator unit network of FIG. 2a according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a generator unit network in a parallelogram lattice arrangement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of a top connection of the generator unit network shown in FIG. 3a according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram of the bottom connection of the generator unit network shown in FIG. 3a according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of three generator units according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4b is a force analysis diagram of a generator unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4c is a schematic structural diagram of the power generating unit of FIG. 4a after being affected by waves according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a generator unit and a connecting arm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a generator unit and a connecting arm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5c is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a generator unit and a connecting arm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a generator unit and a connecting arm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5e is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a generator unit and a connecting arm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a generator unit and a connecting arm according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5g is a force analysis diagram of a generator unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a generator unit and a connecting rope according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a generator unit and a connecting rope according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6c is a state diagram of a state in which a generator unit is connected to a connecting rope according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wave energy generating device including a generator unit network, the generator unit network including a plurality of generator units and connecting the plurality of generator units a connector, wherein: each of the generator units 10 includes a housing 101 having a closed structure and forming a space therein, and a power generating structure 102 located in a space formed inside the housing 101 for generating electricity; each The housing of the generator unit is connected to the housing of at least one other generator unit via a connector 20, and when one generator unit 11 is acted upon by the flow of water, the other connection unit 21 is passed to the other generator unit 12 transmits a force that can generate torque to the generator unit 12, causing another generator unit 12 to rotate or oscillate under the force of the water flow and the connecting member 21, thereby causing mechanical motion to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy output.
  • the wave energy generating device provided by the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2a is composed of a generator unit network, and includes a plurality of generator units 10 and a connecting member 20, as shown in Fig. 1, each of the generating units includes a closed structure.
  • the housing 101 forming a space inside, the housing of each generator unit and the housing of at least one other generator unit are connected by a connecting member 20, the network structure of the generator unit is simple and flexible, easy to expand, and light in weight At the same time, as shown in FIG.
  • the connecting piece converts the wave motion into the rotating or swinging action of the generator unit by the action torque, thereby converting the mechanical energy into the electric energy output, and the connecting piece transmits the mechanical energy between the generator units, and the local power generation in the generator unit network
  • the mechanical action energy received by the machine unit is balanced, and the connecting member imposes constraints on each generator unit, so that each generator unit can maintain a normal working posture and improve power generation efficiency.
  • the generator units in the generator unit network may be distributed in a radial structure, or distributed in a honeycomb manner, or distributed in a tree manner, or in an array.
  • the wave power generation device is not limited to the above-described distribution form, and has various forms and is easy to expand, and is not limited to one layer distribution, and may also perform multi-layer stacking of water to the generator unit. Expand in the depth direction. 2a and 3a are two distribution forms when a plurality of generator units in a generator unit network are distributed in a matrix, FIG.
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of a generator network structure in a rectangular lattice arrangement
  • FIG. 2b is a diagram of FIG. 2a
  • FIG. 2c is a schematic diagram of the bottom connection of the structure diagram of FIG. 2a
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a generator network structure arranged in a parallelogram lattice pattern
  • FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of the top connection of the structure diagram of FIG. 3a
  • FIG. 3c It is a schematic diagram of the bottom connection of the schematic diagram of Fig. 3a.
  • At least a part of the connecting member 2 in the network of the generator unit may be a connecting arm made of an elastic material. Since the connecting arm has elasticity, the generating unit is elastically bent and restored by the connecting arm. The network generates vibrations and can resonate with wave fluctuations to absorb wave energy to a greater extent.
  • each row of generator units or each column of generator units is in each of the three adjacent generator units.
  • the connecting arm between the intermediate generator unit 12 and the previous generator unit 11 is the front connecting arm 211, and the connecting arm of the intermediate generator unit 12 and the latter generator unit 13 is connected later.
  • the arm 221, the front connecting arm 211 and the rear connecting arm 221 are not collinear.
  • the generator unit 12 When the front connecting arm 211 and the rear connecting arm 221 are not collinear, the generator unit 12 operates under the action of the water flow, and the non-collinear front connecting arm 211 and the rear connecting arm 221 restrict the movement of the generator unit 12 and The reaction force of the non-collinear line is applied, as shown in FIG. 4b, the force analysis diagram of the generator unit 12, and the F 21x , F 23x several non-collinear component forces exert a torque on the generator unit 12, so that the power generation unit 12 Produces effective forms of motion that are more suitable for power generation, such as rotation or swing.
  • the intermediate generator unit 12 when the intermediate generator unit 12 is in the wave trough of the wave, the former generator unit 11 and the latter generator unit 13 are brought closer to the intermediate generator unit 12 by the action of water waves, thereby connecting the front connecting arm 211 and the rear connecting arm
  • the arm 221 is squeezed and deformed and generates a reaction force.
  • the intermediate generator unit 12 is at the peak, the former generator unit 11 and the latter generator unit 13 are away from the intermediate generator unit 12 due to the action of water waves, before pulling.
  • the connecting arm 211 and the rear connecting arm 221 cause the front connecting arm 211 and the rear connecting arm 221 to undergo significant bending deformation.
  • the reaction forces generated by the connecting arms 211 and 221 cause the intermediate generator unit 12 to rotate or swing.
  • the intermediate generator unit 12 alternates between peaks and troughs, and the generator unit network alternates between the above two states, producing a reciprocating expansion-contraction motion, which efficiently converts the wave fluctuation into the rotation of the generator unit. Or a form of motion that is effective for power generation, such as swinging.
  • the extending direction of the front connecting arm 211 in the normal state is parallel to the extending direction of the rear connecting arm 221 in the normal state, and the front connecting arm 211 and the rear connecting arm 221 are respectively located in the intermediate generating unit. 121 sides of the geometric center; or, the extending direction of the front connecting arm 211 in a normal state intersects with the extending direction of the rear connecting arm 221 in a normal state, wherein the normal state of the two connecting arms indicates that the connecting arm is not subjected to pressing or pulling force The state of deformation.
  • connection structure of several front connecting arms 211 and rear connecting arms 221 is exemplified, and the preferred arrangement of the two connecting arms is a non-collinear arrangement, wherein the connecting structure shown in Fig. 5e and Fig. 5f is In two special cases, the front connecting arm 211 and the rear connecting arm 221 are collinear, and the force analysis diagram of the connecting structure shown in Fig. 5f is as shown in Fig. 5g.
  • the connection of the generator unit in the network of the generator unit may be the connection of the same connection structure as described above or a hybrid connection of different connection structures.
  • each of the generator units is a spherical generator, and the casing of the generator unit has a hollow spherical structure; the extending direction and the rear of the current connecting arm 211 in the normal state
  • a commonly used connection manner is that at least one of the front connecting arm 211 and the rear connecting arm 221 extends in a direction tangent to the outer surface of the casing of the intermediate generator unit, as shown in FIG. 5a. And 5b.
  • the front connecting arm 211 and the rear connecting arm 221 are not tangent to the generator unit, such as Figure 5c.
  • the generator unit is exemplified by a spherical structure, but the structure of each generator unit is not limited to a spherical structure, and may be other structures, such as an ellipsoidal structure, a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the like.
  • the housing structure of the generator unit may also be a hollow ellipsoid, a hollow square, a hollow rectangular parallelepiped or the like.
  • the shape of the connecting arm may be a sheet shape, a plate shape, or a rod shape.
  • the design structure is simple, easy to manufacture and expand, and the shape of the connecting arm is a sheet shape or a plate shape.
  • the front connecting arm 211 and the rear connecting arm 221 may not be coplanar.
  • the material of the connecting arm may be plastic, carbon fiber, metal or composite material, etc.
  • the above materials are elastic and common, easy to manufacture, and save production cost.
  • the connecting arm 20 and the casing 101 of the generator unit 10 may be connected by bonding, welding, or by riveting or the like, and the connecting method is simple. Easy to complete.
  • the connecting member in the network of the generator unit may also be a connecting rope, and in the generator unit connected by the connecting rope, the generator unit 12 and the previous one
  • the connecting rope between the generator units 11 is the front connecting rope 212
  • the connecting rope connecting the generator unit 12 and the latter generator unit 13 is the rear connecting rope 222
  • the connecting members 21 and 22 can also be provided as a connecting cord 212 and a connecting cord 222; wherein the material of the connecting cord can be a wire and a rope, etc., and the connecting cord functions only Can withstand the tension.
  • the intermediate generator unit 12 moves with the action of waves, and during the movement, the front connecting rope 212 and the rear connecting rope 222 generate a reaction pulling force on the connected intermediate generator unit 12, so that the intermediate generating unit 12 is subjected to a moment under the non-collinear component force of the pulling force to generate a motion such as rotation or swing, in FIG. 6c.
  • the intermediate generator unit 12 is rotated or swung by the state shown by the solid line to the state indicated by the broken line by the generated pulling force of the reaction.
  • a commonly used connection mode is that, in each generator unit, the connection point of the front connecting rope and the generator unit housing and the rear connecting rope and power generation.
  • the connection between the connection points of the machine unit housing passes through the geometric center of the generator unit.
  • the connection between the connection points of the two connecting ropes may also not pass through the geometric center of the generator unit.
  • the generator unit may be one or more of the following generators: a friction nano-generator, a piezoelectric nano-generator, an electromagnetic generator, a hybrid generator, and the like.
  • a preferred embodiment of the generator unit is a friction nano-generator, and when the generator unit is the friction nano-generator, a friction space is formed inside the casing 101,
  • the power generating structure 102 includes a moving body located in the friction space.
  • the power generating structure 102 may be a moving body, and more specifically, the moving body is a rolling body, as shown in FIG.
  • the generator unit 10 moves under the action of the water flow or the reaction force of the connecting member 20, the housing 101 mechanically moves, and the rolling elements move relative to the housing 101 due to inertia or gravity, etc., based on the principle of power generation of the friction nano-generator, Mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy output.
  • the basic principle of the friction nano-generator is to generate static charge by friction (contact) on the surface of the rolling body and the friction space of the housing (at least one of which is an insulating material), and the separation of the static charge when the contact surface is separated.
  • a potential difference is generated that drives the free charge directional movement in the sensing electrode under the insulating surface to collect mechanical energy in the environment and convert it into electrical energy.
  • the friction nano power generation technology is especially suitable for collecting mechanical energy of low frequency motion, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and rich material selection.
  • the present disclosure provides a wave energy generating device including a generator unit network having a plurality of generator units and a connecting member connecting the plurality of generating units.
  • the structure is simple and flexible, easy to expand, light in weight and low in cost. Wherein, when a generator unit in the network of the generator unit operates under the action of water flow, the generator unit generates mechanical motion, and based on the power generation principle of the generator unit, the power generation structure inside the casing of the generator unit generates power.
  • the generator unit Converting mechanical energy into electrical energy output, and the generator unit transmits a force that can generate torque to the other generator unit to the other generator unit through the connection of the connector, so that the other generator unit transmits the water flow and the connection member Under the force of rotation or oscillation, mechanical motion occurs, and based on the power generation principle of the generator unit, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy output.
  • the connecting piece converts the wave motion into the rotating or oscillating motion of the generator unit by the action torque, thereby converting the mechanical energy into the electric energy output, and the connecting member transmits the mechanical energy between the generator units, and generates the local power in the generator unit network.
  • the mechanical action energy received by the machine unit is balanced, and constraints are imposed on each generator unit, so that each generator unit can maintain a normal working posture and improve power generation efficiency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

波浪能发电装置，包括发电机单元网络，发电机单元网络包括多个发电机单元（10）以及连接件（20）。每一个发电机单元（10）包括具有封闭结构以在内部形成空间的壳体（101），每一个发电机单元的壳体（101）与至少一个其他发电机单元的壳体（101）之间通过连接件（20）连接，以当一个发电机单元（10）在水流作用下动作时，通过连接件向另一个发电机单元（10）传递可对另一个发电机单元（10）产生扭矩的作用力，以使另一个发电机单元（10）在水流以及连接件传递的作用力下发生旋转或者摆动。该波浪能发电装置结构简单灵活稳定、易于扩展、质量轻、成本低、发电效率高。

Description

波浪能发电装置 技术领域
本公开属于纳米新能源技术领域，涉及一种波浪能发电装置。
背景技术
现代社会资源环境的约束对于清洁可再生能源提出了更高的要求，波浪能作为一种清洁能源具有极大的应用潜力，而现有波浪能收集技术采用的发电机，存在结构较复杂、质量较大、成本较高、可靠性较差等问题。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
针对上述问题，本公开提供了一种波浪能发电装置，该波浪能发电装置结构简单灵活、易于扩展、质量轻、成本低、发电效率高。
(二)技术方案
根据本公开的一个方面，提供了一种波浪能发电装置，包括发电机单元网络，所述发电机单元网络包括多个发电机单元以及连接所述多个发电机单元的连接件，其中：每一个所述发电机单元包括壳体和发电结构，所述壳体具有封闭结构且在内部形成空间，所述发电结构位于所述空间内；每一个发电机单元的壳体与至少一个其他发电机单元的壳体之间通过所述连接件连接，当一个发电机单元在水流作用下动作时，通过所述连接件向另一个发电机单元传递可对所述另一个发电机单元产生扭矩的作用力，使所述另一个发电机单元在水流以及所述连接件传递的作用力下发生旋转或者摆动。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述发电机单元网络内的发电机单元呈放射状结构分布、或者呈蜂窝状方式分布、或者呈树状方式分布、或者呈阵列状分布。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述发电机单元网络中，至少一部分所述连接件为弹性材料制备的连接臂。
在本公开的一些实施例中，当所述发电机单元网络内的发电机单元呈矩阵状分布时，每一行发电机单元或者每一列发电机单元中，每相邻的三个发电机单元中：中间发电机单元与前一个发电机单元之间的连接臂为前 连接臂，且所述中间发电机单元与后一个发电机单元连接的连接臂为后连接臂，所述前连接臂与所述后连接臂不共线。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述前连接臂处于常态时的延伸方向与所述后连接臂处于常态时的延伸方向平行，且所述前连接臂和所述后连接臂分别位于所述中间发电机单元几何中心的两侧；或者，所述前连接臂处于常态时的延伸方向与所述后连接臂处于常态时的延伸方向相交。
在本公开的一些实施例中，每一个所述发电机单元为球形发电机；当所述前连接臂处于常态时的延伸方向与所述后连接臂处于常态时的延伸方向平行时，所述前连接臂和所述后连接臂中至少一个的延伸方向与中间发电机单元的壳体外表面相切。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述连接臂的形状为片状、板状、或者杆状。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述连接臂的材料为塑料、碳纤维、金属或者复合材料。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述连接臂与所述发电机单元的壳体之间粘接、焊接、或者通过铆钉铆接。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述发电机单元网络中，至少一部分所述连接件为连接绳，且采用所述连接绳连接的发电机单元中，该发电机单元与前一个发电机单元之间的连接绳为前连接绳，且该发电机单元与后一个发电机单元连接的连接绳为后连接绳，且当所述发电机单元网络处于平面展开状态、且各个发电机单元的几何中心共面时，所述前连接绳与所述后连接绳共面、且所述前连接绳和所述后连接绳所在平面与所述发电机单元的壳体外表面相交。
在本公开的一些实施例中，每一个所述发电机单元中，所述前连接绳与所述发电机单元壳体的连接点与所述后连接绳与所述发电机单元壳体的连接点之间的连线经过所述发电机单元的几何中心。
在本公开的一些实施例中，当所述发电机单元网络中的多个发电机单元呈矩阵状分布时，所述矩阵状为矩形点阵排列状、或者平行四边形点阵排列状。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述发电机单元包括以下发电机中的一种 或者多种：摩擦纳米发电机、压电纳米发电机、电磁发电机、混合式发电机。
在本公开的一些实施例中，当所述发电机单元为所述摩擦纳米发电机时，所述壳体内部形成摩擦空间，所述发电结构包括位于所述摩擦空间内的运动体。
(三)有益效果
从以上技术方案可以看出，本公开的波浪能发电装置具有下列有益效果：
(1)该波浪能发电装置，包括发电机单元网络，该发电机单元网络包括多个发电机单元以及连接件，每个发电机单元的壳体与至少一个其他发电机单元的壳体之间通过连接件连接，该发电机单元网络结构简单灵活、易于扩展、质量轻、成本低；同时，当发电机单元网络中的一个发电机单元在水流作用下动作时，该发电机单元发生机械运动，并基于发电机单元的发电原理，壳体内部的发电结构进行发电，将机械能转换为电能输出，且该发电机单元通过连接件的连接向另一个发电机单元传递可对另一个发电机单元产生扭矩的作用力，以使另一个发电机单元在水流以及连接件传递的作用力下发生旋转或者摆动，进而发生机械运动，并基于发电机单元的发电原理，将机械能转换为电能输出。
(2)连接件通过作用力矩将波浪运动转化为发电机单元的旋转或者摆动动作，进而将机械能转换为电能输出，同时连接件在发电机单元之间传递机械能，对发电机单元网络中各局部发电机单元所受到的机械作用能量起到均衡作用，并且对各发电机单元产生约束，使得每个发电机单元能够维持在正常的工作姿态，提高了发电效率。
附图说明
图1为本公开一实施例提供的发电机单元与连接件连接结构示意图。
图2a为本公开一实施例提供的发电机单元网络呈矩形点阵排列状的结构示意图。
图2b为本公开一实施例提供的图2a所示发电机单元网络的顶部连接示意图。
图2c为本公开一实施例提供的图2a所示发电机单元网络的底部连接 示意图。
图3a为本公开一实施例提供的发电机单元网络呈平行四边形点阵排列状的结构示意图。
图3b为本公开一实施例提供的图3a所示发电机单元网络的顶部连接示意图。
图3c为本公开一实施例提供的图3a所示发电机单元网络的底部连接示意图。
图4a为本公开一实施例提供的三个发电机单元连接结构示意图。
图4b为本公开一实施例提供的一种发电机单元的受力分析图。
图4c为本公开一实施例提供的图4a所示发电单元受波浪影响后结构示意图。
图5a为本公开一实施例提供的一种发电机单元与连接臂连接结构示意图。
图5b为本公开一实施例提供的一种发电机单元与连接臂连接结构示意图。
图5c为本公开一实施例提供的一种发电机单元与连接臂连接结构示意图。
图5d为本公开一实施例提供的一种发电机单元与连接臂连接结构示意图。
图5e为本公开一实施例提供的一种发电机单元与连接臂连接结构示意图。
图5f为本公开一实施例提供的一种发电机单元与连接臂连接结构示意图。
图5g为本公开一实施例提供的一种发电机单元的受力分析图。
图6a为本公开一实施例提供的一种发电机单元与连接绳连接结构示意图。
图6b为本公开一实施例提供的一种发电机单元与连接绳连接结构示意图。
图6c为本公开一实施例提供的发电机单元与连接绳连接时状态变化图。
【符号说明】
10、11、12、13-发电机单元；      20、21、22-连接件；
101、111、121-壳体；             102-发电结构；
103-空间；
211-前连接臂；                   221-后连接臂；
212-前连接绳；                   222-后连接绳。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本公开进一步详细说明。
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
请参考图1和图2a，本公开的示例性实施例中提供了一种波浪能发电装置，包括发电机单元网络，该发电机单元网络包括多个发电机单元以及连接该多个发电机单元的连接件，其中：每一个发电机单元10包括壳体101和发电结构102，壳体101具有封闭结构并在内部形成空间，发电结构102位于壳体101内部形成的空间用于发电；每一个发电机单元的壳体与至少一个其他发电机单元的壳体之间通过一个连接件20连接，当一个发电机单元11在水流作用下动作时，通过另一个连接件21向另一个发电机单元12传递可对发电机单元12产生扭矩的作用力，使另一个发电机单元12在水流以及连接件21传递的作用力下发生旋转或者摆动，进而发生机械运动，将机械能转换为电能输出。
图1和图2a所示实施例提供的波浪能发电装置，由发电机单元网络构成，包括多个发电机单元10以及连接件20，如图1所示，每一个发电机单元包括具有封闭结构以在内部形成空间的壳体101，每个发电机单元的壳体与至少一个其他发电机单元的壳体之间通过连接件20连接，该发电机单元网络结构简单灵活、易于扩展、质量轻、成本低；同时，如图2a所示，当发电机单元网络中的一个发电机单元11在水流作用下动作时，该发电机单元11发生机械运动，并基于发电机单元11的发电原理，壳体 101内部的发电结构102进行发电，将机械能转换为电能输出，且该发电机单元11通过连接件21的连接向另一个发电机单元12传递可对发电机单元12产生扭矩的作用力，以使另一个发电机单元12在水流以及连接件21传递的作用力下发生旋转或者摆动，进而发生机械运动，将机械能转换为电能输出。其中，连接件通过作用力矩将波浪运动转化为发电机单元的旋转或者摆动动作，进而将机械能转换为电能输出，同时连接件在发电机单元之间传递机械能，对发电机单元网络中各局部发电机单元所受到的机械作用能量起到均衡作用，并且连接件对各发电机单元产生约束，使得每个发电机单元能够维持在正常的工作姿态，提高了发电效率。
在图1和图2a所示实施例提供的波浪能发电装置中，发电机单元网络内的发电机单元可以呈放射状结构分布、或者呈蜂窝状方式分布、或者呈树状方式分布、或者呈阵列状分布等分布形式或者以上分布形式的混合形式，该波浪能发电装置不限于上述分布形式，形式多样、易于扩展，并且不限于一层分布，也可以对发电机单元进行多层堆垛向水下深度方向拓展。如图2a和图3a为发电机单元网络中的多个发电机单元呈矩阵状分布时的两种分布形式，图2a为呈矩形点阵排列状的发电机网络结构示意图，图2b为图2a结构示意图的顶部连接示意图，图2c为图2a结构示意图的底部连接示意图，图3a为呈平行四边形点阵排列状的发电机网络结构示意图，图3b为图3a结构示意图的顶部连接示意图，图3c为图3a结构示意图的底部连接示意图。
上述实施例提供的波浪能发电装置中，发电机单元网络中，至少一部分连接件2可以为弹性材料制备的连接臂，由于连接臂具有弹性，通过连接臂的弹性弯曲和回复，使发电机单元网络产生振动，并可与波浪波动产生共振，从而更大程度上吸收波浪能。
上述实施例提供的波浪能发电装置中，当发电机单元网络内的发电机单元呈矩阵状分布时，每一行发电机单元或者每一列发电机单元中，每相邻的三个发电机单元中：如图4a所示，中间发电机单元12与前一个发电机单元11之间的连接臂为前连接臂211，且中间发电机单元12与后一个发电机单元13连接的连接臂为后连接臂221，前连接臂211与后连接臂221不共线。当前连接臂211与后连接臂221不共线时，在水流的作用下 发电机单元12动作，不共线的前连接臂211和后连接臂221对发电机单元12的运动产生约束并且对其施加了不共线的反作用力，如图4b所示为发电机单元12的受力分析图，F 21x，F 23x几个不共线分力对发电机单元12产生力矩作用，使发电单元12产生更适于发电的有效运动形式，如旋转或摆动。
具体地，当中间发电机单元12处于波浪的波谷时，前一个发电机单元11和后一个发电机单元13会由水波的作用向中间发电机单元12靠拢，从而使前连接臂211和后连接臂221受到挤压及变形并产生反作用力，当中间发电机单元12处于波峰时，前一个发电机单元11和后一个发电机单元13会由于水波的作用而远离中间发电机单元12，拉动前连接臂211和后连接臂221，并使前连接臂211和后连接臂221产生显著弯曲变形，如图4c所示，连接臂211和221产生的反作用力使中间发电机单元12旋转或者摆动。随着波浪的波动，中间发电机单元12会交替处于波峰和波谷附近，发电机单元网络在上述两种状态间交替变化，产生往复扩张-收缩运动，将波浪波动高效转化为发电机单元的转动或摆动等对于发电有效的运动形式。
上述实施例提供的波浪能发电装置中，前连接臂211处于常态时的延伸方向与后连接臂221处于常态时的延伸方向平行，且前连接臂211和后连接臂221分别位于中间发电机单元121几何中心的两侧；或者，前连接臂211处于常态时的延伸方向与后连接臂221处于常态时的延伸方向相交，其中，两连接臂的常态表示的是连接臂没有受到挤压或者拉力而变形的状态。如图5a至图5f，列举出了几种前连接臂211和后连接臂221的连接结构，两连接臂的优选布置方案为不共线布置，其中，图5e和图5f所示连接结构为两种特殊情况，前连接臂211和后连接臂221共线，图5f所示的连接结构受力分析图如图5g所示。发电机单元网络中发电机单元的连接可以为上述同一种连接结构的连接也可以为不同种连接结构的混合连接。
上述实施例提供的波浪能发电装置中，如图4a所示，每一个发电机单元为球形发电机，发电机单元的壳体具有空心球状结构；当前连接臂211处于常态时的延伸方向与后连接臂221处于常态时的延伸方向平行时，常 用的一种连接方式为，前连接臂211和后连接臂221中至少一个的延伸方向与中间发电机单元的壳体外表面相切，如图5a和5b。当然，也存在前连接臂211和后连接臂221不与发电机单元相切的一种情况，例如图5c。
需要说明的是，本实施例中，以发电机单元为球形结构举例，但是每一个发电机单元的结构不限于球形结构，也可以为其他结构，例如椭球形结构、正方体结构、长方体结构等等；相应地，发电机单元的壳体结构也可以为空心椭球状、空心正方体状、空心长方体状等等。
上述实施例提供的波浪能发电装置中，连接臂的形状可以为片状、板状、或者杆状等，这种设计结构简单、易于制作和扩展，当连接臂的形状为片状、板状和杆状时，前连接臂211和后连接臂221可能不共面。
上述实施例提供的波浪能发电装置中，连接臂的材料可以为塑料、碳纤维、金属或者复合材料等，以上材料具有弹性并且常见，容易制作，节约了生产成本。
上述实施例提供的波浪能发电装置中，如图1所示，连接臂20与发电机单元10的壳体101之间可以用粘接、焊接、或者通过铆钉铆接等接法连接，接法简单，易于完成。
上述实施例提供的波浪能发电装置中，可选地，发电机单元网络中，至少一部分连接件还可以为连接绳，且在采用连接绳连接的发电机单元中，发电机单元12与前一个发电机单元11之间的连接绳为前连接绳212，且发电机单元12与后一个发电机单元13连接的连接绳为后连接绳222，且当发电机单元网络处于平面展开状态、且各个发电机单元的几何中心共面时，前连接绳212与后连接绳222共面、且前连接绳212和后连接绳222所在平面与发电机单元的壳体外表面相交，如图6a和图6b所示，即连接件21和22共线的情况下，连接件21和22也可设置为连接绳212和连接绳222；其中，连接绳的材料可以为线和绳等，连接绳的作用仅可承受拉力。如图6c所示，同一平面上，三个用连接绳连接的发电机单元中，在水流的作用下，中间发电机单元12随着波浪的动作而运动，在运动的过程中，前连接绳212和后连接绳222对相连接的中间发电机单元12产生反作用的拉力，使得中间发电机单元12在拉力的不共线分力作用下受到力矩作用，产生旋转或者摆动等运动，图6c中，中间发电机单元12在产 生的反作用的拉力的作用下，由实线所示的状态旋转或者摆动至虚线所示的状态。
上述实施例提供的波浪能发电装置中，如图6a所示，常用的一种连接方式为，每一个发电机单元中，前连接绳与发电机单元壳体的连接点与后连接绳与发电机单元壳体的连接点之间的连线经过发电机单元的几何中心。如图6b所示，两个连接绳的连接点之间的连线也可以不经过发电机单元的几何中心。
上述实施例提供的波浪能发电装置中，发电机单元可以为以下发电机中的一种或者多种：摩擦纳米发电机、压电纳米发电机、电磁发电机、混合式发电机等。
上述实施例提供的波浪能发电装置中，发电机单元的优选方案为摩擦纳米发电机，当所述发电机单元为所述摩擦纳米发电机时，所述壳体101内部形成摩擦空间，所述发电结构102包括位于所述摩擦空间内的运动体，具体地，发电结构102可以为运动体，更具体地，上述运动体为滚动体，如图1所示。当发电机单元10在水流或者连接件20的反作用力作用下运动时，壳体101发生机械运动，滚动体由于惯性或者重力等作用相对壳体101运动，基于摩擦纳米发电机的发电原理，将机械能转换为电能输出。
上述实施例中，摩擦纳米发电机的基本原理是利用摩擦(接触)在滚动体和壳体摩擦空间的表面(其中至少一个为绝缘材料)生成静电荷，当接触表面分离时，静电荷的分离产生电势差，驱动绝缘表面下感应电极中的自由电荷定向移动，从而收集环境中的机械能，并转化为电能。摩擦纳米发电技术尤其适用于收集低频运动的机械能，且具有结构简单、成本低、材料选择丰富等优势。
综上所述，本公开提供了一种波浪能发电装置，该波浪能发电装置包括发电机单元网络，该发电机单元网络具有多个发电机单元以及连接该多个发电机单元的连接件，结构简单灵活、易于扩展、质量轻、成本低。其中，当发电机单元网络中的一个发电机单元在水流作用下动作时，该发电机单元发生机械运动，并基于发电机单元的发电原理，发电机单元的壳体内部的发电结构进行发电，将机械能转换为电能输出，且该发电机单元通过连接件的连接向另一个发电机单元传递可对另一个发电机单元产生扭 矩的作用力，以使另一个发电机单元在水流以及连接件传递的作用力下发生旋转或者摆动，进而发生机械运动，并基于发电机单元的发电原理，将机械能转换为电能输出。此外，连接件通过作用力矩将波浪运动转化为发电机单元的旋转或者摆动动作，进而将机械能转换为电能输出，同时连接件在发电机单元之间传递机械能，对发电机单元网络中各局部发电机单元所受到的机械作用能量起到均衡作用，并且对各发电机单元产生约束，使得每个发电机单元能够维持在正常的工作姿态，提高了发电效率。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本公开的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本公开的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，包括发电机单元网络，所述发电机单元网络包括多个发电机单元以及连接所述多个发电机单元的连接件，其中：
    每一个所述发电机单元包括壳体和发电结构，所述壳体具有封闭结构且在内部形成空间，所述发电结构位于所述空间内；
    每一个发电机单元的壳体与至少一个其他发电机单元的壳体之间通过所述连接件连接，当一个发电机单元在水流作用下动作时，通过所述连接件向另一个发电机单元传递可对所述另一个发电机单元产生扭矩的作用力，使所述另一个发电机单元在水流以及所述连接件传递的作用力下发生旋转或者摆动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述发电机单元网络内的发电机单元呈放射状结构分布、或者呈蜂窝状方式分布、或者呈树状方式分布、或者呈阵列状分布。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述发电机单元网络中，至少一部分所述连接件为弹性材料制备的连接臂。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，当所述发电机单元网络内的发电机单元呈矩阵状分布时，每一行发电机单元或者每一列发电机单元中，每相邻的三个发电机单元中：
    中间发电机单元与前一个发电机单元之间的连接臂为前连接臂，且所述中间发电机单元与后一个发电机单元连接的连接臂为后连接臂，所述前连接臂与所述后连接臂不共线。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述前连接臂处于常态时的延伸方向与所述后连接臂处于常态时的延伸方向平行，且所述前连接臂和所述后连接臂分别位于所述中间发电机单元几何中心的两侧；或者，
    所述前连接臂处于常态时的延伸方向与所述后连接臂处于常态时的延伸方向相交。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，每一个所 述发电机单元为球形发电机；当所述前连接臂处于常态时的延伸方向与所述后连接臂处于常态时的延伸方向平行时，所述前连接臂和所述后连接臂中至少一个的延伸方向与所述中间发电机单元的壳体外表面相切。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述连接臂的形状为片状、板状、或者杆状。
  8. 根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述连接臂的材料为塑料、碳纤维、金属或者复合材料。
  9. 根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述连接臂与所述发电机单元的壳体之间粘接、焊接、或者通过铆钉铆接。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述发电机单元网络中，至少一部分所述连接件为连接绳，且采用所述连接绳连接的发电机单元中，该发电机单元与前一个发电机单元之间的连接绳为前连接绳，且该发电机单元与后一个发电机单元连接的连接绳为后连接绳，且当所述发电机单元网络处于平面展开状态、且各个发电机单元的几何中心共面时，所述前连接绳与所述后连接绳共面、且所述前连接绳和所述后连接绳所在平面与所述发电机单元的壳体外表面相交。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，每一个所述发电机单元中，所述前连接绳与所述发电机单元壳体的连接点与所述后连接绳与所述发电机单元壳体的连接点之间的连线经过所述发电机单元的几何中心。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，当所述发电机单元网络中的多个发电机单元呈矩阵状分布时，所述矩阵状为矩阵点阵排列状、或者平行四边形点阵排列状。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，所述发电机单元包括以下发电机中的一种或者多种：摩擦纳米发电机、压电纳米发电机、电磁发电机或混合式发电机。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的波浪能发电装置，其特征在于，当所述发电机单元为所述摩擦纳米发电机时，所述壳体内部形成摩擦空间，所述发电结构包括位于所述摩擦空间内的运动体。
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