WO2019080441A1 - 一种含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头及试验方法 - Google Patents

一种含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头及试验方法

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Publication number
WO2019080441A1
WO2019080441A1 PCT/CN2018/079590 CN2018079590W WO2019080441A1 WO 2019080441 A1 WO2019080441 A1 WO 2019080441A1 CN 2018079590 W CN2018079590 W CN 2018079590W WO 2019080441 A1 WO2019080441 A1 WO 2019080441A1
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Prior art keywords
pressing head
sealing
sample
cuboid
heat
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PCT/CN2018/079590
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨圣奇
田文岭
殷鹏飞
刘相如
温森
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Application filed by China University of Mining and Technology CUMT, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB filed Critical China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Priority to US16/617,486 priority Critical patent/US11085860B2/en
Publication of WO2019080441A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019080441A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of experimental research on fracture failure mechanical behavior of pre-formed fractured rock mass, and particularly relates to the experimental study on fracture failure behavior of pre-formed fractured rock mass under triaxial compression conditions.
  • the pre-formed crack is two-dimensionally flat on the surface of the square sample, and the sealing can be relatively easy. Therefore, the present invention mainly solves the sealing problem of a pre-formed cuboid rock sample in a conventional triaxial compression test.
  • a sealing indenter comprising a conventional triaxial test of a pre-formed cuboid rock, comprising an upper indenter and a lower indenter, the upper indenter and the lower indenter being respectively disposed at upper and lower ends of the sample, the upper indenter comprising A circular portion and a square portion are disposed in this order from top to bottom, and the lower pressing head includes a square portion, a circular portion, and a threaded portion which are disposed in order from top to bottom.
  • the circular portion is provided with a first sealing ring
  • the square portion is provided with two sealing rings, which are respectively a second sealing ring and a third sealing ring.
  • a first space chamfer is disposed at a contact portion between the square portion and the sample, a portion between the two seal rings on the square portion is provided with a plane chamfer, and a portion where the square portion meets the circular portion is provided with a second space Chamfering.
  • a conventional triaxial test method for a pre-formed cuboid rectangular rock comprising the following steps:
  • the heat-shrinkable tube is sleeved on the fixed upper pressing head, the pre-formed cuboid rectangular sample and the lower pressing head, and the heat-shrinkable tube is heated by using a hot air blower, so that the heat-shrinkable tube and the upper and lower indenters and the pre-formed cracks are included.
  • the cuboid sample is tightly coupled;
  • the tape is a heat resistant tape.
  • the length of the heat-shrinkable tube should ensure that the heat-shrinkable tube can be sealed to the position of the sealing ring after heat shrinking.
  • the sealing indenter of the conventional triaxial test of the pre-formed cuboidal rock provided by the present invention comprises two upper and lower pressure heads respectively placed on the upper and lower ends of the sample, and the upper pressing head directly intersects with the pressure head inside the upper end pressure chamber. Contact, transmitting axial pressure.
  • the circular part of the upper indenter and the lower indenter mainly serves as sealing and pressure transmission, and the square part mainly functions to fit the square end surface of the rock sample to transmit uniform pressure; the corner of the square portion of the indenter is chamfered, The part of the sealing ring is chamfered in the plane, the circular part and the square part are chamfered in space, and the chamfering is used on the one hand to prevent the square part from being too sharp and the heat-shrinkable tube is cut under high hydrostatic pressure, and the other is
  • the aspect is to make the sealing ring and the heat-shrinkable tube can be well matched to achieve the desired sealing effect.
  • sealing rings there are three layers of sealing rings on the upper and lower indenters, two of which are arranged in the square part of the indenter and one layer is arranged in the circular part of the indenter.
  • the arrangement of the sealing ring is because the circular indenter can ensure the sealing ring and The pressure between the indenter, the sealing ring and the heat shrinkable tube is tightly combined after being subjected to oil pressure.
  • the two-layer sealing ring arranged on the square part of the indenter can play a secondary protection function, that is, the sealing function can still be achieved after the sealing of the circular part of the indenter fails.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an upper pressing head of a sealing indenter of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a lower pressing head of a sealing indenter of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the sealing ram of the present invention mounted on a sample containing a pre-formed cuboid
  • Figure 1 and 2 show a sealing head with a conventional triaxial test of pre-formed cuboidal rock, including an upper head and a lower head.
  • the upper head and the lower head are respectively placed on the upper and lower sides of the sample.
  • the upper pressing head comprises a circular portion 2 and a square portion 1 which are arranged in order from top to bottom.
  • the square portion mainly functions to fit the square end surface of the rock sample to transmit uniform pressure, and the circular portion is square portion and upper end pressure.
  • the transfer between the chambers is mainly to ensure the sealing of the sample.
  • the lower pressing head comprises a square portion 1, a circular portion 2 and a threaded portion 3 which are arranged in order from top to bottom.
  • the square portion mainly functions to fit the square end surface of the rock sample to transmit uniform pressure
  • the circular portion is a square portion and
  • the transfer of the threaded part mainly serves to ensure the sealing of the sample.
  • the threaded part mainly installs and fixes the lower pressing head on the base of the conventional three-axis device.
  • the first sealing ring 4 is disposed on the circular portion 2 to mainly serve as a sealing function; the square portion 1 is provided with two sealing rings, which are a second sealing ring 5 and a third sealing ring 6, respectively, mainly in the first sealing
  • the ring 4 fails to enter the oil, it acts to block the hydraulic oil from entering again, thereby improving the overall sealing performance of the pressure head.
  • Such a sealing ring arrangement is because the circular indenter can ensure that the sealing ring and the indenter are tightly combined between the sealing ring and the heat shrinkable tube after being subjected to oil pressure.
  • the two-layer sealing ring arranged on the square part of the indenter can play a secondary protection function, that is, the sealing function can still be achieved after the sealing of the circular part of the indenter fails.
  • a first space chamfer 7 is disposed at a contact portion of the square portion 1 and the sample, and a portion between the two seal rings on the square portion 1 is provided with a plane chamfer 8, and the square portion 1 is disposed at a position where the circular portion 2 meets There is a second space chamfer 9.
  • the purpose of chamfering is to avoid sharp corners from cutting the heat-shrinkable tube under high hydrostatic pressure conditions, causing the sample to enter the oil, failing the test, and ensuring that the heat-shrinkable tube is tightly coupled to the three seal rings.
  • a conventional triaxial test method for prefabricated cuboid rectangular rock with sealing indenter using the above-mentioned sealing indenter with conventional triaxial test of pre-formed cuboidal rock, combined with heat-shrinkable tube and steel sheet to complete rock sample with pre-formed cuboid cuboid
  • the seal is then subjected to a subsequent conventional triaxial compression test, the specific steps are:
  • the tape is also made of heat-resistant tape, and the purpose of fixing with the tape is also to prevent the sample from being misaligned during the shrinkage of the heat-shrinkable tube. Lead to uneven force during compression in the later stage; press the upper head by hand during the fixing process so that the upper head is in close contact with the sample; at this time, the tape should not be higher than the lowest of the three seals on the upper head. Three sealing ring 6, otherwise it will affect the sealing effect of the sealing ring;
  • the heat shrinkable tube is sleeved on the fixed upper pressing head 14, the pre-formed cuboid rectangular sample 10 and the lower pressing head 15, and the heat-shrinkable tube is heated by using a hot air blower, so that the heat-shrinkable tube and the upper and lower pressing heads are The sample containing the pre-formed cuboid is tightly combined; at this time, it should be noted that the heat-shrinkable tube should exceed the first sealing ring 4 of the circular part of the indenter after heat shrinking. If it is not exceeded or just reached, the heat-shrinkable tube should be cut off and resealed;

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

一种含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头及试验方法，该密封压头包括上压头（14）和下压头（15），上压头（14）和下压头（15）分别用于设置在试样（10）的上下两端，上压头（14）包括自上而下依次设置的圆形部分（2）和方形部分（1），下压头（15）包括自上而下依次设置的方形部分（1）、圆形部分（2）和螺纹部分（3）。采用该含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头，结合热缩管和钢片（12）完成对含预制裂隙长方体岩石试样（10）的密封，从而进行后续的常规三轴压缩试验。解决了预制裂隙长方体岩石试样（10）在常规三轴压缩试验中的密封问题。通过大量试验证明，该密封压头及方法简单易行，密封效果良好，成功地实现了方形岩石试样的常规三轴压缩。

Description

一种含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头及试验方法 技术领域
本发明涉及到含预制裂隙岩体的断裂破坏力学行为试验研究领域，特别涉及到三轴压缩条件下含预制裂隙岩体的断裂破坏行为的试验研究。
背景技术
目前，在含预制裂隙岩体的试验领域，大部分为研究含预制裂隙岩体的单轴压缩力学行为，而常规三轴压缩试验很少涉及，即使涉及到常规三轴裂隙岩体的力学行为也是以类岩石材料来代替真实岩石。在常规三轴压缩试验试验中一般使用的是圆柱体试样，但是圆柱体预制裂隙试样比较困难，而另一方面，裂隙试样压力室的油压作用中的密封较难实现。在此基础上使用长方体试样代替圆柱体试样，一方面长方体试样可以方便地在其中预制裂隙，另一方面预制裂隙在方形试样表面是二维平面的，可以比较容易实现密封。因此，本发明主要解决了预制裂隙长方体岩石试样在常规三轴压缩试验中的密封问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头及试验方法，以解决预制裂隙长方体岩石试样常规三轴压缩试验的密封问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头，包括上压头和下压头，上压头和下压头分别用于设置在试样的上下两端，所述上压头包括自上而下依次设置的圆形部分和方形部分，所述下压头包括自上而下依次设置的方形部分、圆形部分和螺纹部分。
所述圆形部分上设置有第一密封圈，方形部分上设置有两个密封圈，分别为第二密封圈和第三密封圈。
所述方形部分与试样的接触处设置有第一空间倒角，方形部分上两个密封圈之间的部分设置有平面倒角，方形部分与圆形部分相接之处设置有第二空间倒角。
一种含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将钢片通过热熔胶覆盖黏贴到含预制裂隙长方体试样的预制裂隙上；
(2)将下压头通过螺纹部分固定在常规三轴压缩设备的底座上；
(3)将黏贴有钢片的含预制裂隙长方体试样放置在下压头上，并使用胶带将试样端部与下压头固定；
(4)使用胶带将上压头与含预制裂隙长方体试样固定在一起；
(5)将热缩管套在固定好的上压头、含预制裂隙长方体试样及下压头上，并使用热风机对热缩管加热，使得热缩管与上下压头及含预制裂隙长方体试样紧密结合；
(6)随后将含预制裂隙长方体试样推入围压室实进行充油、加围压和加轴压一系列操作，完成常规三轴压缩试验。
步骤(3)和(4)中，所述胶带为耐热胶带。
步骤(5)中，热缩管的长度应保证热缩管热缩后能够密封到密封圈位置。
有益效果：本发明提供的含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头，包括上下两个压头，分别放置在试样的上下两端，上压头直接与上端压力室内部压头相接触，传递轴向压力。上压头和下压头分的圆形部分主要作用为密封和压力传递，方形部分主要作用是贴合岩石试样的方形端面从而传递均匀的压力；压头方形部分的棱角进行倒角处理，安装密封圈部分为平面内倒角，圆形部分与方形部分为空间倒角，使用倒角一方面是为了防止方形部分棱角过于锋利导致热缩管在高静水压力条件下被割破，另一方面是为了使得密封圈与热缩管能够较好的吻合，达到理想的密封效果。上下压头上各装有三层密封圈，其中两层布置在压头的方形部分，一层布置在压头圆形的部分，这样的密封圈布置方案是因为圆形压头能保证密封圈与压头之间、密封圈与热缩管之间在受到油压作用后结合紧密。布置在压头方形部分的两层密封圈可以起到二次保护作用，即当压头圆形部分密封圈密封失败后仍能起到密封作用。通过大量试验证明，该密封压头及方法简单易行，密封效果良好，成功地实现了方形岩石试样的常规三轴压缩。
附图说明
图1为本发明的密封压头的上压头的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的密封压头的下压头的结构示意图；
图3为本发明的密封压头安装在含预制裂隙长方体试样上的示意图；
图中，1-方形部分，2-圆形部分，3-螺纹部分，4-第一密封圈，5-第二密封圈，6-第三密封圈，7-第一空间倒角，8-平面倒角，9-第二空间倒角，10-含预制裂隙长方体试样，11-胶带，12-钢片，13-裂隙，14-上压头，15-下压头。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。
如图1和2所示为一种含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头，包括上压头和下压头，上压头和下压头分别用于设置在试样的上下两端，上压头包括自上而下依次设置的圆形部分2和方形部分1，方形部分主要作用是贴合岩石试样的方形端面从而 传递均匀的压力，圆形部分为方形部分与上端压力室之间的转接，主要作用为保证试样的密封。下压头包括自上而下依次设置的方形部分1、圆形部分2和螺纹部分3，方形部分主要作用是贴合岩石试样的方形端面从而传递均匀的压力，圆形部分为方形部分与螺纹部分的转接，主要作用为保证试样的密封，螺纹部分主要是将下压头安装固定在常规三轴设备底座上。
圆形部分2上设置有第一密封圈4，主要起到密封作用；方形部分1上设置有两个密封圈，分别为第二密封圈5和第三密封圈6，主要是在第一密封圈4失效进油时发挥作用，再次阻隔液压油进入，从而提高压头的整体密封性。这样的密封圈布置方案是因为圆形压头能保证密封圈与压头之间、密封圈与热缩管之间在受到油压作用后结合紧密。布置在压头方形部分的两层密封圈可以起到二次保护作用，即当压头圆形部分密封圈密封失败后仍能起到密封作用。
方形部分1与试样的接触处设置有第一空间倒角7，方形部分1上两个密封圈之间的部分设置有平面倒角8，方形部分1与圆形部分2相接之处设置有第二空间倒角9。倒角的目的一方面是避免尖锐的棱角在高静水压力条件下将热缩管割破而导致试样进油，试验失败，另一方面可以保证热缩管与三个密封圈紧密结合。
一种密封压头的含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验方法，采用上述的含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头，结合热缩管和钢片完成对含预制裂隙长方体岩石试样的密封，从而进行后续的常规三轴压缩试验，具体步骤为：
(1)如图3所示，将钢片12通过热熔胶覆盖黏贴到含预制裂隙长方体试样10的预制裂隙13上；防止在高静水压力条件下液压油在预制裂隙位置将热缩管穿透；
(2)将下压头15通过螺纹部分固定在常规三轴压缩设备的底座上；
(3)将黏贴有钢片12的含预制裂隙长方体试样10放置在下压头上15，并使用胶带11将试样端部与下压头15固定，其中胶带采用耐热胶带；使用胶带固定的目的是防止在热缩管紧缩过程中试样发生错位，导致后期压缩过程中受力不均；在固定过程中用手按压下压头使得下压头与试样接触紧密；此时应注意胶带不要低于下压头上三个密封圈中最高的第三密封圈6，否则会影响密封圈的密封效果；
(4)使用胶带11将上压头14与含预制裂隙长方体试样10固定在一起；胶带同样采用耐热胶带，使用胶带固定的目的同样是防止在热缩管紧缩过程中试样发生错位，导致后期压缩过程中受力不均；在固定过程中用手按压上压头使得上压头与试样接触紧 密；此时应注意胶带不要高过上压头上三个密封圈中最低的第三密封圈6，否则会影响密封圈的密封效果；
(5)将热缩管套在固定好的上压头14、含预制裂隙长方体试样10及下压头15上，并使用热风机对热缩管加热，使得热缩管与上下压头及含预制裂隙长方体试样紧密结合；此时应注意热缩管热缩后要超过压头圆形部分的第一密封圈4，如果没有超过或刚刚达到，应该剪除热缩管重新密封；
(6)随后将含预制裂隙长方体试样推入围压室实进行充油、加围压和加轴压一系列操作，完成常规三轴压缩试验。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头，其特征在于：包括上压头和下压头，上压头和下压头分别用于设置在试样的上下两端，所述上压头包括自上而下依次设置的圆形部分(2)和方形部分(1)，所述下压头包括自上而下依次设置的方形部分(1)、圆形部分(2)和螺纹部分(3)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头，其特征在于：所述圆形部分(2)上设置有第一密封圈(4)，方形部分(1)上设置有两个密封圈，分别为第二密封圈(5)和第三密封圈(6)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头，其特征在于：所述方形部分(1)与试样的接触处设置有第一空间倒角(7)，方形部分(1)上两个密封圈之间的部分设置有平面倒角(8)，方形部分(1)与圆形部分(2)相接之处设置有第二空间倒角(9)。
  4. 一种基于权利要求1-3任一所述的密封压头的含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    (1)将钢片通过热熔胶覆盖黏贴到含预制裂隙长方体试样的预制裂隙上；
    (2)将下压头通过螺纹部分固定在常规三轴压缩设备的底座上；
    (3)将黏贴有钢片的含预制裂隙长方体试样放置在下压头上，并使用胶带将试样端部与下压头固定；
    (4)使用胶带将上压头与含预制裂隙长方体试样固定在一起；
    (5)将热缩管套在固定好的上压头、含预制裂隙长方体试样及下压头上，并使用热风机对热缩管加热，使得热缩管与上下压头及含预制裂隙长方体试样紧密结合；
    (6)随后将含预制裂隙长方体试样推入围压室实进行充油、加围压和加轴压一系列操作，完成常规三轴压缩试验。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)和(4)中，所述胶带为耐热胶带。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验方法，其特征在于：步骤(5)中，热缩管的长度应保证热缩管热缩后能够密封到密封圈位置。
PCT/CN2018/079590 2017-10-23 2018-03-20 一种含预制裂隙长方体岩石常规三轴试验的密封压头及试验方法 Ceased WO2019080441A1 (zh)

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