WO2019069311A1 - Dispositif électronique portable alimenté par collecte d'énergie cinétique - Google Patents

Dispositif électronique portable alimenté par collecte d'énergie cinétique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019069311A1
WO2019069311A1 PCT/IL2018/051083 IL2018051083W WO2019069311A1 WO 2019069311 A1 WO2019069311 A1 WO 2019069311A1 IL 2018051083 W IL2018051083 W IL 2018051083W WO 2019069311 A1 WO2019069311 A1 WO 2019069311A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
kinetic energy
nano
portable electronic
electronic device
energy transducers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2018/051083
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ragib ABU RUKAEN
Rami DROBI
Original Assignee
Abu Rukaen Ragib
Drobi Rami
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abu Rukaen Ragib, Drobi Rami filed Critical Abu Rukaen Ragib
Publication of WO2019069311A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019069311A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/08—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to portable electronic devices requiring electrical power for their operation and specifically to those powered by harvesting kinetic energy.
  • a portable electronic device such as an electronic wristwatch, a media player (e.g. iPod), an electronic book, or a cellphone, typically contains one or more electrical batteries which supply the electrical power requirements of the device, hi the course of use, the batteries !ose power and must be replaced or recharged periodically; otherwise, the portable device stops working. Normally, this requires suspending portable operation of the device for a long period of time; for example, by physically attaching it to a separate electronic charger plugged into an electrical wall outlet.
  • thermoelectrically-powered wrist watch in which thermal energy is picked up by the metal back of the watch casing, and is transferred to the hot pole of an electro- thermal generator.
  • the source of the thermal energy is the body heat of the wearer, whose body temperature is nominally 37 degrees Celsius,
  • thermoelectric power is available only when the watch is attached to the wrist of the wearer and the ambient air temperature is less than 37 degrees Celsius.
  • thermoelectric power available is proportional to the area of the watch casing in contact with the wrist of the wearer, which, for a round casing with a radius of two centimeters is only 12.6 square centimeters.
  • the maximum amount of thermoelectric power available in this case is at most a few milliwatts. This is insufficient for modem portable devices requiring at least 500 milliwatts of time-averaged power, in order to operate indefinitely without interruption.
  • US Patent Number 8487456 to Donelan et al, entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Harvesting Biomechanicai Energy " , dated July 16, 2013, discloses methods and apparatus for harvesting energy from motion of one or more joints comprising a generator, one or more sensors, and control circuitry.
  • Some embodiments include a roller clutch and a gear mechanism, which converts high-torque, low-speed mechanical power to high-speed, low-torque mechanical power. The latter is better suited as input to a generator, such as a rotary-magnetic brushless DC motor, Although this approach can deliver relatively large amounts of electrical power, it is overly cumbersome for many applications involving portable electronic devices,
  • US Patent Application Number 12/288926 to Leukkunen entitled “Kinetic Harvesting Frequency Optimizer', filed on October 24, 2008, discloses an apparatus with a kinetic energy scavenger mechanism and a frequency tuning system.
  • the kinetic energy scavenger mechanism harvests energy from a movement of a portable device and includes at least one piezo member.
  • the frequency tuning system tunes the harv esting frequency of the at least one piezo member.
  • US Patent Application Number 15/159,225, to Wang et al,, entitled 'Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting Broadband Kinetic Impact Energy", filed on May 19, 2016. discloses a triboelectric generator having a first triboelectric member, which includes a first conductive layer and an insulating triboelectric material layer having a first position on a triboelectric series; and an elastic member, which includes a second conductive material having a second position on the triboelectric series. Ambient mechanical energy is harvested by compressing and then releasing the elastic member, thereby causing electrical charges to flow between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, through- an. electrical load,, such as a battery.
  • the present invention discloses a portable electronic device powered by kinetic energy harvesting, which overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art with regard to time-averaged power and physical form factor.
  • the portable electronic device of the present, invention includes a rechargeable battery, a nano-kinetic energy array consisting of a multiplicity of nano-kinetic energy transducers, and a power combiner.
  • the nano-kinetic energy transducers convert random mechanical vibrations from the ambient environment into electrical power; and the power combiner sums the electrical power of all the transducers, and outputs it to the rechargeable battery.
  • each of the nano-kinetic energy transducers includes an electricity generator, a suspension, and a pedestal.
  • the suspension is made of an elastic material, such as . Phosphor Bronze, spring steel, or Beryllium Copper.
  • the nano-kinetic energy transducers have approximately the same resonant vibrational frequency.
  • the nano-kinetic energy transducers have substantially different resonant vibrational frequencies.
  • At least one of the nano-kinetic energy transducers has a resonant vibrational frequency which is less than or equal to 60 hertz.
  • at least one of the nano-kinetic energy transducers includes an electromagnetic electricity generator,
  • the electromagnetic electricity generator includes a body comprised of magnetic material, a spring, and one or more conducting coils.
  • At least one of the nano-kinetic energy transducers includes a piezoelectric electricity generator.
  • At least one of the nano-kinetic energy transducers includes a triboelectric electricity generator.
  • the nano-kinetic energy array has a rectangular geometry.
  • the nano-kinetic energy array has a hexagonal geometry.
  • the nano-kinetic energy array includes at least one thousand nano-kinetic energy transducers.
  • the power combiner includes at least one two-to-one power combiner.
  • the two-to-one power combiner is a Wilkinson power combiner.
  • the volume occupied by at least one of the nano-kinetic energy transducers is less than or equal to 0.04 cubic centimeters.
  • the volume occupied by at least one of the nano-kinetic energy transducers is greater than or equal to 0.004 cubic centimeters.
  • FIG. 1A is a drawing showing a prior-art portable electronic device, as viewed from the back,
  • FIG. IB is a drawing showing the prior-art portable electronic device of FIG. I A, as viewed from the side.
  • FIG. 2A is a drawing showing an exemplary portable electronic device according to an embodiment of the i nvention, as view ed from the back.
  • FIG. 2B is a drawing showing the exemplary portable electronic device of FIG, 2A, as viewed from the side.
  • FIG. 3 is a drawing showing an exemplary nano-kinetic energy transducer according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4(a) is a piciure showing an exemplary nano-kinetic energy transducer according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4(b) is a picture showing a multiplicity of exemplary nano-kinetic energy transducers according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a picture showing a portion of an exemplary nano-kinetic energy array according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a drawing showing an exemplary power combiner according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a drawing showing an exemplary electricity generator according to an embodiment of the invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • the present invention is a portable electronic device powered by kinetic energy harvesting.
  • the principles of the present invention may be better understood with reference to the drawings and the accompanying description.
  • FIG. 1 A shows a prior-art portable electronic device 100, as viewed from the back, with all protective covers removed.
  • Device 100 is similar to many of the so- called “smartphones” currently manufactured by Apple, Samsung, LG Electronics, Huawei, and others.
  • Back face 1 10 of device 100 includes a variety of modules requiring electrical power, such as camera 150, camera flash 155, and speaker 170.
  • Back face 1 10 also includes a memory card 160 and a subscriber identification module (SIM) card 165, winch are connected to internal electronic circuitry (not shown). Volume control 175 protrudes from the side of device 100.
  • SIM subscriber identification module
  • Battery 120 Electrical power is supplied by rechargeable battery 120 which rests inside battery compartment 1 15, and connects to internal electronic circuitry by means of positive spring contact 140 and negative spring contact 145, The battery is recharged periodically by connecting an external battery charger to battery charger connection 130. Connection 130 is in electrical contact with a charging protection circuit 125, which is part of the internal electronic circuitry of device 100. The dotted line surrounding circuit 125 indicates that it is not directly visible from the back of device 100.
  • battery 120 is a Lithium-ion rechargeable battery having a nominal voltage of 3,7 V, a capacity of about 3 ampere-hours (Ah), and a total stored energy of about 40,000 Joules (J).
  • the volume and weight of the battery are typically about 20 cubic centimeters (cc) and 50 grams (g), respectively.
  • the dimensions of battery compartment 1 15 are roughly 5 cm wide by 8 cm long by 0.5 cm thick. When the battery is fully charged, device 100 can operate for approximately 24 hours without recharging.
  • FIG. I B is a side view of device 100, showing front face 105 and back face 1 10, The separation distance between the two faces is typically about 0.8 cm.
  • FIG. 2A shows an exemplary portable electronic device 200 according to an embodiment of the invention, as viewed from the back. Like reference numbers correspond to those of FIG. 1 A.
  • Nano-kinetic energy array 215 completely covers the area (A) of battery compartment 1 15, whose value is approximately 5 cm multiplied by 8 cm, or 40 square cm.
  • Nano-kinetic energy array 215 consists of a large number (N) of individual nano-kinetic energy transducers 230. Each transducer 230 occupies an area (Al) equal to A/N. and produces a time-averaged electrical power, denoted by (PI), using the power from ambient random mechanical vibrations.
  • N, Al, and PI are equal to 1024, 0.04 square cm., and 0.5 mW, respectively.
  • Power combiner 240 is an electrical circuit which combines the electrical power provided by all N transducers 230 into a single total power output.
  • the combined electrical power at the output of power combiner 240 is slightly less man N times PI, owing to thermal losses.
  • N times PI is approximately 500 mW.
  • FIG. 2B shows an exemplary portable electronic device 200 according to an embodiment of the invention, as viewed from the side.
  • Nano-kinetic energy array 215 and power combiner 240 protrude from back face 110 by approximately 0.5 cm.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary nano-kinetic energy transducer 230 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Electricity generator 232 is in mechanical contact with suspension 234, which is in contact with pedestal 236.
  • pedestal 236 is set into motion.
  • the motion is amplified by suspension 234 and transmitted to electricity generator 232.
  • the latter vibrates with a time-varying acceleration, a(t), and produces a time-varying electrical current, i(t).
  • Pedestal 236 may be any convenient shape, for example, rectangular or trapezoidal.
  • Suspension 234 is preferably made of a highly elastic material, such as Phosphor Bronze, spring steel, or Beryllium Copper. The latter materials also conduct electricity, and therefore may serve the added function of conducting the electrical current, i(t), to pedestal 236. If non-conducting elastic material is used for suspension 234, an additional copper wire maybe needed to conduct electrical current through suspension 234.
  • the total volume occupied by nano-kinetic energy transducer 230 is approximately the area A3 multiplied by a thickness (T), as shown in FIG. 3. In the above-mentioned preferred embodiment having A l- 04 square cm., thickness (T) is typically between 0.1 cm and 1.0 cm.
  • the volume of transducer 230 is then between 0.004 and .04 cubic cm. (cc).
  • PI 0.5 mW
  • the electrical power density provided by nano-kinetic energy transducer 230 is between 12.5 and 125 mW/cc. This range of electrical power density is achievable by those skilled in the art of kinetic energy harvesting.
  • FIG. 4(a) and FIG. 4(b) are actual pictures showing a single exemplary nano- kinetic energy transducer and a multiplicity of exemplary nano-kinetic energy transducers, respectively, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a picture showing a portion of an exemplary nano-kinetic energy array according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the array in FIG. 5 has a rectangular geometry, however other geometries, such as hexagonal, may be used to increase the number of transducers per unit area.
  • the dimensions Dl and D2 indicated in the picture may or may not be equal. These two dimensions must, be large enough to avoid contact between adjacent nano-kinetic energy transducers, under the most extreme ambient vibration scenarios. Typical values of Dl and 02 range from 0.1 to 0.5 cm.
  • FIG. 6 is a drawing showing the structure of power combiner 240,
  • power combiner 240 is comprised of a multiplicity of two-to- one power combiners 245 arranged in stages, as shown in FIG. 6,
  • each two-to-one power combiner sums the output power of two individual nano- kinetic energy transducers 230, and delivers the combined power to the next stage-
  • the number of power signals requiring combination is reduced by a. factor of two.
  • the output signal contains the power of all N nano-kinetic energy transducers 230.
  • An exemplary two-to-one power combiner is the so-called Wilkinson power combiner, which is known to those skilled in the art of electrical circuit design,
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary electricity generator 232 according to an embodiment of the invention, which employs electromagnetic induction.
  • Body 250 is preferably made of a highly magnetic material such as Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) bonded to a high-density material, such as a tungsten alloy having a density of about 18 g/ec.
  • Body 250 is connected to spring 255 and oscillates in response to time-varying motion of pedestal 236 caused by ambient random ⁇ mechanical vibrations.
  • Conducting coils 260 are preferably made of copper or aluminum. The movement of body 250 inside conducting coils 260 gives rise to an induced electromotive force (emf). The induced emf produces a time-varying electrical current that is conducted out of nano-kinetic energy transducer 230 and into power combiner 240.
  • emf induced electromotive force
  • the resonant vibrational frequency (F) of body 250 is approximately equal to the square root of (K/M) divided by 2 ⁇ , where (K) is the force constant of spring 255 and M is the mass of body 250 in grams.
  • K is the force constant of spring 255
  • M is the mass of body 250 in grams.
  • M, K, and F are equal to 0.1 gram, ] 4000 dynes/cm, and 60 hertz (Hz), respectively.
  • the nano-kinetic energy transducers 230 may be designed to have substantially different resonant vibrational frequencies. This is especially advantageous in environments where the ambient random mechanical vibrations extend over a wide range of different frequencies.
  • the exemplary electricity generator of FIG. 7 may be replaced by one based upon alternative power harvesting technologies, that employ piezoelectric and/or triboelectric materials. Such technologies are known to those skilled in the art of kinetic energy harvesting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif électronique portable comprend une batterie rechargeable, un nanoréseau d'énergie cinétique ayant une multiplicité de nanotransducteurs d'énergie cinétique, et un combinateur de puissance. Le combinateur de puissance est électriquement connecté au nanoréseau d'énergie cinétique et à la batterie rechargeable. Les nanotransducteurs d'énergie cinétique convertissent les vibrations mécaniques aléatoires ambiantes en énergie électrique qui est utilisée pour charger la batterie rechargeable.
PCT/IL2018/051083 2017-10-04 2018-10-04 Dispositif électronique portable alimenté par collecte d'énergie cinétique WO2019069311A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762567770P 2017-10-04 2017-10-04
US62/567,770 2017-10-04

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WO2019069311A1 true WO2019069311A1 (fr) 2019-04-11

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021010909A1 (fr) * 2019-07-18 2021-01-21 Bren İleri̇ Teknoloji̇ Enerji̇ Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ Nanogénérateur hybride souple

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070257634A1 (en) * 2006-05-05 2007-11-08 Leschin Stephen J Self-powered portable electronic device
US20150214823A1 (en) * 2014-01-28 2015-07-30 Stryde Technologies Inc. d/b/a AMPY Kinetic energy harvesting methods and apparatus
US20160241119A1 (en) * 2013-09-27 2016-08-18 Apple Inc. Vibration Component that Harvests Energy for Electronic Devices

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070257634A1 (en) * 2006-05-05 2007-11-08 Leschin Stephen J Self-powered portable electronic device
US20160241119A1 (en) * 2013-09-27 2016-08-18 Apple Inc. Vibration Component that Harvests Energy for Electronic Devices
US20150214823A1 (en) * 2014-01-28 2015-07-30 Stryde Technologies Inc. d/b/a AMPY Kinetic energy harvesting methods and apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021010909A1 (fr) * 2019-07-18 2021-01-21 Bren İleri̇ Teknoloji̇ Enerji̇ Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ Nanogénérateur hybride souple

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