WO2019066852A1 - Procédés et appareil permettant de faciliter une commutation de bande dynamique dans un réseau wi-fi coopératif - Google Patents

Procédés et appareil permettant de faciliter une commutation de bande dynamique dans un réseau wi-fi coopératif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019066852A1
WO2019066852A1 PCT/US2017/054011 US2017054011W WO2019066852A1 WO 2019066852 A1 WO2019066852 A1 WO 2019066852A1 US 2017054011 W US2017054011 W US 2017054011W WO 2019066852 A1 WO2019066852 A1 WO 2019066852A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency band
band
roster
channel quality
network
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Application number
PCT/US2017/054011
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English (en)
Inventor
Xiaogang Chen
Qinghua Li
Po-Kai Huang
Feng Jiang
Laurent Cariou
Robert Stacey
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Intel Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Intel Corporation filed Critical Intel Corporation
Priority to PCT/US2017/054011 priority Critical patent/WO2019066852A1/fr
Publication of WO2019066852A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019066852A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates generally to wireless fidelity connectivity (Wi-Fi) and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus to facilitate dynamic band switching in a cooperative Wi- Fi network.
  • Wi-Fi wireless fidelity connectivity
  • Wi-Fi enabled devices include personal computers, video-game consoles, mobile phones and devices, digital cameras, tablets, smart televisions, digital audio players, etc.
  • Wi-Fi allows the Wi-Fi enabled devices to wirelessly access the Internet via a wireless local area network (WLAN).
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • a Wi-Fi access point transmits a radio frequency Wi-Fi signal to the Wi-Fi enabled device within the Wi-Fi signal's range (e.g., a hotspot).
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration of example access points used herein to facilitate dynamic band switching in a cooperative Wi-Fi network.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example band switching coordinator of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example band adjuster of FIG. 1
  • FIGS. 4-5 are flowcharts representative of example machine readable instructions that may be executed to implement the example band switching coordinator of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart representative of example machine readable instructions that may be executed to implement the example band adjuster of FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • FIGS. 7-9 are timing diagrams illustrating an example dynamic band switch performed by the example access point of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 10A-10D illustrate example communications between the example access point and an example station of FIG. 1 during a dynamic band switch.
  • FIG. 11 is a timing diagram illustrating dynamic band switching between three access points.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a processor platform structured to execute the example machine readable instructions of FIGS. 4-5 to implement the example band switching coordinator of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a processor platform structured to execute the example machine readable instructions of FIG. 6 to implement the example band adjuster of FIG. 2.
  • Wi-Fi enabled devices e.g., stations (STA)
  • STA stations
  • the locations may provide one or more Wi-Fi Access Points (APs) to output Wi-Fi signals to the Wi-Fi enabled device within a range of the Wi-Fi signals (e.g., a hotspot).
  • APs Wi-Fi Access Points
  • a Wi-Fi AP is structured to wirelessly connect a Wi-Fi enabled device to the Internet through a wireless local area network (WLAN) using Wi-Fi protocols (e.g., such as IEEE 802.11).
  • the Wi-Fi protocol is the protocol for how the AP communicates with the STAs to provide access to the Internet.
  • the Wi-Fi AP selects a frequency band (e.g., 2.4, gigahertz (GHz) 3.5 GHz, 6 GHz, 10 GHz, etc.) for transmission of messages, packets, signals, instructions, etc. between the AP and the connected STAs.
  • a frequency band may become noisy, busy, and/or overloaded, thereby reducing the channel quality between the AP and the connected STAs on the frequency band.
  • Examples disclosed herein facilitate dynamic band switching to allow an AP to switch frequency bands for communication with connected APs when the current frequency band has poor channel quality (e.g., noisy, busy, and/or overloaded).
  • Examples disclosed herein include an AP analyzing the quality of a currently utilized frequency band periodically, aperiodically, and/or based on a schedule. If the AP determines that the quality of the currently used frequency band is below a channel quality threshold (e.g., because the currently used frequency band is noisy, busy, overloaded, etc.), examples disclosed herein include transmitting a band switching information element (IE) to the connected STAs to move to a better quality frequency band that is above the channel quality threshold. In response to receiving the IE, the connected STAs transmits responses identifying a successful or unsuccessful band change (e.g., if they will or will not switch to the frequency band identified in the IE).
  • IE band switching information element
  • APs may be deployed in a given area. For example, trains, planes, conference rooms, stadiums, offices, plazas, etc. may include many APs to allow users to access the Internet at multiple locations within the space.
  • the two or more APs communicate with each other via a dedicated frequency band (e.g., an anchor band) to maintain roster data.
  • Roster data includes information related to the frequency bands being used by the APs in the connected network.
  • the first AP analyzes the roster data to determine that the second frequency band is being utilized and will not switch to the second frequency band (e.g., to avoid overloading the second frequency band).
  • the APs coordinate changes such that only one AP can switch frequency bands during a particular time slot. In this manner, two APs avoid switching to the same frequency band at the same time (e.g., thereby reducing the risk of overloading a frequency band).
  • FIG. 1 illustrates example access points 100a, 100b used herein to facilitate dynamic band switching in a cooperative Wi-Fi network.
  • the example of FIG. 1 includes the example access points 100a, 100b, an example band switching coordinator 102, example STAs 104a-104f, and an example network 105.
  • the illustrated example of FIG. 1 includes three STAs 104a-c connected to the AP 100a and three STAs 104d-f connected to the AP 100b, dynamic band switching may be facilitated between any number of STAs and/or APs.
  • the example APs lOOa-b of FIG. 1 are devices that allow the example STAs 104a-e to access the example network 105 (e.g., the Internet).
  • the example APs lOOa-b may be routers, modem-routers, and/or any other devices that provides a wireless connection to a network.
  • a router provides a wireless communication link to a STA. The router accesses the network through a wire connection via a modem.
  • a modem-router combines the functionalities of the modem and the router.
  • the APs lOOa-b of FIG. 1 each include the example band switching coordinator 102 to coordinate dynamic band switching of a connected STA to a different frequency band based on the channel quality of the currently utilized frequency band. For example, when the band switching coordinator 102 determines that the channel quality of the currently utilized frequency band is below a channel quality threshold, the example band switching coordinator 102 control the functionalities of the AP lOOa-b to assess the quality(ies) of the other frequency bands to identify a frequency band that is above the channel quality threshold. If the example band switching coordinator 102 identifies an available frequency band whose channel quality is above the channel quality threshold, the example band switching coordinator 102 facilitates a communication switch to the available frequency band.
  • the channel quality and/or channel quality threshold may be based on signal strength, link quality, signal latency, signal congestion, noise on the frequency band, and/or signal throughput.
  • the example band switching coordinator 102 maintains roster data corresponding to frequency bands being used by each of the example APs lOOa-b.
  • the roster data may include data identifying that the first example AP 100a is communicating with a first group of the example STAs lOOa-c using a first frequency band (e.g., band l) and that the second example AP 100b is communicating a second group of the example STAs lOOd-f using a second frequency band (e.g., band_2).
  • a first frequency band e.g., band l
  • band_2 second frequency band
  • the band switching coordinator 102 checks the roster data so that the frequency band corresponding to the second STA 104b is not used (e.g., band_2). Once the first example STA 104a changes frequency bands (e.g., to a third frequency band, band_3, for example), the band switching coordinator 102 transmits an update to the roster data using a dedicated frequency band (e.g., an anchor band).
  • the anchor band is a frequency band dedicated to communications between the example APS lOOa-b (e.g., corresponding to roster data updates).
  • the roster data may correspond to each time slot of FIG. 11. For example, slot 1 of FIG.
  • each AP is aware of which frequency band is reserved by which AP.
  • the example band switching coordinator 102 is further described below in conjunction with FIG. 2.
  • the example STAs 104a-f of FIG. 1 are Wi-Fi enabled computing devices.
  • the example STAs 104a-f may be, for example, computing devices, portable devices, mobile devices, mobile telephones, smart phones, tablets, gaming systems, digital cameras, digital video recorders, televisions, set top boxes, e-book readers, and/or any other Wi-Fi enabled devices.
  • the example STAs 104a-f communicate with the example APs 102a-b to access a network (e.g., the Internet).
  • the example STAs 104a-f each include an example band adjuster 106.
  • the example network 105 of FIG. 1 is a system of interconnected systems exchanging data.
  • the example network 105 may be implemented using any type of public or private network such as, but not limited to, the Internet, a telephone network, a local area network (LAN), a cable network, and/or a wireless network.
  • the example Wi-Fi APs lOOa-b each include a communication interface that enables a connection to an Ethernet, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, a coaxial cable, or any wireless connection, etc.
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • the band adjusters 106 of the first group of example STAs are configured to adjust the band adjusters 106 of the first group of example STAs.
  • the band adjusters 106 of the second group of the example STAs 104d-f facilitate communications with the second example AP 100b by instructing the radios of the STAs 104d-f to communicate using a second frequency band.
  • the example band adjuster 106 determines whether the desired frequency band is available (e.g., using a clear channel assessment (CCA)) and transmits a response to the corresponding AP 100a, 100b based on the availability and, if available, facilitates the switch of the communication to the desired frequency band.
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • Example responses to a frequency band switch request are further described below in conjunction with FIGS. 10A- 10D.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example implementation of the example band switching coordinator 102 of FIG. 1, disclosed herein, to facilitate dynamic band switching in a cooperative Wi-Fi network.
  • the example band switching coordinator 102 includes an example band assessor 200, an example band selector 202, an example roster database 204, an example roster data updater 205, an example transmitter 206, an example receiver 208, and an example counter 210.
  • the example band switching coordinator 102 is described in conjunction with the example AP 100a of FIG. 1. However, the example band switching coordinator 102 may be implemented by the example AP 100b and/or any other AP.
  • the example band assessor 200 of FIG. 2 controls the functionalities (e.g., radio architecture) of the AP 100a to sense the channel quality of different frequency bands (e.g., by performing a CCA, a received signal strength indication (RSSI), etc.). For example, if the channel quality corresponds to signal strength received on a channel, the example band assessor 200 may utilize the RSSI of the receiver of the AP 100a to determine the signal strength of various frequency bands. Alternatively, the signal strength may be based on additional or alternative characteristics (e.g., link quality, signal congestion, etc.).
  • functionalities e.g., radio architecture
  • RSSI received signal strength indication
  • the example band assessor 200 assesses the channel quality of the frequency bands to determine (A) if the currently utilized frequency band being used has a channel quality that is below a channel quality threshold (e.g., due to noise, load, etc.) and (B) if there are other frequency bands that have a better channel quality (e.g., above the channel quality threshold).
  • the channel quality threshold may be based on user and/or manufacture preferences.
  • the example band selector 202 of FIG. 2 selects an available frequency band that satisfies the channel quality threshold when the currently utilized frequency band does not satisfy the channel quality threshold.
  • the example band selector 202 may select an available frequency band randomly or based on the frequency band that has the best channel quality.
  • the example band selector 202 determines if the selected frequency band is available (e.g., not being used by another AP, the example AP 100b, for example) by checking the use of the frequency band based on the roster stored in the example roster database 204.
  • the roster may be a table, or other organization of data, including data related to which AP is currently using which frequency band for communications.
  • the example band selector 202 determines that a frequency band being used by another AP based on the roster stored in the roster database 204, the example band selector 202 will not select that frequency band. In such an example, the band selector 202 will select a different frequency band with an acceptable channel quality (e.g., a channel quality above the channel quality threshold) that is not currently being used by another AP.
  • an acceptable channel quality e.g., a channel quality above the channel quality threshold
  • the example roster database 204 of FIG. 2 stores roster data.
  • the roster data includes a list of which frequency bands are being used (e.g., reserved) by which AP.
  • the roster database 204 updates the roster data so that the list of reserved frequency bands is up- to-date.
  • the roster data stored in the roster database 204 represents the current utilization of the frequency spectrum by the APs in a network.
  • the example roster data updater 205 of FIG. 2 updates the roster data stored in the example roster database 204. Because the new roster data may be received at any time from any AP in the network, the example roster data updater 205 updates the stored roster data to ensure that the data is up-to-date.
  • the roster data may include updates to the frequency bands being used by other APs in the network and/or reservations of time slots for another AP in the network to switch frequency bands, as further described below.
  • the example transmitter 206 of FIG. 2 transmits requests (e.g. IEs) to the connected
  • STAs (e.g., the example STAs 104a-c) to check and switch to a (e.g., target) frequency band.
  • the example transmitter 206 transmits requests to other connected APs (e.g., the example AP 102b) to request a dynamic band change during a current or subsequent slot of time.
  • the band switches are performed at different time slots to prevent two APs from switching frequency bands at the same time.
  • the availability of a time slot is maintained in the roster data stored in the roster database 204. Accordingly, if any of the example APs in a network transmit a request to switch frequency bands, the time slot corresponding to the AP's request is reserved in the example roster database 204.
  • the example APs can switch frequency bands on a first come first serve bases by reserving time slots that are not previously reserved. Additionally, after the frequency band change is successful, the example transmitter 206 transmits frequency band change data (e.g., corresponding to the AP and the updated frequency band) so that the other APs in the network can update their roster data.
  • frequency band change data e.g., corresponding to the AP and the updated frequency band
  • the example receiver 208 of FIG. 2 receives the requests from the other APs to reserve time slots for a frequency band change. Additionally, the example receiver 208 receives acknowledgements from the example STAs 104a-c when IEs are sent to the example STAs 104a- e, as further described below in conjunction with FIGS. 10A-10D. Additionally, the example receiver 208 receives roster data updates when another AP in the network (e.g., the example AP 102b) dynamically switches frequency bands.
  • another AP in the network e.g., the example AP 102b
  • the example counter 210 counts the number of frequency band switch requests that are sent to the connected STAs 104a-c until all STAs have successfully switched to the desired frequency band. For example, if the transmitter 206 transmits five requests to the example STAs 104a-c without receiving a successful acknowledgement from all of the example STAs 104a-c, the example counter will track (e.g., count) the five requests. In some examples, the band selector 202 will only allow a threshold number of requests until the example band selector 202 requests a different frequency band or cancels the frequency band switch.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example implementation of the example band adjuster 106 of FIG.
  • the example band adjuster 106 includes an example receiver 300, an example band assessor 302, an example response generator 304, and an example transmitter 306.
  • the example band adjuster 106 is described in conjunction with the example STA 104a of FIG. 1. However, the example band adjuster 106 may be implemented by any other STA (e.g., including, but not limited to the example STAs 104b-f).
  • the example receiver 300 of FIG. 1 receives band switch information elements from the example AP 100a.
  • the information element includes instructions corresponding to which frequency band to switch to.
  • the example band assessor 302 of FIG. 3 determines which frequency band is to be used (e.g., based on the information element) and assesses the frequency band using a band assessment.
  • the band assessor 302 may perform a CCA to determine if the band is busy (e.g., due to interference or noise) or idle.
  • the example response generator 304 of FIG. 3 generates a response corresponding to the band adjustment.
  • the example response generator 304 For example, if the band assessor 302 determines that the frequency band identified in the information element is idle, the example response generator 304 generates a successful band adjustment response. If the band assessor 302 determines that the frequency band identified in the information element is busy, the example response generator 304 generates an unsuccessful band adjustment response.
  • the example transmitter 306 of FIG. 3 transmits the response to the example AP 100a.
  • the example band accessor 200 the example band selector 202, the example roster database 204, the example roster data updater 205, the example transmitter 206, the example receiver 208, the example counter 210, and/or, more generally, the example band switching coordinator 102 of FIG.
  • the example band adjuster 106 of FIG. 3 is/are hereby expressly defined to include a non-transitory computer readable storage device or storage disk such as a memory, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a compact disk (CD), a Blu-ray disk, etc. including the software and/or firmware.
  • the example band switching coordinator 102 of FIG. 2 and/or the example band adjuster 106 of FIG. 3 may include one or more elements, processes and/or devices in addition to, or instead of, those illustrated in FIGS. 2 and/or 3, and/or may include more than one of any or all of the illustrated elements, processes and devices.
  • FIGS. 4-6 Flowcharts representative of example machine readable instructions for implementing the example band switching coordinator 102 of FIG. 2 and/or the example band adjuster 106 of FIG. 3 are shown in FIGS. 4-6.
  • the machine readable instructions comprise a program for execution by a processor such as the processor 1212, 1312 shown in the example processor platform 1200, 1300 discussed below in connection with FIGS. 12-13.
  • the program may be embodied in software stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard drive, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a Blu-ray disk, or a memory associated with the processor 1212, 1312 but the entire program and/or parts thereof could alternatively be executed by a device other than the processor 1212, 1312 and/or embodied in firmware or dedicated hardware.
  • a non-transitory computer readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard drive, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a Blu-ray disk, or a memory associated with the processor 1212, 1312 but the entire program and/or parts thereof could alternatively be executed by a device other than the processor 1212, 1312 and/or embodied in firmware or dedicated hardware.
  • a non-transitory computer readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard drive, a digital versatile disk (DV
  • any or all of the blocks may be implemented by one or more hardware circuits (e.g., discrete and/or integrated analog and/or digital circuitry, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an Application Specific Integrated circuit (ASIC), a comparator, an operational-amplifier (op-amp), a logic circuit, etc.) structured to perform the corresponding operation without executing software or firmware.
  • hardware circuits e.g., discrete and/or integrated analog and/or digital circuitry, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an Application Specific Integrated circuit (ASIC), a comparator, an operational-amplifier (op-amp), a logic circuit, etc.
  • FIGS. 4-6 may be implemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machine readable instructions) stored on a non- transitory computer and/or machine readable medium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a cache, a random-access memory and/or any other storage device or storage disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for extended time periods, permanently, for brief instances, for temporarily buffering, and/or for caching of the information).
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer readable storage device and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media.
  • FIG. 4 is an example flowchart 400 representative of example machine readable instructions that may be executed by the example band switching coordinator 102 of FIG. 2 to facilitate dynamic band switching in a cooperative Wi-Fi network.
  • the example flowchart 400 is described in conjunction with the example band switching coordinator 102 of the example AP 100a of FIG. 1, the flowchart 400 may be utilized by any band switching coordinator of any AP (e.g., including the example AP 100b).
  • the example band assessor 200 determines the channel quality of the available frequency bands. As described above, channel quality may be based on signal strength, link quality, signal latency, signal congestion, noise on the frequency band, and/or signal throughput. The example band assessor 200 determines the channel quality by utilizing the functionalities of the AP 100a (e.g., to perform a CCA, an RSSI, etc.). At block 404, the example band assessor 200 determines if the channel quality of the currently utilized frequency band is below a channel quality threshold. Because the channel quality may be based on one or more characteristics, the channel quality threshold may be based on one or more characteristics. For example, the channel quality threshold may correspond to two thresholds (e.g., a signal strength and a link quality), where both thresholds are to be met.
  • two thresholds e.g., a signal strength and a link quality
  • the process returns to block 402 to perform another channel quality assessment at a subsequent time (e.g., the subsequent time depending on user and/or manufacturer preferences). If the example band assessor 200 determines that the channel quality of the currently utilized frequency band is below the channel quality threshold (block 404: YES), the example band selector 202 selects a target frequency band whose channel quality satisfies the channel quality threshold based on the available bands in the roster data (block 406). As described above, the roster data corresponds to the frequency bands being used by the APs, thereby allowing the example band selector 202 to determine if a frequency band is available. Additionally, the example band selector 202 selects the band based on channel quality of the available bands (e.g., ensuring that the target frequency band is the best available frequency band or, at least, better than the current frequency band).
  • the example band selector 202 determines if the current time slot corresponding to the anchor frequency band is busy.
  • the current time slot is busy when another AP is attempted to switch frequency bands.
  • the time slot availability is located in the roster data (e.g., based on time slot reservation requests from other APs in the network received by the example receiver 208). If the example band selector 202 determines that the current time slot corresponding to the anchor frequency band is busy (block 408: YES), the process returns to block 406 until the current time slot is not busy.
  • the transmitter 206 may transmit a time slot reservation request for a subsequent time slot if the current timeslot is busy.
  • the example transmitter 206 transmits a roster modification notification to the network of APs (block 410).
  • the roster modification notification notifies the network of APs that the example AP 100a will be switching frequency bands and reserves the current time slot to do so.
  • the example transmitter 206 transmits band switch IEs to the connected STAs (e.g., the example STAs 104a-c).
  • the example receiver 208 determines if responses (e.g., corresponding to a successful frequency band switch) have been received from each of the example STAs 104a-c. If the example receiver 208 determines that one or more of the responses have not been received (e.g., or do not correspond to a successful frequency band switch) from the example STAs 104a-c (block 414: NO), the example counter 210 increments a count (block 416). At block 418, the example band selector 202 determines if the count has exceeded a maximum threshold.
  • the maximum threshold corresponds to a maximum number of attempts to successfully change frequency bands from the current frequency band to the target frequency band (e.g., receiving a successful acknowledgment from each of the connected APS 104a-c).
  • the maximum threshold may be based on user and/or manufacture preferences.
  • the process returns to block 412 to re-transmit the IE. If the example band selector 202 determines that the count has exceeded the threshold (block 418: YES), the process returns 402 to either (A) maintain communications using the current frequency band or (B) attempt to switch to a different frequency band than the previous target band.
  • the decision to maintain the current band or attempt a switch to a different frequency band may be a setting based on user and/or manufacturer preferences.
  • the example band selector 202 switches communications to the target band (block 420).
  • the example transmitter 206 transmits a roster update notification to the network of APs (e.g., the example AP 100b). In this manner, the other APs can update their roster data. Additionally, the example roster update notification may act as a flag that the frequency band switching process for the current time slot is over.
  • FIG. 5 is an example flowchart 500 representative of example machine readable instructions that may be executed by the example band switching coordinator 102 of FIG.
  • example flowchart 500 is described in conjunction with the example band switching coordinator 102 of the example AP 100a of FIG. 1, the flowchart 500 may be utilized by any band switching coordinator of any AP (e.g., including the example AP 100b).
  • the example receiver 208 monitors the anchor frequency band.
  • the anchor frequency band is a frequency band dedicated to communications between APs in the network. In this manner, any time slot reservations, roster update data, etc. will be transmitted using the anchor frequency band.
  • the example receiver 208 determines if new roster data has been received in the anchor frequency band (e.g.,
  • the example receiver 208 determines that the roster data has not been received (block 504: NO)
  • the process returns to block 502 to continue monitoring the anchor frequency band until new roster data is received.
  • the example roster data updater 205 updates the roster data according to the new roster data (block 506).
  • the update may include updating which AP is utilizing which frequency band, and/or the time slot reservation(s) of the APs in the network.
  • FIG. 6 is an example flowchart 600 representative of example machine readable instructions that may be executed by the example band adjuster 106 of FIG. 2 to facilitate dynamic band switching of the example STA 104a in a cooperative Wi-Fi network.
  • the example flowchart 400 is described in conjunction with the example band adjuster 106 of the example STA 104a of FIG. 1, the flowchart 600 may be utilized by any band adjuster of any STA (e.g., including the example STAs 104b-f).
  • the example receiver 300 receives a band switch information element from the example AP 100a.
  • the band switch information element includes instructions to adjust communications from the current frequency band to a second frequency band.
  • the example band assessor 302 determines the status of the frequency band identified in the information element. For example, the band assessor 302 may control the functionality of the STAs to sense the frequency band (e.g., perform a CCA) to determine if the frequency band is busy (e.g., due to interference or noise) or idle.
  • the example band assessor 302 determines if the identified frequency band is idle.
  • the example response generator 304 determines that the frequency band is idle (block 606: YES) If the example band adjuster 106 determines that the frequency band is idle (block 606: YES), the example response generator 304 generates a successful band switch response (block 608). If the example band adjuster 106 determines that the frequency band is not idle (e.g., the frequency band is busy) (block 606: NO), the example response generator 304 generates an unsuccessful band switch response (block 610). At block 612, the example transmitter 306 transmits the generated response to the example AP 100a.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example timing diagram 700 illustrating an example of a successful frequency band switch coordinated by the example band switching coordinator 102 of the example AP 100a of FIG. 1.
  • the example timing diagram 700 includes a first example frequency band 702, a second example frequency band 704, and a third example frequency band 706 through four time slots (e.g., slot 1, slot 2, slot 3, and slot 4).
  • the example STAs lOOa-c are communicating with the example AP 100a using the example first frequency band 702.
  • the example AP 100a measures the channel quality of the frequency bands to determine that the example first frequency band 702 does not satisfy the channel quality threshold and to determine that the available example second frequency band 704 does satisfy the channel quality threshold. Accordingly, the AP 100a reserves the second time slot and transmits a request (e.g., an IE) to the example STAs 104a-c to switch from the first frequency band 702 to the second frequency band 704.
  • a request e.g., an IE
  • the STAs 104a-c respond to the AP 100a identifying that they are able to switch to the second frequency band 704 and the AP 100a switches communication to the second frequency band 704.
  • the example AP 100a either (A) determines that the second frequency band 704 satisfies the channel quality threshold or (B) cannot switch frequency bands because the third slot is reserved for another AP.
  • the example AP 100a measures the channel quality of the frequency bands to determine that the second frequency band 704 does not satisfy the channel quality threshold and that the available example third frequency band 706 does satisfy the channel quality threshold.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example timing diagram 800 illustrating an example of an unsuccessful frequency band switch coordinated by the example band switching coordinator 102 of the example AP 100a of FIG. 1.
  • the example timing diagram 800 includes an example first frequency band 802, an example second frequency band 804, and an example third frequency band 806.
  • the example timing diagrams 800 further includes four time slots (e.g., slot 1, slot 2, slot 3, and slot 4).
  • the example STAs lOOa-c are communicating with the example AP 100a using the example first frequency band 802.
  • the example AP 100a measures the channel quality of the frequency bands to determine that the first frequency band 802 does not satisfy the channel quality threshold and that the available example second frequency band 804 does satisfy the channel quality threshold.
  • the AP 100a reserves the second time slot and transmits a request (e.g., an IE) to the example STAs 104a-c to switch from the first frequency band 802 to the second frequency band 804.
  • a request e.g., an IE
  • the example STA 104c responds to the AP 100a identifying that the STA 104c cannot switch to the second frequency band 804 (e.g., the example second frequency band 804 is unavailable or undesirable for the example STA 104c). Alternatively, the example STA 104c may not hear the IE from the example AP 100a and thus not response to the IE. Accordingly, at the third time slot (e.g., slot 3), the example AP 100a continues to attempt to change frequency bands to the second frequency band 804.
  • the third time slot e.g., slot 3
  • the example AP 100a measures the channel quality of the frequency bands to determine that the available example third frequency band 806 satisfies the channel quality threshold. Accordingly, the AP 100a reserves the fourth time slot and transmits a request to the example STAs 104a-c to switch from the second frequency band 804 to the third frequency band 806. At the fourth time slot, each of the example STAs 104a-c transmits a successful response corresponding to the third frequency band 806 and the AP 100a switches communication to the third frequency band 806.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a timing diagram 900 illustrating an alternative example of an unsuccessful frequency band switch coordinated by the example band switching coordinator 102 of the example AP 100a of FIG. 1.
  • any band switching coordinator of any AP could be used.
  • the example timing diagram 900 includes an example first frequency band 902, an example second frequency band 904, and an example third frequency band 906.
  • the example timing diagrams 900 further includes four time slots (e.g., slot 1, slot 2, slot 3, and slot 4).
  • the example STAs lOOa-c are communicating with the example AP 100a using the example first frequency band 902.
  • the example AP 100a measures the channel quality to determine that the first frequency band 902 does not satisfy the channel quality threshold and that the available example second frequency band 904 does satisfy the channel quality threshold.
  • the AP 100a reserves the second time slot and transmits a request (e.g., an IE) to the example STAs 104a-c to switch from the first frequency band 902 to the second frequency band 904.
  • a request e.g., an IE
  • the STAs 104a-c respond to the AP 100a identifying that they are able to switch to the second frequency band 904 and the AP 100a switches communication to the second frequency band 904.
  • the example the AP 100a does not sense the response from the example ST A 104c. Accordingly, the example AP 100a believes that the STA 104c is not able to switch to the second frequency band 904 even though the example STA 104c has transmitted a successful response.
  • the example AP 100a continues to transmit IEs to change frequency bands to the second frequency band 904.
  • the example AP 100a measures the channel quality of the frequency bands to determine that the available example third frequency band 906 satisfies the channel quality threshold. Accordingly, the AP 100a reserves the fourth time slot and transmits a request to the example STAs 104a-c to switch from the second frequency band 904 to the third frequency band 906.
  • each of the example STAs 104a-c transmits a successful response corresponding to the third frequency band 906 and the AP 100a switches communication to the third frequency band 906.
  • FIGS. 10A-10D includes four example frequency band switching request/response protocols 1000, 1010, 1020, 1030 between the example AP 100a to one of the connected STAs (e.g., the example STAs 104a-c of FIG. 1). Any of the example request/response of FIG. 10A- 10D, and/or an alternative request/response protocol, may be utilized to facilitate a dynamic frequency band switch between an AP and connected STAs.
  • the example AP 100a transmits a band switching request (e.g., an IE) to one or more of the connected STAs (e.g., the example STAs 104a-c) using the currently used frequency band.
  • the IE includes information regarding the frequency band switch, including the target frequency band. If the connected STA determines that the target frequency band is available, the connected STA responds with a successful response to the IE using the current frequency band and then switches to the target (e.g., new) frequency band for further communications.
  • the example AP 100a transmits a band switching request (e.g., an IE) to one or more of the connected STAs (e.g., the example STAs 104a-c) using the currently used frequency band.
  • the IE includes information regarding the frequency band switch, including the target frequency band.
  • the AP 100a attempts to poll the STAs in the new target frequency band to see if the addressed STAs have switched successfully.
  • the example AP 100a transmits a band switching request (e.g., an IE) to one or more of the connected STAs (e.g., the example STAs 104a-c) using the currently used frequency band.
  • the IE includes information regarding the frequency band switch, including the target frequency band. If the connected STA determines that the target frequency band is available, the connected STA responds with a successful response to the IE using the new target frequency band and then switches to the target (e.g., new) frequency band for further communications.
  • the example AP 100a transmits a multi-band request action frame with a multi-band IE to one or more of the connected STAs (e.g., the example STAs 104a-c).
  • the multi-band IE includes information regarding the frequency band switch, including the target frequency band. If the connected STA determines that the target frequency band is available, the connected STA responds with an acknowledgment to the multi-band IE. Once the acknowledgement is sent, the connected STA transmits a multi-band request action frame with a multi-band IE to one or more of the example AP 100a, the example AP 100a response with an acknowledgement, and subsequent communication is performed using the new target frequency band.
  • FIG. 11 is an example timing diagram 1100 illustrating an example frequency band switching coordination between multiple APs using multiple band frequencies corresponding to roster data.
  • the example timing diagram 1100 includes an example first frequency band (e.g., Band 1) 1102, an example second frequency band (e.g., Band 2) 1104, an example third frequency band (e.g., Band 3) 1106, and an example fourth frequency band (e.g., Band 4) 1108.
  • the example of FIG. 11 includes three example APs (e.g., AP 1, AP 2, and AP 3) that are capable of communication using four frequency bands (e.g., Band 1, Band 2, Band 3, and Band 4), any number of APs and/or frequency bands may be included in a frequency band switching coordination corresponding to roster data.
  • the example API is communicating to connected STAs using the example first frequency band 1102, the example AP2 is communicating to connected STAs using the example third frequency band 1106, and the example AP3 is communicating to connected STAs using the example second frequency band 1104.
  • the example API reserves the time slot 4 to switch frequency bands based on a channel quality determination. Accordingly, at time slot four, the example AP 1 switches from the example first frequency band 1102 to the example fourth frequency band 1108. Because the example AP 1 reserved the fourth time slot for switching, none of the other APs are able to switch frequencies during the fourth time slot.
  • the other APs may reserve a subsequent time slot (e.g., time slot 5, time slot 6, etc.) for a frequency band switch.
  • the example AP 3 reserves the time slot 5 to switch frequencies based on a channel quality determination of the frequency bands. Accordingly, at time slot five, the example AP 3 switches from the example second frequency band 1104 to the example first frequency band 1102. At time slots 6 and 7, the example APs 2, 3 are no longer reserving frequency bands (e.g., because there are no STAs connected to them). Additionally, at time slot 6, the example AP 1 reserves the time slot 6 to switch frequency bands based on a channel quality determination of the frequency bands. Accordingly, at time slot 6, the example AP 1 switches from the example fourth frequency band 1108 to the example second frequency band 1104.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an example processor platform 1200 capable of executing the instructions of FIGS. 3-4 to implement the example band switching coordinator 102 of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the processor platform 1200 can be, for example, a server, a personal computer, a mobile device (e.g., a cell phone, a smart phone, a tablet such as an iPadTM), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an Internet appliance, or any other type of computing device.
  • the processor platform 1200 of the illustrated example includes a processor 1212.
  • the processor 1212 of the illustrated example is hardware.
  • the processor 1212 can be implemented by integrated circuits, logic circuits, microprocessors or controllers from any desired family or manufacturer.
  • the processor 1212 of the illustrated example includes a local memory 1213 (e.g., a cache).
  • the example processor 1212 of FIG. 12 executes the instructions of FIGS. 4-5 to implement the example band assessor 200, the example band selector 202, the example roster database 204, the example roster data updater 205, the example transmitter 206, the example receiver 208, and/or the example counter 210.
  • the processor 1212 of the illustrated example is in communication with a main memory including a volatile memory 1214 and a non-volatile memory 1216 via a bus 1218.
  • the volatile memory 1214 may be implemented by Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM) and/or any other type of random access memory device.
  • SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • RDRAM RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • the non-volatile memory 1216 may be implemented by flash memory and/or any other desired type of memory device. Access to the main memory 1214, 1216 is controlled by a clock controller.
  • the processor platform 1200 of the illustrated example also includes an interface circuit
  • the interface circuit 1220 may be implemented by any type of interface standard, such as an Ethernet interface, a universal serial bus (USB), and/or a PCI express interface.
  • one or more input devices 1222 are connected to the interface circuit 1220.
  • the input device(s) 1222 permit(s) a user to enter data and commands into the processor 1212.
  • the input device(s) can be implemented by, for example, a sensor, a microphone, a camera (still or video), a keyboard, a button, a mouse, a touchscreen, a track-pad, a trackball, isopoint and/or a voice recognition system.
  • One or more output devices 1224 are also connected to the interface circuit 1220 of the illustrated example.
  • the output devices 1224 can be implemented, for example, by display devices (e.g., a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a liquid crystal display, a cathode ray tube display (CRT), a touchscreen, a tactile output device, and/or speakers).
  • the interface circuit 1220 of the illustrated example thus, typically includes a graphics driver card, a graphics driver chip or a graphics driver processor.
  • the interface circuit 1220 of the illustrated example also includes a communication device such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modem and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via a network 1226 (e.g., an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.).
  • a communication device such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modem and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via a network 1226 (e.g., an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.).
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • the processor platform 1200 of the illustrated example also includes one or more mass storage devices 1228 for storing software and/or data.
  • mass storage devices 1228 include floppy disk drives, hard drive disks, compact disk drives, Blu-ray disk drives, RAID systems, and digital versatile disk (DVD) drives.
  • the coded instructions 1232 of FIGS. 4-5 may be stored in the mass storage device 1228, in the volatile memory 1214, in the non-volatile memory 1216, and/or on a removable tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD or DVD.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an example processor platform 1300 capable of executing the instructions of FIG. 6 to implement the example band adjuster 106 of FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • the processor platform 1300 can be, for example, a server, a personal computer, a mobile device (e.g., a cell phone, a smart phone, a tablet such as an iPadTM), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an Internet appliance, or any other type of computing device.
  • the processor platform 1300 of the illustrated example includes a processor 1312.
  • the processor 1312 of the illustrated example is hardware.
  • the processor 1312 can be implemented by integrated circuits, logic circuits, microprocessors or controllers from any desired family or manufacturer.
  • the processor 1312 of the illustrated example includes a local memory 1313 (e.g., a cache).
  • the example processor 1312 of FIG. 13 executes the instructions of FIG. 6 to implement the example receiver 300, the example band assessor 302, the example response generator 304, and/or the example transmitter 306.
  • the processor 1312 of the illustrated example is in communication with a main memory including a volatile memory 1314 and a non-volatile memory 1316 via a bus 1318.
  • the volatile memory 1314 may be implemented by Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM) and/or any other type of random access memory device.
  • the non-volatile memory 1316 may be implemented by flash memory and/or any other desired type of memory device.
  • the processor platform 1300 of the illustrated example also includes an interface circuit 1320.
  • the interface circuit 1320 may be implemented by any type of interface standard, such as an Ethernet interface, a universal serial bus (USB), and/or a PCI express interface.
  • one or more input devices 1322 are connected to the interface circuit 1320.
  • the input device(s) 1322 permit(s) a user to enter data and commands into the processor 1312.
  • the input device(s) can be implemented by, for example, a sensor, a microphone, a camera (still or video), a keyboard, a button, a mouse, a touchscreen, a track-pad, a trackball, isopoint and/or a voice recognition system.
  • One or more output devices 1324 are also connected to the interface circuit 1320 of the illustrated example.
  • the output devices 1324 can be implemented, for example, by display devices (e.g., a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a liquid crystal display, a cathode ray tube display (CRT), a touchscreen, a tactile output device, and/or speakers).
  • the interface circuit 1320 of the illustrated example thus, typically includes a graphics driver card, a graphics driver chip or a graphics driver processor.
  • the interface circuit 1320 of the illustrated example also includes a communication device such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modem and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via a network 1326 (e.g., an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.).
  • a communication device such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, a modem and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data with external machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via a network 1326 (e.g., an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.).
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • the processor platform 1300 of the illustrated example also includes one or more mass storage devices 1328 for storing software and/or data.
  • mass storage devices 1328 include floppy disk drives, hard drive disks, compact disk drives, Blu-ray disk drives, RAID systems, and digital versatile disk (DVD) drives.
  • the coded instructions 1332 of FIG. 6 may be stored in the mass storage device 1328, in the volatile memory 1314, in the non-volatile memory 1316, and/or on a removable tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD or DVD.
  • Example 1 is an apparatus comprising a band assessor to determine that a first channel quality of a first frequency band being used for communications to a station is below a channel quality threshold; a band selector to select a target frequency band that includes a second channel quality above the channel quality threshold; a transmitter to transmit an information element to the station, the information element corresponding to a frequency change to the target frequency band; and the band selector to switch the communications to the target frequency band.
  • Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, wherein the band selector is to switch the communications to the target frequency band in response to an acknowledgement from the station.
  • Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 2, further including a counter to track a number of times the transmitter transmits the information element to the station before an acknowledgement is received, the band selector to maintain the communications using the first frequency band when (A) the acknowledgement is not received and (B) the number of times exceeds a threshold.
  • Example 4 includes the subject matter of Example 1, wherein the transmitter is to transmit a roster update to an AP, the roster update used to update a roster of frequency bands being by access points (APs) in a network.
  • APs access points
  • Example 5 includes the subject matter of Examples 1-4, wherein the first and second channel qualities correspond to at least one of signal strength, link quality, signal latency, signal congestion, noise, or signal throughput.
  • Example 6 includes the subject matter of Examples 1-4, wherein the transmitter is to transmit a roster modification notification to a network of APs prior to transmitting the information element to reserve a time slot to switch frequency bands.
  • Example 7 includes the subject matter of Examples 1-4, further including a receiver to monitor a frequency band for roster data corresponding to frequency bands being used by other APs in a network.
  • Example 8 includes the subject matter of Example 7, further including a roster data updater to, when the roster data is received, update a roster according to the roster data.
  • Example 9 includes the subject matter of Example 8, wherein the band selector is to select the target frequency band based on the roster data.
  • Example 10 is a method comprising determining that a first channel quality of a first frequency band being used for communications to a station is below a channel quality threshold; selecting a target frequency band that includes a second channel quality above the channel quality threshold; transmitting an information element to the station, the information element corresponding to a frequency change to the target frequency band; and switching the
  • Example 11 includes the subject matter of Example 10, wherein the switching of the communications to the target frequency band includes switching in response to an
  • Example 12 includes the subject matter of Example 11, further including: tracking a number of times a transmitter transmits the information element to the station before an acknowledgement is received; and maintaining the communications using the first frequency band when (A) the acknowledgement is not received and (B) the number of times exceeds a threshold.
  • Example 13 includes the subject matter of Example 10, further including transmitting a roster update to an AP, the roster update used to update a roster of frequency bands being by access points (APs) in a network.
  • APs access points
  • Example 14 includes the subject matter of Example 10-13, wherein the first and second channel qualities correspond to at least one of signal strength, link quality, signal latency, signal congestion, noise, or signal throughput.
  • Example 15 includes the subject matter of Example 10-13, further including transmitting a roster modification notification to a network of APs prior to transmitting the information element to reserve a time slot to switch frequency bands.
  • Example 16 includes the subject matter of Example 10-13, further including monitoring a frequency band for roster data corresponding to frequency bands being used by other APs in a network.
  • Example 17 includes the subject matter of Example 16, further including, when the roster data is received, updating a roster according to the roster data.
  • Example 18 includes the subject matter of Example 17, wherein selecting the target frequency band includes selecting based on the roster data.
  • Example 19 is a tangible computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to at least: determine that a first channel quality of a first frequency band being used for communications to a station is below a channel quality threshold; select a target frequency band that includes a second channel quality above the channel quality threshold; transmit an information element to the station, the information element corresponding to a frequency change to the target frequency band; and switch the communications to the target frequency band.
  • Example 20 includes the subject matter of Example 19, wherein the instructions cause the machine to switch the communications to the target frequency band in response to an
  • Example 21 includes the subject matter of Example 20, wherein the instructions cause the machine to: track a number of times a transmitter transmits the information element to the station before an acknowledgement is received; and maintain the communications using the first frequency band when (A) the acknowledgement is not received and (B) the number of times exceeds a threshold.
  • Example 22 includes the subject matter of Example 19, wherein the instructions cause the machine to transmit a roster update to an AP, the roster update used to update a roster of frequency bands being by access points (APs) in a network.
  • APs access points
  • Example 23 includes the subject matter of Examples 19-22, wherein the first and second channel qualities correspond to at least one of signal strength, link quality, signal latency, signal congestion, noise, or signal throughput.
  • Example 24 includes the subject matter of Examples 19-22, wherein the instructions cause the machine to transmit a roster modification notification to a network of APs prior to transmitting the information element to reserve a time slot to switch frequency bands.
  • Example 25 includes the subject matter of Examples 19-22, wherein the instructions cause the machine to monitor a frequency band for roster data corresponding to frequency bands being used by other APs in a network.
  • Example 26 includes the subject matter of Example 25, wherein the instructions cause the machine to, when the roster data is received, update a roster according to the roster data.
  • Example 27 includes the subject matter of Example 26, wherein the instructions cause the machine to select the target frequency band based on the roster data.
  • Example 28 is an apparatus comprising: a first means for determining that a first channel quality of a first frequency band being used for communications to a station is below a channel quality threshold; a second means for selecting a target frequency band that includes a second channel quality above the channel quality threshold; a third means for transmitting an information element to the station, the information element corresponding to a frequency change to the target frequency band; and the second means including means for switching the communications to the target frequency band.
  • Example 29 includes the subject matter of Example 28, wherein the second means includes means for switching the communications to the target frequency band in response to an acknowledgement from the station.
  • Example 30 includes the subject matter of Example 29, further including a fourth means for tracking a number of times the third means transmits the information element to the station before an acknowledgement is received, the second means including means for maintaining the communications using the first frequency band when (A) the acknowledgement is not received and (B) the number of times exceeds a threshold.
  • Example 31 includes the subject matter of Example 28, wherein the third means includes means for transmitting a roster update to an AP, the roster update used to update a roster of frequency bands being by access points (APs) in a network.
  • the third means includes means for transmitting a roster update to an AP, the roster update used to update a roster of frequency bands being by access points (APs) in a network.
  • APs access points
  • Example 32 includes the subject matter of Examples 28-31, wherein the first and second channel qualities correspond to at least one of signal strength, link quality, signal latency, signal congestion, noise, or signal throughput.
  • Example 33 includes the subject matter of Examples 28-31, wherein the third means includes means for transmitting a roster modification notification to a network of APs prior to transmitting the information element to reserve a time slot to switch frequency bands.
  • Example 34 includes the subject matter of Examples 28-31, further including a fourth means for monitoring a frequency band for roster data corresponding to frequency bands being used by other APs in a network.
  • Example 35 includes the subject matter of Example 34, further including a fifth means for, when the roster data is received, updating a roster according to the roster data.
  • Example 36 includes the subject matter of Example 35, wherein the second means includes means for selecting the target frequency band based on the roster data.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et un appareil permettant de faciliter une commutation de bande dynamique dans un réseau Wi-Fi coopératif. Un appareil donné à titre d'exemple comprend un évaluateur de bande permettant de déterminer qu'une première qualité de canal d'une première bande de fréquence utilisée pour des communications vers une station est inférieure à un seuil de qualité de canal; un sélecteur de bande permettant de sélectionner une bande de fréquence cible qui comprend une seconde qualité de canal supérieur au seuil de qualité de canal; un émetteur permettant de transmettre un élément d'information à la station, l'élément d'information correspondant à un changement de fréquence vers la bande de fréquence cible; et le sélecteur de bande permettant de commuter les communications vers la bande de fréquence cible.
PCT/US2017/054011 2017-09-28 2017-09-28 Procédés et appareil permettant de faciliter une commutation de bande dynamique dans un réseau wi-fi coopératif WO2019066852A1 (fr)

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