WO2019061617A1 - 负压脉冲振荡器 - Google Patents

负压脉冲振荡器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019061617A1
WO2019061617A1 PCT/CN2017/107549 CN2017107549W WO2019061617A1 WO 2019061617 A1 WO2019061617 A1 WO 2019061617A1 CN 2017107549 W CN2017107549 W CN 2017107549W WO 2019061617 A1 WO2019061617 A1 WO 2019061617A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing
impeller
nozzle housing
radial
nozzle
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PCT/CN2017/107549
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
田家林
杨毅
杨琳
朱志
李居瑞
张堂佳
林晓月
周思奇
Original Assignee
西南石油大学
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Application filed by 西南石油大学 filed Critical 西南石油大学
Publication of WO2019061617A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019061617A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B28/00—Vibration generating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for stimulating production
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/24—Drilling using vibrating or oscillating means, e.g. out-of-balance masses

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a novel downhole tool in the field of oil and gas drilling engineering, in particular to a novel hydraulic oscillator with the function of promoting chip removal.
  • the downhole tool that works mechanically uses the drilling fluid to achieve energy conversion, and generates certain expected vibrations, which has developed rapidly in recent years.
  • downhole tools have the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency, good economic efficiency, and flexibility, which have gained wide attention and application.
  • Relevant tool types include rotary drilling tools, hydraulic impactors and other specific implementation methods such as valve plates, screws, turbines, centrifugal blades, etc. These new methods and new tools have important applications for reducing friction, increasing speed and increasing efficiency. significance.
  • the existing hydraulic oscillator will increase the pump pressure, which will adversely affect the service life of the mud pump, and the axial force generated by the screw will strengthen the friction between the moving valve plate and the static valve plate, which will accelerate the movement.
  • the wear of the valve plate and the static valve plate greatly shortens the service life of the hydraulic oscillator.
  • this paper proposes a new type of oscillator, which uses the drilling fluid to realize energy conversion, and produces composite vibration based on axial vibration.
  • the axial force generated by the impeller due to its structural characteristics. It will not be transmitted to the lower joint through the spool tube, and the drilling fluid sprayed from the bypass can agitate the cuttings in the annulus of the wellbore to improve the rock carrying capacity of the drilling fluid.
  • the purpose of reducing the friction and reducing the resistance during the drilling process increasing the effective drilling pressure of the drill bit, increasing the drilling speed of the drill pipe and extending the displacement of the drill string into the well are achieved.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the shortage of the drilling resistance of the existing horizontal wells and large displacement wells, the inability of the wellhead drilling pressure to be effectively transmitted to the drill bit, the low rock carrying capacity of the drilling fluid and the use effect of the existing axial vibration tools.
  • An undesired problem is to design a new type of negative voltage pulse oscillator.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: the negative pressure pulse oscillator, which is connected by an upper joint and locked Cap, adjusting washer A, impeller, flat key, impeller mandrel, impeller shell, water cap, spool tube, adjusting washer B, upper TC bearing moving ring, upper TC bearing moving ring wear sleeve, type sealing ring , TC bearing static ring, upper TC bearing static wear sleeve, semi-circular key, string bearing, bearing housing, lower TC bearing moving ring, lower TC bearing moving ring wear sleeve, lower TC bearing static wear sleeve,
  • the nozzle housing, the nozzle, the lower joint, and the plug are characterized in that the upper joint 1, the impeller housing 7, the bearing housing 18, the nozzle housing 22 and the lower joint 24 are sequentially screwed; between the impeller 4 and the impeller core 6
  • the impeller 4 is positioned by the flat key 5 and the locking cap 2; the locking cap 2 is connected to the impeller
  • the nozzle is provided with a nozzle 23 and a plug 25, and the nozzle 23 and the plug 25 are connected to the nozzle housing 22 by threads; the inner surface of the upper end of the nozzle housing 22 is provided with a lower TC bearing static wear sleeve 21, and is connected to the nozzle housing 22 by sintering.
  • the radial through holes at the lower end of the nozzle housing 22 are disposed in pairs, each pair of radial through holes being 180 apart from each other and in the same plane.
  • the through holes at the lower end of the nozzle housing 22 may be set to 1 pair, 2 pairs, 3 pairs or 4 pairs.
  • two pairs of through holes are taken as an example, and the number of through holes is determined according to actual working conditions; when the actual working conditions are changed
  • some of the nozzles 23 can be replaced with the plugs 25, or some of the plugs 25 can be replaced with the nozzles 23, and the replaced nozzles 23 or plugs 25 must be replaced in pairs.
  • the radial through holes at the lower end of the spool tube 9 are in the same plane. After the tool assembly is completed, the two radial through holes at the lower end of the spool tube 9 are in the same plane as the radial through holes at the lower end of the nozzle housing 22.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) only a small riser pressure is required to generate a negative pulse; (2) a conventional hydraulic oscillator causes a pump pressure to rise, and a negative pressure pulse oscillator With a new bypass, it can reduce the pump pressure and reduce the pump consumption while increasing the drilling speed; (3) The negative pressure pulse oscillator can provide a frequency-adjustable periodic axial impact force; (4) The drilling fluid sprayed radially from the negative pressure pulse oscillator has the ability to impact the well wall, which contributes to the migration of cuttings in the annulus and improves the rock carrying capacity of the drilling fluid.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a negative voltage pulse oscillator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the working state 2 of the negative pressure pulse oscillator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional diagram of the flow of the drilling fluid in the working state 1 of the negative pressure pulse oscillator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional diagram of the operation of the negative pressure pulse oscillator in the working state 2 drilling fluid according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the impeller and its connecting members of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the A-A plane of Figure 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B plane of Figure 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the C-C plane of Figure 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a flat key impeller according to the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a splined impeller according to the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a three-dimensional view of the upper TC bearing moving ring and the upper TC bearing moving ring wear sleeve after sintering according to the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a three-dimensional view of the upper TC bearing static ring and the upper TC bearing static wear sleeve after sintering according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of cooperation between a negative pressure pulse oscillator and a shock absorber according to the present invention.
  • the negative pressure pulse oscillator is mainly composed of an upper joint, a locking cap, an adjusting washer A, an impeller, a flat key, an impeller core shaft, and an impeller shell.
  • the impeller housing 7, the bearing housing 18, the nozzle housing 22 and the lower joint 24 are sequentially threaded; the impeller 4 and the impeller core 6 are connected by a flat key 5 and a locking cap 2 to realize the positioning of the impeller 4;
  • the cap 2 is connected to the impeller mandrel 6 by threads; the impeller mandrel 6, the water cap 8 and the spool tube 9 are sequentially threaded; the upper TC bearing moving ring 11 is connected to the spool
  • the lower end of the nozzle housing 22 is also provided with a radial through hole.
  • the through hole is provided with a nozzle 23 and a plug 25, and the nozzle 22 and the plug 25 are connected to the nozzle housing 22 by threads; the nozzle housing 22
  • the upper end inner surface is provided with a lower TC bearing static wear sleeve 21, and is connected to the nozzle housing 22 by sintering; the radial through holes at the lower end of the nozzle housing 22 are disposed in pairs, and each pair of radial through holes are 180° apart from each other and In the same plane.
  • the through holes at the lower end of the nozzle housing 22 may be set to 1 pair, 2 pairs, 3 pairs or 4 pairs.
  • two pairs of through holes are taken as an example, and the number of through holes is determined according to actual working conditions; when the actual working conditions are changed
  • some of the nozzles 23 can be replaced with the plugs 25, or some of the plugs 25 can be replaced with the nozzles 23, and the replaced nozzles 23 or plugs 25 must be replaced in pairs.
  • the radial through holes at the lower end of the spool tube 9 are in the same plane. After the tool assembly is completed, the two radial through holes at the lower end of the spool tube 9 are in the same plane as the radial through holes at the lower end of the nozzle housing 22.
  • the basic working principle of the negative pressure pulse oscillator is: the ground drilling pump inputs the drilling fluid with pressure potential energy into the downhole tubular string, and after the pressure drilling fluid is input to the negative pressure pulse oscillator, the impeller 4 is driven to drive the impeller 5 to rotate, and the drilling is performed.
  • a part of the pressure potential energy of the liquid is converted into mechanical energy, the mechanical energy drives the valve core tube 9 to perform a periodic rotary motion, and the spool tube 9 controls the connection and disconnection between the drilling fluid inside the tool and the external drilling fluid, due to the pressure difference between the drilling fluid inside and outside the tool, During the rotation of the spool tube 9, the internal pressure of the tool will periodically fluctuate, so that the negative pressure pulse oscillator generates a periodic vibration; and the outflowing drilling fluid can also be used to clean the well wall and improve the rock carrying capacity of the drilling fluid. .
  • the upper part of the negative pressure pulse oscillator is connected with the damper.
  • the drilling fluid flowing out of the damper flows directly from the upper joint 1 into the inside of the negative pressure pulse oscillator and flows through the upper joint 1.
  • the drilling fluid directly impacts the impeller 4, causing the impeller 4 to produce a rotational motion with a certain axial force.
  • FIG. 3 after the drilling fluid impinges on the impeller 4, it enters the annulus between the impeller casing 7 and the water cap 8, and then flows into the water cap 8 through the radial holes of the water cap 8, and flows down the tool.
  • a part of the drilling fluid flows from the inside of the spool tube 9 into the lower joint 24, and then The lower joint 24 flows out into the lower drilling assembly, and the other part of the drilling fluid flows through the inside of the spool tube 9 and is then ejected from the nozzle 23 to the outside of the oscillator.
  • the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the oscillator causes the oscillator.
  • the internal pressure is reduced; the rotary motion generated by the drilling fluid impinging on the impeller 4 is transmitted to the spool tube 9 through the impeller core shaft 6 and the water cap 8, as shown in Fig.
  • the spool tube 9 is rotated, and the spool tube is made 9 the lower radial through hole and the radial through hole of the nozzle housing 22 circulate between communication and disconnection, Drilling fluid pressure inside the drill string to generate a periodic fluctuation.
  • the downward axial force generated by the drilling fluid impinging on the impeller 4 is transmitted to the nozzle housing 22 through the impeller mandrel 6, the water cap 8, the spool tube 9, the upper TC bearing moving coil 11 and the string bearing 17, so that the spool tube 9 The lower end does not withstand excessive axial forces.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

用于石油钻井领域中的具有促进携岩功能的负压脉冲振荡器，上接头（1）、叶轮壳体（7）、轴承壳体（18）、喷嘴外壳（22）和下接头（24）依次通过螺纹连接，叶轮（4）与叶轮芯轴（6）之间通过平键（5）和锁紧帽（2）连接，实现叶轮（4）定位，锁紧帽（2）通过螺纹与叶轮芯轴（6）连接，叶轮芯轴（6）、水帽（8）和阀芯管（9）依次通过螺纹连接，钻井液冲击叶轮（4）产生的扭矩通过叶轮芯轴（6）和水帽（8）传递给阀芯管（9），带动其转动。喷嘴外壳（22）开有径向通孔，阀芯管（9）旋转时实现管内流体与外界的连通和断开，通过管柱内外压差来实现管柱内流体的压力波动，从而产生钻柱振动。振荡器可有效减小水平井、大位移井下部钻具与井壁的摩阻力，能提高钻井液携岩能力，在提高钻井效率的同时，可避免粘卡等井下事故。

Description

负压脉冲振荡器 技术领域
本发明属于石油天然气钻探工程领域一种新型井下工具，特别是具有促进排屑功能的新型水力振荡器。
背景技术
近年来，随着我国工业的不断发展，石油、天然气的需求和开采量也日益增多。然而，为了缓解我国石油资源的短缺问题，人们开始向深井、超深井等环境条件严峻的领域进行石油开采。新型油气井开采使钻井工程面临更复杂的情况，为满足新钻井条件或新型油气资源(如煤层气、页岩气、海洋油气等)的需要，对应的新钻井方法与工具也不断发展。在这些新钻井技术发展过程中，提高机械钻速、减小井壁摩擦、增大井眼靶径是需要解决的重要基础问题。在解决这些问题的方法中，以机械方式工作的井下工具利用钻井液实现能量转换，产生一定的预期振动，近几年发展迅速。与其他方法相比，井下工具具有能量转换效率高、经济效益好、灵活多变的特点，从而获得了广泛关注与应用。相关工具类型包括旋冲钻具、液力冲击器等具体实现方式有阀板、螺杆、涡轮、离心叶片等，这些新方法与新工具的出现对减摩降阻、提速增效具有重要的应用意义。现有的水力振荡器会使泵压升高，对泥浆泵的使用寿命会造成不利影响，并且螺杆产生的轴向力会加强动阀板与静阀板之间的摩擦力，进而会加速动阀板和静阀板的磨损，这会大大缩短水力振荡器的使用寿命。
基于此，本文在现有研究基础上，提出一种新型的振荡器，利用钻井液实现能量转换，产生以轴向振动为主的复合振动，由于自身的结构特点，使叶轮产生的轴向力不会通过阀芯管传递给下接头，从旁通喷出的钻井液能搅动井眼环空内的岩屑，以提高钻井液的携岩能力。并结合机身结构参数与钻井参数，实现钻进过程减摩降阻、增大钻头有效钻压、提高机械钻速以及延伸钻柱入井位移等目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：为克服现有水平井、大位移井钻进摩阻大，井口钻压无法有效传递给钻头的不足、钻井液的携岩能力不高以及现有轴向振动工具使用效果不理想的问题，设计一种新型负压脉冲振荡器。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：所述的负压脉冲振荡器，由上接头、锁紧 帽、调整垫片A、叶轮、平键、叶轮芯轴、叶轮壳体、水帽、阀芯管、调整垫片B、上TC轴承动圈、上TC轴承动圈耐磨套、型密封圈、上TC轴承静圈、上TC轴承静圈耐磨套、半圆键、串轴承、轴承壳体、下TC轴承动圈、下TC轴承动圈耐磨套、下TC轴承静圈耐磨套、喷嘴外壳、喷嘴、下接头、堵头组成，其特征在于上接头1、叶轮壳体7、轴承壳体18、喷嘴外壳22和下接头24依次通过螺纹连接；叶轮4与叶轮芯轴6之间通过平键5和锁紧帽2连接，实现叶轮4定位；锁紧帽2通过螺纹与叶轮芯轴6连接；叶轮芯轴6、水帽8和阀芯管9依次通过螺纹连接；上TC轴承动圈11通过螺纹与阀芯管9连接；上TC轴承静圈14通过半圆键16与轴承壳体18配合，实现其周向定位；串轴承17位于上TC轴承静圈14与喷嘴外壳22之间，并通过轴承壳体18与喷嘴外壳22之间的螺纹配合实现串轴承17的定位；下TC轴承动圈19与阀芯管9之间采用螺纹配合；阀芯管9下端开有两个相互间隔180°的径向通孔，与之对应，喷嘴外壳22下端也开有径向通孔，通孔内装有喷嘴23和堵头25，喷嘴23和堵头25通过螺纹与喷嘴外壳22连接；喷嘴外壳22上端内表面设置有下TC轴承静圈耐磨套21，并通过烧结与喷嘴外壳22连接到一起；喷嘴外壳22下端的径向通孔成对设置，每对径向通孔相互间隔180°并处于同一平面内。喷嘴外壳22下端的通孔可以设置为1对、2对、3对或者4对，附图中以2对通孔为例，通孔的数量根据实际工况要求来确定；当实际工况改变需要改变振动频率时，则可以将其中部分喷嘴23换成堵头25，或者将其中部分堵头25换成喷嘴23，更换的喷嘴23或堵头25必须是成对更换。阀芯管9下端的径向通孔同一平面内，工具装配体完成之后，阀芯管9下端两个径向通孔与喷嘴外壳22下端的径向通孔处于同一平面内。
本发明与现有技术比较，其有益效果是：(1)只需要较小的立管压力就可以产生负向脉冲；(2)常规水力振荡器会使泵压升高，负压脉冲振荡器设有全新的旁通，可以在提高钻速的同时降低泵压，减小对泵的消耗；(3)负压脉冲振荡器能提供一个频率可调的周期性轴向冲击力；(4)负压脉冲振荡器沿径向喷出的钻井液对井壁有冲击搅动的能力，有助于岩屑在环空的运移，提高钻井液携岩能力。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的负压脉冲振荡器的结构示意图。
图中：1-上接头、2-锁紧帽、3-调整垫片A、4-叶轮、5-平键、6-叶轮芯轴、7-叶轮壳体、8-水帽、9-阀芯管、10-调整垫片B、11-上TC轴承动圈、12-上TC轴承动圈耐磨套、13-O型密封圈、14-上TC轴承静圈、15-上TC轴承静圈耐磨套、16-半圆键、17-串轴承、18-轴承壳体、19-下TC轴承动圈、20-下TC轴承动圈耐磨套、21-下TC轴承静圈耐磨套、22-喷嘴外 壳、23-喷嘴、24-下接头。
图2为本发明所述的负压脉冲振荡器工作状态2的结构示意图。
图3为本发明所述的负压脉冲振荡器工作状态1钻井液流动三维示意图。
图4为本发明所述的负压脉冲振荡器工作状态2钻井液流动三维示意图。
图5为本发明所述的叶轮及其连接部件的三维示意图。
图6为本发明图1中A-A面的截面图。
图中：9-阀芯管、11-上TC轴承动圈、12-上TC轴承动圈耐磨套、14-上TC轴承静圈、15-上TC轴承静圈耐磨套、16-半圆键、18-轴承壳体。
图7为本发明图1中B-B面的截面图。
图中：9-阀芯管、22-喷嘴外壳、23-喷嘴、25-堵头。
图8为本发明图2中C-C面的截面图。
图中：9-阀芯管、22-喷嘴外壳、23-喷嘴、25-堵头。
图9为本发明所述的平键式叶轮三维示意图。
图10为本发明所述的花键式叶轮三维示意图。
图11为本发明所述的上TC轴承动圈与上TC轴承动圈耐磨套烧结后的三维示意图。
图12为本发明所述的上TC轴承静圈与上TC轴承静圈耐磨套烧结后的三维示意图。
图13为本发明所述的负压脉冲振荡器与减震器配合示意图。
图中：1301-减震器、1302-负压脉冲振荡器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：根据附图1所示，所述负压脉冲振荡器，主要由上接头、锁紧帽、调整垫片A、叶轮、平键、叶轮芯轴、叶轮壳体、水帽、阀芯管、调整垫片B、上TC轴承动圈、上TC轴承动圈耐磨套、型密封圈、上TC轴承静圈、上TC轴承静圈耐磨套、半圆键、串轴承、轴承壳体、下TC轴承动圈、下TC轴承动圈耐磨套、下TC轴承静圈耐磨套、喷嘴外壳、喷嘴、下接头、堵头组成，其特征在于上接头1、叶轮壳体7、轴承壳体18、喷嘴外壳22和下接头24依次通过螺纹连接；叶轮4与叶轮芯轴6之间通过平键5和锁紧帽2连接，实现叶轮4定位；锁紧帽2通过螺纹与叶轮芯轴6连接；叶轮芯轴6、水帽8和阀芯管9依次通过螺纹连接；上TC轴承动圈11通过螺纹与阀芯管9连接；上TC轴承静圈14通过半圆键16与轴承壳体18配合，实现其周向定位；串轴承17位于上TC轴承静圈14与喷嘴外壳22之间，并通过轴承壳体18与喷嘴外壳22之间的螺纹配合实现串轴承17的定位；下TC轴承动圈19与阀芯管9之间采用螺纹配合；阀芯管9下端开有两个相互间隔180° 的径向通孔，与之对应，喷嘴外壳22下端也开有径向通孔，通孔内装有喷嘴23和堵头25，喷嘴22和堵头25通过螺纹与喷嘴外壳22连接；喷嘴外壳22上端内表面设置有下TC轴承静圈耐磨套21，并通过烧结与喷嘴外壳22连接到一起；喷嘴外壳22下端的径向通孔成对设置，每对径向通孔相互间隔180°并处于同一平面内。喷嘴外壳22下端的通孔可以设置为1对、2对、3对或者4对，附图中以2对通孔为例，通孔的数量根据实际工况要求来确定；当实际工况改变需要改变振动频率时，则可以将其中部分喷嘴23换成堵头25，或者将其中部分堵头25换成喷嘴23，更换的喷嘴23或堵头25必须是成对更换。阀芯管9下端的径向通孔同一平面内，工具装配体完成之后，阀芯管9下端两个径向通孔与喷嘴外壳22下端的径向通孔处于同一平面内。
负压脉冲振荡器的基本工作原理是：地面钻井泵将具有压力势能的钻井液输入到井下管柱，压力钻井液输入到负压脉冲振荡器后，冲击叶轮4，带动叶轮5旋转，将钻井液的一部分压力势能转化成机械能，机械能带动阀芯管9做周期性旋转运动，阀芯管9控制工具内部钻井液与外部钻井液的连通与断开，由于工具内外钻井液的压力差，在阀芯管9旋转的过程中会使工具内部压力产生周期性波动，从而使负压脉冲振荡器产生一个周期性振动；并且流出的钻井液还可用于清洗井壁，提高钻井液的携岩能力。
工作过程中，负压脉冲振荡器上部接减振器配合使用，如图13所示，从减震器流出的钻井液直接从上接头1流入负压脉冲振荡器内部，从上接头1流过的钻井液直接冲击叶轮4，使叶轮4产生旋转运动，并伴随产生一定的轴向力。如图3所示，钻井液冲击叶轮4后，进入叶轮壳体7和水帽8之间的环空，再通过水帽8的径向孔流入水帽8内部，在顺着工具往下流，进入阀芯管9内部；当阀芯管9下端径向通孔与喷嘴外壳22的径向通孔错开时，钻井液直接从阀芯管9内部流入下接头24，再从下接头24流出，进入下部钻具组合；当阀芯管9下端径向通孔与喷嘴外壳22的径向通孔连通时，如图4所示，一部分钻井液从阀芯管9内部流入下接头24，再从下接头24流出，进入下部钻具组合，另一部分钻井液则流经阀芯管9内部，再从喷嘴23处喷出到振荡器外部，由于振荡器内外钻井液的压力差，会使振荡器内部的压力降低；钻井液冲击叶轮4产生的旋转运动则通过叶轮芯轴6和水帽8传递给阀芯管9，如图5所示，使阀芯管9做旋转运动，使阀芯管9下端径向通孔与喷嘴外壳22的径向通孔在连通和不连通之间循环，从而使钻柱内部的钻井液压力产生一个周期性波动。钻井液冲击叶轮4产生的向下的轴向力通过叶轮芯轴6、水帽8、阀芯管9、上TC轴承动圈11和串轴承17传递给喷嘴外壳22，从而使阀芯管9下端不会承受过大的轴向力。

Claims (8)

  1. 负压脉冲振荡器，由上接头、锁紧帽、调整垫片A、叶轮、平键、叶轮芯轴、叶轮壳体、水帽、阀芯管、调整垫片B、上TC轴承动圈、上TC轴承动圈耐磨套、型密封圈、上TC轴承静圈、上TC轴承静圈耐磨套、半圆键、串轴承、轴承壳体、下TC轴承动圈、下TC轴承动圈耐磨套、下TC轴承静圈耐磨套、喷嘴外壳、喷嘴、下接头、堵头组成，其特征在于上接头(1)、叶轮壳体(7)、轴承壳体(18)、喷嘴外壳(22)和下接头(24)依次通过螺纹连接；叶轮(4)与叶轮芯轴(6)之间通过平键(5)和锁紧帽(2)连接，实现叶轮(4)定位；锁紧帽(2)通过螺纹与叶轮芯轴(6)连接；叶轮芯轴(6)、水帽(8)和阀芯管(9)依次通过螺纹连接；上TC轴承动圈(11)通过螺纹与阀芯管(9)连接；上TC轴承静圈(14)通过半圆键(16)与轴承壳体(18)配合，实现其周向定位；串轴承(17)位于上TC轴承静圈(14)与喷嘴外壳(22)之间，并通过轴承壳体(18)与喷嘴外壳(22)之间的螺纹配合实现串轴承(17)的定位；下TC轴承动圈(19)与阀芯管(9)之间采用螺纹配合；阀芯管(9)下端开有两个相互间隔180°的径向通孔，与之对应，喷嘴外壳(22)下端也开有径向通孔，通孔内装有喷嘴(23)和堵头(25)，喷嘴(23)和堵头(25)通过螺纹与喷嘴外壳(22)连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的叶轮和叶轮芯轴的连接方式，其特征在于：所述的叶轮(4)与叶轮芯轴(6)的连接方式包括平键连接、花键连接、半圆键连接或者径向锁紧螺钉连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的上TC轴承动圈、上TC轴承静圈和下TC轴承动圈，其特征在于：所述的上TC轴承动圈耐磨套(12)与上TC轴承动圈(11)通过烧结连接到一起；上TC轴承静圈耐磨套(15)与上TC轴承静圈(14)通过烧结连接到一起；下TC轴承动圈耐磨套(20)与下TC轴承动圈(19)通过烧结连接到一起。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的喷嘴外壳，其特征在于：所述的喷嘴外壳(22)上端内表面设置有下TC轴承静圈耐磨套(21)，并通过烧结与喷嘴外壳(22)连接到一起；喷嘴外壳(22)下端的径向通孔成对设置，每对径向通孔相互间隔180°并处于同一平面内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的喷嘴外壳下端的径向通孔，其特征在于：所述的通孔内设置有螺纹，用于和喷嘴(23)或堵头(25)配合；喷嘴外壳(22)下端的径向通孔数量包括1对、2对、3对或者4对，附图中以2对通孔为例，通孔的数量根据实际工况要求来确定；以4对通孔为例，当实际工况改变需要改变振动频率时，则可以将其中部分喷嘴(23)换成堵头(25)，或者将其中部分堵头(25)换成喷嘴(23)，更换的喷嘴(23)或堵头(25)必须是成对更换。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的阀芯管，其特征在于：所述阀芯管(9)下端的径向通孔在同一平面内，工具装配体完成之后，阀芯管(9)下端两个径向通孔与喷嘴外壳(22)下端的径向通孔处于同一平面内。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的负压脉冲振荡器，其特征在于：当阀芯管(9)下端的径向通孔与喷嘴(23)连通时，部分钻井液从阀芯管(9)内部流到工具外部，管柱内部钻井液压力降低；当阀芯管(9)处于闭合状态时，阀芯管(9)内部钻井液与工具外部钻井液断开，同时管柱内部钻井液压力开始上升；如此反复形成管柱内部钻井液压力波动。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的负压脉冲振荡器，其特征在于：所述的阀芯管(9)下端面与下接头(24)保持一定的间隙。
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