WO2019058203A1 - Device for protecting against impact - Google Patents

Device for protecting against impact Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019058203A1
WO2019058203A1 PCT/IB2018/056845 IB2018056845W WO2019058203A1 WO 2019058203 A1 WO2019058203 A1 WO 2019058203A1 IB 2018056845 W IB2018056845 W IB 2018056845W WO 2019058203 A1 WO2019058203 A1 WO 2019058203A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sheet
pattern
layer
tessellation
fibers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2018/056845
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andres Felipe MONTOYA TOBÓN
Javier Mauricio BETANCUR MUÑOZ
Edgar Alexander OSSA HENAO
Susana María ESTRADA HERNÁNDEZ
Original Assignee
Universidad Eafit
Tecnologías Marte
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad Eafit, Tecnologías Marte filed Critical Universidad Eafit
Publication of WO2019058203A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019058203A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to the field of impact protection devices, such as shielding, industrial or sports protective clothing.
  • WO2015184527A1 relates to methods and systems for increasing the deformability, hardness and impact resistance of different materials.
  • This document discloses two-dimensional surface modifications and three-dimensional arrangements in materials, allowing their deformation, for greater flexibility and impact resistance.
  • the document discloses a biomimetic system consisting of hard protective plates of well defined geometry, of finite sizes and disposed periodically on a soft substrate several orders of magnitude less rigid than the plates. These characteristics increase drilling resistance, bending, tolerance to damage and "multi-hit" (multiple impacts) capabilities.
  • the manufacturing methodology allows the quick and easy implementation of these attributes with a high level of geometric control and repeatability.
  • the document relates only to monolithic materials with a fragile behavior and low fracture toughness (between 0.5 MPa.m 172 and 1.0 MPa.m 172 ) and with a modulus of elasticity between 55GPa and lOOGPa, and does not mention the arrangement of through-cut patterns throughout the material.
  • the document US20110000001A1 refers to a product and a method for implementing a protection system.
  • the invention is a sculpted and interlaced surface, free of tension concentrators comprising: a first part, a second part, a intermediate portion disposed between the first part and the second part, and a base surface.
  • the first part comprises, in turn, a plurality of nodes and a plurality of bas-reliefs.
  • the protective surface is used as armor against incoming ballistic bodies, including ballistic projectiles and ballistic fragments, to provide protection to buildings, equipment and floors, or to become a protective cover for products and objects. This development, however, is not suitable as protective clothing for people, due to its volume and configuration.
  • FIG. l corresponds to a perspective view of an embodiment of the impact protection device, where the external face (6) and the internal face (7) of the sheet (1) are observed; the pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1) is formed by non-through relief cuts.
  • FIG. 2 corresponds to an exploded view of one embodiment of the protection device, where the sheet (1) is formed by a first layer (4), and a second layer (5). It is observed that the fibers (2) of the first layer (4) are oriented at an angle of 90 ° with respect to the fibers (2) of the second layer (5).
  • FIG. 3 illustrates different types of patterns (3) that the sheet (1) of the impact protection device can have. Said patterns (3) are engraved by means of non-through relief cuts.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates different types of patterns (3) that the blade (1) of the impact protection device can have. Said patterns (3) are recorded by means of discontinuous through cuts.
  • FIG.5 corresponds to a perspective view of an embodiment of the impact protection device where the sheet (1) is observed; the pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1) is formed by discontinuous through cuts.
  • FIG. 6 corresponds to a perspective view of an embodiment of the impact protection device, where the pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1) partially covers the surface of the sheet (1).
  • FIG. 7 corresponds to a perspective view of one embodiment of the protection device where two superimposed sheets (1) are observed; where the pattern (3) of engraving of each sheet (1) is different.
  • FIG. 8 corresponds to sectional views of different types of pattern cutting (3) made on a sheet (1).
  • FIG. 9 illustrates multiple types of cut and geometric patterns (3) used in test specimens of the sheet (1) of the impact protection device.
  • FIG. 10 corresponds to a diagram of the three point bending test.
  • FIG. 1 corresponds to a diagram of the dynamic impact test.
  • FIG. 12 corresponds to a diagram where the results obtained in the three-point bending test and the dynamic impact test are summarized in a Cartesian plane.
  • FIG. 13 corresponds to a perspective view of one embodiment of the sheet (1) of the impact protection device.
  • FIG. 14 corresponds to a perspective view of a shoe (12) with a protective jig (13) made with the impact protection device.
  • FIG.15 corresponds to a perspective view of a protective vest (14) made with the impact protection device.
  • FIG.16 corresponds to perspective view of a vehicle door and a piece of vehicle armor made with the impact protection device.
  • the present invention corresponds to an impact protection device comprising a sheet of composite material, with a pattern engraved on one of its faces; said composite material has a modulus of elasticity between 0.8GPa and 250GPa and is formed of fibers arranged in a matrix.
  • the sheet acquires greater flexibility in the engraved areas, providing a flexible shielding that adapts to surfaces with curves and allows the user or the protected element to move easily.
  • the devices of protection against impacts are elements that are used to preserve the physical integrity of multiple devices and users, such as military or civil vehicles, buildings and people, among others, before all types of impacts, from explosions, ballistic impacts, car accidents or beatings received in sports activities.
  • Said impact protection devices have been characterized since ancient times as being rigid pieces, which add weight to the element or protected user, especially if it is intended to repel projectile or landmine impacts, which requires heavy and resistant armoring materials, such as steel.
  • the maneuverability and movement of both vehicles and users is restricted.
  • the present invention corresponds to an impact protection device comprising a sheet (1) of composite material with a modulus of elasticity between 0.8GPa and 250Gpa, which is formed of fibers (2); and a pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1).
  • the present invention is a device for protection against impacts designed to be used in crash applications, such as ballistic impacts, impacts on sports activities and others.
  • the device of protection against impacts allows to support loads by impacts from low speeds (0 to 2 m / s) to ballistic impacts (of the order of 1500 m / s).
  • the present invention is applicable in protective clothing for the human body, vehicular armoring, aeronautics, among others.
  • the impact protection device comprising a sheet (1) of composite material, the sheet (1) has a pattern (3) engraved on one of its faces; wherein the composite material has a modulus of elasticity between 0.8GPa and 250GPa and is formed of fibers (2) arranged in a matrix.
  • Said engraving forms figures or tessellations covering all or part of one side or both sides of the sheet (1).
  • tiling or tessellation will be understood as a regularity of figures that completely cover a portion or all of a flat surface without spaces remaining or overlapping the figures.
  • Said tiling or tessellation can be regular, semi-irregular or irregular, a regular tiling is formed only of equilateral triangles, squares or regular hexagons.
  • a semiregular tessellation contains two or more regular polygons in its formation and finally an irregular tessellation
  • the sheet (1) comprises two faces, an external face (6) which is the impact face and an internal face (7) that would be facing the surface of the individual or object to be protected.
  • the pattern (3) is on the outer face (6) of the sheet (1), however, the pattern (3) can also be on the inner face (7) or both simultaneously.
  • the figures forming the pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1) can be any type of geometric figure such as lines, circles, ellipses, polygons and even a combination of different geometric figures.
  • One of the purposes of the pattern (3) is to give the sheet (1) flexibility, allowing it to move or adjust to curved or irregular surfaces, preserving its ability to repel impacts. This is achieved because when recording the pattern (3) the sheet (1) becomes more flexible in the regions where the engraving or cutting was made, while the regions without engraving remain rigid. Therefore, a flexible sheet (1) is obtained, from the combination of rigid regions separated by their flexible perimeter.
  • One of the technical effects produced by the arrangement of geometric figures such as circles, ellipses or polygons to form the pattern (3) in the impact protection device is the distribution of the impact load.
  • the load By exerting a point load or a punctual impact on one of the figures of the external face (6) of the sheet (1), the load is distributed in the total area of the figure, reducing the concentration of stresses in the internal face ( 7) and consequently reducing the possible damage to the object or protected individual.
  • the load or impact exerted on the external face (6) is distributed not only over the area of the impacted figure, but also over the adjacent figures or on the whole of the sheet (1), dissipating over a larger area the energy of the load or of the impact, significantly reducing the damage on the internal face (7) of the sheet (1).
  • the sheet (1) of the impact protection device is formed by a first layer (4) and a second layer (5), which are composed of fibers (2), which can be woven or non-woven.
  • fibers (2) woven when the fibers (2) are interlaced by means of weft and warp and as fibers (2) non-woven when the fibers are in the same or different direction and are united with each other by means of other mechanical, chemical or temperature methods.
  • the first layer (4) and the second layer (5) lying one on the other and the orientation direction of the fibers (2) varies between 0 and 90 ° or between layers.
  • the matrix is a material of continuous character and transmits the efforts to the fibers (2) that are in contact with said matrix.
  • the matrix is polymeric.
  • the sheet (1) can be formed by more than two layers, which preferably have a direction of orientation between the fibers (2) of each layer of 60 °; In this way, an isotropic material is obtained, that is, a material with homogeneous mechanical properties in all directions.
  • a sheet (1) formed by two or more layers with fibers (2) arranged in a different direction between layer and layer will distribute the loads and stresses generated by an impact, in a more homogeneous manner along the area of said layer.
  • sheet (1) which a sheet (1) formed by a single layer.
  • the layers of fibers (2) are agglomerated one on top of the other by means of pressure, temperature, adhesives, equivalent elements that are known to a person of ordinary skill in the art or combinations of the above.
  • the sheet (1) can present between layer and layer depositions of ceramic materials, metal, or any material with a modulus of elasticity different from the material of the sheet (1). These depositions can be made between layer and layer or only on the external face (6) of the outer layer. These depositions achieve a localized increase in the rigidity (modulus of elasticity) of the fibers (2), causing the object that impacts the sheet (1) to deform or fracture, achieving a greater dissipation of energy and finally reducing the impact effect on the inner face (7) of the sheet (1).
  • the pattern (3) of the sheet (1) can be recorded by means of cuts or removal of material.
  • said cut may be through or not, and discontinuous or continuous.
  • said cut will be understood as a non-through cut, that which passes through a section of the sheet (1) without crossing the surface opposite to where the perforation was started; and as a through cut that crosses all the layers of the sheet (1).
  • continuous cutting will be understood when the engraved pattern (3) draws an uninterrupted line on the perimeter of the geometric figure that forms the pattern (3) and as a discontinuous cut when the engraved pattern (3) draws interrupted lines on the perimeter of the pattern. the geometric figure that forms the pattern (3).
  • the sheet (1) of the impact protection device can have different types of patterns (3).
  • Said patterns (3) are engraved by means of non-through relief cuts. These patterns (3) are closed figures that are repeated throughout the piece. These figures can be any type of polygon such as rectangles, squares, rhombuses or triangles; circles or combinations between various geometric figures, as the examples described below: a pattern (3 Al) that forms regular hexagons on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation.
  • the pattern (3A1) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
  • the pattern (3A2) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
  • - a pattern (3A3) that forms horizontal lines on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation.
  • the pattern (3A3) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
  • - a pattern (3 A4) that forms squares on the whole of the external face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation.
  • the pattern (3A4) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
  • - a pattern (3A5) that forms isosceles triangles on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation.
  • the pattern (3A5) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
  • the pattern (3A6) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
  • the pattern (3A7) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
  • the pattern (3A8) is non-continuous and continuous.
  • the pattern (3A9) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
  • the sheet (1) of the impact protection device can have different types of patterns (3). Said patterns (3) are recorded by means of through cuts. These patterns (3) are repeated throughout the piece and follow the perimeter of geometric figures that can be polygons (such as rectangles, squares, rhombuses or triangles); circles or combinations between various geometric figures, such as those described below:
  • - a pattern (3B 1) that forms regular hexagons on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation.
  • the pattern (3B 1) is through-cut and discontinuous.
  • - a pattern (3B2) that forms irregular hexagons on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation.
  • the pattern (3B2) is cut and discontinuous.
  • the pattern (3B3) is through-cut and discontinuous.
  • the pattern (3B4) is through-cut and discontinuous.
  • - a pattern (3B5) that forms isosceles triangles on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation.
  • the pattern (3B5) is through-cut and discontinuous.
  • - a pattern (3B6) that forms intersecting circles on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation.
  • the pattern (3B6) is through-cut and discontinuous.
  • the pattern (3B7) is through-cut and discontinuous.
  • the pattern (3B8) is through-cut and discontinuous.
  • the pattern (3B9) is through-cut and discontinuous.
  • an engraving pattern (3B 10) forming six-sided polygons, which form a figure similar to an inverted "v" over the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation.
  • the pattern (3B 10) is through-cut and discontinuous.
  • the pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1) is of a continuous and discontinuous cut. These cuts follow sections or segments of the perimeter of a tessellation, these cuts can be located in the vertices of the geometric figures described by the engraving, on the sides of the geometric figures described by the engraving, without touching the vertices of said figures, or There may be a combination of both.
  • the sheet (1) has a pattern (3) that covers a partiality of the surface of the sheet (1), this pattern can cover between 0.1% and 100% of the surface of the sheet (1). the sheet, can cover 100% of the surface or not cover 100% of the surface.
  • the part not covered by the pattern (3) is more resistant but more rigid and the part covered by the pattern (3) is less resistant but more flexible. Having a combination of sections of sheet (1) with pattern (3) and without pattern (3) allows greater flexibility of the sheet (1) in certain points and greater strength in other areas.
  • the sheet (1) has different compositions of materials in partial sections of the surface area of the sheet, due to coatings.
  • the sheet (1) may have a metallic or ceramic coating to increase the stiffness in the area where the pattern (3) is recorded.
  • the coating increases the rigidity within the figures and simultaneously the cuts increase the overall flexibility of the sheet (1).
  • FIG. 7 there are two sheets (1) engraved superimposed, where the pattern (3) of the first sheet (1) is different from the pattern (3) of the second sheet (1). The technical effect obtained by using more than one sheet (1) is the increase in strength.
  • the immediately adjacent second sheet (1) will help support the impact received by the outer face (6) of the first sheet (1), functioning as a second protective layer against impact.
  • two sheets (1) can have the same pattern (3) with a lag between the patterns (3) of each sheet.
  • Two sheets (1) of the same pattern (3) can also be used with different types of cuts, through and through, continuous and discontinuous; or sheets (1) with different patterns (3) and different types of cut, through and not through and continuous or discontinuous.
  • the design of the sheet (1) prevents that this impact penetrates, be it ballistic or slower.
  • the design of the sheet (1) allows the impact to pass through the device of protection against impacts, in order that the user who is covered by this, can defend himself from inside.
  • the cut by means of which the pattern (3) is engraved can have different profiles through different manufacturing processes such as fiber cutting or displacement, such as laser cutting, water jet cutting. , embossing, stamping or stamping, among others. Additionally said cut may have an engraving channel angle (a) of the pattern (3) with respect to the surface of the sheet (1), which is between I o and 179 °.
  • fiber cutting or displacement such as laser cutting, water jet cutting.
  • embossing, stamping or stamping among others.
  • said cut may have an engraving channel angle (a) of the pattern (3) with respect to the surface of the sheet (1), which is between I o and 179 °.
  • laminates (1) were fabricated for testing, with UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) fibers, non-woven and laser-cut, which present a Young's modulus between 0.9GPa to IGPa.
  • UHMWPE Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene
  • the specimens were made in pairs, where each pair has the same pattern (3), but different pattern orientation (3), rotating 90 ° between the pair. Some of these pairs of specimens are described below: In specimen D16V, there is a pattern (3) of irregular hexagons (slender) in the vertical direction of the specimen, whereas in specimen DI 6H the same pattern is observed ( 3) of hexagons but oriented in the horizontal direction.
  • the specimen D16V has greater flexibility in the horizontal axis and the specimen D16H is more flexible in the vertical axis, while in the specimens D17V and D17H, where the pattern (3) presents regular hexagons, the flexibility is similar in both directions.
  • the specimens D19V and D19H present a pattern (3) of regular hexagons engraved with through and discontinuous cuts, where the cuts are only located in the sections of the vertices of the hexagons.
  • the specimens D20V and D20H they have a pattern (3) also formed by irregular hexagons, it is recorded by means of intermittent and discontinuous cuts that are made in the central section of the sides of the hexagons and not in the vertices.
  • the specimens D19V, D19H, D20V and D20H have a flexibility similar to that of test pieces D17V and D17H.
  • the specimens such as D13V, D13H, D21V and D21H have a pattern (3) of parallel lines and grid respectively, which have different flexibilities according to their orientation.
  • the specimens D14V and D14H have a pattern (3) of irregular hexagons engraved with through and discontinuous cuts, where the cuts are only located in the sections of the vertices of the hexagons.
  • the specimens D15V and D15H have a pattern (3) also formed by irregular hexagons, is engraved by means of intermittent and discontinuous cuts that are made in the central section of the sides of the hexagons and not in the vertices.
  • the specimens D14V, D14H, D15V and D15H have a flexibility similar to that of test pieces D16V and D16H in their respective orientation.
  • the specimens D18V and D18H have a pattern (3) that describes equilateral triangles arranged in a tessellation matrix that covers the entire surface, just as group D16V and D16H are oriented in different directions.
  • the test pieces were oriented in different directions since a hypothesis was established where it was established that according to the orientation of the cutting engravings a greater flexibility would be obtained in the vertical axis or in the horizontal axis.
  • the different specimens were subjected to 2 different types of tests: a three-point bending test and a dynamic impact test.
  • the test specimens for the flexural test are rectangular, 120mm long and 50mm wide, and the dynamic impact test specimens are circular specimens of 100 mm diameter. The thickness of all the specimens is approximately 2mm.
  • a three-point bending test was performed, where the rectangular specimens are supported near the ends of their longer side by their internal face (7), and are subjected to a constant load in the center of the specimen on the external face (6).
  • This test allows to know values of load, energy and deflection of the test tube and therefore the stiffness and the Young's modulus can be calculated by knowing the geometry of the specimens. These values can be tabulated or plotted on a Cartesian plane. This information is directly related to the flexibility that each particular specimen has and allows to know within the pairs of specimens which pattern orientation (3) of engraving allows more flexibility. Understanding as greater flexibility a positive attribute for the invention.
  • a dynamic impact test was carried out, where the circular specimens are fixed by their perimeter and are impacted at a speed determined by an impact element on their external face (6).
  • This test allows to know values of load, energy and deflection, being especially important the values of energy that can support each one of the test pieces.
  • the values obtained by the test can be tabulated or plotted on a Cartesian plane.
  • FIG.12. a Cartesian plan was elaborated which summarizes the results obtained in the tests of flexion at three points and dynamic impact. In this Cartesian plane it is described what is the energy absorbed during the impact test and what is the flexibility calculated from the bending test as the inverse of the stiffness from the three point bending test.
  • the control group (8) is composed of the control specimens, these are not illustrated and their dimensions are equal to those of the specimens illustrated and described, however, they have no pattern (3) recorded. According to the results of the tests, the control specimens are those that have less flexibility, but have the greatest amount of energy absorbed.
  • the group of squares and triangles (9) is composed of test pieces D13V, D13H, D18V, D18H, D21V and D21H.
  • the patterns (3) of these specimens increase The flexibility of the specimen is reduced, in some cases to twice the value of the flexibility of the specimens of the control group (8), however, there is a significant decrease in the energy absorbed by the specimens.
  • the group of irregular hexagons (10) is composed of test pieces D14V, D14H, D15V, D15H, D16V and D16H. This group of specimens are superior in flexibility compared to the control group (8) and the group of squares and triangles (9), but there is a significant reduction in the energy absorbed.
  • the group of regular hexagons (11) consists of test pieces D17V, D17H, D19V, D19H, D20V and D20H.
  • the control group (8) there is a decrease of about 10% in the energy absorbed by the test pieces, but there is a 360% increase in flexibility, which is directly related to flexibility. This is the reason why this last group is the most outstanding geometry to be used in the invention.
  • Example 1 Referring to FIG.13, a 30cm by 30cm sheet (1) was made, composed of 12 sheets of composite material, where each sheet was composed of 4 layers of ultra high molecular weight unidirectional polyethylene fibers (UHMWPE) by its abbreviations in English), consolidated among themselves by a matrix of natural rubber through a pressing process (pressure: 2700psi and temperature: 125 ° C). A sheet about 2.4 mm thick was obtained. The angle formed between the fibers was 90 ° between layer and layer.
  • UHMWPE ultra high molecular weight unidirectional polyethylene fibers
  • a pattern (3) was engraved by means of a non-continuous and continuous cut that was made with a laser cutter, achieving a depth cut of approximately one third of the depth of the sheet.
  • the geometry described by the cut was a pattern (3) of regular hexagons parameterized on one side of 2cm and the angle (a) of the cut profile was approximately 90 ° with respect to the external face (6) of the sheet.
  • a jig (13) for protection against detonation of antipersonnel mines was made, which was composed of a sheet (1) shaped in the same way as that described in example 1 with a pattern (3) that describes parallel lines, perpendicular to the greater length of the template, and located in the area under the toes, to improve the flexibility of the sheet (1) in that area.
  • the insole has towards its internal face an extra layer of recovered leather, which was attached to the sheet (1) during the pressing.
  • the template (13) can be used inside a shoe or boot for civilian use, as well as inside a military boot.
  • a protection vest (14) was made against 9mm ammunition impacts, which was composed of two vest sheets (15 and 16) shaped in the same way as that described in example 1, with the difference that each sheet (15 and 16) was composed of eight sheets of unidirectional fibers of UHMWPE, and each sheet was composed of four layers of fibers oriented at 90 ° between layers. Additionally, the pattern (3) of the first sheet of the vest (15) described a geometry of irregular hexagons, oriented in different directions, according to the need of the area to be protected, and the pattern of the second sheet of the vest (16) described segments of circles (not shown), where the pattern (3) did not cover the entire surface of the sheet. In addition to the vest sheets (15 and 16), the vest was additionally composed of three unpressed sheets (17) of a unidirectional UHMWPE composite material, where each sheet was composed of four layers of fibers oriented at 90 ° between layer and layer.
  • the protective vest (14) in its entirety was covered by a fabric composed of polyamide fibers, which constituted the outer cover of the protective vest (14), not illustrated in the figure.
  • a vehicle armor piece was made which was composed of a sheet (1) similar to that described in example 1, with the difference that it was made from 82 sheets of material, which were each formed by four layers of unidirectional fibers of UHMWPE, oriented at 90 ° between layer and layer and consolidated by means of a pressing process in a thermoplastic polyurethane matrix.
  • the armor piece was adapted to the door of a vehicle, and the pattern (3) consisted of parallel lines along the area where the vehicle door has a curvature. In this way the engraved pattern (3) covered only a percentage of the total area of the sheet (1).

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for protecting against impact, which comprises a sheet of composite material with a pattern engraved on a face thereof, said composite material having an elasticity module between 0.8 and 250 GPa and being formed by fibres disposed in a polymer matrix. By means of the pattern, the sheet acquires greater flexibility in the engraved areas, providing a flexible shield that adapts to surfaces with curves and allows the protected element or user to move easily.

Description

DISPOSITIVO DE PROTECCIÓN CONTRA IMPACTOS  IMPACT PROTECTION DEVICE
Campo de la invención Field of the invention
La presente invención pertenece al campo de los dispositivos de protección contra impactos, como blindajes, indumentaria de protección industrial o deportiva. The present invention pertains to the field of impact protection devices, such as shielding, industrial or sports protective clothing.
Descripción del estado de la técnica Description of the state of the art
El estado de la técnica divulga dispositivos de protección contra impactos como los divulgados en los documentos WO2015184527A1 y US 20110000001 Al El documento WO2015184527A1 está relacionado con métodos y sistemas para incrementar la deformabilidad, dureza y resistencia al impacto de diferentes materiales. Este documento divulga modificaciones superficiales bidimensionales y arreglos tridimensionales en materiales, permitiendo su deformación, para mayor flexibilidad y resistencia al impacto. También, el documento divulga un sistema biomimético que consiste de placas protectoras duras de geometría bien definida, de tamaños finitos y dispuestos de manera periódica sobre un sustrato blando de varios órdenes de magnitud menos rígida que las placas. Estas características aumentan la resistencia a la perforación, la flexión, la tolerancia al daño y las capacidades "multi-hit" (múltiples impactos). La metodología de fabricación permite la rápida y fácil implementación de estos atributos con un alto nivel de control geométrico y repetibilidad. Sin embargo, el documento se relaciona solo con materiales monolíticos de comportamiento frágil y baja tenacidad a la fractura (entre 0,5 MPa.m172 y 1,0 MPa.m172) y con un módulo de elasticidad entre 55GPa y lOOGPa, y no menciona la disposición de patrones de corte pasante a lo largo del material. The state of the art discloses impact protection devices such as those disclosed in WO2015184527A1 and US 20110000001 Al WO2015184527A1 relates to methods and systems for increasing the deformability, hardness and impact resistance of different materials. This document discloses two-dimensional surface modifications and three-dimensional arrangements in materials, allowing their deformation, for greater flexibility and impact resistance. Also, the document discloses a biomimetic system consisting of hard protective plates of well defined geometry, of finite sizes and disposed periodically on a soft substrate several orders of magnitude less rigid than the plates. These characteristics increase drilling resistance, bending, tolerance to damage and "multi-hit" (multiple impacts) capabilities. The manufacturing methodology allows the quick and easy implementation of these attributes with a high level of geometric control and repeatability. However, the document relates only to monolithic materials with a fragile behavior and low fracture toughness (between 0.5 MPa.m 172 and 1.0 MPa.m 172 ) and with a modulus of elasticity between 55GPa and lOOGPa, and does not mention the arrangement of through-cut patterns throughout the material.
El documento US20110000001A1 se refiere a un producto y un método para implementar un sistema de protección. La invención es una superficie esculpida y entrelazada, libre de concentradores de tensión que comprende: una primera parte, una segunda parte, una porción intermedia dispuesta entre la primera parte y la segunda parte, y una superficie de base. La primera parte comprende a su vez, una pluralidad de nodos y una pluralidad de bajorrelieves. En una modalidad de la invención, la superficie protectora es usada como armadura contra cuerpos balísticos entrantes, incluyendo proyectiles balísticos y fragmentos balísticos, para proporcionar protección a construcciones, equipos y pisos, o para convertirse en una cubierta de protección de productos y objetos. Este desarrollo, sin embargo, no es apto como indumentaria de protección para personas, debido a su volumen y configuración. The document US20110000001A1 refers to a product and a method for implementing a protection system. The invention is a sculpted and interlaced surface, free of tension concentrators comprising: a first part, a second part, a intermediate portion disposed between the first part and the second part, and a base surface. The first part comprises, in turn, a plurality of nodes and a plurality of bas-reliefs. In one embodiment of the invention, the protective surface is used as armor against incoming ballistic bodies, including ballistic projectiles and ballistic fragments, to provide protection to buildings, equipment and floors, or to become a protective cover for products and objects. This development, however, is not suitable as protective clothing for people, due to its volume and configuration.
Breve descripción de las figuras Brief description of the figures
La FIG. l corresponde a una vista en perspectiva de una modalidad del dispositivo de protección contra impactos, donde se observa la cara externa (6) y la cara interna (7) de la lámina (1); el patrón (3) grabado en la lámina (1) se forma por cortes en relieve no pasantes. FIG. l corresponds to a perspective view of an embodiment of the impact protection device, where the external face (6) and the internal face (7) of the sheet (1) are observed; the pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1) is formed by non-through relief cuts.
La FIG.2 corresponde a una vista en explosión de una modalidad del dispositivo de protección, donde la lámina (1) se conforma por una primera capa (4), y una segunda capa (5). Se observa que las fibras (2) de la primera capa (4) están orientadas formando un ángulo de 90° respecto a las fibras (2) de la segunda capa (5). FIG. 2 corresponds to an exploded view of one embodiment of the protection device, where the sheet (1) is formed by a first layer (4), and a second layer (5). It is observed that the fibers (2) of the first layer (4) are oriented at an angle of 90 ° with respect to the fibers (2) of the second layer (5).
La FIG.3 ilustra diferentes tipos de patrones (3) que puede tener la lámina (1) del dispositivo de protección contra impactos. Dichos patrones (3) se graban por medio de cortes en relieve no pasantes. FIG. 3 illustrates different types of patterns (3) that the sheet (1) of the impact protection device can have. Said patterns (3) are engraved by means of non-through relief cuts.
La FIG.4 ilustra diferentes tipos de patrones (3) que puede tener la lámina (1) del dispositivo de protección contra impactos. Dichos patrones (3) se graban por medio de cortes pasantes discontinuos. FIG. 4 illustrates different types of patterns (3) that the blade (1) of the impact protection device can have. Said patterns (3) are recorded by means of discontinuous through cuts.
La FIG.5 corresponde a una vista en perspectiva de una modalidad del dispositivo de protección contra impactos donde se observa la lámina (1); el patrón (3) grabado en la lámina (1) se forma por cortes pasantes discontinuos. La FIG.6 corresponde a una vista en perspectiva de una modalidad del dispositivo de protección contra impactos, donde el patrón (3) grabado en la lámina (1) cubre parcialmente la superficie de la lámina (1). FIG.5 corresponds to a perspective view of an embodiment of the impact protection device where the sheet (1) is observed; the pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1) is formed by discontinuous through cuts. FIG. 6 corresponds to a perspective view of an embodiment of the impact protection device, where the pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1) partially covers the surface of the sheet (1).
La FIG.7 corresponde a una vista en perspectiva de una modalidad del dispositivo de protección donde se observan dos láminas (1) superpuestas; donde el patrón (3) de grabado de cada lámina (1) es diferente. La FIG.8 corresponde a vistas en sección de diferentes tipos de corte de patrón (3) realizados sobre una lámina (1). FIG. 7 corresponds to a perspective view of one embodiment of the protection device where two superimposed sheets (1) are observed; where the pattern (3) of engraving of each sheet (1) is different. FIG. 8 corresponds to sectional views of different types of pattern cutting (3) made on a sheet (1).
La FIG.9 ilustra múltiples tipos de corte y patrones (3) geométricos utilizados en probetas de prueba de la lámina (1) del dispositivo de protección contra impactos. FIG. 9 illustrates multiple types of cut and geometric patterns (3) used in test specimens of the sheet (1) of the impact protection device.
La FIG.10 corresponde a un diagrama de la prueba de flexión a tres puntos. FIG. 10 corresponds to a diagram of the three point bending test.
La FIG.l 1 corresponde a un diagrama de la prueba de impacto dinámico. FIG. 1 corresponds to a diagram of the dynamic impact test.
La FIG.12 corresponde a un diagrama donde se resume en un plano cartesiano los resultados obtenidos en la prueba de flexión a tres puntos y la prueba de impacto dinámico. FIG. 12 corresponds to a diagram where the results obtained in the three-point bending test and the dynamic impact test are summarized in a Cartesian plane.
La FIG.13 corresponde a una vista en perspectiva de una modalidad de la lámina (1) del dispositivo de protección contra impactos. FIG. 13 corresponds to a perspective view of one embodiment of the sheet (1) of the impact protection device.
La FIG.14 corresponde a una vista en perspectiva de un zapato (12) con una plantilla de protección (13) fabricada con el dispositivo de protección contra impactos. La FIG.15 corresponde a una vista en perspectiva de un chaleco de protección (14) fabricado con el dispositivo de protección contra impactos. La FIG.16 corresponde a vista en perspectiva de una puerta de vehículo y una pieza de blindaje para vehículo fabricada con el dispositivo de protección contra impactos. FIG. 14 corresponds to a perspective view of a shoe (12) with a protective jig (13) made with the impact protection device. FIG.15 corresponds to a perspective view of a protective vest (14) made with the impact protection device. FIG.16 corresponds to perspective view of a vehicle door and a piece of vehicle armor made with the impact protection device.
Breve descripción de la invención BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención corresponde a un dispositivo de protección contra impactos que comprende una lámina de material compuesto, con un patrón grabado en una de sus caras; dicho material compuesto tiene un módulo de elasticidad entre 0,8GPa y 250GPa y se conforma de fibras dispuestas en una matriz. Por medio del patrón la lámina adquiere mayor flexibilidad en las zonas grabadas, otorgando un blindaje flexible que se adapta a superficies con curvas y permite que el usuario o el elemento protegido pueda moverse con facilidad. The present invention corresponds to an impact protection device comprising a sheet of composite material, with a pattern engraved on one of its faces; said composite material has a modulus of elasticity between 0.8GPa and 250GPa and is formed of fibers arranged in a matrix. By means of the pattern the sheet acquires greater flexibility in the engraved areas, providing a flexible shielding that adapts to surfaces with curves and allows the user or the protected element to move easily.
Descripción detallada de la invención Detailed description of the invention
Los dispositivos de protección contra impactos son elementos que se utilizan para preservar la integridad física de múltiples artefactos y usuarios, tales como vehículos militares o civiles, edificaciones y personas, entre otros, ante todo tipo de impactos, desde explosiones, impactos balísticos, accidentes automovilísticos o golpes recibidos en actividades deportivas. Dichos dispositivos de protección contra impactos se han caracterizado desde la antigüedad por ser piezas rígidas, que agregan peso al elemento o usuario protegido, especialmente si se busca repeler impactos de proyectiles o minas terrestres, lo cual requiere materiales de blindaje pesados y resistentes, como el acero. Así, al incrementarse el peso y la rigidez del dispositivo de protección contra impactos se restringe la maniobrabilidad y movimiento tanto de vehículos como de usuarios. Por tal motivo se busca diseñar un dispositivo de protección contra impactos que sea flexible, de bajo peso y que se adapte a superficies curvas, irregulares o en constante movimiento, entre otros requerimientos; con el fin de permitir que la persona o el elemento protegido pueda moverse con facilidad. Por ejemplo, dado el caso en el que el dispositivo de blindaje y protección contra impactos sea usado por una persona que deba tener libertad de movimiento para correr o caminar. The devices of protection against impacts are elements that are used to preserve the physical integrity of multiple devices and users, such as military or civil vehicles, buildings and people, among others, before all types of impacts, from explosions, ballistic impacts, car accidents or beatings received in sports activities. Said impact protection devices have been characterized since ancient times as being rigid pieces, which add weight to the element or protected user, especially if it is intended to repel projectile or landmine impacts, which requires heavy and resistant armoring materials, such as steel. Thus, by increasing the weight and stiffness of the impact protection device, the maneuverability and movement of both vehicles and users is restricted. For this reason it is sought to design a device for protection against impacts that is flexible, of low weight and that adapts to curved surfaces, irregular or in constant movement, among other requirements; in order to allow the protected person or item to move easily. For example, given the case where the Shielding and impact protection device is used by a person who should have freedom of movement to run or walk.
De acuerdo a lo anterior la presente invención corresponde a un dispositivo de protección contra impactos que comprende una lámina (1) de material compuesto con un módulo de elasticidad entre 0,8GPa y 250Gpa, que se conforma de fibras (2); y un patrón (3) grabado en la lámina (1). According to the above, the present invention corresponds to an impact protection device comprising a sheet (1) of composite material with a modulus of elasticity between 0.8GPa and 250Gpa, which is formed of fibers (2); and a pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1).
La presente invención es un dispositivo de protección contra impactos diseñado para ser utilizado en aplicaciones de choques, como impactos balísticos, impactos en actividades deportivas y demás. El dispositivo de protección contra impactos permite soportar cargas por impactos desde bajas velocidades (0 a 2 m/s) hasta impactos balísticos (del orden de 1500 m/s). La presente invención es aplicable en indumentaria de protección para el cuerpo humano, blindaje vehicular, aeronáutico, entre otros. The present invention is a device for protection against impacts designed to be used in crash applications, such as ballistic impacts, impacts on sports activities and others. The device of protection against impacts allows to support loads by impacts from low speeds (0 to 2 m / s) to ballistic impacts (of the order of 1500 m / s). The present invention is applicable in protective clothing for the human body, vehicular armoring, aeronautics, among others.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG.l y la FIG.2. se ilustra una modalidad del dispositivo de protección contra impactos que comprende una lámina (1) de material compuesto, la lámina (1) tiene un patrón (3) grabado en una de sus caras; donde el material compuesto tiene un módulo de elasticidad entre 0,8GPa y 250GPa y se conforma de fibras (2) dispuestas en una matriz. With reference to FIG.l and FIG.2. there is illustrated an embodiment of the impact protection device comprising a sheet (1) of composite material, the sheet (1) has a pattern (3) engraved on one of its faces; wherein the composite material has a modulus of elasticity between 0.8GPa and 250GPa and is formed of fibers (2) arranged in a matrix.
Dicho grabado forma figuras o teselaciones que cubren la totalidad o parte de una cara o ambas caras de la lámina (1). Para la comprensión de la presente invención se entenderá como teselación o teselado una regularidad de figuras que cubren completamente una porción o la totalidad de una superficie plana sin que queden espacios o se superpongan las figuras. Dicha teselación o teselado puede ser regular, semiregular o irregular, un teselado regular se conforma únicamente de triángulos equiláteros, cuadrados o hexágonos regulares. Por su parte un teselado semiregular contiene dos o más polígonos regulares en su formación y finalmente un teselado irregular Said engraving forms figures or tessellations covering all or part of one side or both sides of the sheet (1). For the understanding of the present invention, tiling or tessellation will be understood as a regularity of figures that completely cover a portion or all of a flat surface without spaces remaining or overlapping the figures. Said tiling or tessellation can be regular, semi-irregular or irregular, a regular tiling is formed only of equilateral triangles, squares or regular hexagons. On the other hand, a semiregular tessellation contains two or more regular polygons in its formation and finally an irregular tessellation
La lámina (1) comprende dos caras, una cara externa (6) la cual es la cara de impacto y una cara interna (7) que estaría enfrentada con la superficie del individuo u objeto a proteger. Preferiblemente el patrón (3) se encuentra sobre la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1), sin embargo, el patrón (3) también puede estar sobre la cara interna (7) o sobre ambas simultáneamente. The sheet (1) comprises two faces, an external face (6) which is the impact face and an internal face (7) that would be facing the surface of the individual or object to be protected. Preferably the pattern (3) is on the outer face (6) of the sheet (1), however, the pattern (3) can also be on the inner face (7) or both simultaneously.
Las figuras que forman el patrón (3) grabado en la lámina (1) pueden ser cualquier tipo de figura geométrica como líneas, círculos, elipses, polígonos e incluso una combinación de diferentes figuras geométricas. Uno de los fines del patrón (3) es otorgarle a la lámina (1) flexibilidad, permitiendo que esta se mueva o ajuste a superficies curvas o irregulares, conservando su habilidad para repeler impactos. Esto se logra debido a que al grabar el patrón (3) la lámina (1) se hace más flexible en las regiones donde se realizó el grabado o corte, mientras que las regiones sin grabado permanecen rígidas. Por lo tanto, se obtiene una lámina (1) flexible, a partir de la combinación de regiones rígidas separadas por su perímetro flexible. The figures forming the pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1) can be any type of geometric figure such as lines, circles, ellipses, polygons and even a combination of different geometric figures. One of the purposes of the pattern (3) is to give the sheet (1) flexibility, allowing it to move or adjust to curved or irregular surfaces, preserving its ability to repel impacts. This is achieved because when recording the pattern (3) the sheet (1) becomes more flexible in the regions where the engraving or cutting was made, while the regions without engraving remain rigid. Therefore, a flexible sheet (1) is obtained, from the combination of rigid regions separated by their flexible perimeter.
Uno de los efectos técnicos producto de la disposición de figuras geométricas como círculos, elipses o polígonos para formar el patrón (3) en el dispositivo de protección contra impactos es la distribución de la carga del impacto. Al ejercer una carga puntual o un impacto puntual sobre una de las figuras de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1), la carga se distribuye en el área total de la figura, reduciendo la concentración de esfuerzos en la cara interna (7) y en consecuencia reduciendo el posible daño sobre el objeto o individuo protegido. Por otro lado, al tener la lámina (1) múltiples figuras interconectadas por fibras (2), la carga o impacto ejercido en la cara externa (6) se distribuye no sólo sobre el área de la figura impactada, sino también sobre las figuras adyacentes o sobre la totalidad de la lámina (1), disipando sobre una mayor área la energía de la carga o del impacto, reduciendo significativamente el daño en la cara interna (7) de la lámina (1). One of the technical effects produced by the arrangement of geometric figures such as circles, ellipses or polygons to form the pattern (3) in the impact protection device is the distribution of the impact load. By exerting a point load or a punctual impact on one of the figures of the external face (6) of the sheet (1), the load is distributed in the total area of the figure, reducing the concentration of stresses in the internal face ( 7) and consequently reducing the possible damage to the object or protected individual. On the other hand, when the sheet (1) has multiple figures interconnected by fibers (2), the load or impact exerted on the external face (6) is distributed not only over the area of the impacted figure, but also over the adjacent figures or on the whole of the sheet (1), dissipating over a larger area the energy of the load or of the impact, significantly reducing the damage on the internal face (7) of the sheet (1).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG.2, la lámina (1) del dispositivo de protección contra impactos se conforma por una primera capa (4) y una segunda capa (5), las cuales se encuentran compuestas por fibras (2), que pueden ser tejidas o no tejidas. Para la comprensión de la presente invención se entenderá como fibras (2) tejidas cuando las fibras (2) se encuentran entrelazadas por medio de trama y urdimbre y como fibras (2) no tejidas cuando las fibras se encuentran en igual o diferente dirección y están unidas unas con otras por medio de otros métodos mecánicos, químicos o de temperatura. La primera capa (4) y la segunda capa (5) se encuentran una sobre la otra y la dirección de orientación de las fibras (2) varía entre 0o y 90° entre capa y capa. With reference to FIG. 2, the sheet (1) of the impact protection device is formed by a first layer (4) and a second layer (5), which are composed of fibers (2), which can be woven or non-woven. For the understanding of the present invention it will be understood as fibers (2) woven when the fibers (2) are interlaced by means of weft and warp and as fibers (2) non-woven when the fibers are in the same or different direction and are united with each other by means of other mechanical, chemical or temperature methods. The the first layer (4) and the second layer (5) lying one on the other and the orientation direction of the fibers (2) varies between 0 and 90 ° or between layers.
La matriz es un material de carácter continuo y transmite los esfuerzos a las fibras (2) que se encuentran en contacto con dicha matriz. Preferiblemente la matriz es polimérica. The matrix is a material of continuous character and transmits the efforts to the fibers (2) that are in contact with said matrix. Preferably the matrix is polymeric.
La lámina (1) puede conformarse por más de dos capas, las cuales preferiblemente tienen una dirección de orientación entre las fibras (2) de cada capa de 60°; de esta forma se obtiene un material isotrópico, es decir, un material con propiedades mecánicas homogéneas en todas las direcciones. The sheet (1) can be formed by more than two layers, which preferably have a direction of orientation between the fibers (2) of each layer of 60 °; In this way, an isotropic material is obtained, that is, a material with homogeneous mechanical properties in all directions.
A través de las fibras (2) se distribuyen las cargas y esfuerzos generados por los impactos sobre la totalidad de la lámina (1). De acuerdo a esto una lámina (1) conformada por dos o más capas con fibras (2) dispuestas en diferente dirección entre capa y capa, distribuirá las cargas y esfuerzos generados por un impacto, de manera más homogénea a lo largo del área de dicha lámina (1), que una lámina (1) conformada por una sola capa. Through the fibers (2), the loads and stresses generated by the impacts on the entire sheet (1) are distributed. According to this, a sheet (1) formed by two or more layers with fibers (2) arranged in a different direction between layer and layer, will distribute the loads and stresses generated by an impact, in a more homogeneous manner along the area of said layer. sheet (1), which a sheet (1) formed by a single layer.
Las capas de fibras (2) se aglomeran una sobre la otra por medio de presión, temperatura, adhesivos, elementos equivalentes que sean conocidos por una persona medianamente versada en la materia o combinaciones de los anteriores. The layers of fibers (2) are agglomerated one on top of the other by means of pressure, temperature, adhesives, equivalent elements that are known to a person of ordinary skill in the art or combinations of the above.
La lamina (1) puede presentar entre capa y capa deposiciones de materiales cerámicos, metálicos, o cualquier material con un módulo de elasticidad diferente al del material de la lámina (1). Estas deposiciones pueden hacerse entre capa y capa o solamente en la cara externa (6) de la capa exterior. Estas deposiciones logran un incremento localizado de la rigidez (módulo de elasticidad) de las fibras (2), haciendo que el objeto que impacte la lámina (1) se deforme o fracture, logrando una mayor disipación de energía y finalmente reduciendo el efecto del impacto sobre la cara interna (7) de la lámina (1). Por otro lado, el patrón (3) de la lámina (1) puede grabarse por medio de cortes o remoción de material. Para esto se puede emplear cualquier tipo de método como barrenado, taladrado, fresado, cepillado, aserrado, limado, remoción o corte por medio de láser, medios químicos, medios electroquímicos, medio de electrodescarga, jet de agua, plasma, métodos equivalentes que sean conocidos por una persona medianamente versada en la materia o combinaciones de los anteriores. Además, dicho corte puede ser pasante o no pasante, y discontinuo o continuo. Para la comprensión de la presente invención se entenderá como corte no pasante, aquel que atraviesa una sección de la lámina (1) sin traspasar la superficie opuesta a donde se inició la perforación; y como corte pasante aquel que atraviesa todas las capas de la lámina (1). Además, se entenderá como corte continuo cuando el patrón (3) grabado dibuja una línea ininterrumpida sobre el perímetro de la figura geométrica que conforma el patrón (3) y como corte discontinuo cuando el patrón (3) grabado dibuja líneas interrumpidas sobre el perímetro de la figura geométrica que forma el patrón (3). The sheet (1) can present between layer and layer depositions of ceramic materials, metal, or any material with a modulus of elasticity different from the material of the sheet (1). These depositions can be made between layer and layer or only on the external face (6) of the outer layer. These depositions achieve a localized increase in the rigidity (modulus of elasticity) of the fibers (2), causing the object that impacts the sheet (1) to deform or fracture, achieving a greater dissipation of energy and finally reducing the impact effect on the inner face (7) of the sheet (1). On the other hand, the pattern (3) of the sheet (1) can be recorded by means of cuts or removal of material. For this you can use any type of method such as drilling, drilling, milling, brushing, sawing, filing, removal or cutting by means of laser, chemical means, electrochemical means, electro-discharge medium, water jet, plasma, equivalent methods that are known to a person moderately versed in the subject or combinations of the above. In addition, said cut may be through or not, and discontinuous or continuous. For the understanding of the present invention it will be understood as a non-through cut, that which passes through a section of the sheet (1) without crossing the surface opposite to where the perforation was started; and as a through cut that crosses all the layers of the sheet (1). Furthermore, continuous cutting will be understood when the engraved pattern (3) draws an uninterrupted line on the perimeter of the geometric figure that forms the pattern (3) and as a discontinuous cut when the engraved pattern (3) draws interrupted lines on the perimeter of the pattern. the geometric figure that forms the pattern (3).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG.3, la lámina (1) del dispositivo de protección contra impactos puede tener diferentes tipos de patrones (3). Dichos patrones (3) se graban por medio de cortes en relieve no pasantes. Estos patrones (3) son figuras cerradas que se repiten en toda la pieza. Dichas figuras pueden ser cualquier tipo de polígono como rectángulos, cuadrados, rombos o triángulos; círculos o combinaciones entre diversas figuras geométricas, como los ejemplos que se describen a continuación: -un patrón (3 Al) que forma hexágonos regulares sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3A1) es de corte no pasante y continuo. With reference to FIG. 3, the sheet (1) of the impact protection device can have different types of patterns (3). Said patterns (3) are engraved by means of non-through relief cuts. These patterns (3) are closed figures that are repeated throughout the piece. These figures can be any type of polygon such as rectangles, squares, rhombuses or triangles; circles or combinations between various geometric figures, as the examples described below: a pattern (3 Al) that forms regular hexagons on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3A1) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
-un patrón (3A2) que forma hexágonos irregulares sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3A2) es de corte no pasante y continuo. - a pattern (3A2) that forms irregular hexagons on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3A2) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
-un patrón (3A3) que forma líneas horizontales sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3A3) es de corte no pasante y continuo. -un patrón (3 A4) que forma cuadrados sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3A4) es de corte no pasante y continuo. -un patrón (3A5) que forma triángulos isósceles sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3A5) es de corte no pasante y continuo. - a pattern (3A3) that forms horizontal lines on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3A3) is non-continuous and continuous cutting. - a pattern (3 A4) that forms squares on the whole of the external face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3A4) is non-continuous and continuous cutting. - a pattern (3A5) that forms isosceles triangles on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3A5) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
-un patrón (3A6) que forma círculos que se intersectan, sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3A6) es de corte no pasante y continuo. - a pattern (3A6) that forms intersecting circles on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3A6) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
-un patrón (3A7) que forma cuadrados y pentágonos sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado, donde en el centro de la lámina (1) se forman polígonos irregulares. El patrón (3A7) es de corte no pasante y continuo. - a pattern (3A7) that forms squares and pentagons on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation, where in the center of the sheet (1) irregular polygons are formed. The pattern (3A7) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
-un patrón (3A8) que forma cuadrados y triángulos sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado, donde en el centro y en los extremos de la lámina (1) se forman polígonos irregulares de cuatro y cinco lados. El patrón (3A8) es de corte no pasante y continuo. - a pattern (3A8) that forms squares and triangles on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation, where in the center and at the ends of the sheet (1) irregular polygons are formed four and five sides. The pattern (3A8) is non-continuous and continuous.
-un patrón (3A9) que forma polígonos de diez lados, que forman una figura similar a una "w" invertida sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3A9) es de corte no pasante y continuo . - a pattern (3A9) that forms polygons of ten sides, which form a figure similar to an "w" inverted on the entire external face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3A9) is non-continuous and continuous cutting.
-un patrón (3A10) de grabado que forma polígonos de seis lados, que forman una figura similar a una "v" invertida sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3 A 10) es de corte no pasante y continuo. Haciendo referencia a la FIG.4, la lámina (1) del dispositivo de protección contra impactos puede tener diferentes tipos de patrones (3). Dichos patrones (3) se graban por medio de cortes pasantes. Estos patrones (3) se repiten en toda la pieza y siguen el perímetro de figuras geométricas que pueden ser polígonos (como rectángulos, cuadrados, rombos o triángulos); círculos o combinaciones entre diversas figuras geométricas, como las que se describen a continuación: - an engraving pattern (3A10) forming six-sided polygons, which form a figure similar to an inverted "v" over the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3 A 10) is non-continuous and continuous cutting. With reference to FIG. 4, the sheet (1) of the impact protection device can have different types of patterns (3). Said patterns (3) are recorded by means of through cuts. These patterns (3) are repeated throughout the piece and follow the perimeter of geometric figures that can be polygons (such as rectangles, squares, rhombuses or triangles); circles or combinations between various geometric figures, such as those described below:
-un patrón (3B 1) que forma hexágonos regulares sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3B 1) es de corte pasante y discontinuo. -un patrón (3B2) que forma hexágonos irregulares sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3B2) es de corte pasante y discontinuo. - a pattern (3B 1) that forms regular hexagons on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3B 1) is through-cut and discontinuous. - a pattern (3B2) that forms irregular hexagons on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3B2) is cut and discontinuous.
-un patrón (3B3) que forma líneas horizontales sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3B3) es de corte pasante y discontinuo. - a pattern (3B3) that forms horizontal lines on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3B3) is through-cut and discontinuous.
-un patrón (3B4) que forma cuadrados sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3B4) es de corte pasante y discontinuo. - a pattern (3B4) that forms squares on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3B4) is through-cut and discontinuous.
-un patrón (3B5) que forma triángulos isósceles sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3B5) es de corte pasante y discontinuo. -un patrón (3B6) que forma círculos que se intersectan, sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3B6) es de corte pasante y discontinuo. - a pattern (3B5) that forms isosceles triangles on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3B5) is through-cut and discontinuous. - a pattern (3B6) that forms intersecting circles on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3B6) is through-cut and discontinuous.
-un patrón (3B7) que forma cuadrados y pentágonos sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado, donde en el centro de la lámina (1) se forman polígonos irregulares. El patrón (3B7) es de corte pasante y discontinuo. - a pattern (3B7) that forms squares and pentagons on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation, where in the center of the sheet (1) irregular polygons are formed. The pattern (3B7) is through-cut and discontinuous.
-un patrón (3B8) que forma cuadrados y triángulos sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado, donde en el centro y en los extremos de la lámina (1) se forman polígonos irregulares de cuatro y cinco lados. El patrón (3B8) es de corte pasante y discontinuo. - a pattern (3B8) that forms squares and triangles on the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation, where in the center and at the ends of the sheet (1) irregular polygons of four and five sides. The pattern (3B8) is through-cut and discontinuous.
-un patrón (3B9) que forma polígonos de diez lados, que forman una figura similar a una "w" invertida sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3B9) es de corte pasante y discontinuo . - a pattern (3B9) that forms polygons of ten sides, which form a figure similar to an "w" inverted on the whole of the external face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3B9) is through-cut and discontinuous.
-un patrón (3B 10) de grabado que forma polígonos de seis lados, que forman una figura similar a una "v" invertida sobre la totalidad de la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1) formando un teselado. El patrón (3B 10) es de corte pasante y discontinuo. Haciendo referencia a la FIG.5, el patrón (3) grabado en la lámina (1) es de corte pasante y discontinuo. Estos cortes siguen tramos o segmentos del perímetro de una teselación, estos cortes pueden estar ubicados en los vértices de las figuras geométricas que describe el grabado, en los lados de las figuras geométricas que describe el grabado, sin tocar los vértices de dichas figuras, o puede haber una combinación de ambas. - an engraving pattern (3B 10) forming six-sided polygons, which form a figure similar to an inverted "v" over the entire outer face (6) of the sheet (1) forming a tessellation. The pattern (3B 10) is through-cut and discontinuous. With reference to FIG. 5, the pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1) is of a continuous and discontinuous cut. These cuts follow sections or segments of the perimeter of a tessellation, these cuts can be located in the vertices of the geometric figures described by the engraving, on the sides of the geometric figures described by the engraving, without touching the vertices of said figures, or There may be a combination of both.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG.6, la lámina (1) tiene un patrón (3) que cubre una parcialidad de la superficie de la lámina (1), este patrón puede cubrir entre el 0,1% y 100% de la superficie de la lámina, puede cubrir el 100% de la superficie o no cubrir el 100% de la superficie. La parte no cubierta por el patrón (3) es más resistente pero más rígida y la parte cubierta por el patrón (3) es menos resistente pero más flexible. Al tener una combinación de secciones de lámina (1) con patrón (3) y sin patrón (3) se posibilita mayor flexibilidad de la lámina (1) en ciertos puntos y mayor resistencia en otras áreas. Referring to FIG. 6, the sheet (1) has a pattern (3) that covers a partiality of the surface of the sheet (1), this pattern can cover between 0.1% and 100% of the surface of the sheet (1). the sheet, can cover 100% of the surface or not cover 100% of the surface. The part not covered by the pattern (3) is more resistant but more rigid and the part covered by the pattern (3) is less resistant but more flexible. Having a combination of sections of sheet (1) with pattern (3) and without pattern (3) allows greater flexibility of the sheet (1) in certain points and greater strength in other areas.
Haciendo referencia nuevamente a la FIG.6, es posible que la lámina (1) tenga diferentes composiciones de materiales en secciones parciales del área superficial de la lámina, debido a recubrimientos. Por otro lado, a lo largo de la sección transversal de la lámina (1) puede haber diferentes composiciones, debido al uso de recubrimientos en las zonas con patrón (3) o en las zonas sin patrón (3) entre capa y capa. La lámina (1) puede tener un recubrimiento metálico o cerámico para aumentar la rigidez en la zona donde se graba el patrón (3). El recubrimiento aumenta la rigidez dentro de las figuras y simultáneamente los cortes aumentan la flexibilidad general de la lámina (1). Haciendo referencia a la FIG.7, se tienen dos láminas (1) grabadas superpuestas, donde el patrón (3) de la primera lámina (1) es diferente al patrón (3) de la segunda lámina (1). El efecto técnico que se obtiene al usar más de una lámina (1) es el aumento de resistencia. En caso de recibir un impacto directo sobre uno de los cortes que forman el patrón (3) de la cara exterior (6) de la primera lámina (1), que son menos resistentes en comparación con el área de las figuras del patrón (3), la segunda lámina (1) inmediatamente contigua ayudará a soportar el impacto recibido por la cara exterior (6) de la primera lámina (1), funcionando como una segunda capa protectora ante el impacto. En el caso de que se usen dos láminas (1) estas pueden tener el mismo patrón (3) con un desfase entre los patrones (3) de cada lámina. También pueden usarse dos láminas (1) del mismo patrón (3) con diferentes tipos de cortes, pasantes y no pasantes, continuos y discontinuos; o laminas (1) con diferentes patrones (3) y diferentes tipos de corte, pasantes y no pasantes y continuos o discontinuos. Referring again to FIG. 6, it is possible that the sheet (1) has different compositions of materials in partial sections of the surface area of the sheet, due to coatings. On the other hand, along the cross section of the sheet (1) there may be different compositions, due to the use of coatings in the areas with pattern (3) or in the areas without pattern (3) between layer and layer. The sheet (1) may have a metallic or ceramic coating to increase the stiffness in the area where the pattern (3) is recorded. The coating increases the rigidity within the figures and simultaneously the cuts increase the overall flexibility of the sheet (1). Referring to FIG. 7, there are two sheets (1) engraved superimposed, where the pattern (3) of the first sheet (1) is different from the pattern (3) of the second sheet (1). The technical effect obtained by using more than one sheet (1) is the increase in strength. In case of receiving a direct impact on one of the cuts forming the pattern (3) of the outer face (6) of the first sheet (1), which are less resistant compared to the area of the pattern figures (3) ), the immediately adjacent second sheet (1) will help support the impact received by the outer face (6) of the first sheet (1), functioning as a second protective layer against impact. In case two sheets (1) are used they can have the same pattern (3) with a lag between the patterns (3) of each sheet. Two sheets (1) of the same pattern (3) can also be used with different types of cuts, through and through, continuous and discontinuous; or sheets (1) with different patterns (3) and different types of cut, through and not through and continuous or discontinuous.
Haciendo referencia nuevamente a la FIG.7, dado el caso en que se reciba un impacto en la cara externa (6) con dirección a la cara interna (7) de la lámina (1), el diseño de la lámina (1) impide que penetre dicho impacto, sea balístico o de menor velocidad. Sin embargo, dado el caso en que se produzca un impacto en la cara interna (7) con dirección a la cara externa (6) de la lámina (1), el diseño de la lámina (1) permite que el impacto atraviese el dispositivo de protección contra impactos, con el fin de que el usuario que está cubierto por este, pueda defenderse desde su interior. Estos efectos técnicos se obtienen al grabar diferentes tipos de patrones (3) en las láminas (1) y adicionalmente al combinarse y ordenarse estas en el dispositivo de protección contra impactos, se logra una distribución de fuerza que puede ser diferente, si se desea, en cada cara de la lámina (1) y del dispositivo de protección contra impactos. Referring again to FIG. 7, in the event that an impact is received on the external face (6) facing the internal face (7) of the sheet (1), the design of the sheet (1) prevents that this impact penetrates, be it ballistic or slower. However, in the event that an impact occurs on the inner face (7) towards the outer face (6) of the sheet (1), the design of the sheet (1) allows the impact to pass through the device of protection against impacts, in order that the user who is covered by this, can defend himself from inside. These technical effects are obtained by recording different types of patterns (3) in the sheets (1) and additionally when combined and ordered in the impact protection device, a distribution of force is achieved which can be different, if desired, on each face of the sheet (1) and of the impact protection device.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG.8, el corte por medio del cual se realiza el grabado del patrón (3) puede tener diferentes perfiles mediante diferentes procesos de manufactura como el corte o desplazamiento de fibras, como el corte láser, corte por chorro de agua, repujado, troquelado o estampación, entre otros. Adicionalmente dicho corte puede tener un ángulo (a) de canal de grabado del patrón (3) respecto a la superficie de la lámina (1), que está entre Io y 179°. A continuación, se describen algunos de estos tipos de corte: With reference to FIG. 8, the cut by means of which the pattern (3) is engraved can have different profiles through different manufacturing processes such as fiber cutting or displacement, such as laser cutting, water jet cutting. , embossing, stamping or stamping, among others. Additionally said cut may have an engraving channel angle (a) of the pattern (3) with respect to the surface of the sheet (1), which is between I o and 179 °. Here are some of these types of cut:
- un corte (8a) con bordes rectos, que penetra ortogonalmente la lámina (1), sin atravesarla completamente. - a cut (8a) with straight edges, which penetrates orthogonally the sheet (1), without crossing it completely.
- un corte (8b) con bordes rectos, que penetra ortogonalmente la lámina (1), atravesándola completamente. - a cut (8b) with straight edges, which penetrates orthogonally the sheet (1), crossing it completely.
- un corte (8c) con bordes rectos, que penetra la lámina (1) sin atravesarla completamente y que crea un ángulo (a) respecto a la superficie de dicha lámina (1). - un corte (8d) con bordes rectos, que penetra la lámina (1) atravesándola completamente y que crea un ángulo (a) respecto a la superficie de dicha lámina (1). - a cut (8c) with straight edges, which penetrates the sheet (1) without crossing it completely and which creates an angle (a) with respect to the surface of said sheet (1). - a cut (8d) with straight edges, which penetrates the sheet (1) through it completely and which creates an angle (a) with respect to the surface of said sheet (1).
- un corte (8e) con bordes redondeados, que penetra ortogonalmente la lámina (1), sin atravesarla completamente. - a cut (8e) with rounded edges, which penetrates orthogonally the sheet (1), without crossing it completely.
- un corte (8f) con bordes redondeados, que penetra ortogonalmente la lámina (1), atravesándola completamente. - un corte (no ilustrado) con bordes redondeados, que penetra la lámina (1), atravesándola completamente y que crea un ángulo (a) respecto a la superficie de dicha lámina (1). - a cut (8f) with rounded edges, which penetrates orthogonally the sheet (1), crossing it completely. - a cut (not shown) with rounded edges, which penetrates the sheet (1), crossing it completely and creating an angle (a) with respect to the surface of said sheet (1).
- un corte (no ilustrado) con bordes redondeados, que penetra la lámina (1), sin atravesarla completamente y que crea un ángulo (a) respecto a la superficie de dicha lámina (1). - a cut (not illustrated) with rounded edges, which penetrates the sheet (1), without crossing it completely and which creates an angle (a) with respect to the surface of said sheet (1).
Haciendo referencia a la FIG.9, en realizaciones particulares de la presente invención se fabricaron laminas (1) para pruebas, con fibras de UHMWPE (polietileno de ultra alto peso molecular por sus siglas en inglés), no tejidas y grabadas por corte láser, las cuales presentan un módulo de Young entre 0,9GPa a IGPa . Para la comprensión de la presente invención, las láminas (1) para pruebas en adelante se llamarán probetas. Las probetas se fabricaron en parejas, donde cada pareja tiene el mismo patrón (3), pero diferente orientación de patrón (3), rotando 90° entre la pareja. A continuación, se describen algunas de dichas parejas de probetas: En la probeta D16V se tiene un patrón (3) de hexágonos irregulares (esbeltos) en el sentido vertical de la probeta, en cambio en la probeta DI 6H se tiene el mismo patrón (3) de hexágonos pero orientados en la dirección horizontal. La probeta D16V tiene mayor flexibilidad en el eje horizontal y la probeta D16H es más flexible en el eje vertical, mientras que en las probetas D17V y D17H, donde el patrón (3) presenta hexágonos regulares, la flexibilidad es similar en ambos sentidos. Referring to FIG.9, in particular embodiments of the present invention, laminates (1) were fabricated for testing, with UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) fibers, non-woven and laser-cut, which present a Young's modulus between 0.9GPa to IGPa. For the understanding of the present invention, the sheets (1) for tests in the future will be called test pieces. The specimens were made in pairs, where each pair has the same pattern (3), but different pattern orientation (3), rotating 90 ° between the pair. Some of these pairs of specimens are described below: In specimen D16V, there is a pattern (3) of irregular hexagons (slender) in the vertical direction of the specimen, whereas in specimen DI 6H the same pattern is observed ( 3) of hexagons but oriented in the horizontal direction. The specimen D16V has greater flexibility in the horizontal axis and the specimen D16H is more flexible in the vertical axis, while in the specimens D17V and D17H, where the pattern (3) presents regular hexagons, the flexibility is similar in both directions.
Las probetas D19V y D19H presentan un patrón (3) de hexágonos regulares grabado con cortes pasantes y discontinuos, donde los cortes únicamente están ubicados en las secciones de los vértices de los hexágonos. Por su parte las probetas D20V y D20H, tienen un patrón (3) también formado por hexágonos irregulares, está grabado por medio de cortes pasantes y discontinuos que se realizan en la sección central de los lados de los hexágonos y no en los vértices. Las probetas D19V, D19H, D20V y D20H tienen una flexibilidad similar a la de las probetas D17V y D17H. The specimens D19V and D19H present a pattern (3) of regular hexagons engraved with through and discontinuous cuts, where the cuts are only located in the sections of the vertices of the hexagons. For its part, the specimens D20V and D20H, they have a pattern (3) also formed by irregular hexagons, it is recorded by means of intermittent and discontinuous cuts that are made in the central section of the sides of the hexagons and not in the vertices. The specimens D19V, D19H, D20V and D20H have a flexibility similar to that of test pieces D17V and D17H.
Las probetas como la D13V, D13H, D21V y D21H tienen un patrón (3) de líneas paralelas y cuadricula respectivamente, que presentan flexibilidades diferentes de acuerdo a su orientación. Las probetas D14V y D14H presentan un patrón (3) de hexágonos irregulares grabado con cortes pasantes y discontinuos, donde los cortes únicamente están ubicados en las secciones de los vértices de los hexágonos. Por su parte las probetas D15V y D15H, tienen un patrón (3) también formado por hexágonos irregulares, está grabado por medio de cortes pasantes y discontinuos que se realizan en la sección central de los lados de los hexágonos y no en los vértices. Las probetas D14V, D14H, D15V y D15H tienen una flexibilidad similar a la de las probetas D16V y D16H en su respectiva orientación. The specimens such as D13V, D13H, D21V and D21H have a pattern (3) of parallel lines and grid respectively, which have different flexibilities according to their orientation. The specimens D14V and D14H have a pattern (3) of irregular hexagons engraved with through and discontinuous cuts, where the cuts are only located in the sections of the vertices of the hexagons. On the other hand, the specimens D15V and D15H, have a pattern (3) also formed by irregular hexagons, is engraved by means of intermittent and discontinuous cuts that are made in the central section of the sides of the hexagons and not in the vertices. The specimens D14V, D14H, D15V and D15H have a flexibility similar to that of test pieces D16V and D16H in their respective orientation.
Las probetas D18V y D18H presentan un patrón (3) que describe triángulos equiláteros dispuestos en una matriz de teselado que cubre la totalidad de la superficie, igual que el grupo D16V y D16H se encuentran orientadas en direcciones distintas. Se hicieron las probetas orientadas en direcciones diferentes ya que se planteó una hipótesis donde se estableció que según la orientación de los grabados de corte se obtendría una mayor flexibilidad en el eje vertical o en el eje horizontal. Haciendo referencia a la FIG.9, las diferentes probetas fueron sometidas a 2 tipos de pruebas diferentes: una prueba de flexión a tres puntos y una prueba de impacto dinámico. Las probetas para la prueba de flexión son rectangulares, de 120mm de longitud y 50mm de ancho, y las probetas de impacto dinámico son probetas circulares de 100 mm de diámetro. El espesor de todas las probetas es de aproximadamente 2mm. The specimens D18V and D18H have a pattern (3) that describes equilateral triangles arranged in a tessellation matrix that covers the entire surface, just as group D16V and D16H are oriented in different directions. The test pieces were oriented in different directions since a hypothesis was established where it was established that according to the orientation of the cutting engravings a greater flexibility would be obtained in the vertical axis or in the horizontal axis. Referring to FIG. 9, the different specimens were subjected to 2 different types of tests: a three-point bending test and a dynamic impact test. The test specimens for the flexural test are rectangular, 120mm long and 50mm wide, and the dynamic impact test specimens are circular specimens of 100 mm diameter. The thickness of all the specimens is approximately 2mm.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG.10, se realizó una prueba de flexión a tres puntos, donde las probetas rectangulares se apoyan cerca a los extremos de su lado más largo por su cara interna (7), y son sometidas a una carga constante en el centro de la probeta por la cara externa (6). Esta prueba permite conocer valores de carga, energía y deflexión de la probeta y por tanto se puede calcular la rigidez y el módulo de Young al conocer la geometría de las probetas. Estos valores pueden ser tabulados o graficados en un plano cartesiano. Esta información se relaciona directamente con la flexibilidad que tiene cada probeta en particular y permite conocer dentro de las parejas de probetas cuál orientación de patrón (3) de grabado permite más flexibilidad. Entendiendo como mayor flexibilidad un atributo positivo para la invención. Referring to FIG. 10, a three-point bending test was performed, where the rectangular specimens are supported near the ends of their longer side by their internal face (7), and are subjected to a constant load in the center of the specimen on the external face (6). This test allows to know values of load, energy and deflection of the test tube and therefore the stiffness and the Young's modulus can be calculated by knowing the geometry of the specimens. These values can be tabulated or plotted on a Cartesian plane. This information is directly related to the flexibility that each particular specimen has and allows to know within the pairs of specimens which pattern orientation (3) of engraving allows more flexibility. Understanding as greater flexibility a positive attribute for the invention.
Haciendo referencia a la FIG. l l, se realizó una prueba de impacto dinámico, donde las probetas circulares son fijadas por su perímetro y son impactadas a una velocidad determinada por un elemento de impacto sobre su cara externa (6). Esta prueba permite conocer valores de carga, energía y deflexión, resultando especialmente importante los valores de energía que puede soportar cada una de las probetas. Los valores obtenidos por la prueba pueden ser tabulados o graficados en un plano cartesiano. Haciendo referencia a la FIG.12. se elaboró un plano cartesiano donde se resumen los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas de flexión a tres puntos y de impacto dinámico. En dicho plano cartesiano se describe cuál es la energía absorbida durante la prueba de impacto y cuál es la flexibilidad calculada a partir de la prueba de flexión como el inverso de la rigidez a partir de la prueba de flexión a tres puntos. En el eje vertical se ubica la cantidad de energía absorbida por cada probeta sometida al impacto, cuyas unidades están expresadas en Jules (J), y en el eje horizontal se muestra el valor de la flexibilidad, de tal manera que las probetas que obtienen valores mayores en el sentido positivo de cada uno de los ejes, son las que presentan mejores atributos mecánicos en cuanto a los requerimientos de esta invención. Según los resultados de dichas pruebas y su relación, las probetas se dividieron en cuatro grupos los cuales se describen a continuación: With reference to FIG. l l, a dynamic impact test was carried out, where the circular specimens are fixed by their perimeter and are impacted at a speed determined by an impact element on their external face (6). This test allows to know values of load, energy and deflection, being especially important the values of energy that can support each one of the test pieces. The values obtained by the test can be tabulated or plotted on a Cartesian plane. Referring to FIG.12. a Cartesian plan was elaborated which summarizes the results obtained in the tests of flexion at three points and dynamic impact. In this Cartesian plane it is described what is the energy absorbed during the impact test and what is the flexibility calculated from the bending test as the inverse of the stiffness from the three point bending test. In the vertical axis is located the amount of energy absorbed by each specimen subjected to the impact, whose units are expressed in Jules (J), and in the horizontal axis the value of the flexibility is shown, in such a way that the specimens that obtain values greater in the positive sense of each of the axes, are those that present better mechanical attributes in terms of the requirements of this invention. According to the results of these tests and their relationship, the specimens were divided into four groups which are described below:
El grupo de control (8) está compuesto por las probetas de control, estas no se encuentran ilustradas y sus dimensiones son iguales a las de las probetas ilustradas y descritas, sin embargo, no tienen ningún patrón (3) grabado. Según los resultados de las pruebas, las probetas de control son las que tienen menor flexibilidad, pero presentan la mayor cantidad de energía absorbida. The control group (8) is composed of the control specimens, these are not illustrated and their dimensions are equal to those of the specimens illustrated and described, however, they have no pattern (3) recorded. According to the results of the tests, the control specimens are those that have less flexibility, but have the greatest amount of energy absorbed.
El grupo de cuadrados y triángulos (9) está compuesto por las probetas D13V, D13H, D18V, D18H, D21V y D21H. Los patrones (3) de estas probetas aumentan reducidamente la flexibilidad de la probeta, en algunos casos al doble del valor de la flexibilidad de las probetas del grupo de control (8), sin embargo, hay una disminución significativa en la energía absorbida por las probetas. El grupo de hexágonos irregulares (10) está compuesto por las probetas D14V, D14H, D15V, D15H, D16V y D16H. Este grupo de probetas son superiores en flexibilidad comparadas con el grupo de control (8) y el grupo de cuadros y triángulos (9), pero hay una reducción significativa de la energía absorbida. El grupo de hexágonos regulares (11) está compuesto por las probetas D17V, D17H, D19V, D19H, D20V y D20H. En comparación con el grupo de control (8) hay una disminución de cerca del 10% en la energía absorbida por las probetas, pero hay un incremento del 360% en la flexibilidad, lo cual está directamente relacionado con la flexibilidad. Esta es la razón por la que este último grupo es la geometría más destacada para ser utilizada en la invención. The group of squares and triangles (9) is composed of test pieces D13V, D13H, D18V, D18H, D21V and D21H. The patterns (3) of these specimens increase The flexibility of the specimen is reduced, in some cases to twice the value of the flexibility of the specimens of the control group (8), however, there is a significant decrease in the energy absorbed by the specimens. The group of irregular hexagons (10) is composed of test pieces D14V, D14H, D15V, D15H, D16V and D16H. This group of specimens are superior in flexibility compared to the control group (8) and the group of squares and triangles (9), but there is a significant reduction in the energy absorbed. The group of regular hexagons (11) consists of test pieces D17V, D17H, D19V, D19H, D20V and D20H. In comparison with the control group (8) there is a decrease of about 10% in the energy absorbed by the test pieces, but there is a 360% increase in flexibility, which is directly related to flexibility. This is the reason why this last group is the most outstanding geometry to be used in the invention.
Ejemplo 1 Haciendo referencia a la FIG.13, se fabricó una lámina (1) de 30cm por 30cm, compuesta de 12 hojas de material compuesto, donde cada hoja se compuso de 4 capas de fibras unidireccionales de polietileno de ultra alto peso molecular (UHMWPE por sus siglas en inglés), consolidadas entre sí por una matriz de caucho natural a través de un proceso de prensado (presión: 2700psi y temperatura: 125°C). Se obtuvo una lámina de cerca de 2,4 mm de espesor. El ángulo formado entre las fibras fue de 90° entre capa y capa. Example 1 Referring to FIG.13, a 30cm by 30cm sheet (1) was made, composed of 12 sheets of composite material, where each sheet was composed of 4 layers of ultra high molecular weight unidirectional polyethylene fibers (UHMWPE) by its abbreviations in English), consolidated among themselves by a matrix of natural rubber through a pressing process (pressure: 2700psi and temperature: 125 ° C). A sheet about 2.4 mm thick was obtained. The angle formed between the fibers was 90 ° between layer and layer.
A dicha lámina (1) se le grabó un patrón (3) por medio de un corte no pasante y continuo que se realizó con una cortadora láser, logrando un corte de profundidad aproximada de un tercio de la profundidad de la lámina. La geometría descrita por el corte fue un patrón (3) de hexágonos regulares parametrizados por un lado de 2cm y el ángulo (a) del perfil del corte fue aproximadamente de 90° con respecto a la cara externa (6) de la lámina. Ejemplo 2 To said sheet (1) a pattern (3) was engraved by means of a non-continuous and continuous cut that was made with a laser cutter, achieving a depth cut of approximately one third of the depth of the sheet. The geometry described by the cut was a pattern (3) of regular hexagons parameterized on one side of 2cm and the angle (a) of the cut profile was approximately 90 ° with respect to the external face (6) of the sheet. Example 2
Haciendo referencia a la FIG.14, se fabricó una plantilla (13) para protección contra detonación de minas antipersonales, que se compuso de una lámina (1) conformada de igual manera que la descrita en el ejemplo 1 con un patrón (3) que describe líneas paralelas, perpendiculares a la longitud mayor de la plantilla, y ubicado en la zona bajo los dedos de los pies, para mejorar la flexibilidad de la lámina (1) en esa área. Además de la lámina descrita, la plantilla tiene hacia su cara interna una capa extra de cuero recuperado, el cual fue adherido la lámina (1) durante el prensado. A la capa de cuero recuperado se le unió, a través de su periferia y por medio de costuras de hilo de poliamida junto con adhesivos de caucho natural, dos hojas laterales a cada uno de los lados, compuestas por dos capas de fibras unidireccionales de UHMWPE no prensadas, estas hojas se diseñaron para cubrir los lados de los pies, formando una zapatilla (12). La plantilla (13) puede ser usada dentro de un zapato o bota de uso civil, así como dentro de una bota militar. Referring to FIG.14, a jig (13) for protection against detonation of antipersonnel mines was made, which was composed of a sheet (1) shaped in the same way as that described in example 1 with a pattern (3) that describes parallel lines, perpendicular to the greater length of the template, and located in the area under the toes, to improve the flexibility of the sheet (1) in that area. In addition to the described sheet, the insole has towards its internal face an extra layer of recovered leather, which was attached to the sheet (1) during the pressing. To the recovered leather layer was attached, through its periphery and by means of seams of polyamide thread together with natural rubber adhesives, two side sheets on each side, composed of two layers of unidirectional fibers of UHMWPE not pressed, these sheets were designed to cover the sides of the feet, forming a shoe (12). The template (13) can be used inside a shoe or boot for civilian use, as well as inside a military boot.
Ejemplo 3 Example 3
Haciendo referencia a la FIG.15, se fabricó un chaleco de protección (14) contra impactos de munición de 9mm, el cual se compuso de dos láminas para chaleco (15 y 16) conformadas de igual manera que la descrita en el ejemplo 1, con la diferencia que cada lámina (15 y 16) se compuso de ocho hojas de fibras unidireccionales de UHMWPE, y cada hoja se compuso de cuatro capas de fibras orientadas a 90° entre capa y capa. Adicionalmente el patrón (3) de la primera lámina del chaleco (15) describió una geometría de hexágonos irregulares, orientados en diferentes direcciones, según la necesidad del área a proteger, y el patrón de la segunda lámina del chaleco (16) describió segmentos de círculos (no ilustrados), donde el patrón (3) no cubrió la totalidad de la superficie de la lámina. Además de las láminas para chaleco (15 y 16), el chaleco se compuso adicionalmente por tres hojas (17) no prensadas de un material compuesto de fibras unidireccionales de UHMWPE, donde cada hoja se compuso de cuatro capas de fibras orientadas a 90° entre capa y capa. Referring to FIG.15, a protection vest (14) was made against 9mm ammunition impacts, which was composed of two vest sheets (15 and 16) shaped in the same way as that described in example 1, with the difference that each sheet (15 and 16) was composed of eight sheets of unidirectional fibers of UHMWPE, and each sheet was composed of four layers of fibers oriented at 90 ° between layers. Additionally, the pattern (3) of the first sheet of the vest (15) described a geometry of irregular hexagons, oriented in different directions, according to the need of the area to be protected, and the pattern of the second sheet of the vest (16) described segments of circles (not shown), where the pattern (3) did not cover the entire surface of the sheet. In addition to the vest sheets (15 and 16), the vest was additionally composed of three unpressed sheets (17) of a unidirectional UHMWPE composite material, where each sheet was composed of four layers of fibers oriented at 90 ° between layer and layer.
Por último, el chaleco de protección (14) en su totalidad se cubrió por una tela compuesta por fibras de poliamida, lo cual constituyó la cubierta exterior del chaleco de protección (14), no ilustrada en la figura. Finally, the protective vest (14) in its entirety was covered by a fabric composed of polyamide fibers, which constituted the outer cover of the protective vest (14), not illustrated in the figure.
Ejemplo 4 Example 4
Haciendo referencia a la FIG.16, se fabricó una pieza de blindaje para vehículo la cual se compuso de una lámina (1) similar a la descrita en el ejemplo 1, con la diferencia que esta se fabricó a partir de 82 hojas de material, las cuales se conformaron cada una por cuatro capas de fibras unidireccionales de UHMWPE, orientadas a 90° entre capa y capa y consolidadas por medio de un proceso de prensado en una matriz de poliuretano termoplástico. With reference to FIG.16, a vehicle armor piece was made which was composed of a sheet (1) similar to that described in example 1, with the difference that it was made from 82 sheets of material, which were each formed by four layers of unidirectional fibers of UHMWPE, oriented at 90 ° between layer and layer and consolidated by means of a pressing process in a thermoplastic polyurethane matrix.
La pieza de blindaje se adaptó a la puerta de un vehículo, y el patrón (3) consistió en líneas paralelas a lo largo de la zona donde la puerta del vehículo tiene una curvatura. De esta manera el patrón (3) grabado cubrió sólo un porcentaje de la superficie total de la lámina (1). The armor piece was adapted to the door of a vehicle, and the pattern (3) consisted of parallel lines along the area where the vehicle door has a curvature. In this way the engraved pattern (3) covered only a percentage of the total area of the sheet (1).

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un dispositivo de protección contra impactos que comprende: 1. An impact protection device that includes:
una lámina (1) de material compuesto, la lámina (1) tiene un patrón (3) grabado en una de sus caras;  a sheet (1) of composite material, the sheet (1) has a pattern (3) engraved on one of its faces;
donde el material compuesto tiene un módulo de elasticidad entre 0,8GPa y 250GPa y se conforma de fibras (2) dispuestas en una matriz polimérica.  wherein the composite material has a modulus of elasticity between 0.8GPa and 250GPa and is formed of fibers (2) arranged in a polymeric matrix.
2. El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 1, donde la lámina (1) tiene una cara externa (6) y una cara interna (7) , y el patrón (3) se dispone en la cara externa (6), en la cara interna (7) o en ambas caras (6 y7) The device of Claim 1, wherein the sheet (1) has an outer face (6) and an inner face (7), and the pattern (3) is disposed on the outer face (6), on the inner side (7) or on both sides (6 and 7)
3. El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 1, donde el patrón (3) es conformado por medio de cortes. 3. The device of Claim 1, wherein the pattern (3) is formed by means of cuts.
4. El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 1, donde la lámina (1) de material compuesto se recubre con una capa de material cerámico. 4. The device of Claim 1, wherein the sheet (1) of composite material is coated with a layer of ceramic material.
5. El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 1, donde la lámina (1) de material compuesto se recubre con una capa de material metálico. The device of Claim 1, wherein the sheet (1) of composite material is coated with a layer of metallic material.
6. El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 1, donde el patrón (3) grabado en la lámina (1) es formado por cortes pasantes. The device of Claim 1, wherein the pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1) is formed by through cuts.
7. El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 1, donde el patrón (3) grabado en la lámina (1) es formado por cortes en relieve no pasantes. The device of Claim 1, wherein the pattern (3) engraved on the sheet (1) is formed by non-through relief cuts.
8. El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 1, donde la lámina (1) se conforma por, al menos, una primera capa (4), y una segunda capa (5) dispuesta sobre la primera capa (4), donde las fibras (2) de la primera capa (4) están orientadas formando un ángulo entre 0o a 90° respecto a las fibras (2) de la segunda capa (5). The device of Claim 1, wherein the sheet (1) is formed by, at least, a first layer (4), and a second layer (5) disposed on the first layer (4), wherein the fibers (2) ) of the first layer (4) are oriented at an angle between 0 or 90 ° with respect to the fibers (2) of the second layer (5).
9. El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 1, caracterizado por que el patrón (3) está conformado por tramos del perímetro de una teselación. El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 9, caracterizado porque el patrón (3) está conformado por tramos del perímetro de una teselacion partiendo de los vértices de las figuras del teselado. The device of Claim 1, characterized in that the pattern (3) is formed by sections of the perimeter of a tessellation. The device of Claim 9, characterized in that the pattern (3) is formed by sections of the perimeter of a tessellation starting from the vertices of the tiling figures.
11. El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 9, caracterizado porque el patrón (3) está conformado por tramos del perímetro de una teselacion, sin entrar en contacto con los vértices de las figuras del teselado. 11. The device of claim 9, characterized in that the pattern (3) is formed by sections of the perimeter of a tessellation, without coming into contact with the vertices of the tiling figures.
El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el patrón (3) conforma por un canal de grabado. The device of Claim 1, characterized in that the pattern (3) is formed by an engraving channel.
11. El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 12, caracterizado porque el canal de grabado del patrón (3) describe un ángulo (a) de Io a 179°, respecto a la superficie de la lámina (1). The device of Claim 12, characterized in that the engraving channel of the pattern (3) describes an angle (a) of I or 179 ° with respect to the surface of the sheet (1).
El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el patrón (3) cubre entre 0,1% y el 100% de la superficie de la lámina (1). The device of Claim 1, characterized in that the pattern (3) covers between 0.1% and 100% of the surface of the sheet (1).
14. El dispositivo de la Reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque tiene, al menos, dos laminas (1). The device of Claim 1, characterized in that it has at least two sheets (1).
PCT/IB2018/056845 2017-09-22 2018-09-07 Device for protecting against impact WO2019058203A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CONC2017/0009647A CO2017009647A1 (en) 2017-09-22 2017-09-22 Impact protection device
CONC2017/0009647 2017-09-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019058203A1 true WO2019058203A1 (en) 2019-03-28

Family

ID=65811176

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2018/056845 WO2019058203A1 (en) 2017-09-22 2018-09-07 Device for protecting against impact

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CO (1) CO2017009647A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2019058203A1 (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070172677A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2007-07-26 Biermann Paul J Impact resistant flexible body device
WO2008048301A2 (en) * 2005-12-06 2008-04-24 Honeywell International Inc. Fragment and stab resistant flexible material with reduced trauma effect
US20120196108A1 (en) * 2006-09-12 2012-08-02 Honeywell Internation Inc. High performance ballistic composites having improved flexibility and method of making the same
WO2017019144A1 (en) * 2015-07-27 2017-02-02 Rocky Research Multilayered composite ballistic article

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070172677A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2007-07-26 Biermann Paul J Impact resistant flexible body device
WO2008048301A2 (en) * 2005-12-06 2008-04-24 Honeywell International Inc. Fragment and stab resistant flexible material with reduced trauma effect
US20120196108A1 (en) * 2006-09-12 2012-08-02 Honeywell Internation Inc. High performance ballistic composites having improved flexibility and method of making the same
WO2017019144A1 (en) * 2015-07-27 2017-02-02 Rocky Research Multilayered composite ballistic article

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MARTINI, ROBERTO: "Stretch-and-release fabrication, testing and optimization of a flexible ceramic armor inspired from fish scales", BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS, vol. 11, no. 6, 13 October 2016 (2016-10-13), pages 1748 - 3190, XP055584471, ISSN: 1748-3190, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://barthelat-lab.mcgill.ca/files/papers/BB2016.pdf> [retrieved on 20181113], DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/11/6/066001 *
MURCIA, SANDRA: "The natural armors of fish: A comparison of the lamination pattern and structure of scales", JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS, vol. 73, no. 2017, 20 September 2016 (2016-09-20), pages 17 - 27, XP085116378, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://reader. elsevier .com/ reader/sd/pii/S1751616116303320?token=8FB2B2872F22B 3F18B7COEBF4DF09323A61137C46D33A8 EE 579572AC4F 989 BE 05821F499A8D5784C1468F955825C236B> [retrieved on 20181113], DOI: doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.09.025 *
RAVI, K. CHINTAPALLI ET AL.: "Fabrication, testing and modeling of a new flexible armor inspired from natural fish scales and osteoderms", BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS, vol. 9, no. 3, 11 March 2014 (2014-03-11), pages 1 - 9, XP020270093, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://barthelat-lab.mcgill.ca/files/papers/BB2014.pdf> [retrieved on 20181113] *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CO2017009647A1 (en) 2019-04-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7698984B2 (en) Ballistic projectile resistant barrier apparatus
ES2370650T3 (en) A SHIELD PLATE FOR USE IN THE BLINDS OF PEOPLE OR VEHICLES.
EP3456216A1 (en) Helmet insert
US8927088B2 (en) Helmet designs utilizing foam structures having graded properties
US5824940A (en) Ceramic bullet-proof fabric
ES2550320T3 (en) Enhanced multilayer structure for ballistic protection
US20080307553A1 (en) Method And Apparatus For Protecting Against Ballistic Projectiles
US20020122927A1 (en) Wearable protective system having protective elements
US20160273886A1 (en) Asymmetric Body Armor
CA2647155A1 (en) Improved fabric armor
US4633528A (en) Bullet affecting/deflecting material
EP2245415B1 (en) Protective divide and method for protection
ITUB20151170A1 (en) Bulletproof protective structure and corresponding bulletproof vest
ES2660478T3 (en) Ballistic protection with multi-layer structure that includes a plurality of rigid elements
KR101014407B1 (en) Apparatus for imbricated type of a bulletproof vest using circular ceramic disks
WO2019058203A1 (en) Device for protecting against impact
GB2573810A (en) Protective Shield And Shield Wall
GB2232063A (en) Projectile resistant shield for protective garments
AT410142B (en) Device protects body parts against bullets or shrapnels, has carrier layer, layer of protective plates and energy-absorbing layer
KR101229550B1 (en) Fabric Layer For Bulletproof Clothes
KR101683639B1 (en) Breathable electronics
US8881639B2 (en) Hybrid body armor
WO2004099705A1 (en) Anti-ballistic composite armor and associated method
GB2303534A (en) Body armour
US20080193693A1 (en) Anti-stab and antiballistic foraminous structures

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18858523

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 18858523

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1