WO2019055152A1

WO2019055152A1 - Enhanced wake-up receiver preamble

Info

Publication number: WO2019055152A1
Application number: PCT/US2018/045115
Authority: WO
Inventors: Shahrnaz Azizi; Minyoung Park; Thomas J. Kenney; Po-Kai Huang
Original assignee: Intel IP Corporation
Priority date: 2017-09-14
Filing date: 2018-08-03
Publication date: 2019-03-21
Also published as: CN111052806A; CN111052806B

Abstract

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to enhanced wake-up receiver preamble. A device may determine a wake-up packet comprising a first preamble of one or more preambles. The device may determine a data rate associated with a transmission of the wake-up packet. The device may determine a sequence of bits, wherein the sequence of bits is associated with the data rate. The device may cause to embed the sequence of bits in the first preamble of the wake-up packet. The device may cause to send the wake-up packet to a first device.

Description

ENHANCED WAKE-UP RECEIVER PREAMBLE

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION S)

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/558,692, filed September 14, 2017, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in full.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for wireless communications and, more particularly, to enhanced wake-up receiver preambles.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Advances in wireless communications require the use of efficient batteries to allow users to utilize their devices for longer times between recharges or replacement. The exchange of data in wireless communications consumes power and having repeated recharges or installation of dedicated power lines may result in a relatively negative user experience.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0004] FIG. 1 depicts a network diagram illustrating an example network environment for enhanced wake-up receiver preamble, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0005] FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for a wake-up packet, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0006] FIG. 3 A illustrates a flow diagram of illustrative process for an illustrative enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0007] FIG. 3B illustrates a flow diagram of illustrative process for an illustrative enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure

[0008] FIG. 4 illustrates a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station that may be suitable for use as a user device, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0009] FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an example machine upon which any of one or more techniques (e.g., methods) may be performed, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] Example embodiments described herein provide certain systems, methods, and devices for enhanced wake-up receiver preamble. The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims.

[0011] The concept of a Low-Power Wake-Up Receiver (LP-WUR) may improve the standby, sleep and in cases even active mode power consumption. The underlying technology was introduced to the 802.11 community as viable solution to attain substantial power savings for wireless devices. Since then a task group is now under way named 802.1 lba (also known as TGba). The WUR (802.1 lba) objective is to provide a low-power solution (e.g., ~100μW in active state) for always-on Wi-Fi (or Bluetooth) connectivity of wearable, IoT and other emerging devices that will be densely deployed and used in the near future.

[0012] To achieve the target of very low power consumption WUR, waveforms and techniques need to be designed that allow a simple and low cost, low power hardware solution. This is departure from previous versions of the Wi-Fi standard. One main target is to have hardware that uses inexpensive, very low power RF section with minimal baseband solution. While this type of solution cannot be mandated by the standard, the protocol needs to be developed to enable such solutions. Nonetheless, the protocol will be developed for the more aggressive designs, with more complicated designs possibly performing better in some scenarios, but at a higher cost and power point.

[0013] A wake-up packet structure in TGba proposes a very simple physical layer (PHY) structure consisting of one data rate for the transmission of the wake-up packet to meet the required reduced hardware complexity mentioned above. However, other motivation may be to enable more than two data rates because: (1) low data rate, such as 62.5 kilobits per second (kbps) to meet the 802.1 lb/1 lax-extended-range mode link budget and range; (2) higher data rate such as 125kbps or 250 kbps to have shorter packet transmission time. If more than one data rate is supported, then the data rate needs to be either pre-negotiated or signaled in the wake-up packet. Pre-negotiation of the data rate can be done via the main radio (e.g., 802.11 radio) prior to engaging WUR and going to power down. However, for the device that is mobile and may move further away from its associated AP while the main Wi-Fi radio is in power-down mode, pre-negotiating a rate for WUR will be problematic. As one example, during the time of negotiation the 125 kbps meets the range of operation for WUR, but then the device moves to be at a new location where 125 kbps wake-up transmission from AP will not reach the device. Therefore, enabling per packet signaling of data rate becomes a requirement.

[0014] Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, methods, and devices for an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble.

[0015] In particular, lower energy consumption may be achieved by adding an LP- WUR to a device to wake-up the main radio system (e.g., IEEE 802.11 transceiver) of the device based on receiving a wake-up packet from another device. The LP- WUR integrated in the circuitry of the device may be configured to receive a wake-up packet as an indication that the radio system of the device may need to be powered on in order to start receiving/sending data. The LP- WUR may be based on, but not limited to, "on-off keying" (OOK), amplitude shift keying (ASK) or frequency shift keying (FSK) for signaling, and characterized with a much lower power consumption compared to a normal IEEE 802.11 orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) receiver (e.g., an IEEE 802.11 receiver). The other device may include a wake-up packet transmitter that generates a wake-up packet to be transmitted to the device.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble may support two data rates for data transmission.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may determine a sequence that may be used to differentiate between two different rates for data transmission (data rates). The sequence may be embedded in a preamble of a packet that may be sent from a transmitting device to wake-up a receiving device. It should be understood that embedding the sequence in the preamble involves encoding the sequence in the preamble, adding or including the sequence in the preamble, or encapsulating the sequence in the preamble. The point is that the sequence may be comprised of two sequences that are distinguishable at the receiving device. This way, when the receiving device distinguishes one sequence versus the other, the receiving device would determine the data rate that the packet is using. In one or more embodiments, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may facilitate the use a longer sequence, such as, pseudo-random (PN) sequence for the wake-up packet to complement two repetition of 15-bit PN sequence. The longer sequence may be comprised of two sequences that may either be repetition of each or may be orthogonal to each other. This would result in a differentiation between high data rate and low data rate at the receiving device. That is a first long sequence could correspond to a low data rate and a second long sequence could correspond to a high data rate. A wake-up packet may be comprised of an 802.11 preamble portion, a wake-up preamble portion, a MAC header, a payload, and a frame check sequence (FCS). In traditional Wi-Fi preamble, the data rate is signaled in a Signal Field of the 802.11 preamble portion. Unlike the traditional way of signaling data rate by using bits of information in the Signal Field, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system avoids definition of a Signal Field to carry per packet signaling information. Since a receiving device receiving the wake-up packet is interested in the wake-up preamble and not the 802.11 preamble, the wake-up preamble portion will have two functions, it is used for packet detection and also for rate classification. In in essence, rate classification happens through the detection of different sequences that are included in the wake-up preamble. That is, based on the detected sequence in the wake-up preamble, a receiving device may determine what the data rate is when decoding the received wake-up packet. It should be understood that a wake-up receiver does not decode the 802.11 preamble portion, instead it decodes the wake-up preamble portion of the wake-up packet. Therefore, a wake-up receiver receiving a wake-up packet, will need to determine the data rate from information comprised in the wake-up preamble portion of the wake-up packet.

[0018] In one embodiment, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may generate orthogonal or semi-orthogonal sequences for the wake-up preamble portion. The approach is that the data rate is signaled in the packet through detection of the wake-up preamble. As mentioned above the target is to design for an extremely simple and low cost, low power hardware solution. The above approach does not extend the length of the Wake-up preamble, but uses new sequences to afford differentiation between two sets beyond what is required for normal detection. This is also advantageous to overall system throughput since the wake-up packet is very low rate, so avoiding the need for a signal field with all the overhead bits is very desirable.

[0019] The main criteria on the design of the WUR is extremely low power and low cost. Achieving these targets creates a method to have the Wi-Fi radio in a "powered down" state affording substantial power savings in typical operational modes.

[0020] In one embodiment, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may determine an alternative preamble sequence, and outlines a method to create two or more preamble sequences to enable per packet data rate indications. With this approach, first, a longer PN sequence is used for the preamble instead of repetition of two preamble sequences. In addition, the properties of PN sequences are exploited to indicate data rate in the packet PHY header through adding a specific offset to the sequence. [0021] One or more embodiments may use different types of codes such as Walsh codes that are orthogonal to signal the data rate. However, to maintain simple hardware for WUR, the PN sequences are explained in more details here.

[0022] In one embodiment, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may facilitate a signaling method in the wake-up packet to carry the data rate without including an explicit SIGNAL field in the packet. In addition, avoiding the need for a signal field with all the overhead bits is very desirable from a system throughput perspective.

[0023] The above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting. Numerous other examples, configurations, processes, etc., may exist, some of which are described in greater detail below. Example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures.

[0024] FIG. 1 is a network diagram illustrating an example network environment of low power wake-up signaling, according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. Wireless network 100 may include one or more user devices 120 and one or more access points(s) (AP) 102, which may communicate in accordance with IEEE 802.11 communication standards. The user device(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non-stationary (e.g., not having fixed locations) or may be stationary devices.

[0025] In some embodiments, the user devices 120 and the AP 102 may include one or more computer systems similar to that of the functional diagram of FIG. 4 and/or the example machine/system of FIG. 5.

[0026] One or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be operable by one or more user(s) 110. It should be noted that any addressable unit may be a station (STA). An STA may take on multiple distinct characteristics, each of which shape its function. For example, a single addressable unit might simultaneously be a portable STA, a quality-of- service (QoS) STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA. The one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and the AP(s) 102 may be STAs. The one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may operate as a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point/access point (PCP/AP). The user device(s) 120 (e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/or AP(s) 102 may include any suitable processor-driven device including, but not limited to, a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static, device. For example, user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may include, a user equipment (UE), a station (STA), an access point (AP), a software enabled AP (SoftAP), a personal computer (PC), a wearable wireless device (e.g., bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an ultrabook™ computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a "carry small live large" (CSLL) device, an ultra mobile device (UMD), an ultra mobile PC (UMPC), a mobile internet device (MID), an "origami" device or computing device, a device that supports dynamically composable computing (DCC), a context-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, a set-top-box (STB), a blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a digital video disc (DVD) player, a high definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD DVD recorder, a personal video recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat panel display, a personal media player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a digital still camera (DSC), a media player, a smartphone, a television, a music player, or the like. Other devices, including smart devices such as lamps, climate control, car components, household components, appliances, etc. may also be included in this list.

[0027] As used herein, the term "Internet of Things (IoT) device" is used to refer to any object (e.g., an appliance, a sensor, etc.) that has an addressable interface (e.g., an Internet protocol (IP) address, a Bluetooth identifier (ID), a near-field communication (NFC) ID, etc.) and can transmit information to one or more other devices over a wired or wireless connection. An IoT device may have a passive communication interface, such as a quick response (QR) code, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, an NFC tag, or the like, or an active communication interface, such as a modem, a transceiver, a transmitter-receiver, or the like. An IoT device can have a particular set of attributes (e.g., a device state or status, such as whether the IoT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available for task execution or busy, and so on, a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light-emitting function, a sound-emitting function, etc.) that can be embedded in and/or controlled/monitored by a central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, ASIC, or the like, and configured for connection to an IoT network such as a local ad-hoc network or the Internet. For example, IoT devices may include, but are not limited to, refrigerators, toasters, ovens, microwaves, freezers, dishwashers, dishes, hand tools, clothes washers, clothes dryers, furnaces, air conditioners, thermostats, televisions, light fixtures, vacuum cleaners, sprinklers, electricity meters, gas meters, etc., so long as the devices are equipped with an addressable communications interface for communicating with the IoT network. IoT devices may also include cell phones, desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc. Accordingly, the IoT network may be comprised of a combination of "legacy" Internet-accessible devices (e.g., laptop or desktop computers, cell phones, etc.) in addition to devices that do not typically have Internet-connectivity (e.g., dishwashers, etc.).

[0028] The user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may also include mesh stations in, for example, a mesh network, in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards and/or 3 GPP standards.

[0029] Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to communicate with each other via one or more communications networks 130 and/or 135 wirelessly or wired. The user device(s) 120 may also communicate peer-to-peer or directly with each other with or without the AP(s) 102. Any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but not limited to, any one of a combination of different types of suitable communications networks such as, for example, broadcasting networks, cable networks, public networks (e.g., the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or any other suitable private and/or public networks. Further, any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), or personal area networks (PANs). In addition, any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic may be carried including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium, microwave terrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication mediums, white space communication mediums, ultra-high frequency communication mediums, satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.

[0030] Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may include one or more communications antennas. The one or more communications antennas may be any suitable type of antennas corresponding to the communications protocols used by the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126 and 128), and AP(s) 102. Some non-limiting examples of suitable communications antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards compatible antennas, directional antennas, non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, omnidirectional antennas, quasi- omnidirectional antennas, or the like. The one or more communications antennas may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communications signals to and/or from the user devices 120 and/or AP(s) 102.

[0031] Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/or directional reception in conjunction with wirelessly communicating in a wireless network. Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform such directional transmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays (e.g., DMG antenna arrays or the like). Each of the multiple antenna arrays may be used for transmission and/or reception in a particular respective direction or range of directions. Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform any given directional transmission towards one or more defined transmit sectors. Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform any given directional reception from one or more defined receive sectors.

[0032] MIMO beamforming in a wireless network may be accomplished using RF beamforming and/or digital beamforming. In some embodiments, in performing a given MIMO transmission, user devices 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be configured to use all or a subset of its one or more communications antennas to perform MIMO beamforming.

[0033] Any of the user devices 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocols utilized by any of the user device(s) 120 and AP(s) 102 to communicate with each other. The radio components may include hardware and/or software to modulate and/or demodulate communications signals according to pre-established transmission protocols. The radio components may further have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate via one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct protocols, as standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards. In certain example embodiments, the radio component, in cooperation with the communications antennas, may be configured to communicate via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11b, 802. l lg, 802.11η, 802.1 lax, 802.11ba), 5 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11η, 802.1 lac, 802.1 lax, 802.11ba), or 60 GHZ channels (e.g., 802.1 lad). In some embodiments, non-Wi-Fi protocols may be used for communications between devices, such as Bluetooth, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), Ultra- High Frequency (UHF) (e.g., IEEE 802.1 laf, IEEE 802.22), white band frequency (e.g., white spaces), or other packetized radio communications. The radio component may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via the communications protocols. The radio component may further include a low noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and digital baseband.

[0034] The one or more user devices 120 may operate in a low power mode to conserve power. During this time, the LP-WUR of a user device 120 may be active while an 802.11 transceiver may be inactive. Because the LP-WUR may operate in a lower power state than the 802.11 transceiver, power may be conserved on the user device 120.

[0035] In one embodiment, an AP 102 may send one or more wake-up packets 142 to one or more user device(s) 120. A wake-up packet 142 may signal to a user device 120 to activate a higher power mode, which may include activating a higher-powered 802.11 transceiver on the user device 120.

[0036] A wake-up packet structure in TGba proposes a very simple PHY structure consisting of one data rate for the transmission of the wake-up packet to meet the required reduced hardware complexity. However, other motivation may be to enable more than two data rates because: (1) low data rate, such as 62.5 kbps to meet the 802.1 lb/1 lax-extended- range mode link budget and range; (2) higher data rate such as 125kbps or 250 kbps to have shorter packet transmission time.

[0037] In one or more embodiments, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may determine a sequence of bits (hereinafter referred to as "sequence") that may be used to differentiate between two different rates for data transmission (data rates). The sequence may be embedded in a preamble of a packet that may be sent from a transmitting device to wake- up a receiving device. The point is that the sequence may be comprised of two sequences that are distinguishable at the receiving device. This way, when the receiving device distinguishes one sequence versus the other, the receiving device would determine the data rate that the packet is using.

[0038] In one embodiment, The PN codes may be a set of pseudo-random but may be deterministically generated sequences, which mimic certain properties of noise. The code may be generated with simple linear feedback shift register. The desired properties of PN sequences may be: (1) sharp autocorrelation, so that any time-shifted version of a PN code may have small correlation with the original sequence; (2) equal number of "l"s and "0"s in any long segment of the sequence, so that the signal may have no bias; and (3) random and independent appearance of "l"s and "0"s, so that it may be difficult to reconstruct the sequence from any short segment. [0039] In one embodiment, the first property of small correlation with time-shifted version of the sequence is exploited to signal the packet data rate.

[0040] In one embodiment, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may use a longer PN sequence, such as m-sequence of length 2^m— 1, where for m=5 is of length 31. One example may be given by polynomial 1 + X² + X⁵ Since this polynomial is irreducible, it generates 6 sequences with maximum period of 31.

[0041] The following is an example generated by the below matlab code for this polynomial:

[0042] S = [1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0];

[0043] pnSequence = comm.PNSequence('Polynomial',[5 2 0], ...'SamplesPerFrame', 31,'InitialConditions',[0 0 0 0 1]); S = step(pnSequence).

[0044] One or more subsets of the sequence S may be orthogonal to each other. For example, the sequence S may be made up of a first sequence SI and a second sequence S2, where SI and S2 are orthogonal to each other or SI and S2 may be a repetition of each other. In this case, a receiving device that receives this sequence S, may determine based on the makeup of the sequence S whether the data rate is a low data rate or a high data rate. For example, if the sequence S is comprised of 64 bits, then SI may be comprised of 32 bits and S2 may be comprised of 32 bits.

[0045] In one embodiment, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may use one different time offset (or two or more if more than two preamble sequences are desired) to uniquely identify the second preamble sequence. As a note, more than one could be used if more information may have to be conveyed to the WUR. Doing this may avoid a Signal Field in the 802.11 preamble if an additional bit or so is needed to be signaled. Because the main differentiating factor for preamble sequences is their time offset, it may be important to allocate the PN offset with enough separation such that there may be no misdetection due to delay spread of the channel. It should be noted that each bit is a modulated on-off keying (OOK) with duration of one 802.11 orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of 4 microseconds (usee), even an offset of one generates a 4 usee separation which is much larger than root mean square (RMS) delay spread of 802.11η channel models.

[0046] In one embodiment, the offset by which preamble is transmitted may define the data rate of the packet. For example, Offset- 1 indicates lower rate and Offset-2 indicates higher rate (if there are more than two rates, then more offsets will be defined). An offset is the number of bits that the sequence S may be offset by example, the beginning of the sequence S may start at offset- 1 in the case of a lower data rate while the beginning of the sequence S may start at offset-2 in the case higher a high data rate. That is, the first sequence S that corresponds to the lower data rate may be different from a second sequence S that corresponds to the higher data rate. When the receiving device receives the WUR packet, it may determine based on the WUR preamble comprising either the first sequence S or the second sequence S whether the data rate is a lower data rate or a higher data rate.

[0047] The offsets will be either defined in a specification as constant values or may be defined as configurable values where AP announces them in its WUR information element.

[0048] At the station device (STA) receiver, the STA receiver may search for Offset- 1 and Offset-2 in parallel to auto-detect the preamble, and hence the data rate of the packet.

[0049] An alternative to the use of PN sequences may be to use orthogonal codes or semi- orthogonal codes such as Walsh codes, Hadamard codes, Baker codes, or any other codes that may be orthogonal or semi-orthogonal to each other. For example, Barker code as used for 802.1 lb can be used for WUR preamble.

[0050] It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.

[0051] FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for a wake-up receiver (WUR) packet 200, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0052] Referring to FIG. 2, the WUR packet 200 may be comprised of an 802.11 preamble portion 201, a wake-up preamble portion 203, a MAC header 205, a payload 207, and a frame check sequence (FCS) 209. The wake-up preamble portion 203 is shown to be made up of two sequences, SI 211 and S2 213. These sequences may use different types of codes such as Walsh codes, Hadamard codes, Baker codes, or any other codes that may be orthogonal or semi-orthogonal to each other.

[0053] A wake-up packet structure in TGba proposes a very simple PHY structure consisting of one data rate for the transmission of the wake-up packet to meet the required reduced hardware complexity mentioned above. However, there is a motivation to enable two or more data rates: (1) low data rate, such as 62.5 kbps to meet the 1 lb/1 lax-extended-range mode link budget and range; and (2) high data rate such as 125kbps or 250 kbps to have shorter packet transmission time. Currently, if more than one data rate is supported, then the data rate needs to be either pre-negotiated or signaled in the wake-up packet. Pre-negotiation of the data rate can be done via the main radio prior to engaging WUR and going to power down. However, for the device that is mobile and may move further away from its associated AP while the main Wi-Fi radio is in power-down mode, pre-negotiating a rate for WUR will be problematic. As one example, during the time of negotiation the 125 kbps meets the range of operation for WUR, but then the device moves to be at a new location where 125 kbps wake- up transmission from AP will not reach the device. Therefore, enabling per packet signaling of data rate becomes a requirement.

[0054] In one or more embodiments, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble may support two data rates for data transmission. For example, a long sequence 210 or a long sequence 218 may be used to differentiate between two different rates for data transmission (e.g., high data rate or low data rate). For example, the long sequence 210 may be comprised of two sequences (e.g., SI 211 and S2 213) that are embedded in the wake-up preamble of a packet that may be sent from a transmitting device to wake-up a receiving device to indicate a low data rate. Similarly, the long sequence 218 may be comprised of two sequences (e.g., SI 214 and S2216) that are embedded in the wake-up preamble of a packet that may be sent from a transmitting device to wake-up a receiving device to indicate a high data rate. The point is that the long sequence 210 and the long sequence 218 may be comprised of sequences that are distinguishable at the receiving device. This way, when the receiving device receives the wake- up preamble 203, based on the long sequence 210 or the long sequence 218, the receiving device may be able determine the data rate that the wake-up packet 200 is using.

[0055] In one or more embodiments, the long sequence 210 (or the long sequence 218) may be a pseudo-random (PN) sequence that complements two repetition of 15 -bit PN sequence (in addition to two bits of zero value, which equals a 32 bits sequence). In some examples, the long sequence 210 may be comprised of two sequences that may either be repetition of each or may be orthogonal to each other. The makeup of the long sequence would then result in a differentiation between high data rate and low data rate at the receiving device. That is a first long sequence (e.g., long sequence 210) could correspond to a low data rate and a second long sequence (e.g., long sequence 218) could correspond to a high data rate based on the sequences that each of the first long sequence and the second long sequence is made up from. For example, if the first long sequence is made up of a first subset sequence (e.g., SI 211) and a second subset sequence (e.g., S2 213) that are a repetition of each other, and the second long sequence is made up of a first subset sequence (e.g., SI 214) and a second subset sequence (e.g., S2 216) that are orthogonal to each other, a receiving device would able to differentiate between the first long sequence and the second long sequence in order to determine the data rate. Unlike the traditional way of signaling data rate by using bits of information in the Signal Field of the 802.11 preamble of the wake-up packet, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system avoids definition of a Signal Field to carry per packet signaling information. Since a receiving device receiving the wake-up packet is interested in the wake-up preamble and not the 802.11 preamble, the wake-up preamble portion will have two functions, it is used for packet detection and also for rate classification. In in essence, rate classification happens through the detection of different sequences that are included in the wake-up preamble. That is, based on the detected sequence in the wake-up preamble, a receiving device may determine what the data rate is when decoding the received wake-up packet. It should be understood that a wake-up receiver does not decode the 802.11 preamble portion, instead it decodes the wake-up preamble portion of the wake-up packet. Therefore, a wake-up receiver receiving a wake-up packet, will need to determine the data rate from information comprised in the wake-up preamble portion of the wake-up packet.

[0056] It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.

[0057] FIG. 3A illustrates a flow diagram of illustrative process 300 for an illustrative enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0058] At block 302, a device (e.g., the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP 102 of FIG. 1) may determine a wake-up packet comprising a first preamble of one or more preambles. A wake-up packet may be comprised of an 802.11 preamble portion, a wake-up preamble portion, a MAC header, a payload, and a frame check sequence (FCS).

[0059] At block 304, the device may determine a data rate associated with a transmission of the wake-up packet.

[0060] At block 306, the device may determine a sequence of bits, wherein the sequence of bits is associated with the data rate. In traditional Wi-Fi preamble, the data rate is signaled in a Signal Field of the 802.11 preamble portion. Unlike the traditional way of signaling data rate by using bits of information in the Signal Field, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system avoids definition of a Signal Field to carry per packet signaling information.

[0061] At block 308, the device may cause to embed the sequence of bits in the first preamble of the wake-up packet. For example, a sequence that may be used to differentiate between two different rates for data transmission (data rates). The sequence may be embedded in a preamble of a packet that may be sent from a transmitting device to wake-up a receiving device. It should be understood that embedding the sequence in the preamble involves encoding the sequence in the preamble, adding or including the sequence in the preamble, or encapsulating the sequence in the preamble. The point is that the sequence may be comprised of two sequences that are distinguishable at the receiving device. [0062] At block 310, the device may cause to send the wake-up packet to a first device. For example, an AP may send one or more wake-up packets to one or more user device (e.g., a user device 120 of FIG. 1). A wake-up packet may signal to a user device to activate a higher power mode, which may include activating a higher-powered 802.11 transceiver on the user device. The wake-up packet may also signal to the user device to activate a lower power mode.

[0063] It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.

[0064] FIG. 3B illustrates a flow diagram of illustrative process 350 for an enhanced wake- up receiver preamble system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0065] At block 352, a device (e.g., the user device(s) 120 and/or the AP 102 of FIG. 1) may identify a wake-up packet received from a device. For example, a user device may receive one or more wake-up packets from an AP. The wake-up packet may signal to the user device to activate a higher power mode, which may include activating a higher-powered 802.11 transceiver on the user device. The wake-up packet may also signal to the user device to activate a lower power mode.

[0066] At block 354, the device may identify a sequence of bits in a preamble of wake-up packet. For example, a sequence that may be used to differentiate between two different rates for data transmission (data rates). The sequence may be embedded in a preamble of the wake- up packet.

[0067] At block 356, the device may determine a data rate based on the sequence of bits. For example the sequence may be used to differentiate between two different rates for data transmission (data rates). The sequence may be embedded in a preamble of a packet that may be sent from a transmitting device to wake-up a receiving device. The sequence may be comprised of two sequences that are distinguishable at the receiving device. This way, when the receiving device (a user device 120 of FIG. 1) distinguishes one sequence versus the other, the receiving device would determine the data rate that the packet is using. The sequence may be a longer sequence, such as, pseudo-random (PN) sequence for the wake-up packet to complement two repetition of 15-bit PN sequence with one or more padding zeros. The longer sequence may be comprised of two sequences that may either be repetition of each or may be orthogonal to each other. This would result in a differentiation between high data rate and low data rate at the receiving device. That is a first long sequence could correspond to a low data rate and a second long sequence could correspond to a high data rate. A wake-up packet may be comprised of an 802.11 preamble portion, a wake-up preamble portion, a MAC header, a payload, and a frame check sequence (FCS).

[0068] At block 358, the device may cause to decode the wake-up packet based on the code rate. In traditional Wi-Fi preamble, the data rate is signaled in a Signal Field of the 802.11 preamble portion. Unlike the traditional way of signaling data rate by using bits of information in the Signal Field, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system avoids definition of a Signal Field to carry per packet signaling information. Since a receiving device receiving the wake-up packet is interested in the wake-up preamble and not the 802.11 preamble, the wake- up preamble portion will have two functions, it is used for packet detection and also for rate classification. In in essence, rate classification happens through the detection of different sequences that are included in the wake-up preamble. That is, based on the detected sequence in the wake-up preamble, a receiving device may determine what the data rate is when decoding the received wake-up packet.

[0069] It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.

[0070] FIG. 4 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station 400 in accordance with some embodiments. In one embodiment, FIG. 4 illustrates a functional block diagram of a communication station that may be suitable for use as an AP 102 (FIG. 1) or user device 120 (FIG. 1) in accordance with some embodiments. The communication station 400 may also be suitable for use as a handheld device, a mobile device, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a wearable computer device, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.

[0071] The communication station 400 may include communications circuitry 402 and a transceiver 410 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 401. The communications circuitry 402 may include circuitry that can operate the physical layer (PHY) communications and/or media access control (MAC) communications for controlling access to the wireless medium, and/or any other communications layers for transmitting and receiving signals. The communication station 400 may also include processing circuitry 406 and memory 408 arranged to perform the operations described herein. In some embodiments, the communications circuitry 402 and the processing circuitry 406 may be configured to perform operations detailed in FIGs. 2-3.

[0072] In accordance with some embodiments, the communications circuitry 402 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames or packets for communicating over the wireless medium. The communications circuitry 402 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals. The communications circuitry 402 may also include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 406 of the communication station 400 may include one or more processors. In other embodiments, two or more antennas 401 may be coupled to the communications circuitry 402 arranged for sending and receiving signals. The memory 408 may store information for configuring the processing circuitry 406 to perform operations for configuring and transmitting message frames and performing the various operations described herein. The memory 408 may include any type of memory, including non-transitory memory, for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, the memory 408 may include a computer-readable storage device , read-only memory (ROM), random- access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices and other storage devices and media.

[0073] In some embodiments, the communication station 400 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.

[0074] In some embodiments, the communication station 400 may include one or more antennas 401. The antennas 401 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some embodiments, instead of two or more antennas, a single antenna with multiple apertures may be used. In these embodiments, each aperture may be considered a separate antenna. In some multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas may be effectively separated for spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result between each of the antennas and the antennas of a transmitting station.

[0075] In some embodiments, the communication station 400 may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements. The display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen.

[0076] Although the communication station 400 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field- programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio- frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements of the communication station 400 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

[0077] Certain embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. A computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices and media. In some embodiments, the communication station 400 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device memory.

[0078] FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 500 or system upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may be performed. In other embodiments, the machine 500 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 500 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments. In an example, the machine 500 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environments. The machine 500 may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a wearable computer device, a web appliance, a network router, a switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term "machine" shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), or other computer cluster configurations. [0079] Examples, as described herein, may include or may operate on logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations when operating. A module includes hardware. In an example, the hardware may be specifically configured to carry out a specific operation (e.g., hardwired). In another example, the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computer readable medium containing instructions where the instructions configure the execution units to carry out a specific operation when in operation. The configuring may occur under the direction of the executions units or a loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units are communicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium when the device is operating. In this example, the execution units may be a member of more than one module. For example, under operation, the execution units may be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.

[0080] The machine (e.g., computer system) 500 may include a hardware processor 502 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 504 and a static memory 506, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 508. The machine 500 may further include a power management device 532, a graphics display device 510, an alphanumeric input device 512 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 514 (e.g., a mouse). In an example, the graphics display device 510, alphanumeric input device 512, and UI navigation device 514 may be a touch screen display. The machine 500 may additionally include a storage device (i.e., drive unit) 516, a signal generation device 518 (e.g., a speaker), an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble device 519, a network interface device/transceiver 520 coupled to antenna(s) 530, and one or more sensors 528, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or other sensor. The machine 500 may include an output controller 534, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).

[0081] The storage device 516 may include a machine readable medium 522 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 524 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions 524 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 504, within the static memory 506, or within the hardware processor 502 during execution thereof by the machine 500. In an example, one or any combination of the hardware processor 502, the main memory 504, the static memory 506, or the storage device 516 may constitute machine-readable media.

[0082] The enhanced wake-up receiver preamble device 519 may carry out or perform any of the operations and processes (e.g., processes 300 and 350) described and shown above.

[0083] For example, the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble device 519 may support two data rates for data transmission.

[0084] The enhanced wake-up receiver preamble device 519 may determine a sequence that may be used to differentiate between two different rates for data transmission (data rates). The sequence may be embedded in a preamble of a packet that may be sent from a transmitting device to wake-up a receiving device. It should be understood that embedding the sequence in the preamble involves encoding the sequence in the preamble, adding or including the sequence in the preamble, or encapsulating the sequence in the preamble. The point is that the sequence may be comprised of two sequences that are distinguishable at the receiving device. This way, when the receiving device distinguishes one sequence versus the other, the receiving device would determine the data rate that the packet is using. In one or more embodiments, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system may facilitate the use a longer sequence, such as, pseudo-random (PN) sequence for the wake-up packet to complement two repetition of 15-bit PN sequence. The longer sequence may be comprised of two sequences that may either be repetition of each or may be orthogonal to each other. This would result in a differentiation between high data rate and low data rate at the receiving device. That is a first long sequence could correspond to a low data rate and a second long sequence could correspond to a high data rate. A wake-up packet may be comprised of an 802.11 preamble portion, a wake-up preamble portion, a MAC header, a payload, and a frame check sequence (FCS). In traditional Wi-Fi preamble, the data rate is signaled in a Signal Field of the 802.11 preamble portion. Unlike the traditional way of signaling data rate by using bits of information in the Signal Field, an enhanced wake-up receiver preamble system avoids definition of a Signal Field to carry per packet signaling information. Since a receiving device receiving the wake-up packet is interested in the wake-up preamble and not the 802.11 preamble, the wake-up preamble portion will have two functions, it is used for packet detection and also for rate classification. In in essence, rate classification happens through the detection of different sequences that are included in the wake-up preamble. That is, based on the detected sequence in the wake-up preamble, a receiving device may determine what the data rate is when decoding the received wake-up packet. It should be understood that a wake-up receiver does not decode the 802.11 preamble portion, instead it decodes the wake-up preamble portion of the wake-up packet. Therefore, a wake-up receiver receiving a wake-up packet, will need to determine the data rate from information comprised in the wake-up preamble portion of the wake-up packet.

[0085] The enhanced wake-up receiver preamble device 519 may generate orthogonal or semi-orthogonal sequences for the wake-up preamble portion. The approach is that the data rate is signaled in the packet through detection of the wake-up preamble. As mentioned above the target is to design for an extremely simple and low cost, low power hardware solution. The above approach does not extend the length of the Wake-up preamble, but uses new sequences to afford differentiation between two sets beyond what is required for normal detection. This is also advantageous to overall system throughput since the wake-up packet is very low rate, so avoiding the need for a signal field with all the overhead bits is very desirable. The main criteria on the design of the WUR is extremely low power and low cost. Achieving these targets creates a method to have the Wi-Fi radio in a "powered down" state affording substantial power savings in typical operational modes.

[0086] The enhanced wake-up receiver preamble device 519 may determine an alternative preamble sequence, and outlines a method to create two or more preamble sequences to enable per packet data rate indications. With this approach, first, a longer PN sequence is used for the preamble instead of repetition of two preamble sequences. In addition, the properties of PN sequences are exploited to indicate data rate in the packet PHY header through adding a specific offset to the sequence. One or more embodiments may use different types of codes such as Walsh codes that are orthogonal to signal the data rate. However, to maintain simple hardware for WUR, the PN sequences are explained in more details here.

[0087] The enhanced wake-up receiver preamble device 519 may facilitate a signaling method in the wake-up packet to carry the data rate without including an explicit SIGNAL field in the packet. In addition, avoiding the need for a signal field with all the overhead bits is very desirable from a system throughput perspective.

[0088] It is understood that the above are only a subset of what the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble device 519 may be configured to perform and that other functions included throughout this disclosure may also be performed by the enhanced wake-up receiver preamble device 519.

[0089] While the machine-readable medium 522 is illustrated as a single medium, the term "machine-readable medium" may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 524.

[0090] Various embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware. This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein. The instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc.

[0091] The term "machine-readable medium" may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 500 and that cause the machine 500 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting machine-readable medium examples may include solid-state memories and optical and magnetic media. In an example, a massed machine-readable medium includes a machine -readable medium with a plurality of particles having resting mass. Specific examples of massed machine-readable media may include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD- ROM disks.

[0092] The instructions 524 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 526 using a transmission medium via the network interface device/transceiver 520 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.). Example communications networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), plain old telephone (POTS) networks, wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others. In an example, the network interface device/transceiver 520 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 526. In an example, the network interface device/transceiver 520 may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple- output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques. The term "transmission medium" shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 500 and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such software. The operations and processes described and shown above may be carried out or performed in any suitable order as desired in various implementations. Additionally, in certain implementations, at least a portion of the operations may be carried out in parallel. Furthermore, in certain implementations, less than or more than the operations described may be performed.

[0093] The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The terms "computing device," "user device," "communication station," "station," "handheld device," "mobile device," "wireless device" and "user equipment" (UE) as used herein refers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device. The device may be either mobile or stationary.

[0094] As used within this document, the term "communicate" is intended to include transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving. This may be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data that is being transmitted by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of those devices is required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive during the exchange) may be described as "communicating," when only the functionality of one of those devices is being claimed. The term "communicating" as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal. For example, a wireless communication unit, which is capable of communicating a wireless communication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive the wireless communication signal from at least one other wireless communication unit. [0095] As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the use of the ordinal adjectives "first," "second," "third," etc., to describe a common object, merely indicates that different instances of like objects are being referred to and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.

[0096] The term "access point" (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station. An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, an evolved node B (eNodeB), an evolved node B (eNodeB), or some other similar terminology known in the art. An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art. Embodiments disclosed herein generally pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wireless networks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11 standards.

[0097] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an onboard device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non- vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio- video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

[0098] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a personal communication system (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable global positioning system (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a multiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, digital video broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi- standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like. [0099] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems following one or more wireless communication protocols, for example, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access (TDM A), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS), extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi- tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, ultra- wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3 GPP, long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices, systems, and/or networks.

[0100] The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

[0101] Example 1 may include a device comprising storage and processing circuitry configured to: determine a wake-up packet comprising a first preamble of one or more preambles; determine a data rate associated with a transmission of the wake-up packet; determine a sequence of bits, wherein the sequence of bits may be associated with the data rate; cause to embed the sequence of bits in the first preamble; and cause to send the wake-up packet to a first device.

[0102] Example 2 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the data rate may be a high data rate or a low data rate.

[0103] Example 3 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits, wherein the data rate may be a low data rate, and wherein the first sequence of bits and the second sequence of bits are orthogonal to each other.

[0104] Example 4 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits, wherein the data rate may be a high data rate, and wherein the first sequence of bits may be a repetition of the second sequence of bits.

[0105] Example 5 may include the device of example 4 and/or some other example herein, wherein a duration of the sequence of bits may be 128 microseconds.

[0106] Example 6 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein sequence of bits are based on at least one of Walsh codes, Baker Codes, or Hadamard Codes.

[0107] Example 7 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the sequence of bits may be a pseudo-random sequence.

[0108] Example 8 may include the device of example 5 and/or some other example herein, wherein the pseudo-random sequence may be associated with a first offset, wherein the first offset may be associated with a low data rate.

[0109] Example 9 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the sequence of bits may be comprised of at least 31 bits.

[0110] Example 10 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the long sequence may be associated with a second offset, wherein the second offset may be associated with a high data rate.

[0111] Example 11 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the sequence of bits may be associated with on-off keying (OOK).

[0112] Example 12 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

[0113] Example 13 may include the device of example 12 and/or some other example herein, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver.

[0114] Example 14 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions which when executed by one or more processors result in performing operations comprising: identifying a wake-up packet received from a device; identifying a sequence of bits in a preamble of the wake-up packet; identifying a data rate based on the sequence of bits; and causing to decode the wake-up packet based on the code rate.

[0115] Example 15 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 14 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise: determining the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits; determining the data rate may be a low data rate based on the second sequence of bits may be a duplicate of the first sequence of bits.

[0116] Example 16 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 14 and/or some other example herein, wherein the data rate may be a high data rate or a low data rate.

[0117] Example 17 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 14 and/or some other example herein, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits, wherein the first sequence of bits and the second sequence of bits are orthogonal to each other. [0118] Example 18 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 14 and/or some other example herein, wherein sequence of bits are based on at least one of Walsh codes, Baker Codes, or Hadamard Codes.

[0119] Example 19 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 14 and/or some other example herein, wherein the sequence of bits may be comprised of at least 31 bits.

[0120] Example 20 may include a method comprising: determining, by one or more processors, a wake-up packet comprising a first preamble of one or more preambles; determining a data rate associated with a transmission of the wake-up packet; determining a sequence of bits, wherein the sequence of bits may be associated with the data rate; causing to embed the sequence of bits in the first preamble ; and causing to send the wake-up packet to a first device.

[0121] Example 21 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, wherein the data rate may be a high data rate or a low data rate.

[0122] Example 22 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits, wherein the first sequence of bits and the second sequence of bits are orthogonal to each other.

[0123] Example 23 may include an apparatus comprising means for: identifying a wake- up packet received from a device; identifying a first sequence of bits in a preamble of the wake- up packet; determining a data rate based on the first sequence of bits; and causing to decode the wake-up packet based on the code rate.

[0124] Example 24 may include the apparatus of example 23 and/or some other example herein, wherein the data rate may be a high data rate or a low data rate.

[0125] Example 25 may include the apparatus of example 23 and/or some other example herein, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits, wherein the first sequence of bits and the second sequence of bits are orthogonal to each other.

[0126] Example 26 may include one or more non- transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-25, or any other method or process described herein. [0127] Example 27 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, and/or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-25, or any other method or process described herein.

[0128] Example 28 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-25, or portions or parts thereof.

[0129] Example 29 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-25, or portions thereof.

[0130] Example 30 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein.

[0131] Example 31 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

[0132] Example 32 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

[0133] Embodiments according to the invention are in particular disclosed in the attached claims directed to a method, a storage medium, a device and a computer program product, wherein any feature mentioned in one claim category, e.g., method, can be claimed in another claim category, e.g., system, as well. The dependencies or references back in the attached claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subject matter resulting from a deliberate reference back to any previous claims (in particular multiple dependencies) can be claimed as well, so that any combination of claims and the features thereof are disclosed and can be claimed regardless of the dependencies chosen in the attached claims. The subject- matter which can be claimed comprises not only the combinations of features as set out in the attached claims but also any other combination of features in the claims, wherein each feature mentioned in the claims can be combined with any other feature or combination of other features in the claims. Furthermore, any of the embodiments and features described or depicted herein can be claimed in a separate claim and/or in any combination with any embodiment or feature described or depicted herein or with any of the features of the attached claims.

[0134] The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments. [0135] Certain aspects of the disclosure are described above with reference to block and flow diagrams of systems, methods, apparatuses, and/or computer program products according to various implementations. It will be understood that one or more blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and the flow diagrams, respectively, may be implemented by computer-executable program instructions. Likewise, some blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams may not necessarily need to be performed in the order presented, or may not necessarily need to be performed at all, according to some implementations.

[0136] These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special- purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage media or memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage media produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks. As an example, certain implementations may provide for a computer program product, comprising a computer- readable storage medium having a computer-readable program code or program instructions implemented therein, said computer-readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.

[0137] Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions. [0138] Conditional language, such as, among others, "can," "could," "might," or "may," unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain implementations could include, while other implementations do not include, certain features, elements, and/or operations. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations are in any way required for one or more implementations or that one or more implementations necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to be performed in any particular implementation.

[0139] Many modifications and other implementations of the disclosure set forth herein will be apparent having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the specific implementations disclosed and that modifications and other implementations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A device, the device comprising storage and processing circuitry configured to:

determine a wake-up packet comprising a first preamble of one or more preambles;

determine a data rate associated with a transmission of the wake-up packet; determine a sequence of bits, wherein the sequence of bits is associated with the data rate;

cause to embed the sequence of bits in the first preamble; and cause to send the wake-up packet to a first device.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the data rate is a high data rate or a low data rate.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits, wherein the data rate is a low data rate, and wherein the first sequence of bits and the second sequence of bits are orthogonal to each other.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits, wherein the data rate is a high data rate, and wherein the first sequence of bits is a repetition of the second sequence of bits.

5. The device of claim 4, wherein a duration of the sequence of bits is 128 microseconds.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein sequence of bits are based on at least one of Walsh codes, Baker Codes, or Hadamard Codes.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the sequence of bits is a pseudo-random sequence.

8. The device of claim 5, wherein the pseudo-random sequence is associated with a first offset, wherein the first offset is associated with a low data rate.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the sequence of bits is comprised of at least 31 bits.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the long sequence is associated with a second offset, wherein the second offset is associated with a high data rate.

11. The device of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the sequence of bits is associated with on-off keying (OOK).

12. The device of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

13. The device of claim 12, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver.

14. A non- transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions which when executed by one or more processors result in performing operations comprising:

identifying a wake-up packet received from a device;

identifying a sequence of bits in a preamble of the wake-up packet;

identifying a data rate based on the sequence of bits; and

causing to decode the wake-up packet based on the code rate.

15. The non- transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:

determining the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits;

determining the data rate is a low data rate based on the second sequence of bits is a duplicate of the first sequence of bits.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the data rate is a high data rate or a low data rate.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of claims 14-16, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits, wherein the first sequence of bits and the second sequence of bits are orthogonal to each other.

18. The non- transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein sequence of bits are based on at least one of Walsh codes, Baker Codes, or Hadamard Codes.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the sequence of bits is comprised of at least 31 bits.

20. A method comprising:

determining, by one or more processors, a wake-up packet comprising a first preamble of one or more preambles;

determining a data rate associated with a transmission of the wake-up packet;

determining a sequence of bits, wherein the sequence of bits is associated with the data rate;

causing to embed the sequence of bits in the first preamble ; and causing to send the wake-up packet to a first device.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the data rate is a high data rate or a low data rate.

22. The method of any one of claims 20-21, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits, wherein the first sequence of bits and the second sequence of bits are orthogonal to each other.

23. An apparatus comprising means for:

identifying a wake-up packet received from a device;

identifying a first sequence of bits in a preamble of the wake-up packet;

determining a data rate based on the first sequence of bits; and

causing to decode the wake-up packet based on the code rate.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the data rate is a high data rate or a low data rate.

25. The apparatus of any one of claims 23-24, wherein the sequence of bits comprises a first sequence of bits and a second sequence of bits, wherein the first sequence of bits and the second sequence of bits are orthogonal to each other.