WO2019045708A1 - Procédés et systèmes pour le wi-fi nouvelle génération - Google Patents

Procédés et systèmes pour le wi-fi nouvelle génération Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019045708A1
WO2019045708A1 PCT/US2017/049475 US2017049475W WO2019045708A1 WO 2019045708 A1 WO2019045708 A1 WO 2019045708A1 US 2017049475 W US2017049475 W US 2017049475W WO 2019045708 A1 WO2019045708 A1 WO 2019045708A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
field
training field
long training
frame
preamble
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Application number
PCT/US2017/049475
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Xiaogang Chen
Laurent Cariou
Qinghua Li
Robert J. Stacey
Feng Jiang
Chittabrata GHOSH
Assaf Gurevitz
Original Assignee
Intel IP Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Intel IP Corporation filed Critical Intel IP Corporation
Priority to PCT/US2017/049475 priority Critical patent/WO2019045708A1/fr
Publication of WO2019045708A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019045708A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals

Definitions

  • Embodiments pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments relate to wireless local area networks (WLANs) and Wi-Fi networks including networks operating in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, such as the IEEE 802.11 ⁇ standard. Some embodiments relate to high-efficiency (HE) wireless or high-efficiency WLAN or Wi-Fi communications.
  • WLANs wireless local area networks
  • HE high-efficiency wireless or high-efficiency WLAN or Wi-Fi communications.
  • Wireless communications have been evolving toward ever increasing data rates (e.g., from IEEE 802.1. la/g to IEEE 802.1 1 ⁇ to IEEE 802.1 lac).
  • FCC Federal Communications Commission
  • the bands around 3.5 GHz or even 6GHz may become available.
  • legacy devices will not operate in these new bands, new frame designs may not be limited by legacy device requirements.
  • FIG. I is a block diagram of a radio architecture 100 in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates FEM circuitry 200 in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 illustrates radio IC circuitry 300 in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a functional block diagram of baseband processing circuitry 400 in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG 5 is an exemplary packet format for a single user transmission in accordance with at least some of the disclosed embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 is an exemplary packet format for a single user transmission in accordance with at least some of the disclosed embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 shows the packet format 500, and an embodiment including an HE SIGA field 508 using a Ix symbol duration.
  • FIG. 8 is an exemplary packet format for a multi-user transmission in accordance with at least some of the disclosed embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 is an exemplary packet format for a multi-user transmission in accordance with at least some of the disclosed embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.
  • FIG. 12 shows a format of an exemplary embodiment of a narrow band frame.
  • FIG. 13 shows a narrow band tone plan that may be utilized in some aspects with the frame format 200 illustrated in FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.
  • FIG. 15 is a graph showing a cross correlation of the disclosed long training field sequence.
  • the IEEE 802.1 lax and next generation WiFi standards support both single user and multi-user transmission.
  • the single user and multi-user packets may share a common portion.
  • at least portions of a frame preamble may be common between packets including data for multiple users and packets including data only for a single user.
  • a device receives a packet including the common portion, it may be unable to determine whether the packet is a multi-user packet or a single user packet.
  • the disclosed methods and systems propose a combination of preamble formats and methods of differentiating between a single user and multi-user message, while still meeting other goals associated with next generation Wi-Fi technologies.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a radio architecture 100 in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Radio architecture 100 may include radio front-end module (FEM) circuitry 104, radio IC circuitry 106 and baseband processing circuitry 108.
  • FEM radio front-end module
  • Radio architecture 100 as shown includes both Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) functionality and Bluetooth (BT) functionality although aspects of the disclosure are not so limited.
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • BT Bluetooth
  • FEM circuitry 104 may include a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuitry
  • the WLAN FEM circuitry 104A may include a receive signal path comprising circuitry configured to operate on WLAN RF signals received from one or more antennas 101 , to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the WLAN radio IC circuitry 106 A for further processing.
  • the BT FEM circuitry 104B may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry configured to operate on BT RF signals received from one or more antennas 101 , to amplify the received signals and to provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the BT radio IC circuitry 106B for further processing.
  • FEM circuitry 104 A may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify WLAN signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 06 A for wireless transmission by one or more of the antennas 101.
  • FEM circuitry 104B may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry configured to amplify BT signals provided by the radio IC circuitry 106B for wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 101.
  • FIG. 1 In the example of FIG.
  • FEM 104 A and FEM 104B are shown as being distinct from one another, aspects of the present disclosure are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of an FEM (not shown) that includes a transmit path and/or a receive path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more FEM circuitries where at least some of the FEM circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.
  • Radio IC circuitry 106 as shown may include WLAN radio IC circuitry 106A and BT radio IC circuitry 106B,
  • the WLAN radio IC circuitry 106 A may include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down-convert WLAN RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 104 A and provide baseband signals to WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108 A.
  • BT radio IC circuitry 106B may in turn include a receive signal path which may include circuitry to down- convert BT RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 104B and provide baseband signals to BT baseband processing circuitry 108B.
  • WLAN radio IC circuitry 106 A may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert WLAN baseband signals provided by the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108 A and provide WLAN RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 104 A for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 101.
  • BT radio IC circuitry 10613 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitry to up-convert BT baseband signals provided by the BT baseband processing circuitry 108B and provide BT RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 104B for subsequent wireless transmission by the one or more antennas 101.
  • radio IC circuitries 106 A and 106B are shown as being distinct from one another, aspects of the present disclosure are not so limited, and include within their scope the use of a radio IC circuitry (not shown) that includes a transmit signal path and/or a receive signal path for both WLAN and BT signals, or the use of one or more radio IC circuitries where at least some of the radio IC circuitries share transmit and/or receive signal paths for both WLAN and BT signals.
  • the radio IC circuitry 106 can include one or more divider-less fractional phase locked loops (PLLs) for generating fractional frequency signals, such as signals with frequencies that are a fraction of a frequency of a reference signal.
  • PLLs phase locked loops
  • Baseband processing circuity 108 may include a WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108 A and a BT baseband processing circuitry 108B.
  • the WLAN baseband processing circuitry 108A may include a memory, such as, for example, a set of RAM arrays in a Fast
  • Each of the WLAN baseband circuitry 108 A and the BT baseband circuitry 108B may further include one or more processors and control logic to process the signals received from the corresponding WLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 106, and to also generate corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signals for the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 106.
  • Each of the baseband processing circuitries 108 A and 108B may further include physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry, and may further interface with application processor 1 10 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the radio IC circuitry 106.
  • PHY physical layer
  • MAC medium access control layer
  • WLAN-BT coexistence circuitry 113 may include logic providing an interface between the WLAN baseband circuitry 108 A and the BT baseband circuitry 108B to enable use cases requiring WLAN and BT coexistence.
  • a switch 103 may be provided between the WLAN FEM circuitry 104 A and the BT FEM circuitry 104B to allow switching between the WLAN and BT radios according to application needs.
  • the antennas 101 are depicted as being respectively connected to the WLAN FEM circuitry 104 A and the BT FEM circuitry 104B, aspects of the present disclosure include within their scope the sharing of one or more antennas as between the WLAN and BT FEMs, or the provision of more than one antenna connected to each of FEM 104 A or 104B.
  • the front-end module circuitry 104, the radio IC circuitry 106, and baseband processing circuitry 108 may be provided on a single radio card, such as wireless radio card 102,
  • the one or more antennas 101, the FEM circuitry 104 and the radio IC circuitry 106 may be provided on a single radio card.
  • the radio IC circuitry 106 and the baseband processing circuitry 108 may be provided on a single chip or integrated circuit (IC), such as IC 112.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to receive and transmit orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication signals over a multicarrier communication channel.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexed
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • radio architecture 100 may be part of a Wi-Fi communication station (ST A) such as a wireless access point (AP), a base station or a mobile device including a Wi-Fi device.
  • radio architecture 100 may be configured to transmit and receive signals in accordance with specific communication standards and/or protocols, such as any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards including, IEEE 802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.1 1-2016, IEEE 802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.1 lac, and/or IEEE 802.11 ax standards and/or proposed specifications for WLANs, although the scope of aspects of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
  • Radio architecture 100 may also be suitable to transmit and/or receive communications in accordance with other techniques and standards.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured for high-efficiency (HE) Wi-Fi (HEW) communications in accordance with the IEEE 802.1 lax standard.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to communicate in accordance with an OFDMA technique, although the scope of the aspects of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques such as spread spectrum modulation (e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time-division multiplexing (TDM) modulation, and/or frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) modulation, although the scope of the aspects of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
  • spread spectrum modulation e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)
  • TDM time-division multiplexing
  • FDM frequency-division multiplexing
  • the BT baseband circuitry 108B may be compliant with a
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to establish a BT synchronous connection oriented (SCO) link and/or a BT low energy (BT LE) link.
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured to establish an extended SCO (eSCO) link for BT communications, although the scope of the aspects of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
  • the radio architecture may be configured to engage in a BT Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) communications, although the scope of the aspects of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
  • ACL Asynchronous Connection-Less
  • the functions of a BT radio card and WLAN radio card may be combined on a single wireless radio card, such as single wireless radio card 102, although aspects of the present disclosure are not so limited, and include within their scope discrete
  • the radio-architecture [0032] In some aspects of the present disclosure, the radio-architecture
  • radio cards 100 may include other radio cards, such as a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 3 GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 5G communications).
  • a cellular radio card configured for cellular (e.g., 3 GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 5G communications).
  • the radio architecture 100 may be configured for communication over various channel bandwidths including bandwidths having center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and bandwidths of about 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 2,5 MHz, 4 MHz, 5MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 16 MHz, 20 MHz,
  • a 320 MHz channel bandwidth may be used.
  • the scope of the aspects of the present disclosure is not limited with respect to the above center frequencies however,
  • FIG. 2 illustrates FEM circuitry 200 in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the FEM circuitry 200 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN and/or BT FEM circuitry 104A/104B (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the FEM circuitry 200 may include a TX/RX switch 202 to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation.
  • the FEM circuitry 200 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 206 to amplify received RF signals 203 and provide the amplified received RF signals 207 as an output (e.g., to the radio IC circuitry 106 (FIG. 1)).
  • LNA low-noise amplifier
  • the transmit signal path of the circuitry 200 may include a power amplifier (PA) 210 to amplify input RF signals 209 (e.g., provided by the radio IC circuitry 106), and one or more filters 212, such as bandpass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters, to generate RF signals 215 for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the antennas 101 (FIG. 1)).
  • PA power amplifier
  • filters 212 such as bandpass filters (BPFs), low-pass filters (LPFs) or other types of filters
  • the FEM circuitry 200 may be configured to operate in either the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum or the 5 GHz frequency spectrum.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may include a receive signal path duplexer 204 to separate the signals from each spectrum as well as provide a separate LNA 206 for each spectrum as shown.
  • the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 200 may also include a power amplifier 210 and a filter 212, such as a BPF, a LPF or another type of filter for each frequency spectrum and a transmit signal path duplexer 214 to provide the signals of one of the different spectrums onto a single transmit path for subsequent transmission by the one or more of the antennas 101 (FIG. 1).
  • BT communications may utilize the 2.4 GHZ signal paths and may utilize the same FEM circuitry
  • FIG. 3 illustrates radio IC circuitry 300 in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the radio IC circuitry 300 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the WLAN or BT radio IC circuitry 106A/106B (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the radio IC circuitry 300 may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the radio IC circuitry 300 may include at least mixer circuitry 302, such as, for example, down-conversion mixer circuitry, amplifier circuitry 306 and filter circuitry 308.
  • the transmit signal path of the radio IC circuitry 300 may include at least filter circuitry 312 and mixer circuitry 314, such as, for example, up- conversion mixer circuitry.
  • Radio IC circuitry 300 may also include synthesizer circuitry 304 for synthesizing a frequency 305 for use by the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and/or 314 may each, according to some aspects of the present disclosure, be configured to provide direct conversion functionality.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates only a simplified version of a radio IC circuitry, and may include, although not- shown, aspects of the present disclosure where each of the depicted circuitries may include more than one component.
  • mixer circuitry 302 and/or 314 may each include one or more mixers
  • filter circuitries 308 and/or 312 may each include one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and/or LPFs according to application needs.
  • mixer circuitries when mixer circuitries are of the direct-conversion type, they may each include two or more mixers.
  • mixer circuitry 302 may be configured to down-convert RF signals 207 received from the FEM circuitry 104 (FIG. 1) based on the synthesized frequency 305 provided by synthesizer circuitry 304.
  • the amplifier circuitry 306 may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 308 may include a LPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals 307.
  • Output baseband signals 307 may be provided to the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1) for further processing.
  • the output baseband signals 307 may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a requirement.
  • mixer circuitry 302 may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the aspects of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 314 may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals 31 1 based on the synthesized frequency 305 provided by the synthesizer circuitry 304 to generate RF output signals 209 for the FEM circuitry 104.
  • the baseband signals 311 may be provided by the baseband processing circuitry 108 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 312.
  • the filter circuitry 312 may include a LPF or a BPF, although the scope of the aspects of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may each include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature down-conversion and/or up-conversion respectively with the help of synthesizer 304.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may each include two or more mixers each configured for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection).
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may be arranged for direct down-conversion and/or direct up-conversion, respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry 302 and the mixer circuitry 314 may be configured for superheterodyne operation, although this is not a requirement.
  • Mixer circuitry 302 may comprise, according to one embodiment: quadrature passive mixers (e.g., for the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) paths).
  • RF input signal 207 from Fig. 3 may be down-converted to provide I and Q baseband output signals to be sent to the baseband processor
  • Quadrature passive mixers may be driven by zero and ninety- degree time- varying LO switching signals provided by a quadrature circuitry which may be configured to receive a LO frequency (fl.O) from a local oscillator or a synthesizer, such as LO frequency 305 of synthesizer 304 (FIG. 3).
  • the LO frequency may be the carrier frequency
  • the LO frequency may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency), generated by, e.g., fractional PLL circuitry.
  • the zero and ninety-degree time- varying switching signals may be generated by the synthesizer, although the scope of the aspects of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
  • the LO signals may differ in duty cycle (the percentage of one period in which the LO signal is high) and/or offset (the difference between start points of the period). In some aspects of the present disclosure, the LO signals may have a 25% duty cycle and a 50% offset. In some aspects of the present disclosure, each branch of the mixer circuitry (e.g., the in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) path) may operate at a 25% duty cycle, which may result in a significant reduction is power consumption ,
  • the RF input signal 207 may comprise a balanced signal, although the scope of the aspects of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
  • the I and Q baseband output signals may be provided to low-nose amplifier, such as amplifier circuitry 306 (FIG. 3) or to filter circuitry 308 (FIG. 3).
  • the output baseband signals 307 and the input baseband signals 311 may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the aspects of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
  • the output baseband signals 307 and the input baseband signals 31 1 may be digital baseband signals.
  • the radio IC circuitry may include analog-to- digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry.
  • a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, or for other spectrum s not mentioned here, although the scope of the aspects of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect,
  • the synthesizer circuitry [0048] in some aspects of the present disclosure, the synthesizer circuitry
  • synthesizer circuitry 304 may be a fractional -N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+l synthesizer, although the scope of the aspects of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
  • synthesizer circuitry 304 may be a delta- sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 304 may include digital synthesizer circuitry.
  • An advantage of using a digital synthesizer circuitry is that, although it may still include some analog components, its footprint may be scaled down much more than the footprint of an analog synthesizer circuitry.
  • frequency input into synthesizer circuity 304 may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement.
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillator
  • a divider control input may further be provided by either the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1) or the application processor 1 10 (FIG. I) depending on the desired output frequency 305.
  • a divider control input e.g.,
  • N may be determined from a look-up table (e.g., within a Wi-Fi card) based on a channel number and a channel center frequency as determined or indicated by the application processor 110.
  • synthesizer circuitry 304 may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency 305, while in other aspects of the present disclosure, the output frequency 305 may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., one-half the carrier frequency, one-third the carrier frequency)- In some aspects of the present disclosure, the output frequency 305 may be a LO frequency (fLO).
  • fLO LO frequency
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a functional block diagram of baseband processing circuitry 400 in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 is one example of circuitry that may be suitable for use as the baseband processing circuitry 108 (FIG. 1), although other circuitry configurations may also be suitable.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may include a receive baseband processor (RX BBP) 402 for processing receive baseband signals 309 provided by the radio IC circuitry 106 (FIG. 1) and a transmit baseband processor (TX BBP) 404 for generating transmit baseband signals 31 for the radio IC circuitry 106.
  • RX BBP receive baseband processor
  • TX BBP transmit baseband processor
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may also include control logic 406 for coordinating the operations of the baseband processing circuitry 400.
  • the baseband processing circuitry 400 may include ADC 410 to convert analog baseband signals received from the radio IC circuitry 106 to digital baseband signals for processing by the RX BBP 402, In these aspects of the present disclosure, the baseband processing circuitry 400 may also include DAC 412 to convert digital baseband signals from the TX BBP 404 to analog baseband signals.
  • the transmit baseband processor 404 may be configured to generate OFDM or OFDM A signals as appropriate for transmission by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).
  • IFFT inverse fast Fourier transform
  • the receive baseband processor 402 may be configured to process received OFDM signals or OFDMA signals by performing an FFT.
  • the receive baseband processor 402 may be configured to detect the presence of an OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing an autocorrelation, to detect a preamble, such as a short preamble, and by performing a cross-correlation, to detect a long preamble.
  • the preambles may be part of a predetermined frame staicture for Wi-Fi communication.
  • the antennas 101 may each comprise one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the antennas may be effectively separated to take advantage of spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result.
  • Antennas 101 may each include a set of phased-array antennas, although aspects of the present disclosure are not so limited.
  • radio-architecture 100 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, one or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • some elements may comprise one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • the disclosed methods and systems provide for the transmission and reception of packets utilizing, in some aspects, the 802.11 ⁇ greenfield mode.
  • one or more of the packets transmitted or received by the disclosed methods and systems may include one or more greenfield mode fields, such as a greenfield short training field, and/or a greenfield long training field.
  • data encoded using a greenfield format may be encoded such that the transmitted data is shorter than if the data was encoded utilizing a different transmission mode.
  • the disclosed methods and systems may utilize differing packet formats for single user and multi-user transmission.
  • the packet formats may differ, in some aspects, several of the initial fields of the disclosed single user and multi-user packet formats may share one or more fields located at the beginning portion of the preamble. Thus, as these packets are received by a receiving device, the receiving device may he unable to determine, while receiving the common portion, whether the packet is a single user or multi-user packet.
  • the format type of the packet may encoded in a high efficiency signal A field included in a common position in both the single user and multi-user packet.
  • the high efficiency signal A field may include one or more bits indicating whether the packet is a single user or a multi-user packet.
  • the receiving device may decode this portion of the packet to determine whether the received packet is a single user or a multi-user packet. Further decoding of the packet may then be based on this determination.
  • communication of whether the packet is a single user packet or a multiuser packet may be encoded by a relative polarity of two fields in the common portion of the packet formats. For example, in some aspects, if a polarity of two of the fields is equivalent, the packet may be a single user packet, while differing polarities indicate a multi-user packet. In alternative embodiments, the meaning of the relative polarity may be switched from that described above (same polarity indicating multi-user packet, etc).
  • FIG 5 is an exemplary packet format for a single user transmission in accordance with at least some of the disclosed embodiments.
  • the packet format 500 includes a preamble 501 and a data portion or payload 512.
  • the preamble 501 includes a greenfield short training field (GF-STF) 502, a high efficiency long training field (HE-LTF) 504, a second high efficiency long training field (R-HE- LTF) 506, a high efficiency signal A field (HE-SIGA) 508, and an optional high efficiency long training field (FIE-LTF) 510.
  • GGF-STF greenfield short training field
  • HE-LTF high efficiency long training field
  • R-HE- LTF second high efficiency long training field
  • FIE-LTF optional high efficiency long training field
  • the GF-STF 502 may be utilized for automatic gain control (AGC) setting, packet detection, DC offset estimation, course timing, and/or frequency correction.
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • the GF-STF 502 may be 8 microseconds in length.
  • the GF-STF 502 may have a longer duration. A longer duration for the GF-STF 502 may be valuable in providing more robust performance, especially in marginal radio environments.
  • the greenfield short training field (GF-STF) 502 may be BPSK modulated at 6 Mbps.
  • the GF-STF 502 may not include channel coding, and may not be scrambled in some aspects.
  • a greenfield waveform encoding the short training field 502 may have a period of .8 microseconds, and include ten (10) such periods, with a total duration of 8 microseconds.
  • greenfield OFDM symbols transmitted at 20 MHz are assigned to subcarriers -24, -20, -16, -12, -8, -4, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24,
  • greenfield OFDM symbols transmitted at 40 MHz are assigned to subcarriers -58 to -2 and 2 to 58.
  • Tones in the upper sub-channel may be phase rotated by 90 degrees.
  • the 90-degree rotation may provide for a peak-to- average-power-ratio (PAPR) of the short training field in 40 MHz comparable to that in 20 Mhz.
  • PAPR peak-to- average-power-ratio
  • the GF-STF 502, HE-LTF 504, and R-HE-LTF 506 may provide channel estimation for the packet format 500. Furthermore, the channel estimation provided by these three fields may be utilized by a receiving device for decoding the HE-SIGA field 508.
  • a HE-LTF mode e.g. lx/2x/4x symbol duration
  • a guard interval (GI) length may be fixed and known in advance by a receiving device.
  • the HE-LTF field 510 may be omitted from the packet format 500. In other aspects, the HE-LTF field 510 may provide channel estimation for receiving of the data field 512. In some aspects, the GF-STF field 502, HE-LTF field 504, and R-HE-LTF field 506 may also be utilized for estimating the channel for the data 512. In other aspects, channel estimation for the data 512 may be performed independently of the GF- STF field 502, HE-LTF field 504, and R-HE-LTF field 506.
  • the design of the packet format 500 provides for a receiving device to decode the HE-SIGA field 508, and utilize the HE-SIGA field 508 to determine whether there are additional long training fields following the HE-SIGA field based on the HE-SIGA field itself.
  • the HE-SIGA field 508 may utilize a 4x symbol duration.
  • modulated constellations may be repeated multiple times. This may improve the robustness of transmission/reception of the HE-SIGA field 508. For example, in some aspects, 52 modulated constellations may be repeated.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates that the HE-SIGA field 508 may include an indicator 520.
  • the indicator 520 may include one or more bits or symbols with the HE-SIGA field 508.
  • the indicator may indicate whether the packet including the HE-SIGA field 508 is a single user packet or a multi-user packet. For example, in some aspects, a portion of the fields in the format 500 may be shared with other packet formats, disclosed herein.
  • the indicator 520 may provide an indication of how fields following the HE-SIGA field should be processed. For example, the indicator 520 may indicate whether the fields following the field 520 follow the packet format 500 or a different format, such as any of packet formats 800 or 900, disclosed below.
  • the indicator 520 may indicate whether the frame is a multi-user frame or a single user frame by the indicator 520 having one of at least two predetermined values, A first predetermined value may indicate the packet is a single user packet while a second predetermined value may indicate the packet is a multiuser packet.
  • FIG. 6 is an exemplary packet format for a single user transmission in accordance with at least some of the disclosed embodiments.
  • the packet format 600 includes preamble 601 and a data portion or payload 612.
  • the preamble includes a greenfield short training field (GF-STF) 602, a greenfield long training field (GF-LTF) 604, a second greenfield long training field ( -GF-LTF) 606, a high efficiency signal A field (HE-SIGA) 608, and a high efficiency long training field (HE-LTF) 610
  • Packet format 600 utilizes the GF-LTF 604 and R-GF-LTF 606 to provide channel estimation for detection of the HE-SIGA field 608, Because the HE-LTF 612 follows the HE-SIGA field 608 in the packet format 600, the HE-SIGA field 608 may configure a symbol duration and/or guard interval for the HE-LTF field 612.
  • the configuration of the GF-LTF 604 and GF-LTF 606 are fixed.
  • the GF-LTF 604 and GF-LTF 606 may utilize a Ix symbol duration and a guard interval of 0.8 microseconds.
  • the GF-LTF 604 and G-LTF 606 may utilize a 4x symbol duration.
  • the HE-SIGA field 608 may utilize a Ix symbol duration. In some other aspects, the HE-SIGA field 608 may utilize a 4x symbol duration.
  • the HE-SIGA field 608 may signal whether the packet is a multi-user or single user packet.
  • some packet formats discussed below may include fields similar to that of packet format 600, such that a receiving device may be unable to differentiate between the different packet formats.
  • a receiving device may be better able to determine a format of a packet being received, and to decode the packet according to the determined format.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates that the HE-SIGA field 608 may include an indicator 620.
  • the indicator may be comprised of one or more symbols or bits within the HE-SIGA field 608.
  • the indicator may indicate whether the packet including the HE-SIGA field 608 is a single user packet or a multi-user packet. For example, in some aspects, a portion of the fields 602-608 in the format 600 may be shared with other packet formats, disclosed herein.
  • the indicator 620 may provide an indication, for example, via a predetermined value, of how fields following the HE-SIGA field should be processed.
  • the indicator 620 may indicate whether the fields following the field 620 follow the packet format 600 (via a first predetermined value) or a different format (via other predetermined value(s)), such as any of packet formats 800 or 900, disclosed below.
  • the indicator 620 may indicate whether the frame is a multi-user frame or a single user frame by the indicator 620 having one of at least two predetermined values.
  • a first predetermined value may indicate the packet is a single user packet while a second predetermined value may indicate the packet is a multi-user packet.
  • FIG. 7 shows the packet format 500, and an embodiment including an HE SIGA field 508 using a Ix symbol duration.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates that modulated constellations in one or more symbols of the HE-SIGA field 508 field are mapped to 4th data tones in a transmission frequency band.
  • a tone index of -104 may be mapped to tone index -100, -96, -92, -88, -84, -80, -76, -72, -68, -64, -60, -56, -52, -48, -44, -40, -36, -32, -28, -24, -20, -16, -12, -8, -4, 4, etc.
  • a transmitting device of a packet conforming with packet format 500 may utilize a single copy of a mapped tone in the time domain waveform to obtain a Ix symbol duration for the HE-SIGA.
  • FIG. 8 is an exemplary packet format for a multi-user transmission in accordance with at least some of the disclosed embodiments.
  • the packet format 800 includes a preamble 801 and a data portion or payload 816.
  • greenfield short training field (GS-STF) 802 a greenfield long training field (GS-LTF) 804, a second greenfield long training field (R-GS-LTF) 806, a high efficiency signal A field 808, a high efficiency signal B field 810, a high efficiency short training field 812, and a high efficiency long training field 814.
  • GS-STF greenfield short training field
  • GS-LTF greenfield long training field
  • R-GS-LTF second greenfield long training field
  • the packet format 800 may be utilized for multi-user transmissions, multiple device may be addressed by a packet conforming to the packet format 800. As such, these multiple addressed devices may also decode data from the packet format 800. Thus, these multiple devices may be decoding the HE-SIGA field 808 and the HE-SIGB field 810, For at least this reason, the HE-SIGA field 808 and the HE-SIGB field 810 may not be beam formed in the embodiment of packet format 800.
  • the greenfield short training field (GS-STF) 802, greenfield long training field (GS-LTF) 804, and second greenfield long training field (R-GS-LTF) 806 are provided to train the channel for reception of the HE-SIGA field 808 and HE-SIGB field 810.
  • the HE-STF 812 may be provided after the HE-SIGB field 810 to provide for automatic gain control.
  • the automatic gain control may be utilized by a receiving device when beamforming is applied to the high efficiency portion of the packet format 800, In other words, in some aspects, a receiving device may adjust its automatic gain control when receiving a packet having the packet format 800 based on the HE-STF 8 2.
  • the HE-LTF field 814 may provide for channel estimation to facilitate reception of data portion or payload 816. In some aspects, the HE-LTF field 814 may not be utilized for channel estimation for receiving the preceding HE-SIGA and HE-SIGB.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates that the HE-SIGA field 808 may include an indicator 820.
  • the indicator 820 may include one or more symbols or bits.
  • the indicator 820 may indicate whether the packet including the HE-SIGA field 808 is a single user packet or a multi-user packet. For example, in some aspects, a portion of the fields 802-808 of the format 800 may be shared with other packet formats, disclosed herein.
  • the indicator 820 may provide an indication of how fields following the HE-SIGA field should be processed. For example, the indicator 820 may indicate, for example via a predetermined value, whether the fields following the field 820 follow the packet format 800 or a different format, such as any of packet formats 500 or 600, disclosed above.
  • the indicator 820 may indicate whether the frame is a multi-user frame or a single user frame by the indicator 820 having one of at least two predetermined values.
  • a first predetermined value may indicate the packet is a single user packet while a second predetermined value may indicate the packet is a multi-user packet.
  • FIG. 9 is an exemplary packet format for a multi-user transmission in accordance with at least some of the disclosed embodiments.
  • the packet format 900 includes a preamble 901 and a data portion or payload 914.
  • the preamble 901 includes a greenfield short training field (GS-STF) 902, a greenfield long training field (GS- LTF) 904, a second greenfield long training field (R-GS-LTF) 906, a high efficiency signal A field 908, a high efficiency signal B field 910, a high efficiency short training field 912, and a high efficiency long training field 914.
  • GS-STF greenfield short training field
  • GS- LTF greenfield long training field
  • R-GS-LTF second greenfield long training field
  • the packet format 900 may be utilized for a full bandwidth multi-user transmission.
  • the HE-SIGA field 908 may signal whether the packet is of the format 600 or of the format 900.
  • the HE-SIGA (608 and 908) may signal (e.g.
  • indicator 620/920 which may include one or more symbols or bits
  • the packet is a single user packet and thus does not include a HE-SIGB field (as is the case with packet format 600), or if the packet is for a multi-user transmission and therefore includes an HE-SIGB field, as in HE-SIGB field 810 of packet format 800 and HE-SIGB field 910 of packet format 900.
  • the relative polarity of the two long training fields may be used to determine whether the packet is a single user packet or a multi-user packet. For example, in some aspects, if the polarities of GF-LTF 904 and R-GF-LTF 906 are equivalent, then the packet being received is of the format 600 (i.e. it is a single-user packet format). If the polarities of GF-LTF 904 and R-GF-LTF 906 are equivalent, then the packet being received is of the format 600 (i.e. it is a single-user packet format). If the polarities of
  • GF-LTF 904 and R-GF-LTF 906 are different, then the packet being received is of packet format 900.
  • the relationship between polarities and format may be reversed from the example above.
  • packet format 500 utilizes high efficiency training fields 504 and 506, while packet formats 800 and 900 utilize greenfield training fields 804, 806, and 904, 906.
  • an equivalent time duration may be utilized for the respective preambles before the HE-SIGA field (508 in packet format 500, 808 in packet format 800, and 908 in packet format 900).
  • determination of oo whether a received packet is of format 500 or format 800 or 900 may be based on relative polarities of two or more of the fields of the preambles discussed above.
  • the received packet is for a multi-user transmission, and thus, is either of format 800 or 900. If the polarities of HE-LTF 504 and R-HE-LTF 506 are different, then the received packet is a single user packet, and may conform to packet format 500. Differentiating between packet formats 800 and 900 may be provided by in indicator of the packet format in the HE-SIGA fields 808 and/or 908.
  • one or more symbols or bits of the HE- SIGA fields 808 and/or 908 may indicate whether the packet format is a particular format of any combination of packet formats 500, 600, 800, and 900.
  • a first predetermined value may indicate the packet is format 500
  • a second predetermined value may indicate the packet is format 600
  • a third predetermined value may indicate the packet format is format 800
  • a fourth packet format may indicate the packet is format 900.
  • up to four formats one of skill would understand that two or more bits of data will be needed for the indicator, while indicating two formats may require only a single bit in some aspects.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.
  • process 1000 discussed below with respect to FIG. 10 may be encoded as instructions within the control logic 406, discussed above with respect to FIG. 4.
  • the control logic 406 may configure one or more of the RX baseband processor 402 and/or the TX baseband processor 404 to perform one or more of the functions discussed below with respect to process 1000.
  • one or more of the functions discussed below may be stored in an electronic hardware memory, and configure an electronic hardware processor to perform one or more of the functions discussed below.
  • one or more of the functions discussed below with respect to FIG. 10 may be performed by the application processor 1 10.
  • block 1005 a preamble is encoded.
  • the preamble may be encoded to include a greenfield short training field, a first long training field and a second long training field.
  • the preamble may be further encoded to include a high efficiency signal A field (HE-SIGA) following the short training field and the first and second long training fields.
  • HE-SIGA high efficiency signal A field
  • the preamble may be encoded in accordance with one of the packet formats 500, 600, 800, or 900, discussed above.
  • encoding the preamble may include allocating or identifying a portion of memory sized to accommodate the preamble and initializing memory values of the allocated memory in accordance with one of frame packet formats 500, 600, 800, or 900, with respect to the greenfield short training field, the first long training field and the second long training field.
  • the first and second long training fields are greenfield long training fields. In some other aspects, the first and second long training fields are high throughput long training fields.
  • the short training field and long training fields may be encoded in the preamble to provide for channel estimation for a device receiving the preamble.
  • the short training fields and first and second long training fields may be encoded to provide channel estimation for the HE-SIGA field.
  • the HE-SIGA field may be encoded to have a Ix or a 4x symbol duration.
  • the field may be encoded by mapping modulated constellations in each symbol of the high efficiency signal A field to every 4th data tone, wherein a transmission of the high efficiency signal A field utilizes a first tone of every four tones.
  • the HE-SIGA field may be encoded as discussed above with respect to FIG. 7.
  • the HE-SIGA field may be encoded by repeating modulated constellations in groups of four tone sets where in some aspects, each set is one copy of the modulated constellations.
  • block 1005 may encode the first and second long training fields to have polarities based on whether the preamble is included in a single user format frame (e.g. a frame conforming to formats 500 or 600) or a multi-user format frame (e.g. a frame conforming to formats 800 or 900).
  • the first and second long training fields may be encoded to have equivalent polarities in a multi-user frame, and to have different polarities in a single user frame.
  • equivalent polarities may indicate a single user frame and differing polarities may indicate a multi-user frame.
  • the encoding of the relative priorities of the first and second long training fields may be done in the time domain.
  • Some aspects of block 1005 may encode the preamble to include a third long training field positioned after the HE-SIGA field.
  • the inclusion of the third long training field may be in response to a determination that the preamble is included in a frame encoding multiple data streams.
  • the third long training field may enable a receiving device to perform channel estimation for the multiple data streams included in the frame.
  • the third long training field is encoded to provide channel estimation in conjunction with the first and second long training fields.
  • the three long training fields may all be of a fixed configuration in this embodiment, and may provide channel estimation for the HE-SIGA field and, in some aspects, for data included in the frame (discussed below).
  • the third training field may be encoded to provide a second channel estimation independent of the first channel estimation discussed above that may be encoded by a receiving device based on the first and second long training fields (and the short training field), and utilized to receive/decode the HE-SIGA field.
  • the preamble may be encoded to include a high-efficiency signal B field (HE-SIGB).
  • the HE-SIGB field may be encoded to indicate a guard interval length and a symbol duration for the third long training field.
  • the HE-SIGB field may be encoded to include multi-user transmission parameters for a multi-user communication included in the frame.
  • the HE-SIGB may define spatial channel assignments for each user, and which users are participating in the multi-user transmission (e.g. via the identification of association identifiers (AIDs) and/or station addresses of the participating users/devices).
  • the preamble is encoded to include a high efficiency short training field after the HE-SIGB field.
  • This high efficiency short training field may be encoded to provide automatic gain control for a receiving device. This automatic gain control may be useful when the frame is transmitted using beamforming to multiple users.
  • a frame is encoded including the preamble and frame data.
  • Frame data may be in accordance with any of the data fields 512, 612, 816, or 914, discussed above.
  • Encoding the frame may include identifying a portion of memory to store values present in the data field, and associating the data field with the preamble field.
  • the frame is transmitted over a wireless network.
  • Transmitting the frame over a wireless network may include signaling a transmitter, such as the TX baseband processor 404 discussed above with respect to FIG. 4, that the frame is ready for transmission, and providing one or more memory addresses or pointers to the memory discussed above storing the initialized frame.
  • block 1015 may be performed by the TX baseband processor 404.
  • FIG. 1 1 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.
  • process 1 100 discussed below with respect to FIG. 1 1 may be encoded as instructions within the control logic 406, discussed above with respect to FIG. 4.
  • the control logic 406 may configure one or more of the X baseband processor 402 and/or the TX baseband processor 404 to perform one or more of the functions discussed below with respect to process 1100.
  • one or more of the functions discussed below may be stored in an electronic hardware memory, and configure an electronic hardware processor or circuitry to perform one or more of the functions discussed below.
  • one or more of the functions discussed below with respect to FIG. 1 may be performed by the application processor 1 0.
  • a frame preamble is received.
  • the preamble may be received from a wireless network.
  • Receiving the preamble may include identifying a portion of electronic memory to receive the preamble, and indicating to a receiver the location. For example, in some aspects, an address of the identified portion of memory may be provided to the receiver. After the receiver copies the received preamble into the memory location, the receiver may notify an electronic hardware processor that the receiver operation is complete, for example via an interrupt or other asynchronous signaling mechanism.
  • block 1105 also includes receiving a data portion of the frame.
  • block 1105 may be performed by the RX baseband processor 402.
  • block 1 105 may be performed by the application processor 1 10.
  • the preamble is decoded to identify a greenfield short training field, a first long training field and a second long training field.
  • the first and second long training fields are decoded as high efficiency long training fields.
  • the first and second long training fields as decoded as greenfield long training fields.
  • the preamble is decoded to identify a high efficiency signal A (HE-SIGA field) based on the greenfield short training field the first long training field and the second long training field.
  • a channel estimation may be performed using the greenfield short training field the first long training field and the second long training field.
  • the HE-SIGA field may then be received based on the channel estimation,
  • the polarities of the first and second long training fields may be compared. In some of these aspects, the comparison may be performed in the time domain. If the polarities are equivalent, process 1100 may determine that the received frame is a multi-user frame. If the polarities are different process 1100 may determine the frame is a single user frame.
  • the HE-SIGA field may provide an indication as to whether the received frame is a single user frame or a multi-user frame. For example, in some aspects, one or more symbols or bits of the HE-SIGA field may indicate, via a first predetermined value, that the frame includes a multi-user transmission. In these aspects, a second predetermined value may indicate the frame includes a single user transmission. The determination of multi-user or single user may determine a format of portions of the frame following the HE-
  • the HE-SIGA field may have a Ix or a 4x symbol duration.
  • modulated constellations may be decoded from HE-SIGA symbols based on a first tone of every 4th tone in the HE-SIGA field.
  • modulated constellations may be decoded in groups of four tones within the HE-SIGA field, and error detection on the HE-SIGA field may be performed based on the groups of four tones.
  • decoding the data may include interpreting signals within the high throughput signal A field and the data to determine bit values for the data.
  • the HE-SIGA field may be decoded to determine a guard interval length and/or a symbol duration.
  • the preamble may then be further decoded to identify a third long training field based on one or more of the guard interval length and symbol duration.
  • the third long training field may be utilized to perform a second channel estimation. Frame data following the preamble may then be decoded based on the second channel estimation.
  • a configuration of the third training field may be fixed.
  • the HE-SIGA field does not provide information on the third long training field.
  • the first, second, and third training fields may be used for a single channel estimation, the single channel estimation utilized to decode the data following the preamble.
  • the third training field is utilized when decoding multiple streams from the received frame.
  • a high efficiency signal B field may be decoded from the frame.
  • a HE-SIGB field may be present in the multi-user frames.
  • the HE-SIGB field may be decoded from the frame per one of the multi-user packet formats 800 or 900 discussed above.
  • a high efficiency short training field may be decoded from the preamble in a position after the high efficiency signal B field.
  • the high efficiency short training field may be utilized for automatic gain control (AGC).
  • the AGC may be applied when the data following the preamble is beamformed.
  • the third long training field may be a high efficiency long training field.
  • This third training field may be beamformed, in addition to the data following the preamble.
  • the AGC enabled by the HE-STF may facilitate proper decoding of the beamformed high efficiency information included in the frame.
  • FIG. 12 shows a format of an exemplary embodiment of a narrow band frame.
  • the frame 1200 includes a preamble 1201.
  • the preamble 1201 includes a narrow band short training field (NB-STF) 1202, a narrow band long training field (NB-LTF) 1204, a narrow band signal field (NB-SIG) 1206, and a data payload 1212,
  • NB-STF narrow band short training field
  • NB-LTF narrow band long training field
  • NB-SIG narrow band signal field
  • FIG. 13 shows a narrow band tone plan that may be utilized in some aspects with the frame format 1200 illustrated in FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 13 shows a 20 MHz frequency range 1300.
  • the 20 MHz frequency range include nine tone ranges 1301 a-i of 26 tones each, each with a center DC tone. Each tone range may include one guard tone, providing 24 tones for data and pilot tones.
  • the 20 MHz frequency range includes six (6) initial tones 1304 and five (5) end tones 1316.
  • guard tones 1308 and three (3) guard tones 1312 are allocated on either side of tone range 1301e.
  • Each of the tone ranges 1301 a-i may be separated by one or more guard tones 1320.
  • Each set of guard tones is not labeled in FIG. 13 to preserve figure clarity.
  • the guard tones 1320 may include one or more of a 20 MHz guard tone, a 2 MHz guard tone, or a null tone.
  • PAPR peak to average power ratio
  • some aspects of the disclosed methods and systems propose a design for a narrow band long training field, such as the NB-LTF 1204 illustrated above with respect to FIG.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a method of wireless com muni cation.
  • the process 1400 discussed below with respect to FIG. 14 may provide for reduced PAPR when compared to other implementations.
  • one or more of the functions discussed below with respect to process 1400 of FIG. 14 may be implemented by instructions included in the control logic 406, discussed above with respect to FIG. 4.
  • one or more of the functions discussed below with respect to process 1400 and FIG. 14 may be performed by the application processor 1 10.
  • a long training field is encoded having tones from tone index -12 to tone index. 12 as +1, +1, +1 , -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1, - 1, +1, 0 (DC), -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1 respectively.
  • Encoding the long training field may include encoding a first tone having a tone index of -12, and encoding a second tone in the tone index range between -12 and 12, and continuing to encode tones until at least tone index 12 is encoded.
  • Encoding a field in process 1400 may include allocating memory to store values for the field, and writing the allocated memory with values per field values.
  • the long training field is a narrow band long training field.
  • a preamble is encoded including a short training field, and the long training field.
  • the preamble is further encoded to include a signal field.
  • block 1404 includes encoding the short training field, and organizing the short training field and long training fields in memory to facilitate transmission of the preamble.
  • one or more of the short training field and long training field may be a narrow band field.
  • the preamble is a narrow band preamble.
  • the preamble is transmitted on a wireless network.
  • the preamble is transmitted along with a data payload, with the preamble and payload forming a narrow band packet.
  • the packet conforms to the format 1200 discussed above with respect to FIG. 12.
  • transmitting the preamble and payload may include providing a pointer to a memory location storing information for the preamble and payload to a transmitter, and signaling the transmitter that the preamble and payload may be transmitted.
  • the preamble is transmitted over a narrow band channel of the wireless network.
  • block 1406 is performed by the TX baseband processor 404, discussed above with respect to FIG. 4. In some other aspects, block 1406 may be performed by the application processor 1 10.
  • FIG. 15 is a graph showing a cross correlation of the disclosed long training field sequence. As shown by FIG. 15, the sequence has a low cross correlation, which corresponds to a low PAPR.
  • a first example implementation disclosed is a method of wireless communication includes encoding, by an electronic device, a preamble, the preamble including a green-field short training field, a first long training field, a second long training field, and a high efficiency signal A field following the short training field the first long training field and the second long training field.
  • the first example implementation may also include encoding, by the electronic device, a frame comprising the preamble and data and transmitting, by the electronic device, the frame over a wireless network.
  • the first example implementation includes encoding the first and second long training fields as high efficiency long training fields.
  • the first example implementation includes encoding the first and second long training fields as greenfield long training fields.
  • the method includes determining whether the frame includes a multi-user transmission, encoding the first and second long training fields to have equivalent polarity in response to the frame including a multi-user transmission, and encoding the first and second long training fields to have different polarities in response to the frame not including a multiuser transmission.
  • the first example implementation includes encoding the preamble to further include a third long training field after the high efficiency signal A field, and encoding the high efficiency signal A field to define a guard interval length and symbol duration of the third long training field.
  • the first example implementation also includes encoding the frame to include data for a first stream and second data for a second stream, wherein the encoding of the preamble to include the third long training field is in response to the multiple streams.
  • the first example implementation includes encoding the third long training field to provide channel estimation for the data.
  • the third long training field is encoded to provide channel estimation for the data independent of the high efficiency signal A field.
  • the first example implementation includes encoding the green-field short training field, the first long training field and a second long training field to provide channel estimation for the high efficiency signal A field, independent of the data. In some aspects, the first example implementation includes encoding the third long training field to provide channel estimation for the high efficiency signal A field and the data. In some aspects, the first example implementation includes encoding the preamble to include a high-efficiency signal B field. In some aspects, the first example implementation includes encoding the
  • the first example implementation further includes encoding the high efficiency signal A field to have a IX symbol duration or a 4X symbol duration. In some aspects, the first example implementation further includes mapping modulated constellations in each symbol of the high efficiency signal A field to every 4th data tone. In these aspects, a transmission of the high efficiency signal A field utilizes a first tone of every four tones. In some aspects, the first example implementation further includes repeating modulated constellations in groups of four tones of the high efficiency signal A field.
  • a second example implementation disclosed is an apparatus or device for wireless communication.
  • the second example implementation includes processing circuitry and memory, configured to encode a frame preamble, the frame preamble including a green-field short training field, a first long training field, a second long training field, and a high efficiency signal A field following the short training field the first long training field and the second long training field.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to encode a frame comprising the frame preamble and data.
  • the second example implementation also includes a transmitter configured to transmit the frame over a wireless network.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to encode the first long training field and the second long training field as high efficiency long training fields.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to encode the first and second long training fields as greenfieid long training fields. In some aspects of the second example implementation, the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to determine whether the frame includes a multi-user transmission, encode the first and second long training fields to have equivalent polarity in response to the frame including a multi-user transmission, and encode the first and second long training fields to have different polarities in response to the frame not including a multi-user transmission. In some aspects of the second example implementation, the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to encode the preamble to further include a third long training field after the high efficiency signal
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to encode the frame to include data for a first stream and second data for a second stream, wherein the encoding of the preamble to include the third long training field is in response to the multiple streams.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to encode the third long training field to provide channel estimation for the data.
  • the third long training field is encoded to provide channel estimation for the data independent of the high efficiency signal A field.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to encode the green-field short training field, the first long training field and the second long training field to provide channel estimation for the high efficiency signal A field, independent of the data.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to encode the third long training field to provide channel estimation for the high efficiency signal A field and the data.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to encode the preamble to include a high-efficiency signal B field.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to encode the preamble to include a high efficiency short training field after the high efficiency signal B field. In some aspects of the second example implementation, the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to encode the high efficiency signal A field to have a IX symbol duration or a 4X symbol duration. In some aspects of the second example implementation, the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to map modulated constellations in each symbol of the high efficiency signal A field to every 4th data tone, wherein a transmission of the high efficiency signal A field utilizes a first tone of every four tones. In some aspects of the second example implementation, the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to repeat modulated constellations in groups of four tones of the high efficiency signal A field.
  • a third example implementation disclosed is a method of wireless communication.
  • the third example implementation includes receiving, from a wireless network, a frame preamble, decoding the received frame to identify a greenfield short training field, a first long training field and a second long training field, decoding the preamble to identify a high efficiency signal a (HE-SIGA) field based on the greenfield short training field, the first long training field and the second long training field, and decoding frame data following the preamble based on the high throughput signal A field.
  • Some aspects of the third example implementation also include decoding the first and second long training fields as high efficiency long training fields.
  • Some aspects of the third example implementation also include decoding the first and second long training fields as greenfield long training fields.
  • Some aspects of the third example implementation also include determining whether the first and second long training fields have equivalent polarities, and decoding a multi-user transmission from the frame based on the determination. Some aspects of the third example implementation also include decoding the high efficiency signal A field to define a guard interval length and symbol duration of a third long training field, decoding the preamble to identify the third long training field after the high efficiency signal A field based on the guard interval length and symbol duration, performing a channel estimation based on the third long training field, and decoding the frame data based on the channel estimation.
  • Some aspects of the third example implementation also include decoding the preamble to identify a third long training field after the high efficiency signal A field, perform a channel estimation based on the third long training field, and decode the frame data from the frame based on the channel estimation.
  • Some aspects of the third example implementation also include decoding multiple streams from the frame based on the third long training field. Some aspects of the third example implementation also include decoding a high-efficiency signal B field from the frame. Some aspects of the third example implementation also include decoding a high efficiency short training field from the preamble after the high efficiency signal B field.
  • Some aspects of the third example implementation also include decoding the high efficiency signal A field using either a I X symbol duration or a 4X symbol duration. Some aspects of the third example implementation also include decoding modulated constellations in each HE-SIGA symbol from a first tone in every 4th data tone. Some aspects of the third example implementation also include decoding modulated constellations in groups of four tones of the HE-SIGA field, and performing error detection based on the groups of four tones.
  • a fourth example implementation disclosed is a device for wireless communication.
  • the fourth example implementation includes processing circuitry and memory configured to receive, from a wireless network, a frame preamble, decode the received frame to identify a greenfield short training field, a first long training field and a second long training field, decode the preamble to identify a high efficiency signal a (HE-SIGA) field based on the greenfield short training field, the first long training field and the second long training field, and decode frame data following the preamble based on the high throughput signal A field.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to decoding the first and second long training fields as high efficiency long training fields.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to decode the first and second long training fields as greenfield long training fields. In some aspects of the device, the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to determine whether the first and second long training fields have equivalent polarities, and decode a multi-user transmission from the frame based on the determination.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to decode the high efficiency signal A field to define a guard interval length and symbol duration of a third long training field, decode the preamble to identify the third long training field after the high efficiency signal A field based on the guard interval length and symbol duration, perform a channel estimation based on the third long training field, and decode the frame data based on the channel estimation.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to decode the preamble to identify a third long training field after the high efficiency signal A field, perform a channel estimation based on the third long training field, and decode the frame data from the frame based on the channel estimation.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to decode multiple streams from the frame based on the third long training field.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to decode a high-efficiency signal B field from the frame.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to decode a high efficiency short training field from the preamble after the high efficiency signal B field.
  • the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to decode the high efficiency signal A field using either a 1 X symbol duration or a 4X symbol duration. In some aspects of the fourth example implementation, the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to decode modulated constellations in each HE-SIGA symbol from a first tone in every 4th data tone. In some aspects of the fourth example implementation, the processing circuitry and memory may be further configured to decode modulated constellations in groups of four tones of the HE-SIGA field, and perform error detection based on the groups of four tones.
  • a fifth example implementation disclosed is a method of wireless communication.
  • the fifth example implementation includes encoding a long training field having tones from tone index -12 to tone index 12 of I I , +1, +1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 , 0 (DC), -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, - 1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1], encoding a preamble including a short training field and the long training field, and transmitting the preamble on a wireless network.
  • Some aspects of the fifth example implementation further include transmitting the preamble over a narrow band channel of the wireless network.
  • Some aspects of the fifth example implementation also include transmitting a packet including the preamble and a payload. Some aspects of the fifth example implementation include transmitting the payload per a tone plan that includes twenty-six tones in each two Megahertz sub-channel. In some aspects of the fifth example implementation, the tone plan further includes one DC tone and one guard tone in each two MHz subchannel.
  • a sixth example implementation disclosed is a device for wireless communication.
  • the sixth example implementation includes processing circuitry and memory configured to encode a long training field having tones from tone index -12 to tone index 12 of [+1 , +1 , +1 , - 1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, 0 (DC), A, -I, +1, -1, +1, -1, -1, ⁇ 1 , -I, +1 , +1 , +1 +1 ], and encode a preamble including a short training field and the long training field, and a transmitter configured to transmit the preamble on a wireless network.
  • the transmitter is further configured to the preamble over a narrow band channel of the wireless network. In some aspects of the sixth example implementation, the transmitter is further configured to transmit a packet including the preamble and a payload. In some aspects of the sixth example implementation, the transmitter is further configured to transmit the payload per a tone plan that includes 26 tones in each two (2) Megahertz (MHz) sub-channel. In some aspects of the sixth example implementation, the tone plan further includes one DC tone and one guard tone in each two (2) Megahertz (MHz) sub-channel.]
  • a seventh example implementation is an apparatus of a High
  • the apparatus includes means for receiving a frame, the frame including a preamble and frame data, means for decoding the preamble to identify a greenfield short training fieid, a first long training field and a second long training field, means for decoding the preamble to identify a high efficiency signal A (HE-
  • SIGA SIGA field based on the greenfield short training field, the first long training fieid and the second long training field, means for decoding a high efficiency signal B field from the preamble if the frame includes a multi-user transmission; and means for decoding the frame data based on the high efficiency signal A field.
  • Some aspects of the seventh example include means for determining whether the first and second long training fields have equivalent polarities, and means for determining the frame includes a multi-user transmission based on the determination. Some aspects of the seventh example also include means for determining the frame includes a multi-user transmission if the first and second long training fields have equivalent polarities, and means for determining the frame does not include a multi-user transmission if the first and second long training fields have different polarities. Some aspects of the seventh implementation include means for comparing the polarities of the first and second training fields in the time domain.
  • Some aspects of the seventh implementation include means for decoding the high efficiency signal A field to determine whether the frame includes a multi-user transmission. Some aspects of the seventh implementation include means for decoding the high efficiency signal A field to determine a guard interval length and symbol duration of a third long training field, means for decoding the preamble to identify the third long training field after the high efficiency signal A field based on the guard interval length and symbol duration, means for performing a channel estimation based on the third long training field, and means for decode the frame data based on the channel estimation.
  • Some aspects of the seventh implementation include means for decoding the preamble to identify a third long training field after the high efficiency signal A field, means for performing a channel estimation based on the third long training field, and means for decoding the frame data from the frame based on the channel estimation. Some aspects of the seventh implementation include means for decoding multiple streams from the frame based on the third long training field. Some aspects of the seventh implementation include means for decoding a high-efficiency signal B field from the frame, and means for decoding a high efficiency short training field from the preamble after the high efficiency signal B field.
  • Some aspects of the seventh implementation include means for decoding the high efficiency signal A field using a IX symbol duration, and means for decoding modulated constellations in each HE-SIGA symbol from a first tone in every 4th data tone. Some aspects of the seventh implementation include means for decoding the high efficiency signal A field using a 4X symbol duration, means for decoding modulated constellations in groups of four tones of the HE-SIGA field, and means for perform error detection based on the groups of four tones.
  • An eighth example implementation is a non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that when executed cause a processor to perform a method of wireless communication.
  • the method performed by the eighth example implementation includes receiving a frame, the frame including a preamble and frame data, decoding the preamble to identify a greenfield short training field, a first long training field and a second long training field, decoding the preamble to identify a high efficiency signal a (HE-SIGA) field based on the greenfield short training field, the first long training field and the second long training field, decoding a high efficiency signal B field from the preamble in response to a determination that the frame includes a multi-user transmission, and decoding the frame data based on the high efficiency signal A field.
  • HE-SIGA high efficiency signal a
  • the method performed by the processor also includes determining whether the first and second long training fields have equivalent polarities, and determining the frame includes a multi-user transmission based on the determination. In some aspects of the eighth example, the method performed by the processor also includes determining the frame includes a multi-user transmission if the first and second long training fields have equivalent polarities, and determining the frame does not include a multi-user transmission if the first and second long training fields have different polarities.
  • the method performed by the processor also includes comparing the polarities of the first and second training fields in the time domain. In some aspects of the eighth example, the method performed by the processor also includes decoding the high efficiency signal A field to determine whether the frame includes a multi-user transmission.
  • a ninth example implementation is an apparatus for wireless communication.
  • the apparatus of the ninth example implementation includes means for encoding a preamble for a frame, the preamble includes a green-field short training field, a first long training field, a second long training field, and a high efficiency signal A field following the short training field the first long training field and the second long training field, means for encoding the preamble to further comprise a high efficiency signal B field in response to the frame including a multi-user transmission, means for encoding the frame comprising the preamble and data; and means for transmitting the frame.
  • Some aspects of the ninth implementation also include means for determining whether the frame includes a multi-user transmission, means for encoding the first and second long training fields to have equivalent polarity in response to the frame including a multi-user transmission, and means for encoding the first and second long training fields to have different polarities in response to the frame not including a multi-user transmission.
  • Some aspects of the ninth implementation also include means for encoding the preamble to further include a third long training field after the high efficiency signal A field, and encoding the high efficiency signal A field to define a guard interval length and symbol duration of the third long training field. Some aspects of the ninth implementation also include means for encoding the frame to include data for a first stream and second data for a second stream, wherein the encoding of the preamble to include the third long training field is in response to the multiple streams. Some aspects of the ninth implementation also include means for encoding the third long training field to provide channel estimation for the data independent of the high efficiency signal A field.
  • Some aspects of the ninth implementation also include means for encoding the green-field short training field, and the first and second long training field to provide channel estimation for the high efficiency signal A field, independent of the data. Some aspects of the ninth implementation also include means for encoding the third long training field to provide channel estimation for the high efficiency signal A field and the data. Some aspects of the ninth implementation also include means for encoding the preamble to include the high- efficiency signal B field; and encoding the preamble to include a high efficiency short training field after the high efficiency signal B field.
  • a tenth example implementation is a method for wireless transmission.
  • the tenth example implementation includes encoding a long training field having tones from tone index -12 to tone index 12 of [+1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1 , 0 (DC), -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, - 1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1], encoding a preamble including a short training field and the long training field, and transmitting the preamble and a payload on a wireless network.
  • Some aspects of the tenth implementation include transmitting the payload according to a tone plan that includes 26 tones in each two megahertz sub-channel. In some aspects of the tenth implementation, the tone plan further includes one DC tone and one guard tone in each two megahertz sub-channel. Some aspects of the tenth implementation include transmitting the preamble and the payload over a narrow band channel.
  • An eleventh example implementation is a wireless device.
  • the wireless device of the eleventh example implementation includes means for encoding a long training field having tones from tone index -12 to tone index 12 of [+1, +1, +1, -1 , -1, +1, +1, -1 , -1, +1, -1 , +1 , 0 (DC), - I, -1 , +1, -1, +1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1, +1], means for encoding a preamble including a short training field and the long training field, and means for transmitting the preamble and a payload on a wireless network.
  • the means for transmitting is configured to transmit the payload according to a tone plan that includes 26 tones in each two megahertz subchannel. In some of these aspects, the tone plan further includes one DC tone and one guard tone in each two megahertz sub-channel. In some aspects of the eleventh example implementation the means for transmitting is configured to transmit the preamble and the payload over a narrow band channel.
  • any of the computer-executable instructions for implementing the disclosed techniques as well as any data created and used during implementation of the disclosed embodiments can be stored on one or more computer-readable storage media.
  • the computer-executable instructions can be part of, for example, a dedicated software application or a software application that is accessed or downloaded via a web browser or other software application (such as a remote computing application).
  • Such software can be executed, for example, on a single local computer (e.g., any suitable commercially available computer) or in a network environment (e.g., via the Internet, a wide- area network, a local-area network, a client-server network (such as a cloud computing network), or other such network) using one or more network computers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et des systèmes pour le Wi-Fi nouvelle génération. Selon un aspect, un procédé comprend le codage, par un dispositif électronique, d'un préambule, le préambule comprenant : un champ d'apprentissage court de champ vert, un premier champ d'apprentissage long, un second champ d'apprentissage long et un champ de signal d'efficacité élevée A suivant le champ d'apprentissage court, le premier champ d'apprentissage long et le second champ d'apprentissage long. Le procédé comprend également le codage, par le dispositif électronique, d'une trame comprenant le préambule et les données, et la transmission, par le dispositif électronique, de la trame sur un réseau sans fil. Selon certains aspects, une polarité relative des premier et second champs d'apprentissage indique si la trame est une trame multi-utilisateur ou une trame d'utilisateur unique. Selon certains autres aspects, le champ de signal d'efficacité élevée A indique, par l'intermédiaire d'un indicateur ayant une valeur prédéfinie, si la trame est une trame d'utilisateur unique ou une trame multi-utilisateur.
PCT/US2017/049475 2017-08-30 2017-08-30 Procédés et systèmes pour le wi-fi nouvelle génération WO2019045708A1 (fr)

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