WO2019029458A1 - 一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置及工艺 - Google Patents

一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置及工艺 Download PDF

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WO2019029458A1
WO2019029458A1 PCT/CN2018/098663 CN2018098663W WO2019029458A1 WO 2019029458 A1 WO2019029458 A1 WO 2019029458A1 CN 2018098663 W CN2018098663 W CN 2018098663W WO 2019029458 A1 WO2019029458 A1 WO 2019029458A1
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temperature section
gas
low temperature
low
pulverized coal
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马春元
王涛
周滨选
张振
付加鹏
张立强
赵希强
程星星
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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Priority claimed from CN201710671922.9A external-priority patent/CN107557039A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201721430531.XU external-priority patent/CN207313542U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201711041111.7A external-priority patent/CN107653006B/zh
Application filed by Shandong University filed Critical Shandong University
Priority to US16/466,810 priority Critical patent/US11220642B2/en
Publication of WO2019029458A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019029458A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1609—Post-reduction, e.g. on a red-white-hot coke or coal bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of coal chemical industry, and particularly relates to a coal powder gasification device and a process for producing high calorific value gas with low residual carbon amount.
  • Coal gasification technology is one of the ways to clean and efficiently use coal. This technology is mainly used to produce city gas, chemical synthetic raw material gas, and combined cycle power generation gas.
  • This technology is mainly used to produce city gas, chemical synthetic raw material gas, and combined cycle power generation gas.
  • the original coal-fired kiln has been changed to gas, and the demand for industrial gas has increased.
  • China natural gas resources are in short supply, and the coal-fired production industry Gas has become an inevitable choice.
  • domestic gas generators for generating industrial gas there are two major problems in the application of domestic gas generators for generating industrial gas:
  • the calorific value of the produced gas is not high.
  • the main active components of the gas produced by the existing low-pressure or atmospheric-pressure coal gasification technology are CO and H 2 , the hydrocarbon content is very small, and the N 2 content is high, resulting in a low calorific value of the gas.
  • CO, H 2 and CH 4 CH 4 has the highest volumetric calorific value. Therefore, in order to increase the calorific value of the gas, it is necessary to increase the CH 4 content in the gas and reduce the N 2 and CO 2 contents of the ineffective components.
  • the amount of fly ash in the crude gas is high and the utilization is difficult.
  • the existing low-pressure or atmospheric-pressure coal gasification technology is limited by technology and process, and the coal ash residual carbon content collected by gas purification is very high.
  • the raw material particles are crushed in the gasification furnace to produce a large amount of fine particles.
  • the fine particles are collected in the furnace and pass through the cyclone separator for recycling.
  • the residence time is short and the fly ash is generated.
  • the amount accounts for 20-25% of the amount of coal in the furnace, and the residual carbon content in the fly ash is as high as 45%-50%, and the fly ash residual carbon is difficult to be sent to the gasification furnace to continue gasification, resulting in low gasification efficiency.
  • the raw material utilization rate is low. With other low-pressure or atmospheric-pressure gasification processes, this problem also has the problem that the amount of fly ash in the crude gas is high and the utilization is difficult.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a pulverized coal gasification device for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue, which can produce high calorific value gas or chemical syngas according to demand, and can fully By using the gasification residual carbon, the unreacted gasified semi-coke (carbon residue) and the carbon-containing coal ash collected by the gas purification are sent back to the gasifier for gasification, which can greatly improve the coal utilization rate.
  • the pulverized coal gasification device for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue comprising a U-type gas generator and a gas separation device, wherein the U-type gas generator is composed of a high temperature section and a low temperature section arranged in a U shape a segment structure; the high temperature section and the low temperature section share a ash bucket; the high temperature section is a descending gas flow bed, and the low temperature section is an upstream gas flow bed; the inlet of the gas separation device is connected to the outlet of the low temperature section, and the gas separation device The solids outlet is connected to the inlet of the high temperature section, and the gas outlet of the gas separation unit is connected to the gas waste heat utilization and purification system.
  • the U-type gas generator is composed of a high temperature section and a low temperature section arranged in a U shape a segment structure; the high temperature section and the low temperature section share a ash bucket; the high temperature section is a descending gas flow bed, and the low temperature section is an upstream gas flow bed; the inlet
  • the low temperature section of the present invention can be arranged in two ways:
  • the low temperature section comprises a low temperature section furnace body, wherein the low temperature section furnace body and the high temperature section are connected to a low temperature section throat portion, the lower end of the low temperature section throat portion is provided with an oxygen/air nozzle, and the upper end is arranged with a low temperature section coal powder nozzle.
  • the low temperature section comprises a low temperature section furnace body, wherein the low temperature section furnace body is connected with the high temperature section is a low temperature section throat portion, and the lower end of the low temperature section throat portion is arranged with an oxygen/air nozzle, and the low temperature section is arranged at the throat portion There is a low temperature section pulverized coal nozzle.
  • the low temperature section furnace body is further provided with a microwave reforming device.
  • the microwave reforming device is an auxiliary device and can be selected and used according to requirements.
  • the low temperature section coal powder nozzle is a single channel structure.
  • the feeding mode of the low-temperature section coal powder nozzle adopts pneumatic conveying, the conveying medium is nitrogen or hot flue gas; and the number of low-temperature section coal powder nozzles is two, which is arranged in a hedge.
  • the feeding mode of the low temperature section coal powder nozzle is in the form of a chute.
  • the high temperature section includes a high temperature section furnace body, and a water wall is disposed outside the furnace body of the high temperature section, and a high temperature section coal powder nozzle is disposed on the furnace section of the high temperature section.
  • the high-temperature section coal powder nozzle has a three-channel structure, wherein the three-channel structure is a center feeding, an outer layer of pure oxygen, and an outermost layer of water vapor.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a pulverized coal gasification process based on a pulverized coal gasification apparatus for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue.
  • the pulverized coal gasification process based on the pulverized coal gasification device for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue comprising:
  • Step 1 The raw material is purely oxygenated through a high temperature section to generate a high temperature gas, and the temperature is between 1300 ° C and 1600 ° C; wherein the raw material comprises semi-coke, coal ash and raw coal pulverized coal which are not completely vaporized in the low temperature section;
  • Step 2 The high-temperature gas produced in step 1 enters the low-temperature section, and is tempered by the air/oxygen nozzle, and pyrolysis and gasification reaction are carried out together with the raw coal pulverized coal injected from the low-temperature section coal powder nozzle to obtain a high content of hydrocarbon substances.
  • Gas and incompletely vaporized semi-coke, gasification temperature of the temperature range is 900 ° C ⁇ 1100 ° C;
  • Step 3 Separate the gas and semi-coke obtained in step 2, the gas is passed into the gas waste heat utilization and purification system, and the semi-coke is collected and sent to the high temperature section for high-temperature gasification; the coal waste heat utilization and the coal ash collected by the purification system It is also sent to the high temperature section for high temperature gasification.
  • the pulverized coal gasification device for producing high calorific value gas and low residual carbon amount according to the present invention can obtain a high calorific value gas having a relatively high hydrocarbon content by high-temperature section and low-temperature section gasification, and the raw material is at a high temperature. Gasification reaction occurs in the section to obtain high-temperature gas. After entering the low-temperature section, the newly added coal powder relies on the pyrolysis reaction of the high-temperature gas heat, and the in-phase and heterogeneous gasification reaction occurs at the same time, and finally the high-calorific gas with high hydrocarbon content is obtained. Unreacted semi-coke; wherein unreacted semi-coke is directly sent to a high temperature section for high temperature gasification.
  • the invention can fully utilize the carbon residue after coal gasification and increase the carbon conversion rate, and the coal gas separated by the waste gas from the gas separation device is directly sent to the high temperature section for high temperature gasification through waste heat utilization and dust purification and purification, thereby realizing carbon residue. Use, thereby increasing carbon conversion.
  • the present invention arranges a microwave reforming device in a low temperature section, and under microwave action, the tar content can be lowered, and the gas component is adjusted to syngas according to the user's requirement for the gas component.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a coal powder gasification apparatus for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue;
  • FIG. 2 is a side view showing the AA of the first embodiment of the pulverized coal gasification apparatus for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a coal powder gasification apparatus for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue;
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a pulverized coal gasification process based on a pulverized coal gasification unit for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a pulverized coal gasification apparatus for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue.
  • the pulverized coal gasification device for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue comprising a U-type gas generator and a gas separation device 16, the U-shaped gas generator is arranged in a U shape.
  • the high temperature section 14 and the low temperature section 7 are composed of two stages; the high temperature section 14 and the low temperature section 7 share a ash hopper 10; the high temperature section 14 is a descending airflow bed, and the low temperature section 7 is an upward convection bed;
  • the inlet of the separation device 16 is in communication with the outlet of the low temperature section 7, the solids outlet of the gas separation unit 16 is in communication with the inlet of the high temperature section 14, and the gas outlet of the gas separation unit 16 is connected to the gas waste heat utilization and purification system.
  • the gas waste heat utilization and purification system is also realized by the existing structure.
  • the pulverized coal 1, the coal ash 2, the oxygen 3 and the water vapor 4, and the semi-coke 17 obtained by the gas separation device 16 pass through the gasification nozzle 5 into the low temperature section 7 while being processed in the low temperature section 7 In the middle, the corresponding feed water 6 is also carried out. After the treatment in the low temperature section 7, water vapor 9 and ash 11 are obtained, and the ash 11 is output from the hopper 10. Finally, the gas outlet of the gas separation unit 16 outputs the gas 18 to the outside.
  • the low temperature section 7 includes a low temperature section furnace body, the low temperature section furnace body is connected to the high temperature section 14 as a low temperature section throat portion, and the lower end of the low temperature section throat portion is provided with an oxygen/air nozzle 12. The upper end is provided with a low temperature section coal powder nozzle 13.
  • the low temperature section furnace body is further provided with a microwave reforming device 15 for the purpose of realizing the reorganization of hydrocarbon substances.
  • the microwave reforming device is an auxiliary device, and can be selected and used according to requirements, and the specific structure can be realized by using the existing structure.
  • the low temperature section coal powder nozzle is a single channel structure.
  • the feeding mode of the low temperature section coal powder nozzle 13 may be any of the following methods:
  • Method 1 The feeding mode of the low-temperature section coal powder nozzle 13 adopts pneumatic conveying, the conveying medium is nitrogen or hot flue gas; and the number of low-temperature section coal powder nozzles 13 is two, which is arranged in a hedge, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • Method 2 The feeding mode of the low temperature section coal powder nozzle 13 is in the form of a chute.
  • the high temperature section 14 includes a high temperature section furnace body, and a water wall 8 is disposed outside the furnace body of the high temperature section, and a high temperature section coal powder nozzle is disposed on the furnace section of the high temperature section.
  • the high-temperature section coal powder nozzle is a three-channel structure, wherein the three-channel structure is a center feeding, an outer layer of pure oxygen, and an outermost layer of water vapor.
  • the coal powder gasification device for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue in this embodiment can obtain high calorific value gas with relatively high hydrocarbon content through the gasification of the high temperature section and the low temperature section, and the raw material is generated at a high temperature section.
  • the gasification reaction obtains high-temperature gas.
  • the newly added coal powder relies on the pyrolysis reaction of the high-temperature gas heat, and the in-phase and heterogeneous gasification reaction occurs at the same time, and finally the high calorific value gas with high hydrocarbon content is obtained and unreacted.
  • the semi-coke wherein the unreacted semi-coke is directly sent to the high temperature section for high-temperature gasification.
  • the carbon residue after coal gasification can be fully utilized, and the carbon conversion rate is improved.
  • the coal gas separated by the waste gas from the gas separation device is directly sent to the high temperature section for high-temperature gasification through waste heat utilization and dust purification and purification, thereby realizing the utilization of residual carbon. , thereby increasing carbon conversion.
  • a microwave reforming device is arranged in a low temperature section, and under the action of microwaves, the tar content can be reduced, and the gas component is adjusted to syngas according to the user's requirement for the gas component.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a coal powder gasification apparatus for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue.
  • the pulverized coal gasification device for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue comprising a U-type gas generator and a gas separation device 16, the U-shaped gas generator is arranged in a U-shaped high temperature section 14 and a low temperature Section 7 is composed of two sections; the high temperature section 14 and the low temperature section 7 share a hopper 10; the high temperature section 14 is a descending airflow bed, and the low temperature section 7 is an upstream airflow bed; the inlet of the gas separation device 16 is The outlet of the low temperature section 7 is in communication, the solids outlet of the gas separation unit 16 is in communication with the inlet of the high temperature section 14, and the gas outlet of the gas separation unit 16 is connected to the gas waste heat utilization and purification system.
  • the gas waste heat utilization and purification system is also realized by the existing structure.
  • the pulverized coal 1, the coal ash 2, the oxygen 3 and the water vapor 4, and the semi-coke 17 obtained by the gas separation device 16 pass through the gasification nozzle 5 into the low temperature section 7 while being processed in the low temperature section 7 In the middle, the corresponding feed water 6 is also carried out. After the treatment in the low temperature section 7, water vapor 9 and ash 11 are obtained, and the ash 11 is output from the hopper 10. Finally, the gas outlet of the gas separation unit 16 outputs the gas 18 to the outside.
  • the low temperature section 7 includes a low temperature section furnace body, the low temperature section furnace body is connected to the high temperature section 14 as a low temperature section throat portion, and the lower end of the low temperature section throat portion is provided with an oxygen/air nozzle 12.
  • a low temperature section coal powder nozzle 13 is arranged at the throat portion of the low temperature section.
  • the low temperature section furnace body is further provided with a microwave reforming device 15 for the purpose of realizing the reorganization of hydrocarbon substances.
  • the microwave reforming device is an auxiliary device, and can be selected and used according to requirements, and the specific structure can be realized by using the existing structure.
  • the low temperature section coal powder nozzle is a single channel structure.
  • the feeding mode of the low temperature section coal powder nozzle 13 may be any of the following methods:
  • Method 1 The feeding mode of the low-temperature section coal powder nozzle 13 is pneumatic conveying, the conveying medium is nitrogen or hot flue gas; and the number of low-temperature section coal powder nozzles 13 is two, which is arranged in a hedge, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • Method 2 The feeding mode of the low temperature section coal powder nozzle 13 is in the form of a chute.
  • the high temperature section 14 includes a high temperature section furnace body, and a water wall 8 is disposed outside the furnace body of the high temperature section, and a high temperature section coal powder nozzle is disposed on the furnace section of the high temperature section.
  • the high-temperature section coal powder nozzle is a three-channel structure, wherein the three-channel structure is a center feeding, an outer layer of pure oxygen, and an outermost layer of water vapor.
  • the coal powder gasification device for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue in this embodiment can obtain high calorific value gas with relatively high hydrocarbon content through the gasification of the high temperature section and the low temperature section, and the raw material is generated at a high temperature section.
  • the gasification reaction obtains high-temperature gas.
  • the newly added coal powder relies on the pyrolysis reaction of the high-temperature gas heat, and the in-phase and heterogeneous gasification reaction occurs at the same time, and finally the high calorific value gas with high hydrocarbon content is obtained and unreacted.
  • the semi-coke wherein the unreacted semi-coke is directly sent to the high temperature section for high-temperature gasification.
  • the carbon residue after coal gasification can be fully utilized, and the carbon conversion rate is improved.
  • the coal gas separated by the waste gas from the gas separation device is directly sent to the high temperature section for high-temperature gasification through waste heat utilization and dust purification and purification, thereby realizing the utilization of residual carbon. , thereby increasing carbon conversion.
  • a microwave reforming device is arranged in a low temperature section, and under the action of microwaves, the tar content can be reduced, and the gas component is adjusted to syngas according to the user's requirement for the gas component.
  • the invention also provides a pulverized coal gasification process based on a pulverized coal gasification unit for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a pulverized coal gasification process based on a pulverized coal gasification unit for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue.
  • a pulverized coal gasification process based on the pulverized coal gasification device for producing high calorific value gas and low carbon residue comprises:
  • Step 1 The raw material is purely oxygenated through a high temperature section to generate a high temperature gas, and the temperature is between 1300 ° C and 1600 ° C; wherein the raw material comprises semi-coke, coal ash and raw coal pulverized coal which are not completely vaporized in the low temperature section;
  • Step 2 The high-temperature gas produced in step 1 enters the low-temperature section, and is tempered by the air/oxygen nozzle, and pyrolysis and gasification reaction are carried out together with the raw coal pulverized coal injected from the low-temperature section coal powder nozzle to obtain a high content of hydrocarbon substances.
  • Gas and incompletely vaporized semi-coke, gasification temperature of the temperature range is 900 ° C ⁇ 1100 ° C;
  • Step 3 Separate the gas and semi-coke obtained in step 2, the gas is passed into the gas waste heat utilization and purification system, and the semi-coke is collected and sent to the high temperature section for high-temperature gasification; the coal waste heat utilization and the coal ash collected by the purification system It is also sent to the high temperature section for high temperature gasification.
  • the microwave reforming device in the upper part of the low temperature section can crack the tar in the gas and reform the hydrocarbon into a syngas, and under the action of the microwave, the gas tar content can be reduced, and the gas component can be adjusted according to the user's requirement for the gas component. For syngas.

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Abstract

一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置及工艺。其中该装置包括U型煤气发生炉和煤气分离装置，该U型煤气发生炉由呈U型布置的高温段和低温段组成，高温段和低温段共用一个灰斗；其中高温段为下行气流床，低温段为上行气流床；煤气分离装置的入口与低温段的出口相连通，煤气分离装置的固体出口与高温段的入口相连通，煤气分离装置的气体出口与煤气余热利用及净化系统相连。该气化装置能够大大提高煤炭利用率。

Description

一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置及工艺 技术领域
本发明属于煤化工技术领域，尤其涉及一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置及工艺。
背景技术
煤气化技术是煤炭清洁、高效利用的途径之一，该技术主要用于生产城市煤气、化工合成原料气、联合循环发电用燃气等。近年来随着建材、陶瓷、玻璃等行业工业窑炉烟气排放环保标准的提高，原燃煤窑炉改为燃气，工业用燃气的需求增大，而我国天然气资源短缺，通过煤气化生产工业燃气成为必然选择。目前，国内生成工业燃气的煤气发生炉在应用方面存在以下两大问题：
一是生产的煤气热值不高，现有低压或常压煤气化技术生产的燃气主要有效成分为CO和H 2，烃类含量很少，N 2含量高，导致燃气热值偏低。在煤气的主要有效成分CO、H 2和CH 4中，CH 4的体积热值最高，因此要想提高煤气的热值，须提高煤气中CH 4含量，降低无效成分N 2和CO 2含量。
二是粗煤气中飞灰残炭量高且利用困难，现有低压或常压煤气化技术受技术、工艺限制，煤气净化收集的煤灰残炭含量很高。以循环流化床常压气化技术为例，原料颗粒在气化炉内发生破碎产生大量细颗粒，细颗粒在炉内一次通过难以通过旋风分离器收集循环使用，停留时间短，产生飞灰量占入炉煤量的20～25％，飞灰中残炭含量高达45％～50％，而飞灰残炭难以送回流化床气化炉内继续气化，导致气化效率偏低，原料利用率偏低。利用其他低压或常压气化工艺，该问题也会存在粗煤气中飞灰残炭量高且利用困难的问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的不足，本发明的第一目的是提供一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，其根据需求生产高热值煤气或化工用合成气，同时可充分利用气化残炭，将未反应的气化半焦(残炭)及煤气净化收集的含残炭煤灰再送回煤气发生炉气化，能够大大提高煤炭利用率。
本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，包括U型煤气发生炉和煤气分离装置，所述U型煤气发生炉由呈U型布置的高温段和低温段这两段结构组成；所述高温段和低温段共用一个灰斗；所述高温段为下行气流床，低温段为上行气流床；所述煤气分离装置的入口与低温段的出口相连通，煤气分离装置的固体出口与高温段的入口相连通，煤气分离装置的气体出口与煤气余热利用及净化系统相连。
本发明的低温段可采用以下两种布置方式：
第一种低温段的布置方式：
低温段包括低温段炉体，所述低温段炉体与高温段相连接处为低温段喉口部，所述低温段喉口部的下端布置有氧气\空气喷嘴，上端布置有低温段煤粉喷嘴。
第二种低温段的布置方式：
低温段包括低温段炉体，所述低温段炉体与高温段相连接处为低温段喉口部，所述低温段喉口部的下端布置有氧气\空气喷嘴，低温段喉口部处布置有低温段煤粉喷嘴。
进一步的，所述低温段炉体上还设置有微波重整装置。
其中，微波重整装置为辅助设备，可根据需求选择使用。
进一步的，所述低温段煤粉喷嘴为单通道结构。
进一步的，所述低温段煤粉喷嘴的给料方式采用气力输送，输送介质为氮气或热烟气；且低温段煤粉喷嘴的数量两只，呈对冲布置。
进一步的，低温段煤粉喷嘴的给料方式为溜槽形式。
进一步的，所述高温段包括高温段炉体，高温段炉体外侧设置有水冷壁，高温段炉体上设置有高温段煤粉喷嘴。
进一步的，所述高温段煤粉喷嘴为三通道结构，其中，三通道结构分别为中心给料、外层通纯氧以及最外层通水蒸气。
本发明的第二目的是提供一种基于生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的煤粉气化工艺。
本发明的一种基于生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的煤粉气化工艺，包括：
步骤1：原料经高温段纯氧气化，产生高温煤气，温度在1300℃～1600℃之间；其中，原料包含低温段未完全气化的半焦、煤灰和原煤煤粉；
步骤2：步骤1中产生的高温煤气进入低温段，经空气/氧气喷嘴调质，与低温段煤粉喷嘴喷入的原煤煤粉一同上行发生热解及气化反应，得到烃类物质高含量的煤气和未完全气化的半焦，气温段气化温度为900℃～1100℃；
步骤3：将步骤2中得到的煤气和半焦进行分离，煤气通入煤气余热利用及净化系统，半焦被收集下来送入高温段进行高温气化；煤气余热利用及净化系统收集的煤灰也送入高温段进行高温气化。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，通过高温段与低温段两段气 化，可获得烃类物质含量相对较高的高热值煤气，原料在高温段发生气化反应获得高温煤气，进入低温段后，新加入煤粉依靠高温煤气热量发生热解反应，同时发生同相、异相气化反应，最终获得烃类物质含量较高的高热值煤气和未反应的半焦；其中，未反应的半焦直接送入高温段进行高温气化。
(2)本发明可充分利用煤气化后残炭，提高碳转化率，煤气分离装置分离的粗煤气经余热利用、除尘净化收集的煤灰直接送入高温段进行高温气化，实现了残炭的利用，进而提高碳转化率。
(3)本发明在低温段布置了微波重整装置，在微波作用下，可降低焦油含量，并根据用户对煤气成分要求调整煤气组分为合成气。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1为本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的实施例一结构示意图；
图2为本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的实施例一中AA侧面图；
图3为本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的实施例二结构示意图；
图4为本发明的一种基于生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的煤粉气化工艺流程图。
其中，1、煤粉；2、煤灰；3、氧气；4、水蒸气；5、气化喷嘴；6、给水；7、低温段；8、水冷壁；9、水蒸气；10、灰斗；11、灰渣；12、空气/氧气喷嘴；13、低温段煤粉喷嘴；14、高温段；15、微波重整装置；16、煤气分离装置；17、半焦；18、煤气。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
实施例一
图1为本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的实施例一结构示意图。
如图1所示，本实施例的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，包括U型煤气发生炉和煤气分离装置16，所述U型煤气发生炉由呈U型布置的高温段14和低温段7这两段结构组成；所述高温段14和低温段7共用一个灰斗10；所述高温段14为下行气流床，低温段7为上行气流床；所述煤气分离装置16的入口与低温段7的出口相连通，煤气分离装置16的固体出口与高温段14的入口相连通，煤气分离装置16的气体出口与煤气余热利用及净化系统相连。
在该实施例中，煤气余热利用及净化系统也靠现有结构来实现。
具体地，首先，煤粉1、煤灰2、氧气3和水蒸气4，以及经煤气分离装置16得到的半焦17均通过气化喷嘴5进入低温段7，同时在低温段7处理的过程中，还进行相应给水6。经低温段7处理后，得到水蒸气9以及灰渣11，灰渣11由灰斗10向外输出。最后煤气分离装置16的气体出口向外输出煤气18。
在该实施例中，低温段7包括低温段炉体，所述低温段炉体与高温段14相连接处为低温段喉口部，所述低温段喉口部的下端布置有氧气\空气喷嘴12，上端布置有低温段煤粉喷嘴13。
在该实施例中，所述低温段炉体上还设置有微波重整装置15，其用途在于实现烃类物质的重组。
其中，微波重整装置为辅助设备，可根据需求选择使用，其具体结构可采用现有结构来实现。
在具体实施中，低温段煤粉喷嘴为单通道结构。
低温段煤粉喷嘴13的给料方式可采用以下任一种方式：
方式一：低温段煤粉喷嘴13的给料方式采用气力输送，输送介质为氮气或热烟气；且低温段煤粉喷嘴13的数量两只，呈对冲布置，如图2所示。
方式二：低温段煤粉喷嘴13的给料方式为溜槽形式。
在具体实施中，所述高温段14包括高温段炉体，高温段炉体外侧设置有水冷壁8，高温段炉体上设置有高温段煤粉喷嘴。
在具体实施中，所述高温段煤粉喷嘴为三通道结构，其中，三通道结构分别为中心给料、外层通纯氧以及最外层通水蒸气。
本实施例的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，通过高温段与低温段两段气化，可获得烃类物质含量相对较高的高热值煤气，原料在高温段发生气化反应获得高温煤气，进入低温段后，新加入煤粉依靠高温煤气热量发生热解反应，同时发生同相、异相气化反应， 最终获得烃类物质含量较高的高热值煤气和未反应的半焦；其中，未反应的半焦直接送入高温段进行高温气化。
本实施例可充分利用煤气化后残炭，提高碳转化率，煤气分离装置分离的粗煤气经余热利用、除尘净化收集的煤灰直接送入高温段进行高温气化，实现了残炭的利用，进而提高碳转化率。
本实施例在低温段布置了微波重整装置，在微波作用下，可降低焦油含量，并根据用户对煤气成分要求调整煤气组分为合成气。
实施例二
图3为本发明的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的实施例二结构示意图。
如图3所示，
本实施例的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，包括U型煤气发生炉和煤气分离装置16，所述U型煤气发生炉由呈U型布置的高温段14和低温段7这两段结构组成；所述高温段14和低温段7共用一个灰斗10；所述高温段14为下行气流床，低温段7为上行气流床；所述煤气分离装置16的入口与低温段7的出口相连通，煤气分离装置16的固体出口与高温段14的入口相连通，煤气分离装置16的气体出口与煤气余热利用及净化系统相连。
在该实施例中，煤气余热利用及净化系统也靠现有结构来实现。
具体地，首先，煤粉1、煤灰2、氧气3和水蒸气4，以及经煤气分离装置16得到的半焦17均通过气化喷嘴5进入低温段7，同时在低温段7处理的过程中，还进行相应给水6。经低温段7处理后，得到水蒸气9以及灰渣11，灰渣11由灰斗10向外输出。最后煤气分离装置16的气体出口向外输出煤气18。
在该实施例中，低温段7包括低温段炉体，所述低温段炉体与高温段14相连接处为低温段喉口部，所述低温段喉口部的下端布置有氧气\空气喷嘴12，低温段喉口部处布置有低温段煤粉喷嘴13。
在该实施例中，所述低温段炉体上还设置有微波重整装置15，其用途在于实现烃类物质的重组。
其中，微波重整装置为辅助设备，可根据需求选择使用，其具体结构可采用现有结构来实现。
在具体实施中，低温段煤粉喷嘴为单通道结构。
低温段煤粉喷嘴13的给料方式可采用以下任一种方式：
方式一：低温段煤粉喷嘴13的给料方式采用气力输送，输送介质为氮气或热烟气；且低 温段煤粉喷嘴13的数量两只，呈对冲布置，如图2所示。
方式二：低温段煤粉喷嘴13的给料方式为溜槽形式。
在具体实施中，所述高温段14包括高温段炉体，高温段炉体外侧设置有水冷壁8，高温段炉体上设置有高温段煤粉喷嘴。
在具体实施中，所述高温段煤粉喷嘴为三通道结构，其中，三通道结构分别为中心给料、外层通纯氧以及最外层通水蒸气。
本实施例的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，通过高温段与低温段两段气化，可获得烃类物质含量相对较高的高热值煤气，原料在高温段发生气化反应获得高温煤气，进入低温段后，新加入煤粉依靠高温煤气热量发生热解反应，同时发生同相、异相气化反应，最终获得烃类物质含量较高的高热值煤气和未反应的半焦；其中，未反应的半焦直接送入高温段进行高温气化。
本实施例可充分利用煤气化后残炭，提高碳转化率，煤气分离装置分离的粗煤气经余热利用、除尘净化收集的煤灰直接送入高温段进行高温气化，实现了残炭的利用，进而提高碳转化率。
本实施例在低温段布置了微波重整装置，在微波作用下，可降低焦油含量，并根据用户对煤气成分要求调整煤气组分为合成气。
本发明的还提供了基于生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的煤粉气化工艺。
图4为本发明的一种基于生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的煤粉气化工艺流程图。
如图4所示，本发明的一种基于生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的煤粉气化工艺，包括：
步骤1：原料经高温段纯氧气化，产生高温煤气，温度在1300℃～1600℃之间；其中，原料包含低温段未完全气化的半焦、煤灰和原煤煤粉；
步骤2：步骤1中产生的高温煤气进入低温段，经空气/氧气喷嘴调质，与低温段煤粉喷嘴喷入的原煤煤粉一同上行发生热解及气化反应，得到烃类物质高含量的煤气和未完全气化的半焦，气温段气化温度为900℃～1100℃；
步骤3：将步骤2中得到的煤气和半焦进行分离，煤气通入煤气余热利用及净化系统，半焦被收集下来送入高温段进行高温气化；煤气余热利用及净化系统收集的煤灰也送入高温段进行高温气化。
在具体实施中，低温段上部的微波重整装置可将煤气中焦油裂解并烃类重整为合成气， 在微波作用下，可降低煤气焦油含量，并根据用户对煤气成分要求调整煤气组分为合成气。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，其特征在于，包括U型煤气发生炉和煤气分离装置，所述U型煤气发生炉由呈U型布置的高温段和低温段这两段结构组成；所述高温段和低温段共用一个灰斗；所述高温段为下行气流床，低温段为上行气流床；所述煤气分离装置的入口与低温段的出口相连通，煤气分离装置的固体出口与高温段的入口相连通，煤气分离装置的气体出口与煤气余热利用及净化系统相连。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，其特征在于，所述低温段包括低温段炉体，所述低温段炉体与高温段相连接处为低温段喉口部，所述低温段喉口部的下端布置有氧气\空气喷嘴，上端布置有低温段煤粉喷嘴。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，其特征在于，所述低温段包括低温段炉体，所述低温段炉体与高温段相连接处为低温段喉口部，所述低温段喉口部的下端布置有氧气\空气喷嘴，低温段喉口部处布置有低温段煤粉喷嘴。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，其特征在于，所述低温段炉体上还设置有微波重整装置。
  5. 如权利要求2或3所述的一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，其特征在于，所述低温段煤粉喷嘴为单通道结构。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，其特征在于，所述低温段煤粉喷嘴的给料方式采用气力输送，输送介质为氮气或热烟气；且低温段煤粉喷嘴的数量两只，呈对冲布置。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，其特征在于，低温段煤粉喷嘴的给料方式为溜槽形式。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，其特征在于，所述高温段包括高温段炉体，高温段炉体外侧设置有水冷壁，高温段炉体上设置有高温段煤粉喷嘴。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置，其特征在于，所述高温段煤粉喷嘴为三通道结构，其中，三通道结构分别为中心给料、外层通纯氧以及最外层通水蒸气。
  10. 一种基于如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的生产高热值煤气且低残炭量的煤粉气化装置的煤粉气化工艺，其特征在于，包括：
    步骤1：原料经高温段纯氧气化，产生高温煤气，温度在1300℃～1600℃之间；其中，原料包含低温段未完全气化的半焦、煤灰和原煤煤粉；
    步骤2：步骤1中产生的高温煤气进入低温段，经空气/氧气喷嘴调质，与低温段煤粉喷嘴喷入的原煤煤粉一同上行发生热解及气化反应，得到烃类物质高含量的煤气和未完全气化的半焦，气温段气化温度为900℃～1100℃；
    步骤3：将步骤2中得到的煤气和半焦进行分离，煤气通入煤气余热利用及净化系统，半焦被收集下来送入高温段进行高温气化；煤气余热利用及净化系统收集的煤灰也送入高温段进行高温气化。
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